1 50 40 https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/d7955be3b5d6ce69deec646c73b577e0.jpg 05c2b0d1d7684ae2609f3604e60ebaf1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource White Hall Historical Collection Description An account of the resource This collection holds a wide range of materials relating to the Clay family and White Hall. Both original letters and copies of Clay family correspondence can be found here. The bulk of the correspondence is from Cassius M. Clay or written to Mary Jane Clay, but there are also letters from Laura Clay, Brutus J. Clay, and others. Contracts, deeds, and wills of the Clay family can be found as well, most of which are from Green Clay in Madison County. In addition to this, books belonging to members of the Clay family are included in this collection. Photographs are a significant part of the collection, both of the Clay family and White Hall. Photographs of Cassius M. Clay, Mary Jane Warfield Clay, Laura Clay, Launey Clay, and other Clay family descendants are included, as well as photographs of White Hall before and after its restoration. Events post restoration, such as a Victorian Christmas at White Hall and weddings, have been photographed as well. Along with this, there is a wide range of stereoscope cards with images relating to religion, landscapes, and famous places. Plans for the restoration of White Hall are also significant to this collection, as there are many technical drawings of everything from HVAC plans to landscaping plans. Newspapers and newspaper clippings are prominent throughout, as clippings can be found in Green Clay’s scrapbooks and original copies of newspapers with articles featuring Cassius Clay and The True American are included. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Clay, Cassius M. Clay, Green (1757-1828) Clay, Green (1871-1962) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1776-1962 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence scrapbook legal document photograph financial record biography broadside publication survey (land) Language A language of the resource eng russian Type The nature or genre of the resource text image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2023A013 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived White Hall Historical Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2023a013-b02-f01-i13 Title A name given to the resource Portrait of Cassius M. Clay Type The nature or genre of the resource image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource tintype Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/6d905502d10b1b23eb26443634a7074f.jpg 90af09c46031d8cefad8ffa34d72fd01 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource White Hall Historical Collection Description An account of the resource This collection holds a wide range of materials relating to the Clay family and White Hall. Both original letters and copies of Clay family correspondence can be found here. The bulk of the correspondence is from Cassius M. Clay or written to Mary Jane Clay, but there are also letters from Laura Clay, Brutus J. Clay, and others. Contracts, deeds, and wills of the Clay family can be found as well, most of which are from Green Clay in Madison County. In addition to this, books belonging to members of the Clay family are included in this collection. Photographs are a significant part of the collection, both of the Clay family and White Hall. Photographs of Cassius M. Clay, Mary Jane Warfield Clay, Laura Clay, Launey Clay, and other Clay family descendants are included, as well as photographs of White Hall before and after its restoration. Events post restoration, such as a Victorian Christmas at White Hall and weddings, have been photographed as well. Along with this, there is a wide range of stereoscope cards with images relating to religion, landscapes, and famous places. Plans for the restoration of White Hall are also significant to this collection, as there are many technical drawings of everything from HVAC plans to landscaping plans. Newspapers and newspaper clippings are prominent throughout, as clippings can be found in Green Clay’s scrapbooks and original copies of newspapers with articles featuring Cassius Clay and The True American are included. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Clay, Cassius M. Clay, Green (1757-1828) Clay, Green (1871-1962) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1776-1962 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence scrapbook legal document photograph financial record biography broadside publication survey (land) Language A language of the resource eng russian Type The nature or genre of the resource text image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2023A013 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived White Hall Historical Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2023a013-b02-f01-i12 Title A name given to the resource Photograph of Painting of Cassius M. Clay Type The nature or genre of the resource image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource photograph Description An account of the resource Photograph of a painting of Clay as a young man. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/ee33201a51187a89bc163a18161290a7.jpg 42bb309e558a19259230b4562fc5afc0 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource White Hall Historical Collection Description An account of the resource This collection holds a wide range of materials relating to the Clay family and White Hall. Both original letters and copies of Clay family correspondence can be found here. The bulk of the correspondence is from Cassius M. Clay or written to Mary Jane Clay, but there are also letters from Laura Clay, Brutus J. Clay, and others. Contracts, deeds, and wills of the Clay family can be found as well, most of which are from Green Clay in Madison County. In addition to this, books belonging to members of the Clay family are included in this collection. Photographs are a significant part of the collection, both of the Clay family and White Hall. Photographs of Cassius M. Clay, Mary Jane Warfield Clay, Laura Clay, Launey Clay, and other Clay family descendants are included, as well as photographs of White Hall before and after its restoration. Events post restoration, such as a Victorian Christmas at White Hall and weddings, have been photographed as well. Along with this, there is a wide range of stereoscope cards with images relating to religion, landscapes, and famous places. Plans for the restoration of White Hall are also significant to this collection, as there are many technical drawings of everything from HVAC plans to landscaping plans. Newspapers and newspaper clippings are prominent throughout, as clippings can be found in Green Clay’s scrapbooks and original copies of newspapers with articles featuring Cassius Clay and The True American are included. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Clay, Cassius M. Clay, Green (1757-1828) Clay, Green (1871-1962) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1776-1962 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence scrapbook legal document photograph financial record biography broadside publication survey (land) Language A language of the resource eng russian Type The nature or genre of the resource text image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2023A013 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived White Hall Historical Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2023a013-b02-f01-i11 Title A name given to the resource Cassius M. Clay with Guests at White Hall Type The nature or genre of the resource image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource cabinet card Description An account of the resource 40234. A cabinet card of Cassius M. Clay seated with guests at White Hall. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay White Hall (house) https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/4cfa89583d348f7ff8876a7c8897840e.jpg a729827f3fc727dd23bb1342b2a1082d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource White Hall Historical Collection Description An account of the resource This collection holds a wide range of materials relating to the Clay family and White Hall. Both original letters and copies of Clay family correspondence can be found here. The bulk of the correspondence is from Cassius M. Clay or written to Mary Jane Clay, but there are also letters from Laura Clay, Brutus J. Clay, and others. Contracts, deeds, and wills of the Clay family can be found as well, most of which are from Green Clay in Madison County. In addition to this, books belonging to members of the Clay family are included in this collection. Photographs are a significant part of the collection, both of the Clay family and White Hall. Photographs of Cassius M. Clay, Mary Jane Warfield Clay, Laura Clay, Launey Clay, and other Clay family descendants are included, as well as photographs of White Hall before and after its restoration. Events post restoration, such as a Victorian Christmas at White Hall and weddings, have been photographed as well. Along with this, there is a wide range of stereoscope cards with images relating to religion, landscapes, and famous places. Plans for the restoration of White Hall are also significant to this collection, as there are many technical drawings of everything from HVAC plans to landscaping plans. Newspapers and newspaper clippings are prominent throughout, as clippings can be found in Green Clay’s scrapbooks and original copies of newspapers with articles featuring Cassius Clay and The True American are included. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Clay, Cassius M. Clay, Green (1757-1828) Clay, Green (1871-1962) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1776-1962 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence scrapbook legal document photograph financial record biography broadside publication survey (land) Language A language of the resource eng russian Type The nature or genre of the resource text image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2023A013 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived White Hall Historical Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2023a013-b02-f01-i10 Title A name given to the resource Cassius M. Clay at White Hall Type The nature or genre of the resource image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource cabinet card Description An account of the resource A cabinet card of Cassius M. Clay seated in a chair at White Hall. Includes 4 copies. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/de88c1ade61d98f8c960494a50703fca.jpg 589e31c0b403508c34b4228485cb4e18 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource White Hall Historical Collection Description An account of the resource This collection holds a wide range of materials relating to the Clay family and White Hall. Both original letters and copies of Clay family correspondence can be found here. The bulk of the correspondence is from Cassius M. Clay or written to Mary Jane Clay, but there are also letters from Laura Clay, Brutus J. Clay, and others. Contracts, deeds, and wills of the Clay family can be found as well, most of which are from Green Clay in Madison County. In addition to this, books belonging to members of the Clay family are included in this collection. Photographs are a significant part of the collection, both of the Clay family and White Hall. Photographs of Cassius M. Clay, Mary Jane Warfield Clay, Laura Clay, Launey Clay, and other Clay family descendants are included, as well as photographs of White Hall before and after its restoration. Events post restoration, such as a Victorian Christmas at White Hall and weddings, have been photographed as well. Along with this, there is a wide range of stereoscope cards with images relating to religion, landscapes, and famous places. Plans for the restoration of White Hall are also significant to this collection, as there are many technical drawings of everything from HVAC plans to landscaping plans. Newspapers and newspaper clippings are prominent throughout, as clippings can be found in Green Clay’s scrapbooks and original copies of newspapers with articles featuring Cassius Clay and The True American are included. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Clay, Cassius M. Clay, Green (1757-1828) Clay, Green (1871-1962) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1776-1962 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence scrapbook legal document photograph financial record biography broadside publication survey (land) Language A language of the resource eng russian Type The nature or genre of the resource text image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2023A013 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived White Hall Historical Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2023a013-b02-f01-i09 Title A name given to the resource Cassius M. Clay in Military Uniform Type The nature or genre of the resource image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource photograph Description An account of the resource A copy of a portrait of Cassius M. Clay in a military uniform. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/73c5fbad530c84b8a4e84a801b56a4fc.jpg e753a1f68eb399b41d10b0a42211ef29 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource White Hall Historical Collection Description An account of the resource This collection holds a wide range of materials relating to the Clay family and White Hall. Both original letters and copies of Clay family correspondence can be found here. The bulk of the correspondence is from Cassius M. Clay or written to Mary Jane Clay, but there are also letters from Laura Clay, Brutus J. Clay, and others. Contracts, deeds, and wills of the Clay family can be found as well, most of which are from Green Clay in Madison County. In addition to this, books belonging to members of the Clay family are included in this collection. Photographs are a significant part of the collection, both of the Clay family and White Hall. Photographs of Cassius M. Clay, Mary Jane Warfield Clay, Laura Clay, Launey Clay, and other Clay family descendants are included, as well as photographs of White Hall before and after its restoration. Events post restoration, such as a Victorian Christmas at White Hall and weddings, have been photographed as well. Along with this, there is a wide range of stereoscope cards with images relating to religion, landscapes, and famous places. Plans for the restoration of White Hall are also significant to this collection, as there are many technical drawings of everything from HVAC plans to landscaping plans. Newspapers and newspaper clippings are prominent throughout, as clippings can be found in Green Clay’s scrapbooks and original copies of newspapers with articles featuring Cassius Clay and The True American are included. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Clay, Cassius M. Clay, Green (1757-1828) Clay, Green (1871-1962) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1776-1962 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence scrapbook legal document photograph financial record biography broadside publication survey (land) Language A language of the resource eng russian Type The nature or genre of the resource text image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2023A013 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived White Hall Historical Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2023a013-b02-f01-i08 Title A name given to the resource Cassius M. Clay Negative Type The nature or genre of the resource image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource negative Description An account of the resource A negative of a portrait of Cassius M. Clay. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/6ebb62ee180d5b431fdcb34441728ed6.jpg 3887aa7ba2daaf228d341d682e25fd55 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource White Hall Historical Collection Description An account of the resource This collection holds a wide range of materials relating to the Clay family and White Hall. Both original letters and copies of Clay family correspondence can be found here. The bulk of the correspondence is from Cassius M. Clay or written to Mary Jane Clay, but there are also letters from Laura Clay, Brutus J. Clay, and others. Contracts, deeds, and wills of the Clay family can be found as well, most of which are from Green Clay in Madison County. In addition to this, books belonging to members of the Clay family are included in this collection. Photographs are a significant part of the collection, both of the Clay family and White Hall. Photographs of Cassius M. Clay, Mary Jane Warfield Clay, Laura Clay, Launey Clay, and other Clay family descendants are included, as well as photographs of White Hall before and after its restoration. Events post restoration, such as a Victorian Christmas at White Hall and weddings, have been photographed as well. Along with this, there is a wide range of stereoscope cards with images relating to religion, landscapes, and famous places. Plans for the restoration of White Hall are also significant to this collection, as there are many technical drawings of everything from HVAC plans to landscaping plans. Newspapers and newspaper clippings are prominent throughout, as clippings can be found in Green Clay’s scrapbooks and original copies of newspapers with articles featuring Cassius Clay and The True American are included. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Clay, Cassius M. Clay, Green (1757-1828) Clay, Green (1871-1962) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1776-1962 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence scrapbook legal document photograph financial record biography broadside publication survey (land) Language A language of the resource eng russian Type The nature or genre of the resource text image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2023A013 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived White Hall Historical Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2023a013-b02-f01-i07 Title A name given to the resource Portrait of Cassius M. Clay Type The nature or genre of the resource image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource photograph Description An account of the resource A full-body portrait of Cassius M. Clay in a military uniform. Includes a plate from a book and a negative of the same image. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/e68307d9e80b6b96a364e75f579c7936.jpg 7e76fd4fc1d9de9be691185314134533 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource White Hall Historical Collection Description An account of the resource This collection holds a wide range of materials relating to the Clay family and White Hall. Both original letters and copies of Clay family correspondence can be found here. The bulk of the correspondence is from Cassius M. Clay or written to Mary Jane Clay, but there are also letters from Laura Clay, Brutus J. Clay, and others. Contracts, deeds, and wills of the Clay family can be found as well, most of which are from Green Clay in Madison County. In addition to this, books belonging to members of the Clay family are included in this collection. Photographs are a significant part of the collection, both of the Clay family and White Hall. Photographs of Cassius M. Clay, Mary Jane Warfield Clay, Laura Clay, Launey Clay, and other Clay family descendants are included, as well as photographs of White Hall before and after its restoration. Events post restoration, such as a Victorian Christmas at White Hall and weddings, have been photographed as well. Along with this, there is a wide range of stereoscope cards with images relating to religion, landscapes, and famous places. Plans for the restoration of White Hall are also significant to this collection, as there are many technical drawings of everything from HVAC plans to landscaping plans. Newspapers and newspaper clippings are prominent throughout, as clippings can be found in Green Clay’s scrapbooks and original copies of newspapers with articles featuring Cassius Clay and The True American are included. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Clay, Cassius M. Clay, Green (1757-1828) Clay, Green (1871-1962) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1776-1962 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence scrapbook legal document photograph financial record biography broadside publication survey (land) Language A language of the resource eng russian Type The nature or genre of the resource text image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2023A013 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived White Hall Historical Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2023a013-b02-f01-i03 Title A name given to the resource Portrait of Cassius M. Clay Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource McAllister & Brother Type The nature or genre of the resource image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource carte de visite Description An account of the resource 738519. A CDV of Cassius M. Clay wearing a suit. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/ab4a600b7167b50e2b71ac88f259f806.jpg a729827f3fc727dd23bb1342b2a1082d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource White Hall Historical Collection Description An account of the resource This collection holds a wide range of materials relating to the Clay family and White Hall. Both original letters and copies of Clay family correspondence can be found here. The bulk of the correspondence is from Cassius M. Clay or written to Mary Jane Clay, but there are also letters from Laura Clay, Brutus J. Clay, and others. Contracts, deeds, and wills of the Clay family can be found as well, most of which are from Green Clay in Madison County. In addition to this, books belonging to members of the Clay family are included in this collection. Photographs are a significant part of the collection, both of the Clay family and White Hall. Photographs of Cassius M. Clay, Mary Jane Warfield Clay, Laura Clay, Launey Clay, and other Clay family descendants are included, as well as photographs of White Hall before and after its restoration. Events post restoration, such as a Victorian Christmas at White Hall and weddings, have been photographed as well. Along with this, there is a wide range of stereoscope cards with images relating to religion, landscapes, and famous places. Plans for the restoration of White Hall are also significant to this collection, as there are many technical drawings of everything from HVAC plans to landscaping plans. Newspapers and newspaper clippings are prominent throughout, as clippings can be found in Green Clay’s scrapbooks and original copies of newspapers with articles featuring Cassius Clay and The True American are included. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Clay, Cassius M. Clay, Green (1757-1828) Clay, Green (1871-1962) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1776-1962 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence scrapbook legal document photograph financial record biography broadside publication survey (land) Language A language of the resource eng russian Type The nature or genre of the resource text image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2023A013 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived White Hall Historical Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2023a013-b02-f01-i10 Title A name given to the resource Cassius M. Clay with Guests at White Hall Type The nature or genre of the resource image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource cabinet card Cassius M. Clay https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/10d383fa014991aa5cf24e472c67502d.pdf 7d82af7d2b0af041dcb1613928c63383 PDF Text Text - 349 - we a1·e bound c.s virtuous and r eligi ou s men , ·t o OP.1.' 0 e i t , against c.11 odds til.1 death, - trus t in5 the 011 .i t o God . I f eel i n du t : bouna t o e ccep t y ou r i nvi tation . I s hall i 11 the oru.inc r :, cur:r ent of events , be with y on on the de..y named , and u s e my feeble efforts t o induce the good people of our l oved State t o cu t l oose from this dee d body of s lavery , c.nd be et last , what Pr ovi dence sec:-:s t o rur:e inexo1·ably decree d - fr ee • ................ Truly y our frien d , C • ....: . CLAY . Mess rs . Charl es Kirt l ey , Etc ., (fi.,c.i~,'f' J H. Thus an d fo rever , fe l l the WhiG Party in Kent cky ; an d its nn.t ionel l ife went out in 1 860 , ,;1hen John Bell a.ncl Edward 1~verett bore the 1!l11i g stt,ndard in the f atal 11 f orlorn hope . 11 In the moa11timc the ol d act ors on t he p olit ic al stage h ad d ied , or passed i nt o retiren ent - Adams , Clay , "'i'lebs ter , Calhoun , Benton , and others - an u. were sup erseded by nen men . There lingered yet one ~ho deserve$ menti on in this connection ; who still strove gallantly egainst fate . J ohn J . Crittenden was the next man in Kentu cky to Henry Clay . His o, e - por u l arity was unequal led . Always amiable and unrunb i t i ous , he c ould at all times fill &ny _public trust; t hat he des ired . A good l a'7Yer ; ant eloquent speaker , whsre ex t reme force nas n o!; needed ; a faithful friend , a safe conse!'vait ve sta.teman , h e was Henr y Clay ' s associate , but never assumed to be his e q_ual or rival . Tay l o1' . In the l ast c anva ss , he was f r ankly for His son , Thomas L. Crittenden , wa s , at Buena Vist a , Gener al Tay lor ' s aide - de - c amp ; and ~is son Geor ge , an able sol dier , was in Taylor ' s column , and also in General �- 3 0 Gener· rmy . ·cott ' s I did , th t J o1m J . C i ttenaen belie ed , c ould not c tho r .c t i o t ook nc. rt ~ty , -m t lC 1hi~ .' _ 1 educed nd Clay ; but they Cl y ' s death . ,.a It so to him ; but ho s~d ere • ·, 11 men to f l tt er ~ tl o policy o:f done , or beinf true t o e rorel~- wh t nat d c led. o off i ndshi , no or d id . i cgrot t od tl10 co~ rs at 1 ut l a·c m~do Cl y 1 ti on ec oncil ed before hims elf ; but thL he , knovinrr to o re clo,-r to sue l ien mi • C ittcnden , nn urge him to , sser t ity of doubt 1 c lac ~ef'lly tho · i st him , t houe-h h center of the 01n,o it ion . bet een him h lay No o · f · te , ".nd . oul esident i f h d s een his a; event . As Cl y dec lined in ye rs nd trength , t he slc:. cry is Gue 1axod nt r onge , t ho breach b et cen t e Uo th ,h.. . Cri ttendon , bcin South ·w jdcn cd . then 0..11 <1 n t c S n to , ventu od t o f ill Cl..,.,y ' c:- b oot 0 ; b t. there ,e o ovid011t l y too 1::tre;e for h:un . fe eb l y Th old evived ; b t like t com1 romioo wore t tomr1t s ssu .getives nd oftenjfsod I\ rome i ea , t he;;r nf.· •a ,rated the d i eese . Gritt en en he tily lovod t symp t hy 10 Uni on . i th s l a ery ; f r:r less with <li union . lie had noJ t be float ed , r r t b er , u . . ,on tho ourf co of t he sea ; not soundin{" , or h r d l y c in to kno ,, tl c dce:p currents end . ockn bclm1 . I t uas but p ilinf d tljJ) voo d u pon an inext i. hich mus t e.t L , .. t incr e, .. ::;e tJ e con The ~ nnoxat i on of Tcxe.s , ·nf 1.1j_ bl e f ire , agration . c.na.. the r ope l oi' Lho · issou ri Co ., omise , had convinced t h e l Ol'th th t Sla very and Libert y coult no l onecr co - exist . a gener 1 Gove Dlllent , ne~er Ie 1 The a lliuncc , under d c o- d i a l , d no. r rmm i noo �( - 351 i nto a·n oron oonteot for ::m.yi:romacy. Th-0 son-ch detcr1"lincd i:ur . Ori t tent e.:n I o attor:ipt then, the Uni'-m shot1:Ltl ror:i..:..~h. by hio <1omr-rmriinc rcsolri.tions t1nd. 6on2titntion, 5-·oil1r over ~.he o.mcnil.montn -to tho he oJ.ii. gr ound inco more , wh·i 1st tho;/ ~1hovi0u his kind nnt·--u.ro 031.ci. natriotisrn , t,1.ll cr-r--.a.ost mon saTI at o. · glcno-e \'Te,s doomod l; o cl o:fof.lt . Yet his talents anc1 !">"H.hl:lc ee:i:"vices chot1ld &:ad VJj_ll oo held in lovinP-- memory hy o.11 Kont·t1c'kic.nD , mid :i.mptt. ·tial mo-n ovcry-tiroro . Tho trrn volumou o:f l,ic life e.ncl ~:,ritine;s , oditecl oy hin <ln:n.g]1tor , !-:rs . A. ?.'t. Colcruo.n . under tho title of 11 Li:i:o of J . J'. d:r:i.ttcnden~• c.:ro ploa:mnt e e:rH.)1 kor ru1a aoue.tcr ~ Tho coroopomlcnco with l :i.B oontor1- history o:f tho timos lihon moat otne1~ ~.-oi"lW I 1o-ww of. i:tuch of tho m1;..,tter is uOt'Jwcllio.n.; lmt r.11 esting on tlls t c.t!cou.nt , n1£1 n c,rc irttcr- Who m. roa fo.r th<.: cto1....n.cul~r :ropoa.tod BOn1.')1:cli .n.ti ons oi' the groo.t? the 1.nnor life of' mm·1 1;110 Wliat ini;croots is ·aor.ion , ~;thich , var:-ion.ri o,o 1.ho htunun i'v..ce, prcf:3mr;;s ever n1rv·olty o.t le::i.at . Somo oi 111:-., co1:·ro~pondont1.:1 3how 1F little :lndi1,--iduelity t e.nc1 less cli(.7t:1.t • h"'vo~:-v house mus·t h(',VO i ta soi lod cJ.othos \7Mhed ~ encl every 1JOlit ici2..n I m.nt -c.lao have a. f lo.f:pors o:f. e. 011011- f'ish, i fli c ron.nO. bulleJti l1ot.1.1,..l. , rcmt inr; n}Ypo.r-ont ly �( - 352 - a-pporentl;1 u en hin ch v.ldore ~ withc-:.1t; c;rry -;-ioiblc 11cck. l!in · ...:i.'!l rms c1 .....~k, , o t;Jir.t ho i-rec ro10-rm e.s 11 nlaek nob ;" , .yor l a:q,o • ~h1:ny ,. iHe.ctlt, ti.nd. nour tor;otJ or; with a r.:ou1;h J.1.2::o O.J.'l ec.J,)n.1)le of Brent; om1)'ty soml-'lJt?,P,; - volmni 11!'.'.>110 foluo . ('>-X):1P.:nsio11 o:f:' i'f;s On th0. whol e ,. ho wee n. nr!!alJ. E'lu.it:lon oi' Jh.7'lt=Jt!':tf, with til l h:ia an'l1,:0tlit-yl roul a. l ittle of hin ,·it ., Letcher no.a Cl':'mys rcy ener-i,y; not 1;ho mon i;o o 1u.m jttr.t:J.co . 1.nt0r0ctint t>.ni.l i:, :nD:l.nt· A:ml fl.l'ltl y,0rhe11s I c;.11 ~et he io th.c mont part o:f 1 irs . Oolomru-i ' r:; uo1•k. oort::.j.nly roo mu.c~ hruu.or : nm1 llc hio lone oorvice in Con :r-0os gcvo h"lm c. kno·wlo a~c o:t mon ru1c, ov,intn tih:i.ch r1U:.uo him CJ'l nn:.:s)aid;o of ~.;i:.:> i.oadinc; mon oi' hi Et i:imo . I ccn:fons ltct ho ir,toL·N tc ino ; b.nU we oc.n oey t u:i.t} Prj.nce F~;J. 1 ovor tho doc:tl of tho or p·ina.l Jf~t Jv.ek : ur c un:Ltl hr.-.vo bottor HJ,,:rou Goo . ro Robo r-ta.101.1 t s lo'btc:r to C:ri ttontlon , { seo Lii'o • Vo;!. . 11, ) in w'liich 1'm r,liows t;hc "'-Cmo:p:.t -r·.oy t o revont me from b oint; •jcc;:•et:iry of ·.o~ 1.ma.or Lincoln t s cdmini;:J- ti-ct:ilon, ie bnt s. rrw BI)0·01 Meil oi' the low intri gri.os t;hich enem:i.~•rn hrr..:o nove :a.· cc:i.•t.1.·, l ori to t1.ea c,r:ninnt one vzho tzes a l r1eyt) wo;r . !l.;n 11 ovo'l~.....-ria.tch 'for. i,hom :in tho 011 0n :rio1d of honorulllo D~ ( Dl'nio1 l\rock ,. ) ho.cl m0,r•iod .:..1rc . Lincoln ' o aunt , tho s:i.otor o:f my i':::·::lond ,. Robe_1; f-l . TorJd i 'Bsg l'! .fi:ntl i t iG a 1narkod cxt.J11!)L: of lt,.~ " J/tncoJ.n t c ocl :-Z- o ontrol . 'd.non ho J.iDtenod :l.'or tHo 1~ u.1'fJ t o t;lm f-?..'l:'fu'"l.U!!cnt , i,1w.t he: ol1rJ1t ilo "'ti:J::o llio e:r,cmiQr-: into hin bosmn~ 11 be:Corc ho [;llvo 1tttoj;,z.nao to tho ...-mrds qu.o·t;al"l .. tJ.- I �- 354 - ov i dc:mco of 11< non'ty .... of a J-.!.1r·u. nc nature T}101?c E'.!.'C mcny millionliiJ.•os or t-i. non :i.11 noble :po1ii: ica , and in btw:l.nooo ; but, Critto::ndo:n wa.o tho rmnJ:th'icet o:r: The 1 llatiOl'l. $ \VO!.\lth "\18.S 11 11 . h:ir. ; c-.:nd, i":'t'lilst 'thnt mu•vivcd , he w1io sor vcd llcr no r:ol l con.ld no~·o.t t%:.nt ± 01• n d.ollnr I T~ylo:::· ltav:li1t.: boon o1cctod. I uctod n o mora w:l-th tho ¥/lli r :Purty - j,f ho Ct'.•Ul(l ha ocJ.lct:.1 & Whig. 1 hv..d. r;o.i.:kod. cll 1ny i ife l.or t.hLJt rm:rty; 1'mt r:ithout c~::u:i-"f . o:;.• roccivin.[" , / ti.l'l.(1 L i ncoln maa.c l'roo:i.ctentn ., o:poakinf :ln tho:l~:- can.no e\·cry- into potvor.i , much by my offor ·h~ and , Ci-itt(m.den boinf:• nw fr:t011d , I c :-,u:d h nvo nntei·ocl ptt1,lic life vlith new ol.o?n<.mtr; of s·tronrth; but I lw.o. e h:ltl:o:r ontl in vio\7 - th<J oetn)) .... lichmcnt oi' the Union 1.1:vor.. t'!-io on .Ly ecGtu:o be.GiS - E<.Jna.1 In -t)w mos.nt-tmo Robert I' . Letcher, h:.",Vi~,.f ;r.cturnod tho ol d Cl~y diot1.,:J.ct , f.!£'&imrr, t ho ycimf a.nr1 tnlo:n«tod -1 .. r. • Br0akin~rirlr.;o .. Letcher hiul 11ever 'bet)~'!. b<.m.ton bofOl"e tho people ; but we h.nd i:::1:r ori thr:·b ~,()rty n heavy blou tl10 il.o~et\t o:r Olay, t-.ml ite ti·cstjeo ~:as s on0 .,, i11 In 11ur- Duo.neo ox my P,ol:lcy o:f.' dioru.rt ion _ I , o:r co1u"OO , ~,i<led \7i th 1etohor $ncl 'Fthig 0ry .. the scru.os ol' f nto. I ho.cl m:-01md 1110 c. compac·t a11t'i I set ell the vrltn et:udnst nBJ.a.ck Bob " enil mndo hlrn ll10 .j®/3t of ovc1-:y cro·· d . Letcher lic{l ma.<lo �,... 355 - crno1ir.· · rno1·c in ·olloctnal conotitu.cncy of' tho blu, - rans 1·ogion he ~:v.s no r,iutch :Zo-:i:- 1'3rockinridco . inl cmill ho llt1n·llt rnn r.roll and n uhort 1mi::.;cr I 11 pca- vincn rogio:n ; hut the ot 1 -~r; :foot; tnn ·led in tho it:aJ.uck lioroe \":ri.:1 . 1.u."o to blu<"- f>'O.Go , i1nC fell .n tho Tho n1,oys" !j:hoy :.:•.commond.od c "clor.t ..:to.11 cr;·t ho tiho,tld ru.b hio tail 111 ocn otro1u ogninot J.·idtet le!? 1 arl'fllGCd ~ or \'ihc.t , meeting en Boone ' u Croo c, ncZ!.· tho Kont1.10cy· Hivo1·. nu.joining my ?ld County of !.M·dioon. Wo t.::cro in lorco on the 11la.ycd ,~l,aQ.J.!..Q1'!L8.C oltillfnlly O.G 0. Po:ris O (l rou.:nd , F.'n<l ·c.- :.i.orco . TLe c:on"'t;i•ant 13ctfa·:on tlw men ,·;o,t it.Je1.f nn ~.rsu.mc11t . Brockil11•:l.O.go M:i.o t:Jl ~ ,·oll- 01'lllod, iti.tl ft?-ir cor:ir loxion , rcf"tl.lflr fnc o of' f:.'l·oo1· mo:ntc.l )"O\·,or largo O lllu.t"l · e oyao , o.nc1 c. l'iuu.r:n. h.o.ir ; intcl loc·turu. , com-1>oscd, r.mt'l.. f1.1,J.l or c on:::ci, 11s g!mius 3.llcl intn.ro l hr~o o.l... oa.fii! rloSm!iiJO(l. 2~oy;aan Q I o·t.o hor Ro luicl gro\·m co co:::.--1m1.cn·li by oeo ru1cl. hoo.vy oet :ll')r; , tl~ t 110 soomcd ai.: tli~1os o:n tho ·vory "IOI'f c o:f au.ffocv..tiont or a.por.1c:8;y,. The ,.-o~:~hcr sldllcd 0".1orcu:mcn ; rr.i:J::lns hcrac--f;lu·uc to ~ nncl coo, tho 01·:rect of eech. Lotchf r UTJ,,--:. \"iE',.S -v Cl'Y o"JCOJ.:v:.i.ne; vm:-y nm.ch cm·~ nr ccl, o-i--e~tlir ~lli-ry. aml :~ought oc: one ,1'i,..> fu d l ont oJ.1 mi.tnC1l.J.o.r J:'>O,,o:...· , OJld oven oye- aicht . Tho "POrs:p:i.:retion 1,otu.• cd o:ff Rio voice wa.c gu.tturf'l, ::m•i ojcetcd i'roi 1 his lu:ngr:: es n bedly- cJ-,are;od :f:uso O:t iJOii (¼nt1 ch~~· ljO\"!dO'.t" • The boyn Oh~utcd : "Cttt the he.lter ,, �-· 35G - Lotchor h£d no :cri0m1n. c.nd. ao,m By irrvitttion , nll join0d u.n , ·ac ,·;~nt to thr oolohr~.tcd nrrine· :-it Bom1e 1 8 Creek. the last of Lctchor J ~ho boye we.re in ' 1igh f lee ; a.nd old. nour.b 11n and m.:h1t - .slinc; ,;mro sovor.oly rni:red ni th the r;ool waters of "liho nctucl n<":ri.11-5. Tllo l10ct o:.i. tho d:;y , tho lleo.t o:f tho intolJontunl •fi f,Z•ht ,. ~...nd , lu.otJ.y ,, . Gho . hont o i' -tile o1 r1 nonrbon 1 ron.o11<Hl a olinio.x. Boone 1' a Croak sont it;· cJri:rt i nto tho :{cntnc,cy:RivGr. enc.. ,to.rr-1C<.1. c. lons wc.to:r- holor.; at it1'Gorvals ,. 11 1'if:tle , n or slicllows , wltL dcop TJ,e 01m bor;fl.n to 1onrthon the l cavinr: t,-eir . lot;hoa on ·tho clot::r ;,:1obblos ,, t7(mt :tnto tl10 bolm, vms Cley! u fl..11other zqun.d of bc.thors ,. I hou:cd tho O'l'y : nc,lo.y , At first 1 th01.1.ght it ,ms o. or y for a apcooh .• :i:01• not in order? nut , in u momont , .( eat7 tho citru.iti,)n - o me.a1 \7aS dri:r1~mil1G .- I rcn o.nd nltmgcd into th~ natcz·. A yon11a- men 1w2neil Will i t:un "fi:J.lio , t~ 1kf.icon G<nmty m.-:m , had oome to the G l:Pking- .. Tho t1atcr was olcur ; he wa.s quiet , e :i:oot or so bonocth tho nv.rfc.co , but h.i.s head uo.c soen .. I o ·uc-ht 111.Li hy the N~ir ; nnft hvltl:5.nr. hts head bo:noath out : "Baise h:Ls hm-.u.i; ho wi ll tlrorm.. " nn.t I lmo~· the d.o:i1f•o:e of beinf; ean{-'·bt t.'ntl d i oab:tod ; ancl, :b-1 '!:":y uw.n ney, pla.cod �- 357 - plo.cod. him oafoly on tho . t·rnfOtcyJ ' ?.U.(;,n 0,,03~f'.'! . In an hotl!' or co ho ~ J.:L:t:0 ' /) • .... lS ..,. )i:Whon nomc r 0.,l ln.nt ~·o;I.loi:;s s t.w~c1 tho li·vcn of clro•.minf men ( t the r~o1.U.e:v i l .o Fal13 of t1 o n1:io , t'.ho XeY1f:mcky Lor ir::,lv.i;m•c '.hm1ore<l thEJ?TI. with c. .'.'\r:Hla.1 ; "ut t1hon I cv··vcd the lii.'o oi' ra. lis • the , ro ~s u.avecy ~1ou.rnAlo TTot·.l(l not even mibl:lsh .,he :r ct 1 find ,;:he"11 :i: c•··vod tl1t"' 1:1.vos of t'hG so1 cl:lerE, at •,al o.o , in file-:.dc o . "'l.iho nolit icnl. l}.om'ncln ohoi.;orod. u'(}on no o.11 the :pom.,i l>l c ot.l ljmnico of ctornel h trna . :-Jo, r.:hon l would c;o 110 lonr:or F itl1 the Ro) Pblico.ns in ..;l10ix• t1.E13,cj.lir~ fu"'µ..J~J.~:O.!.aUJ.l ~Q.111~ 11 i:n 18GG , - althaueh o.ll now a.clmit -thot my wo·cJc in P.n8e:l 0. uo.vcd us from t110 u.ni tod ii1yrisi 0n of :irrro1co , Spo.in, e:ncl Englon-" , O{'V.inst !Jcxioo ,: nn,1 th· or:-.,r0"1 ,Lo union, - thoy f;cre v.ncqe.llod j,n thotr dotr:,cth·c r.:1rlioc l c. Br~ckin:r.iufC ' s acrcex :l.s \;ol l k:norm .. . Tliut :f.cmil y weo nli;cy;.;: rn~..::Jtrt.1)10 :co\, t~lo1tto.:nt1 oha.1•r,cter .. ln rey ti os . I hco.1.+d him m..<:i:.'ii:o his lP.st voli - t i oru. oneech ... ,;m,tJ n. me.n oi· too rmteh mind not to 000 that, thtn~o wo.s no gonc:r.ouz and. fr:.:·nk a notu:rc to co:n.co.al h:le s entiments , He 1;1:..111 bGnton, i11. Foyett0 , f.or tho Honso of ne1)rocwntotivos i n Kcntn.cky ; c:ntl novor on·t eret1 poli ·t;i c£ ap:ai11 . drovo h:l1i1 int,o the Cl:hu:r·ch . TJ1i s Oi. cou.:t.se , m1ch an i:rr~cllect <-Wttl«. never 1.te a lig-ht -u.nder a buohol any ."1110:r-e ., c.na he was , in doctrino,l mDttcrr: . a 5re< t ui v:i:ne; bt'..t • as I o:?.tot1 aa.ic1 , tho c \1ni;:ry lost n 1:,oor 1>roncbcr • to 11.ru.c h. cro t str- tcs!',m.n o.n<.l or.o.to:t· in a .lN:irt 8.ftcr nll , (locb·:l.no tlooo not Fe e.11 knov1 t ho r1eht ; the y:roc.cho:r mu.ct f.'!nt)U'll'li i,1 ovo uo t o o.cti on �c tion .. I . t e t.im i 0 n 1 or,rat er, in tel l e c~unl 0 ri to ' i c'lo e for life . c ; an on . i r; on n ia' , tn b, r Cor. ~re on fo~emo n otat am ,1 no • d , if el~C1.. d , f • J ec '"inri le,o w' \ r·01 1 o. t 19V r , 1 d en oculi n.r . W·r e; , o 'f C l rn, s it ,t ·i a wi l J r 1 ~. " F' img off_ t <, nc ... l ell in - 11 llii'.l . c. t ,~ . .. · t caused, I t I / ool iers 11 ~h.:;cu e i f'li 1 e ' i 1 t e:r t e gr tion o f t .. e et f id 11 t Unlon ?o Foor t. ~e TI~O c.utH~D lo:' ci vt 1 ze ociet , f'o r to i ~.n or or~ o~ th t. e 1el ve [\ mory , o:xi tenc rief ; rit bl f:. c iv l :f l~il l .. ionul :fen.:. 01 _ou.1d / .:u-~ 1 -·- ,: ian " . :1onur en t 1.o ~11 t !'.l " ') t .e ri - c cord fl,o. e en al la II ill - ~' 1" C8ef/ , l1 He . v ice 1·1 t e i o ffFtft1 11 , ate .. .,. r'."'. C. ch is .r; ioni t . a ge l \,, iO 6,.,1 i3 ,t to, ,. of' , ,.p hi . cea J fen r , it r:11 ;.;l t reH p , i art e 1 rtue V I ha. e .. ...... ' ◊- G . ,a t on a cco ~t o f t1 in . cron ce . or une 1 o. · i ; 1~ r . ~r o.nd of h;lr:i , doub t no , ce~ a ir , -n 0 . 1~ ~ 1-. . l orl , if t i s be not true. ,. t ~ • P . Jre c dnri g ru . rk. • unci ri me . t! \'T ( a.rt ro that OH\, countr· great ly no .orea a reacher . true to li 0 i 1 c• st·nc e ti er- d j e Union o r but dee t ,et 1 · Hi 1 e ch a in the Cl ,, d i " El' rrom e ' gre t 0, lwa.y ' , an 1 i of K ntuc~y ' h is .L. e.notl er field ;. an He ry .,. B."d in ru r b · will 11e a ye o. n r.wrv · c ins., sl&. n r u. r , lay rt , I f -, ·t Th o Q_ r volution ~ �-3 triotic c ~ae , t1e~e at , e en in ~1 chan c e of s ccefl s to l a l o r.. fai lur0. t i ot , a ma' es t e ut th ned . cons rv l i tt 6olla.r•e ; in '1i l 13t. a / i ti th . a ing: t be can n :uc e e re tir ly co 1 . e ,u li e , to e but t l • ~ e.s a.; , .,..o riate t .n t ouean- o al av. a simi lar sm for e. monU!:lent l lant Uni on sol 1er, 1 illi n t cont ca " wst , nume_ t eso lutio.1 11 o 1 am --.:.lav ry -- ri 1 ul ' le al 1 de n "'idge ' e emery ot-. the do wn ~ ~ ' re oo n· 1 ttem t t he overthro~ of' t .e i':ne ric.... ~athy or hon01" for t or Br c be r.;o the, ef at the trai to r 1 .1e means t o y oul nl0on , ,t... · oted ind i 'Y ation ? ...n CH ?TEH l '. . oel T , Ha t , tde Scul tor , was C,larke , · entuc'"y , of li ite to orn , i n 1 1O , in t1 1 County o:f u ::1b le but r s .ect ble c ord' nary rout ... e o · th c i l dr0n o1 the uor --- 1 r C.'ing , nritin , an a on, t ui 1 ing ·e.lla, chi , rial an eyi:J , anri su ch ru or, ,re.s ne ed ea . f' · · neton , Xentuc ·y , .He.!!" t h - an to be u I: ,., I 1."e • i lltl.. ~1 r,t of !.,~x - lio c:o or a· e t.ation ---o. to, Hart h •' c' t' i ttention , 111 d I , .: · 1 tte r ma. - ·. as t us e:1 lo e , he r e scul t turecJ fi - 1r e 11 highe 0 ire i,,;t. tuett. s . y 11· e a i he ~e inc of to.b - tones , " h r sited in 1.e r , h i rit m ic. •:mc:r~ tteo t orauaded lli1; to <;> • aL e - 11 that he at t o.ct t he hig} es t ar in / ""'or)cing by cl ul ture . an atomy ,- rbl e , . an g re (~ ,o Elesaion of' oo ' ni h t - le , lf nu 1 e to bu na in r wing and '1- WU in It lian t r a t · u cce a rutuei Clay , e ic on as oh o·111 , abou t 1 38 , n t he '".caderc.y of 1 1J.y c o::n en fira ed hi · 1i c l . 1Taa reg r. *In th It eng , he 1.oney ir cl . -or t 1i I na.i · :ii thie 'irec tiori. a a ce , and :!:lo ·. a en;; ed , at ut t~ ood fi e Tf m 10 e( e f !!le of t?1 rice · , t ollar --- i a younc · e tuc 11ould i n Hen ry Clay , <, neral .T c .~on , c r · tten 1 r,n , a1 .v ot}Lre . 9 •iari o.rbl vi.ng t ,; .:i i ti O'fl to �- ~60 - a l,o be fir t. in ort :'!'ere offer d to t e Ke C 1 tio --- i i in .o tl £ rG t i r nu 0 _a , a, :cl bition to r., e or a 1on ct . u to 0 ' , nw n u too' rt , n th ·uc ti o t ... I tion OJ. qui _a. OJ. t 1 e a d s~ r 1 s. ltl8.rb b o.utir u . on· l?O l tion an, ' C lon a n or the .i cl hi nc tl en i n n •e al' ti , with t.. i:, ere t or. i· hi s ~1ng , 1 a Cu id a 1 e re r t , c,on.fil re t r·st i n i to , I la lt1 o : the n 111 rt u o h f3 in t tl"'J;i. .. r e ·o , i t. r- ·' oo e clo hin , and out - door ex re o , c .use l t~ a.It it s rn f'ect on off ten w re , no uc frat 'JeinF t b ut th orlc; . b a.uti.L ul; ec t1 man , ~ de anc. · lo roent of' e_ ti l S C. 00 t ah r in ~o h r,r 'O nti t tl t.1 1f h ad~ , ir he of art 1vin e at th 1 socially --- ai~ ~ ibi it nt of w .ic'1 ch f c.ce , '? r- tat - nd • i ,or 1th h l8t t_ i he oo n orl • ntion ---h l ioal , l av -ng none of th t infi ite ne i1 the t ou to of t h , :m.de Cr r ~ r li ion of t.he G-rse ent t el et fin l ,;lllcn of sue:_ ~- e ( 1 As e. lo~" of cut on . it , -ucoo it ~ nobl bu t in cl fir I ~ ...... 0 l>1a~10 a ~roct i 1 lt u stat :fer.ia e e. 0 ort · b t "--- .o .1 0 , ork --- of d et o - t· e - rt . tu ant f "'l , 0 ' f , a nude sta.tu:i of' won e.n , l of hi Y'l lorenc , It 1 , ~ but ono ---ti 11 . i lif'e-bu ts :for a 0 i · II ri t ~o rt , L- a e tur ac i ze f: ''i O. - r e.;ular 11 it I o b aut , e ancient n C e·ed a 8 €1 for o ed i e cou nus . t t r be o ' OTIU3 e rfeotion fi e h ere ff e.t t , ..... riu. h of' l s the by urpaa oe f ct . o n~ I ollo ing natur o t10 bt mar ' lo se y ; o · •. ilo , .. tl oth rs , cot c.i ,- edici , r : ' ou n 'Io all t i i n o. b nu 1 lll ~· ro ,h in , f: rt re Or-' nti ic· 1. h~ , lo.n ; c.: he , of ... ity' , wa .ia l i - ork . H. t 1 e \ ·t e �- Gl e a.a l r h & ti J a.1 t:i in rO L'l acco h i s ·"'or n ~ ote . t. of h -~ 'tO no no. to r y ~ ~ g undc ?."" . or U.Tfi ·· ber I 0-&> I e :.c.i 11 ro. a rerrt n if th t natur - --holc, i1 rt .as Bi ' fin st t, 1 1 m nt \ i t 0 t. the &11 th ation in one 0. of' b was all co i 1!. 0 I tri rabJ nn · t'1 u n+ r1tt n 1 " I lorence , c res s ng r · c1 tion at or in f 1.i c' u on t 1.1 Il t a.th , a:.o r.1os t :c ,or · . i 0 ,HD ·ra i.fic -::.ion u is th t~e no?Jn . Ve t er i . rt 1 J f i I nEl :l IJ'.:i tl {\ l i v · n,-; h UiTO WS ta tue , ' h 'I r C'"l G '1 i11.s c~ib n E .is i touol'.. Let t art . Le ot beine a l to see ork , i r to or t1roe ~ · e ~1 · · onth , ~o. et or'.c xecut c 11 I " ly , ear Clay : - ore 1 l e v b o b Y,,_J * ia a ool th~ h lni e, L 11; e. cl b o.fely one n of my ·rat.L t.ud y 1 8 ho s.:.. 8 t ·~ ar l i so i., in 10 l"U • ·. l fo "" .101 r a cont 1 o o an 0,c - ri "'ic Ure . · 1ay o.n yo H' ch l ren , am , ev r !:10'~ trul , y ur ri end, ., Clay , ,, q ., tfft v,I y Jo {ell , :;;.diaon dear Cl hie.~ ,,- s be~i e el ct one ore 1 tter I send you · re tins , hed 1 1 on of t e ; 01 :..rt ' o , r i en v rba.1.,i ·u r' can n e , n th~ O 1 I ' ILL• JOU'"U: .L , era I fir s a .ol i . i .l your ra-.:,n s ir1 1 4i::: , !'ld ion in 1 49 , a lt Frankfort; a d hr::.ve ;;.ace wa. i tr 1 ... our · IJ,T'3 a .. ain0t sla ry end fo r t I 1r ?art . y ' ~y . Gonven iTi t . in o t of' �- 362only man gifted and bold e nough to o to.nd up ti,~o. i n9t t.ha t co:;J•non curae in Kon tucky throue,h the prerrn--ri o1<ing your 1i fo 1md every thing- - it gi ves ~e plea sure to ~rit e a wor~ of your wi s dom, which, had i t been follo"11'ed , S tate by S tate , the lfO.l"' 1'ould i, av-e b e en avoided . '!'hough you dAs erve the first honorn- o f t he great and f're e Pe nublic , yet the" nre not e..l <fa: y s g ra.nted n•hilo 0!'10 i n D.livo : but , c ome lYhat may , yours will be one of the firn t historlcc. l names . An t n ~y~e lf, I have fors one e ver• t h ing e lne ~o r" ach the first degt"e e i n my p:rofea s ion ; and. , a " you r1ore t.l';/ f'irct patro-:-1 , i.'!.nd of all the most cordial to greet and fo.vor my laboro, 1,_owever humb l e , ! mo,1 you will be plc esed t r:i he a r a word of rm.st I e.m about . And ftrst , within the last fi f t0 a n r:ionth.s , I have rEl!l1ocleled my s tatue of tl . Cluy for Louisville --:!lo.de i t o ri t inal , and. far :finer t h a.n either of oy ori g inal onea ; it io far advanced in an exquisite b lock of the finest marb le . For my portrai to , tJ1e I tali ans ~av e !!le the i'i r$t n lr1,ce o f honor ao oculptor, of any f'orei gner, 1 n thf' i r g rea t national oxh i bi '!:.ion three yea.rs a50 . But ir, is to t h e idaa.1 that I have ':lo ntly d evoted r,y r1elf for t h e fifte ~n years paatx ;onl y ailoTTing t~o or ~hree bustc to go out or my handa . ~ I studied anato·:1y one hour a day f o r five ors six years a t Lexing tori in win ter , having 11odela d buata of Dudley , Cro o s , etc.; 110.ve been f'ive tiwea to London, e.nd 3tudied the re fourt een oon t hs n.t.m; one time ; five tir:iea to Pa.ri.a , 0 :r-ouping tableaux rrith the fai r(Pm:n· eia.i1 da-ttiae la; five t.ir:'l e s to Home ; once to Naples ; stud.ied. a.nc.1 mea115urecJ ever:-r oeauti :t'ul youn4 wor11an I c ould get in reach of for the last. t.hi rty yea.r:s , keening 'lty eBp eoio.l etudies t o my a alf' , n.nd h ave at lo.st g rat f'ied !!!..Y passion i n modelins a lift~ ide al i/i:r1,;;in an.a Cl1ild in a g roup; not the Chriotian Virgin and Ch t>ld , r.iowe ver . Th e figures a r o nude - - ic<:ut~xs " Beauty ' e Triumph" . •-:he , being as:1ai lee. by Cupid, re s ts her lef't f'oot on hi R exh.auntoo n.ui v"'-r., el1d holda h:l.n l a.r:1t a rrol'!' i n trmumph, for whi ch he p l P~ds--t.ipt.oe i ng , r e a.chine after it . It. f i vea t h e r'lo ot grttce:f'u l end :fine at po e oible a tti tu.de 1)oth to t he ,.-01;1.an a:~c1 t }1a bo~, . Al l nho dare ape,a'..c out s a y that the attitude i e finer than oi the r Venu~ de !HtcUci , or the Venus of' t". ilo , e. t Pa.ri ::1 ~ Reinhc..rt, the Balt il.iore- aculpto nho ra.ri a F.1 aya i a the best s culptor America h e.:-3 yet nroC.ucod , ( a ilve our dear nelf , ) tells 1 t a.round that i t i s the t"'inea t wc r }~ in fi'loronc S1.ioh epe e ohes are now every < o.y being made . 7he idet.. i a T·1o tlc-" rn , f'.•no. !!lY own. . Thou&-; not near fini shed, it i e a fur fin ~r n or!;: thl'n I o ver exp ected to p roduce . I hf...ve ce.st o of e ll the E, raat.cst e.n tic;ues and r::ia.c:erne of the 'J enuo .tamily , ..1.n ct th e .Like , l n 1;q stud io . '"i h E, beot connoi oseurs a a y that none of the.:! t~quv.1 mine . '3ut this i o too r.1Uoh , o. !. least , f'') r me to saym ; but i t ia t o you 1 a.it.: writing . I vriah to eXl: ibit. it, in ma rble , in th~ Unite d J tates . l would hav it photog rapl1ed , ancl s end you e, copy; but i t i o 1Je~3t not to let the photogruphars now me<Jclle Wi t'i1. it . One or t,ro ocul-j;tore 1am. hn..ve a lready plarr.io.rized rtxlt frori it . I o:xpoct some day t o eng:rav~ you r naroe u pon it,e.s my firat patron ; but -rrill talk of thia bye and bye . I wi oh you rrould r1tak e a. vi oi t to old I ta.ly . !..lror: me o. line . I r. the hone that you and your -? are all lTell , very trul y , your ff-'iend, ,Joel T . ! 1 Rrt . Hon . C. 1' . Clay , U. S . J..:. inist0r at s t.fet e rshur3 , Hu.esi11. . Hart died in F'lorence; and his rA:::ia.ins are n ow buried in the public cemetery at l7're.nl.rfor t j :'e-ntucky , brou 6 ht. ho.10 at the exnenfle of hie r:a.tive .., tate . The 11 '!'!:·iur:nh of ·1onan" , or o f l1 c hv. ntity" , as it vr:as first calle d , ,•Hi8 bought of Hart ' s exe outoro b y t.~e notod "'i.ffa.nys of Ne\1 York , 6.nd sol d by t.hom to tho ladies of LeY.ingiton , o.t five thousand �- 363 - w}· ,r dollr: o:f t 10 G .il -1 co j_ · rt - ·. 1 . C elm~ of t. ;u~ to bo er ct d :i.: oh;. , li o-::::i c . TlY:" 1) c y , in · .1 i ittJ '1 • unlik i t; , tho 0 .... , t .' t clown to lOnt" ox·.·· t• her tho tru. o idov.l . ut n odern : v.ml the =-t .. ·.• l e , all the bor111 i ... of diapl y oe ly u oci .c;root · ·c ' b,1t . 7it 01.1.t c1h ca of t 1·e ~l cnt cntG 11 of· :JP~ ~CE O:P . ;;m, .._.l ('ii.I,> .. . "!ltG~ C nr1.-j ..o ..:,n•, 1 tl ('. l i c,.. le , n ilot · I; j,~ 11ct nt. ?.11 (' mos V . sc~; n.rc not t it:: a o k, not co <.n foet _..2.9n 0 , but rros•· ··...: re - iff' . • CI ' T cnt ic • ' fr t1 o O ~oak , :· O(,[•i ,hO\ ·r-1 ast d.or-1 .Q T lC f:- bo 1 : I L T. :3 1860 . t rn hv 01 1 b ry humble 1'"'I rite , I do 1..0_0 I )' ·o.::olct ¢ ,3 , 1 �n: • iJ J f ~e i } ,, ,, -c .-. ld t1'() n .i e o:;. ·,. ,. :i.· 0 h··, .1. :oc:: C ;} , 1 c:icw a ;•o 'C ,,] C O C • i.>01 .. h Af:, ~ t1 ~ 0 on 1. Im T~:t t. 'll.~.-. Co the mo emon ·.. rt o , r -~: rh. .Ros~. · r-n. t • .. 0 uty , o:? ~h. . <.n: Lon in , ·t . .. b i ·n o. l'/0 ·} 0 htr ;: or·t lO c .. ~ ,.c:,:- -: ' ex ye · J. ' • a.o i ;.il"Ort( 1 O" l .. �.0 I I • t:o • Hy ROD . J~ . C• .• ', ~ . l''t;l . • i 01 T ..:.h1 ton , 1 c 1 0~ • j1 .• 1 o:. : i ·1 C i ll . .,_ l 18 _8 f I 10, 10 ~ , o · , ,Yi1i:i:iold �- 366 - W'in:i:icl•l Scoti; wore tho n1:; 1 . • ~ for nord.n:-tion ; f->cott ,:·e.a :.'in:--.lly ~1u::c·ossfu:t . ai1,~. flt..c J'.'Opu::.rxit-y o:f Taylor I c 1 mil:Hcry ccrecr , no c1on1,t , ai<lcci. tl•r: rom,.lt ; •;;}ijlc'· 'i7obster ' o a.ml Pi~ lmorc ' L 5ubservicncy ·~c 1,llr• elo....~o- IW\ er cl .i.Of1~nted oven the conoorvf'.t i vc \t'higs . Fra:nklin Pieroe , v1l10 wr-s ].:i.ttle lcnmni. , irnt ro.d been in tho iic1d.cu1 7:'ar , we.~ mf'Do tho 11or.iinoeX c,f: the Demo ... The ircc - noiJ.err; :r1 11f"lin ted ,john P .. Ra10 a.nd C~eore;o W. Julian, uc the rep:i:-eronr ti vos of ~.;he Liboro.J. Party . it lost a-t- won , ·itc fRte 1/SS not c1' -r. necd . I t took the swoepinn· "'to·t;e of Pi erce to nw.k0 tLcn mo.a r6th prosr,c-ri ty ; mtcl their ultr~. pl c·t±:o:r-·., , :_r_~; violont nction :l.n KJ::nsaci , to nrouso the poople from th· ir fc.tc.l lo'tr.""i.rgy . ¥:hen tho grcnt '7cbc/i;cr , wLo yielded ~o rnuc!) of the olC. ne,;- Engluru.l spJrit ~ ine":·i tab1o eonflict . P.1.o Jtisson.:l'.'i Com1,rono1:10 of 1820 , l1y uhi.eh · 11 ter:ri t.:iry north of 36° SO ' r;~s f~rcvcr consecra.tod to free □ oil and free mon . 11.0.cl noon helu. trn e.Bcrcd. Conotitution itself . ·,:,·ncn , tH.~ / the c:ho-·eforo1 n bill was br1.U5'ht into the Co:nrrons o.:nd. pt1sseo. , by v111ich this timo-honorcd cot"rr,act -rms anm1.11 ea , t.J1u. f'l~'.vory e110-.10a. -to enter a ll the ·territories , t::bcrc wo.s an a.lo.rm and i11c1ie;n.P.tion in the Nati on v11lich ,....ns never bc:t:orc wi·!,nc•ssed . The �- 5G7 .... j_n th-0 atlv-anoed t;:,iu:cd o:f tl10 nifin-0-e~s, oymr1a.ti.h~inc- w:J.-Mi tho l!'roo- ocllo:.•s , bu:b con:tinint; LJ.jrJ, t~r:rtic.n to K.')n·t;u.~ky ; ~·or.o- oot ion . of Toenmseh, ru:.d 'be n ~~<, nor-·tn, ·;cil :ro:r Viae- Prc·!.~ident o:f ·i;J1c Unitod St~tor; on tlH) :i:k oc:r.'tt.tJ.c r:dclo~ Ho n;.;1.s c.lto- In 1845 thc1y wo1·0 of::cc·lri vo in over t hrowing {;ho 'l'Ri:m AiIF'.iRIGAfi o:n t1w 18th of Anf,'n fJi: . om:l:n(}nt rth.igs , e.11<.1 as:kod. 1d.n(1 J.y to pco·n:te .. a.iucontinn.o th!J slr::~ or-;J Thooo ni-omir.,cr· ~.oro no· v, :n tulJq the~v 1:.rar.-0 hnaccl u.poi1 t11c hiehc 01: r,on i ,il:i.t:.lcs.., Bat I d0olin0d (>J.1 eorI- promiso, e.:nu ·tooa by my colors to the lost . Th0 �- 068 - s ince ~ s I hrwo s~ic1 , ::;o"G in ; tm.t nfJ\'.' lct1.di:r1~· pclit;.:i.cdn.n.r:, bogro1 to f:~ 11 J:nto th) r,-nkn of t11t1 :f.'01101.;01•8 of .Jo'.h:t~ Jo~h.nn Gi .,<i:i.l1r.::-s , :rho • t i H. Bontou, .1ohn c . F'.l'.'ornm1t , G.. *Jr>..cn'h i .or l t·! Fm-:o.rO.,. Unitc(1 ~;t•,·toP , enntr,r i\.• w. ii· .!,Uuhir;,:r-n. , 11{;.rGY! 111) tllt➔ ~.tc.t.1.c.r~ oi ~ J1c :~irct o 1:r..":ont:l on v:C ·t.Lo T1c1:lcbJ.icnn pr..-,:-t;;r i.n 1Hf>•1·, ;:,.n d i 21 fwici to hnvo :i.vc ·i <'I H 3or.. •. W.P.;: <,,....,.,.,., t ] onl JlA,~,,n~.,,. - 1'•, .; ..,._ ,:.,-,, ~w "" .s..a.<... -=-, ,._ i' u -r~"..f•c· .d... .,,.. v ,...n· ·lr1 .... .;.J,._ 'L. _ "- ;.i,:•l • ... u ..\. _ ._., ,.,.;v tl O GiviJ. ('01,re:t.·l'l!''o:at oi ,~no U:i1i tcd qtc.t(,s 1 n '!"\").r::o 248 ; 2n d ed. by J',:.:-11]£1::.'!n. , t:tltl. Ap:pl oton 1u C~·c.Lop etlif.i. o:C 0 t-1' 1.., l!Jrto •.-· c Ln Biocr~w,y . -~o irumon se 3'Jt ----------~ :i.~J1cc~ j The v .1.( l ane a a e;a.i nst /\ ·tho ~,lav-r,---J;)om~r in t.hc lTort'h ~,:1 n ,, .r o l e:c•t 1oes "" E . 13-. J:ovcj oy 11 a.s ,;•;~1£! ~ k l l l ed ,, mon we:1:0 1m1:i.-dorod ut ·11bl )c moei;inr;a ; ·whi fust O,. ? M~~:to:n , t hon o DcraDcl'nt , :::nd ~hor:12e Jl ,. E.c:nd.ri cks v;ero o i.r most I llinois . �-,69 Ill_j_noin. i ll 18£,G . * *Mr. Linc oln ,w.n ·:~110:n 3cr_1u.1..intccl ··;it11 j,tr .. Clay ' f; c r•.roer . As ,,u.rly es .1-·obru, ry 1 , 1848 , i:n a let·ter to l'lnh ~ ' H0.rndon, he sr...ys rrith rofoy•e:rice to Eajor J ain<H:1 , nTho la, t cr , 1ih:J history of w· o~~e ci.:rrtu:.i'.'e with Ca.osi us Cl,~• you. ~1011 1-now, n etc • ~~- >'•*-' ,· Vol. B, J.1 • :i.10 , Lj_fe a nd rloi"ks o:f Aorf-~ham Jd:ncoln, Ou.x:cen-t lI . L:i..to1· 0.ture od; 1907 . Re:r.e I h1e.a o my S.J?I10 i_n-t;men t i'.t -the ,n.p it aJ:; h1rh ~ wl on tho hour arrlvod , like at :t?r·-nk:.fort , Kentucky tho doors v;ore r:.:nd 1.;he so la~·ge CJ'.'OU(.l illll.00ll$0 . t1. Thi.:J mc:n , 'i'7h0 was to fill l'.lff!;c<l :-;rpace :ln tho world ' s histo1·y . ·was t.ho11 com1?ara.- ·~i-.-el y un1mo-..m" procttcinr,; lew qaiotly et Surinr-·:fielc1 \"7i tb h:ls asoociat<' , Q. II . Drovminc .. They sat 1far the trees . Ub.ittllnr sticiks , ,1s ho la:., u:n ·bno i..-u.rf'. LtnooJ.n long . U11£nin.l.:v· :l.'ol"r.• , rim1 Jri.s over :md arid ]'01'.lely :foce . his own po:r~-rnn , to tl10 de; rE-H'.;.~in r.· inf1ro:nao u1, on a ll tho rt.ces . All m.v v,oar y t-::..i"'ld o~: Ho , t,la.vE:n·y secmin3ly pr o:i..':i. tloss spoee;hcs in Z0ntnclqr , in the 1:?rovi<.'lonce (Jf (.}od , fel l li ke seed Bown in coo,1 g-:r.01mcl ; .?:nd . v.hon t1u.1 dr.y of :rEto co.n1e , '.ihothc:r the gcllant f-Jt~to sJ1oolo.. do&lare for Union or B)(eees sion, she s to ::.,a. i riprogn:::ible for. tho Union of 0ru:· i a t h cri.. So I fl :.:ttor 1rr.yself, r;110n Lincoln li! tencd to my antm[l.ted appon.ls for univ(~:rsa.1 1iber-ty :fo:t· moro t 11r;1.Ji tv..o hou:ro , thut I sov;ecl there At nll events , he 11.l"' ( ceod w,,::.ch in dne ti, o bore fruit . \'lt?..G cv01· k i no. rm~l cor.i..i::ldential .. ith mo ; and t o the dey of h:1.n doc.th , there n ovel' wo.s en m1f':l!i:end1y wor d or thougl1t b 0tv1een us ._ I j �- 370 - ',.~,-l'l00Chl 1.• tl O- ·ro,,~1.1"" l.• '· -ti.)1.""":1'c·.Pt1 "-'-. - v """' Cl;1 w~ 0 ..1. _N,'1)•.· ·v· ,t,•. - ' r. - •.• 0, .;,,. ~~ ., pl·L cod ",J I =h·i h - I,; corn c~10 J.J. o~t t1--c ceirn.n Onue. in 'i ashi.nr,iion , :,;.ftcr ho vws P ,.•o~idont, in :i'1ilo1it-·.r oi' S~l tl~n Ul1ion; r.,n, e •-.c:r.~;on, oitilcr e:i.7.il or m:U.j.i;e.17 , to uft,D:r he, 2·in 1 t'11 ·uh· t: \1i.-lJ s~.ic., ..~:l.1·C'cln me.n co. 1,1 :rm~~ in .uitm:y ::cntoncos . Wo all knO\'t nir.. 1:b,r!oln we,c not learned j:n boo]::.e ; but he hacl ~- hir;hor ca.u.cr.tio!l in cctual l i fo tru:i.n most of' hie cornr,cor o . men of tho I 1Ulvo alr,:ii.. s plnc-el. hin :.::t:i•.Ji; o:r ull tho t:lmo □ 'in co1r..... on :;omrn. Ho ~::e.n ;tct e greet 1 rejector �e. m:J.n fi.ttt"!G. for 1..11e 1oedcrshi!) at u 1;:i. c w., e:n !!l.en di:r ·c.rod ao moo.h ebout th1;1 cndf:l. r;.tr. s::011 nc i;lw !1cf;hcxls of t he v1n:r . n1,l11.'. <'>'i'!"::J·. - .""l ........,o~·"\l ._. .,-., eJ.0 r;,, __ c;.,.,.~ .-:, ,~, _ 7_o..... a,l, •, i n ·L1•"1J~.• ..,,_ <·, •.•, n• J·1-~-\,i. ; ~,l1<J1 ,..,!:'j('< • •C'•) .... .11 0...,.,,.., vov~.- . 1' n•n""' ·l...;) .... ,.;.. :.:.ni'.I. only \7hen i ..; i'mn f,ho dent'h o:f Slc-vor·,y- , OT- t:hG dos.t1: o:r th(; ov1.l8 of s.lt-.vo:t·;r, t we~o jlOii ~yet uo o:nthu~iast:l~ c.n to d-oai 1:-o 1;.o f3'rf':rmlo i:ii1:;h. :i. lis fi:li':.Cic.m.J.:t tes . * b~ ''!Ion Aloxunch1r (Fo:1.. yom:• orn, • rr. ey e 0111:r ~) ,., .. •i "'Xlf :i:10.u "' • •1 -i.. , ·r,;\,~. ·1.·t " , ui) ])f.;COillJJ0 a' ::;~ , St;er)."heno ,. 1800 q i!t;r tlet 1• B:lr : Y 1 -r obllf:.i.ne cmD ·01' t\, r,iy 01101~t noto i n ,ini3t t·r:•1~ci vod, nnd ·or ~•f1 j_c-J1 · loa.0e t 1.cco:rit; m,.y tht:'.nks . I .::ttJ.lJ U}'"(l?"OCi· i:c i.:1ll') _( J,' (:,;(:',O)'ll, 'ft.H'il Ill t-hc countr y i s i n . am1. ·th<~ i'!O i ght o:C tho t•01::: · OAfJildlit:'l on me . Do i;ho '. ·<.'O'l)l(;j of ·'•he ,)!)1.1 f:'t1 't'Of!J.l;y O:t]i,i.)'.!,"i;P..in :fOt'i.:'S t1w t C. Hcpit"hlici:'.u ~1dninint:c··:-.t:i.:. 1 · u,:;nJ.cl , c1 :i.t"-OotJ.y o:r i Y1larootl,.y ~ :i.l-1to1~18J:!O wii;}t the r:il,·.-vof;. O:i.' '.T.J.th i:hmll •·1bout tl)Ct a.laves'? they lio . I ~ i·~1, t·o c1sf··11.ro ym.1 1 ca once ; x~r a frJ.oml , nm) still 0 I hone , not r-~1 ononiy I t}.1.. 1· ii1'.01'0 is no cuuoo :.l..'or r.n.lc'r forrG . '1.n·o Gout h ,·:ould bo in no / mo.re <'.lun g er in tJ1is ro::.rpEict tl"..$ll ~i.t wcs 5.n ~he d~o of .,;~1,l1ingtmn .. I an11por, J p ho• :ever , tl:ts d.oes not me-et tho e r-so . 'Yon. thi11...1t ::;le,\·cr;r io rid1t anu . nr;h't '.o bo oxt<.mil.od, -: hilo :;e t1~1111~ :tt i ~ ,,r c.n" nrnl (:>'UJ:;r:t to l.10 restric·l;ot1. Tltst . I f.'11P! 030 , 1.o 'l;hc };"v.i) . It certainly i o the only c..ar)oia.mtioJ. dli'fo1·011ce 'bot'l.·1c on us . YourG 11e2·y t1""•ly. A .. Linco1n1r �J"l·" ..L. ,1 ·• ·i '"'O. .,,_ ._, ~ b·•.-,·v1- "''00'1 • ~ ~ .. Q..J_ _ ' worcw • .t• :i.f· ncr1:s. A . o:P. tho m:'t.Jl il ~ n.ntl t ho no 11 lo::it. nz-n:"t.r~.ti :ino o;' tho 301.11 , movi ;ae j,J1 t•10 rm.1-r,e d i roct:ton to hi'lmtm t.!..cl1i-vcrecnts ,. t h0 g1•antlcst rosul tz o-f L:i.:ncoJ.n .. o t1ca.th c,nly €!.dded to t;'.ho ero.:nd.on.r of 1,10 ficure ; end., :tn o.11 our 11ie-'ciory. no ma:n -r:ill I �-• A. - Ii T ,r ••• f), >.'! ·' •· in :(o :c irrto ,. nr. .... b J.. to.:J lil C i;} ; , .;. :o. I C 1 ·1. n 11 art 1 :l t:r n conr:t· - ;h ·o .'c illl. ·CO t;1 o O1 . ,O ·-it ::. 01.l. "O '· · l; o·• j• ..J JC 13 1.t .R o . dr:r,0,.1.r·· V :r.k, .. o 0 J,· ncol C • ) ai Ol :l ·~ •l , o:!. Il" i:i1oi o , J 1m h"" ·c 1 o:L' -tto , v:. . t·:. l , .-; . -i t. l V:1.c(..) Pr D0tl..,l..s c · ' cl il'I -~ Cs of I l l ' :n.. · .1. ~ , ·itl I .l. 1, Oh:ic .go . t: I (l J :,lu 1 cl ' · c• .,...i. o c L - �- S?4 hc.-a<YVOl'~ l;o 11£.•1·,:~ :nor"l:ct~~pto tl o 1 .j1 iu.-. o of tht.l i°!.'?nUU.H ,:.HJ.'to·•• •Jf tho L J11.:is-vi lo J"'·U ~!At- G 1J.i:.1ge .!.) . ·e_·nnt:ic~ :Js q . - c. :m 1u:.r1·v ·llcd in n:.". Ci y :ro:• geninr;} ::i:n j ·1~n.lio:n . who HO ,11:>J..y anc !1•· ;:1rt1:, t:oon on m:.r n:l.d.o; c.,..a 11i:.1 o·,·.,,1 nob:r.n nor.~ ml'..mtc . l&e,:en} ~mt)YOr t ho t: J.1:i:r.g ch· l !!" o:C po; ·-'·,, :te· lt:y J.lo·.md. 1 1 :!!'R<"'t THE :rDuISVI IiE .r :m.- rAL ~ 1\r,~:iJ. •1-, 1060 .. CA olUS -~ ·J..ct " f1 °""'--,"t'~ : . C7 .JiY ' S .Al)'.FE,Uz .. :c ", c 'heon i·e 'Ot;~cd. by C. • Cln.;, , a::; o.r ·•ct a / J;:t:Ji::icc a.15.~~e tn him::elf ,-·1a to tru cor.urrdni t;.; . ·';o 1,:,.b.lir;,~ tl·" l."Oll ov.:i.nr· Ull ~a:;_ "i; o 'i·•i c:1.1..,-,·1- -~ it; ~en... o~ t;ho C(nrnty of Lleu.inon . ··, c fcol bo·nnd. in -::onrr5on 1~-..:..'ll11·wss , if not:n1.llf l1ii 1.tor o:L· m,n·c tmc1·cd, ··o compl y r;i 1; h h~. 0 l~~r • c, rNfilO r:t .. • 11 , J•o·. ovc:-..4, ;:;o ~ _•o 1 .:. t"Jtcn, a0 , ·c t ~·u.ct r: 1J P.l'e ·1L.-1; 1 ·~nd ul.i.·• 01~r ' r.; c..:,~·niet:t 11 i ... tml:. :.ou:adcil, ·;:e µ:;.·L-u~i---ic , -.-:i ti t h, b i tf:!;Gi n , t!lr1.t •',he sobo1· , cnl.ichtonod ni th:~n. · o !' ~,-J i e,-.'l".I •,T.J.l:L c:~tin . ._1i_j_f(r t} r, ~1 i.l i;y .!.>:..· :,joct in i t r ve1·y ccnccpt~.0n . T·ho; t'e:!.'t i n ly owe :i ta J,ro -nt 0)..-1i°l;1ct1 c,n to Pt"·i:-;.;o l·,r -:-;:J , t'' ·.011 . :; ,..:I e Go, no11· :e , l '·1· ~ ·,·l o c ~-tr i:n1 f::o £rune i' , <r ,;o:,u.ti n · lt a. w•.11:V :for ..:..., <:.11 t:i.mo t.c cc-n:o . ~•:;•t-i' orm :l t~ m;:tinc1:icp·, -~ tho Ccti:Jc of' 1.·o uLnted. Jiborty hm:e fl.ml OYC~"\'1}·0.:n CI.no... fho bi.liOl'C ~ -~ of c:i'\ i l .i. ~::--."i..ion ~n, oi' noc;i.oty cl.<.1i"l'!r-i.n(l i 1: of t·:1 --.·,r1 .. 11'110 ,_.e c 1 :r 10 no ox{",..~10 1·01· ~ ,,.,Jl n ro jc~1; . rm1e . 1.1 r . 01:.--~ 1~.v scpt•::.·f ~i.iCit h::..I 1.::01:r f:::-0"1 i;he R , io,"1 A'b oli t · 011ita , .. 030 n•,r lt>.Ti '11'.S scmt r·cnt;a Le roocn-'u 1 Gmo:n :11J.c , t he: r 11 :· .:·,•h!\Jl'1 Ylf"rtCOS ,,:y ' ~--r.ocoe(1:b1C":J i.,7 l'{,ar-:i!JOTI Oor:.nty, by n :..i:n.< so fJ!'OU~ rm·1 (\l' ;;-..1ct , ~w1 00 i!'Otl)UC~hrQ,- rJl ,t 't' obo::y mm •; i 1 tv '.?:'CCOBllir.o it . ~ r- -- -- " 0 mi_1: onti ·oly loc ... r.. _.z-01:1 thnso fn-;_(tt:i.c " l 011~· 1u ~ . lfo 11• .:- t:ll!o .... ,lcl :~'"~ ·.,, ,-i_i r•o,;-;nca. thci:.• vi ifS avd tl C. J.' ·trpO!'!C , :10 ll .., col cl!~1:-:9 -liccJ.· i .□ all :·c:"1 <;r:,;3ih.' li1:y io~~· tlwi.• •:ic'i,ion,. He •o-1 i !~ ..~ hir nol J' st:d.l tl;r ·ytcl T•ttrol-;:r f. ?.cpu.1,J icc~a . 1lSJ{ -:u.ch, 1 ---·1 ,...,... -~na on ~ lo-:,,"'., · r•"n no ._J ,,1,. •~· '"'""1'"' 1,:u·,-~snl· · :..... ·1l)•]· 0 f.:'1 r,} ,,u•.._ <.•·· ) t r.1 .........~•1.J..V•f o:r :bJ1 c, Ucmnt · i~ ){.~.on · ilCl t}v.. l1.:.1m . e:nu. c .,kfJ 1;o be lot clomJ . ,w :: v1,1i11c ;;110 co1::i.·<•ct-!.lofi::J · of hi:, ste:to...11cnt , z:h:i.ch ·.e t~J;:o ~;o bo :i.n,liq't11r'\lc , t11c ~ J- :i.ti:,:1 i::1 o. juot o:no , r .ml e rr. :not Uc d€micd. ·: i t11 ut er r~t;h1g . ~.llt"fJ: oc ..·hlc :11!.._ 0 Oll -1 C O !"'.Iii',1?1it;:; mr1 t!.19 S ki.:c . lt will not bo O.o:nic<l h:irn. It cr:.n ~1 t be . It i c -fio u.s td;iie1·l y i.l1m:olliblo tJ, ~ ~ .;r :.i.~e y:ccto.b:.~ 0i t:i~ori o.t :i1ll:·•.O.isc..n heg OYur cni:c-rtei11ed nvf'n ',he t~oi:,~kt-; of donyin.c• 1,im ,:io :rlain u:nd. \tn<1ueAtionr:ihl o 1n~~a~ a. r:lght . '""" trc lon~· \,,.<#- \,o,V J ,II\.: $ - Ill,,; ,- V• -- ., 1 �- 31 5 rnlic.b1o r.,.,·.:i:.:c<:1 ! hf'l•1; i,1lC Rovolu.t:i.t~te.1:·v Co:.1 ittc:c o:, • r rH: on urc r.hmi.t to ! ·oat in RioJ mo11d ~·a.in ;:m ne:i-·f Mone~.y , fa> t; Jre iuto oon·J:i.d.e.r.ctJr.n r:b; e.1•c to llC pt·osnrib e d ~ t">..lH.; 11, vinr ,mrtc:1:s1; c;od t!1:..1.t I on1 · ooc£..11od. ti,o:i.1· clen;m('1 o.t-toT1 Jo.st Tncs-dt y by li. n~·iall mn~rority,. O..ilt~ i;h·1i; J. f.\ 47- &.irl l:io be oOm"ld eel on ;_ 1 "l)'\1""-'0"t f 0~,J.. t1,·'L'' v•,v•="" o-? ,..,,,..k1·nc -n.,, ~r . ~J.-.., •• l· ... r·~o..... ;i.,.,, f I ,\........... J)r Cttout r•:nc dt•'f,:lntio - -c v; , .ld r,-t·o tly :rrcfor l-.7aya to r:torr '!p,. 1"W UN hl."-CJ:~• re.co t0 rue(•• rml t~rn:i:-e r!UJ-i{A..llf do:te:nse ; hnt , c.s ::c.'J."ionoe ht!.;,-e :L-i· i 1f..;ed c:n my ~n,oiding any p1-1;,t em.H, !hor "J e0n:t1.ict • l JteJ li t<' their wi.8hes , 1 fJ f. i.rf:lt ·nlnc.o , P.nd m.eko thi s wrjL +.ten n1r)Cf.!J. . In I , r.G (- ±roe , J·.;it,Nl uf t::>. Co ~;tita-t;i ru.:J. Oorr_ onv;col".;h , moot r.~ole--unly I'J..'(;i';os't i~.c"il18ti ::,:r:y rowt::~• on c-a:rth bu.ij -1,1,c lcral encl l.'Of:'n.lc.J:·ly li,.matiiintod t::u.t1H,l'.i;t'i.cc <.6..' ~ culmtr,y- t0 dec:;in.{) in o:n,,v 11m:nn02.· n.~,on ~i t•11:r.o . l ibor ty 1 o:i:· })!'(}l')er ty ~" I rc..go.1.·d • a.l l i1"!1iartial rnon r.rill 1·ege.rd , hiln ns the ,·:o•cf:l•t: eno~ o:f true liho:r-ty \.7 ho £1.<HJn:i.nacoo :b1 ri1iy tu:r..n :p r. 1.titJn on tlro !lax"t; of' a:ny mo.:n o:.- ~:ot oi .r:.if:~" , of ~;he o,'J~·c:..·c;lg:r1 2Jot.er of. tho- !"lt· to . If (''1 0l'':,r mc..n ;tn riI- <.U.f·on ,, a· : ..-...s.~ont to t} e nnt1XJ?l~ticm, i -t li'<.)~1 .. (1 he l"llmo t·tw leoG !;1.;i1 ffO"ortJ 1·u~ of tho Const:i t u:t:i.{m : r;l• :l<'!'l c~:n >o t~n.n,tlJ.od, aoJli urd<lc , cr.~.nt: ocl, ox· , i~oboi7 od 1,·ri.tJ1 :iJn-p,n-iit-y only 1JJr tho .l.Cf;El repronen/tr:i. ,1v~,, -1. 1;1 1 -1 r,:noy:lc in c ,nvo:nt:i 011 psq_emlbed. But . o.ccord.:u1r t:o 1:}v~ b10\'.11 ·fnots, btt1; !.ibo1.tb '-• fourth of Et :4 J_;."4,{;.4.., y 't,.-~ ...-~ V ./.., ~ 0 1,h;.,.c;:...,....;,L,I - , -L(,;,ii;.l-io t, tho connt • tii'-1.H~<l i.iho 11.J.pc·r.~ p:!:otosti'l:lg ng:'.>i."'i'l. c t1lC i10ct1~incs rmc, ''..t.:d;tor o:f tht; H:f:o. '1<.v•l t 7.,oli~:ionict::-rr ~ov ~ ,'.in.hn G. Fee :-:.>,n:1 ot1tors . Anl1 it ;.a well kaovm thct a vr;1!.":f l~re·o mu-1ht 1.· of tllo~c :: if;ili ns tl'n;!.t po.per \7ore er,.? r·,.:c ·1.ttio:r•l·ir OJ?nOL":ed to OZ"£:/ o t;l1or ""v}i~•.n 'l.0.r--:t1il p:r.nceodin::--n ar ni)aoi"·· thcGc v.nl1gRPY mo:n, u orncn , and-... ch, J.dr\,n,. f,o thcJ; ~',o 1J o1n.i-n:it: e-o ha-." not ·tho show of unthorit;y ,, tl·r~e--:fo·U'thc o.. ' i:~u3 ,~01.n:.:t~y h~..vi11c nl)~olntc,ly 1..·oi\1~eu.. ellldd t 11r•·•o.'iis of hr!.i:l.1r-idtt·t:t::m on the :par t o'f th11 rnc.vo:t·o , 1;o S{noti.on their :lllo;'S1 cct i on . ltut; • "ll~Ying cll t -o:;)c c1)11Gi.flci:i•:.:ttons ,, I do not fom,~ to plee.c1 to yriu vl'l f;~10 (.'.JC?' itr-:: o:r 0£'l.l CO . I f it ,/UO a orj,r1c to :rosit:t ·t;;io ,·iil1 V.!l<.i. ocrt;i n o:l .,tihin ro,;ol,rt i r-n::-.:r. mov ement , T 1.1·v1c ';."loJ: ,1onr- ovon i:ha.t ,, exoept by tho h:i.r;11 ·nor~J 11m.o:r.- of 1.11 cc-.111cs '·. T11J otost ; ~,:i--'trni ni_? to join by i'<n·ec o:.' eJ.•rnt~ i!l. r~ omnnon dofr1ni:a ~ th the exi J.eo . tzy :cea.o ons £t.'.>r Lh.tr~ 01.·<J to 1SG : I 1~e8c r de d the :t' ~o ical dorJ t x•j.nc t11D.:r. nt t~e z-<~ iH n<: law for. ;]lo.very" as m:l ,•.-i :r:ovolTtion~y ., To CLorcy tho -noi;~ncy of ~:•~c Conratitl1:tio-n :.i.:.'ld tli_o n .Lt 1 (l 1.:011tltu1i.~ t70vr.u:.l'llJ.:cnt i}1 o:p1,oei-l:il on to ·r~h,~ oxj.~-:tinr ,·o...-<:rn:.!l01Y!J 11n(i. laY:s : t}JC two ·r1e<WBSDX,y ll1Jl:i.ci-0a ar C juriutl.1.;t;iona .:i:l ·.r'::lch nmot i rnrvito.hl y et 1['.8-f"i C,)lllC :u1to liycj_c"'"'l conflict .. A.nd rrhilst I 0Jil O!)J~oeod t,o :r!., e..Vt7)'J....Y on o.11 !)oasil)J.e ::,1.~ou.ne..:.--: , my 10,re and r.ocp.oct f9:· ":J.rJ 00nntii,.:.tion cn<l my co1tnt r y over:t"idc ull otho:-r: 1 oll~;iccil tJm·1ci.:1orat i 01w . !'ly thc,:,z-y ln.ws , ia ·to :Jo 1.:; t1r. io �'7 .... oclin �- f/'/7 fcolin~ towexd h:?...i . J .i.·e... 1 iE•cl Jlili' ~. l v nld ~rccJ.: :1:rmtl(l t·:i.th h•i.m; thnt I -:;-rn, P.G }.r lj}C\',. u~~-•◊"~d to ~::.i.a _oli ..... ,,l"l ·:r.-::i.uc:.:.p a._• , nd CO\ll( alCt (l"(: ! ct ll, h i m ir:. r..:r:cy- :·....~ ~ 1 mt tiw,t l'!"~ p, .:.·snru:J foo'.L-iJ"J<;'~ ··1t:r.¢ 1~inQ to.,(:~(: ~. ~ 1; ':j'!,~,t I ,u:.<l l'lu"i.i tnlkcu \;1:'.;h the V',;'UJ:d:·l;cc , bu:c I J,«_c.t ht." :i.-t'i .:0hi11r a ~n-..:ko11 :i~"'- tJ:1ei1' n.o:r..;-·rnri11co , c.:n,, . 1~ t l. r:e f<·oli,1 · o.~· ,10:cto.:'ne:mi e.Gl,inst h ·:u ,:t1.s f;i•ct.tor i.:1'&11 o"..-o:i.· er. o.ccow1t of hin :i·o:'t~-:.rn; '"'r! I hopod ::~o;i· i:u :,1 J.1 lea.. c tih ,.,,aJ.i,e :Io·~· iliu t.t'."n s· fety . r.::; ~ll o.c tu r v ..lL the · c .:.i ,lo fi:-1:.t bot\!(H111 1:'..r ..1..riom1c t C he Co ·-i~tc:! , ·oecc: v· o~ J15.r1 ·,1rc~0nco . Ee TOt1<.1..r1wd tht··b' 1'w 11r J. i'cr1.,Y·o '1 :1?.....1~.'."J.i; ··•i.t}, · ': ; 't hn-r ~vo1--; • 1 n 1 r.lJ:1 ij , \,) :nu Cl :i, j.., 01.n • 0:-1\ ic-ti •!lP; :. .n: ':.ut 11 C VOl""J' U.Of.~ l!..-:18 ·' i:._1 ttD-}' • ll ~0Jd11J · J.o~. o o·:. 1 L!ni I ···e:nt ·,:c Kin:.:~t on• r:l o:i::·-c l L ~e.;yecl all :ni() t \7it' U1i:.. ~. :.ioo,ly . . "hilu :J ':1u-1-::c ~ ..... csr.:;.:cc .. j)rr oJ.cJu.e 8.llL• lfor.'1cl'h. oame i1, to ~.oe rno , ime-n I eX-):i:''3Sned :,o S"' .t~ vim•m .. :r. ~·on~ fo.~· Geo . r .. -~1.1pin~ e.n old. h~mL·:ni e~'t;1penion , l;o npo:n.:.. .; f' nl.;·J !I nibh 110 , anc1 l1c.vu a .i..i: iimdly i;c.J.1-r ~ ~ :...· 001.!t J,p ;· hnl< :11r:.tti: 1 • t ms I b.1.t-, he '.7~t' uT') \>.- ~h; Om :mittcu, c:1tl 1 hucl ~otoii. tj10 :r.;~;c-t of it pocce - Pu1..,:c:·.' 7;hon Tony TTUO 2:V{;e~J~oo:. in th; J~i~1:t:1, rs.ie i o 30:i:-au , ,...c I y;a . tolcl ,,. 1 t11cn OX-""bl..dncd to •.11: ,. "1.-.,._,:nh1. j_n ·,;hD 1'11:0.:tfmoa of l:,· . Si: 1fo•,;lnnu., t:.Jl'i i 1~l·;;~,. .::,of!i.:r, ··t;r ,.,:; ole por;it:i.on . 1.~ ho br.d. n ... t .coad 21W 1,•r~>J1>::oi•J,; C'/0011h. I i;ol:1 ~51.1 t}1r.1; ho ...-:.us or1•. <>i' l'. Raval ·t.J. ·1 r.1 Co·, "itoo ; i;hr,,t I G11011lcl net intcricro ·,7i ·.:h ";ho:i.::.· f!.otion i ··J1c;y cc,nfj_:l~a tnci· ::mlven to ·~he OX:-'Y,tloion o:i: tllo :in-:1.1..d t lr;; ; 11 bu"ii., i:l~ i;1to C .J m.i t1;ev ;.-,:~'tuc1toc1 the Rc1m.'iJJ l'· t>.ne on c.1..ccov.nt o_ ,r~.n";iplc. 01- ~it:. -L \'-IC \'.rouHl l o:,:r-1..t m.?:□olvos to 4·110 lt•.st ; ...m£i. :.....1 t: in :~n.cfh dci'cr. trn ·,, c;,J'.L~ shooi; }·iin , Re1 1bon ~'1.mllln;-., , ·~m.•rlll, O!' 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"~'" . dJ..C, '"~'~'L ..!-}i•"\:f• t, ,..._ ., ·1·.. •• 111,c;.,.,a;,.r \. .. _ . _._,.,,., ,.,., Ciotr.tod 1;]1,{, lottc~ c~ li!?-:.1~ o:n to :7tulf'O :1"i old , i7ith ~ a vi...1\'.' b:rinr, al,,.::u, 1J. ~H:i.r , I mq.clc my rom..<i.rkc n-t: "t.i110 cou.rt ....li<m.eo t;o cli :...r i J ~, ·popul~:?.· rntn cl o:f oll nizv.:pr:r~lit:1m:;io11s . :J:ho i't~lr.chood o-1: t.r.~ 1:;holo .. lJ.cc;ntion 1.s £1.J'IJ)E',ron., l> · , hon yon \, ill uee 1}:y' th<' lot ter to Ju..:: co ?iel<l tho.t it i s ua".;cd 011 i;},c 1.3-1;·, ins1mnt - tuo woc..kr-3 ago - ,.. lion ! !lf.".d ne:i.t}>e:t· t. 0(1 n no1· Jr.:no·:1'Ltv.nr:1on, --· t / .r;;:'. 1;0 nox �- 'l'i'IP - no:· 1wcn :"t "°3!"":>..'t'•€:. ~111:•e ?'Qr :ro:d.::i • :r11 tor:.,. . - • 1:J i'ro:;?orc con ci l1f}~;., pm·rdbl:r l1r vo iv· c.'i. o.ny :D1torcr·1.- rr o '.\':it·, , i~ -111.n.t,-ivn:r. ·r,,.. :H.: l:tl•'i·rn o•.1·t jl':Jtj u · l C:'.")Cci'i,:,f_ - :Nm r:i at .l,:., k:v,to11 e id :Ln r.icru on1 1 r;t • cdnosde7·. :in t1,o p:•; ,·n:1nn ,;: G. · ·, --n1d..i1 ro· thJ - tl" ··i; 1 1: l optrnJ · ,1f,.(! ....1Jlf~ j .~ }1<-: i~Jr'.n{ t. O ..n ·r;:ltJ, l!t11s<}n. ,.1oro ±'or ,~cttcc. Jlil,1 ->1 1 f' ;'l.1.i:::·1-'~ -;:n ·,1 ~-· _,. m.m de :o:r.sc " ···o \.-... --~~-.'1 •J ... 'll",I. l• ~ u .,A.U ,1 ·•(.,., ' , .i4 .. ~1 n -,op.1i1. i,~t.'Jlf:1 o:f ll .,l- . .,,, . . .'\ ~~,.. -~,t,'r,·1- I, ~0~•01 1 0•1 V "t &, \. • I,.. \ V • a., I V J ... • ,. (~ r;11 1 1t~r~ ~-~Jii-;.i't:Cl<l i:c, rr,o hy cmo cf tho p ):·t~r ); . 11 I i o ~ ,1. Lr. :,:Q r co y c:L' & le t c.,. 1,rj_t· on to m(i by :.lo~crr: .. :=;~1.c..i.t(1 v.:i ttl JhJ oy, ; ·t,1 1::.i..nr· ·l,)1v H:h.olc r" • 1$'!( of i.;ho il.:i.:" l o.ii.lty, ,;;1},ic·. ni·.i.f,;lnaJ. loi;tcr , ri 0 notl by t·ll'.'~ , 11.Tld. i">y •r • 'Rr.,.·,iJJ.P[rO , ctm br· BOOJ" b <•"1 Jj.n[' 1l•)O'tl 1 ,< : • .1.~cJ • ' 0 . 1860 .. :i.'t1t::.. e c.!,'f;cr·111: t;o r::. 1or.cc O.. ·', Clo:l c.t R:.cht1..1:.rl t;~,>.:J ~':• l J. OWO(l hy t:hc t."'ttel'!JYt o:i.' tho "'C:!ovCJnti, :rier:r Ccnrn:i.tt:co to JdJ.J .l)l!et/t..,· B ~ Pt'Q.cJ· n.T)t ~l~nd.. Ai.'to:r ;1Lni:.c.1·ll'l.f:' ~b~u.1; rnt.JTv"' nor tJ:r. i:n. the 1''! '{10 Sto.teo . v;;1d in n:ncl t;bm.it llf'di~Jon 01,..:r: '·",i • i,l:., ·;,,· :·cd,1.:trY10•i to · llcro~. t ' ,;..-, }'0' • ~;J 0 lt,; l:1.r.; 1 • r (.1 r-'f; to~. ('..l•clf~ tho;:n i70G .. Ir.llllctlintoJ ~I i:hc;y \7(:J.'0 n•_ 11v U•1.r1;y - t::o, c·r of tho J-icvol·,.. l,iow t\ 0 c,mm.:l.i,tnG1'..,c,.r\, t fl.W ;: FUll.S . ::me~..rinf to k :1.11 tnrn· ,. ·} l:r.ovcr :fcauui.1 ih1.1 ,,on·t, i:o C , • • ,.!luy ~1t.l --1::.:~ .e(l , )..'C,~;f:Cti • al.'l ' t , \• i•...O ~ L-11·.. C • at OPCO ,.-allie<1 ll'.ir. ~r.i.B'td' • p.::or, ·ro d an :r.t'l,hcuso for a :.:crt ~ :)oGt.od ~"le' lo:.--...:h~.l t•, 1 [ 1 r:.:Cl n~;ivcls. f'l:nil i unito('i t'!10 coni ntr o:£ trtc . trffirnr t. T:a•'i.e tl,oy c"l..ccJ.in<"Hl to <lo, 0 ,0 ;t.lt·c: i11g t) r t 1:he;r hall 110 {!_1l!=l.i:' :l:'Ol ,1:i.th ~i;~ .. !.l;r11 CJ.tt;Y' ·{;h0n ( ttViiJOQ. n· ~!.O.:f S::ilU. nlc11<1 t(• l 'etm:•·:1 to Washin,tc.m (hHml;ir • 'iiJ:ro i;hoil' :f0!1ll 1)S \ ore 1 l'lltil ho coult1 rierlmpu ccnohtot,;' 110000 ,. Thtu wv.9 (tone on tJ10 i1 0 c 1:<;fi p 11 fc,1, ot-1ino- te •n10 : 1 . '1!11.0.t mIey i.: ,1.i :.~le.:..1u. chm1 d rt~1;111:n to i;lJoir hoties , :-<l1<l nthc t ori"'.h~.wJt bo ln.1.rio<.l" • �._ 370 - ~iu t if 01:.1. . c1· .. 2J:ty cmn rmced fgr"i::f i.o:n • both lo ·1' hr.ill• th o:::i.cnei.e:~ to juutj_ce by ~ ff :i:1w (~ _Vim:ttt oo mo·i; t c.troe<l ·~o ti10 tP:,:•1--c , 6.n:1 <1·· n ,mdod.. .~::. '{; ,·.c.r<~ 1 _r.-c, ei• {liscc:-n·r.;011'f;c0.. rti:.d concludo,1 t, !. ·-:..-r.v Oil t; c ,. ar on t ei:r.~ . i•j vetc nccunnt . :: ·, \ ".!'; c-.1;.:i,'..1."er.t-ly ;r r,-r<,t1<l ti'!aii i; . !". Clriy m,d })!lx·::,3 :: 1 1•1 ·le n,;;•;;, 1:.kc1l <in 1;;._c •!tn o'f. 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' r.:rf: '::!.1 tll!l !'''G ot. toe , ~J ·1" :.:~ Ltccl. --;,:i:l.;h i rni1u-:1:l.t;,7., r o i.:L:. not i ,..~,, J.i.; -;;n~· ::~1 i;of:, o·:• r3t"1cr f1.::sn ~ 1 c , l:Lr"wec1 to -:t• nd o:;.· :£'.:111 ~·.'..!. 0-0 ~ , 1\L v:l:.1J.onco t lmt ..''!°...C.t !. ~t"ikr- f:.v'r co 1ru·e;:ii• ..-1 :;11 ·1.rn ri dr:-?, .1dc;.: ()f Ju. ticc tx,:i.f :c1·r.•c.Hl 11 ·:, ·i.:l!. ·l:t1<.r i ~'bly rro":~J~.1 ~ :fc:' :.:-:fa.1.l ".T'CO;'l' C:i'H)C . ~ .-. '"'!fil'-V:. "vi::l.;--- J•c---,·, ".;11 ~::r:):"orc. , 1;1,, -t.; t]K! ill he ,~ 1uo :b1 i:n111i<"" ·]~~} !'!1--c.·~-.tc, ·i:~•c 3C'1~c r.:r10 .. imt" • ll. ( \ I f 1 .l.e I f_.!1 c:c ; Ric1n l)JJc , ::r-1:c, i co, l8&C . Ct!~'>tain Jr.,n:· ·.01·(;:..:.r., '1cscu:3. j,11c:r , Gcoc-1100. B:r.1tr.o ~rl liu:ntl'l'- C/t;n'tlor1cn : - 'c '1 "'''lu -t:1 ~ bo ··--·~::· o:t t:~1 ·· n.o"Go , ro.ciuoctins y,.m tei ,;or ·3 uo c cGnnon.. ·1.c r.sc 111 a OCl.'iCtv.a <i i : J i ( ' 1.lty; itr t ·w Fc0 ;::.rty i:n ou.e--: coi::.rfiy, ant1 ,;a noot o. crnno:n to .vhitJ tl e1'!! 011.-f.1 ., Your a.ttcn-t-ion to this will much vbJ.i5e & gr.01.1"; ."''1.l'lJT ffC:od. ci ti.7.0-.-,s of thin ccunt;~- - c itir:cnr; \'iho ~::ill r·-crr:~mbei· th~ kinllrcss . �• I - ::.m4 l.:inc:nc•~o . f-ena ·ttrJ c:--~1m'n- ·1ttl l.u r.:.ill. c,m·ta··1 d:--os . l)ntl cYc:.·y th •n nr:co;):,!T.' 1jo 10. f it r .AJ. c:.'>;:1')N1f.h.m a.nu cl -n:..t.~CD t i.:C f.'.J.\V,. ·w:l.l ". be 7,l'C. ,))i;ly }:18:l~j ~ .. Ynnr : . L·im1r;l c . E., S .- If -:.,· kn..,~ r1u·,,- tt1 c. l,.fJlt1 ... , •.e. -1 :ccct ·i~J:o "1 f !JG'!.l. o-t,f ,, r•~ • c.• ~--, ect, P. ,.c .. arris Jf'j. ·;.1. B~ Tru:.ncr I-: . R. otono. :):r•"' .m ~ :r.1.i.l1:i:n.,:--n , r.nrl ol..J1n)..~:1 . t;·_'1'0 0 • 1,J,..,.t,i.- C:'. y ·~r. t:.:t.•, co :'oGcn ;t?.l' 1.;1; ··•o ·hr,. e n,; c110 ·..:c o h:- ~: i.H)E:li !\ecust )med ·to lt)o.d.iug o:... ::-1 co l.ii~ .. f.:, c~n::1 -.1 t•w: :.,cn,J.(1 :1:i.k11 1'0-r 01-1-ti 1')1:0 ·to CO.l'C ,.l :i.S co 1 otont • O r... w. i'LRr1i:m, Tl·,e co Rl:BR (Lc;l(;·j_yllo~ I(.y . , -} p,(1{,f.' t t11iu t11c 1. , . : .._, ~ ...17\i --~.-:-:1., &"< . .:~}!a 1'1<'xi:n !·on ~1 1csi: woro 1 :i~oc.,1y i-i..J jJ~ 1•c.h ... c :n o 1':tt1m .;!ul1e ''t • .1,01 :.i.:: D -- c,,rut , il.:pril , 13GO .. 1.rr..c ·:nh1:~c :·· ·n not :".. :nort.ni.; o: · ·]1('1 ;1r·, o_....b;rn.cto flt{J.~C o/ 1...:J:7'. ir'i -...,hj.rJ', ha;-; 11·cvi1j Joa. :i.:o:z:- c coY1::it((e •e.blo ~p0,.•io,2 J.n -1. '.:1,.,.,_,'.f' (;v:•n{;y, lCcnh~r,cy. 1NKn:r: fo.::::1 loon trai.;.1Jll 13:i:nr~o 1.H56,, ·;J1it; it r.-v.r "'H.··-r. u.nt:L!. -'r;1,, :r~n1; · ,., n+ (" ........ f·i-t• .I. •\-r• ~! ·~·o··-·r c1·1 + ·j 1 1·1'·n £ • ,..•1.,·cv:•,~"'· ·i (' i-".:.J.. Ol"'' " 'C .... ~ J. -- .. L, ...,_ ""~..... V ~.:rn..t uho1.ese1o (';.,f;~'l",)~r;-5. no . i.. ne ,y,• '170 :.i.n1·icl·~ idu. '.ls~ \';ho ·1r!·ofc:Jt: :-a ic.r-:1 n:y!.;:'.-:·~ ~,,;ory or-i:d.one ,. l 1 P,D. 1;oon. r.10,>bocl v:c "Ii ~m..:ily; bni; Ia.st 1,-c:c!c:miJor .-;enn-c 1 f:-;.r.1·1 •e.s .r.esi<':i.nr :i:..l u J lt•.en cP.llotl 1~ereH, n..ifi il:.e rr-cmbc:r.-s oi: vf,·1 rh "l'O no.:i11.J.y :n: iii'\rf':J o:: thr· t-:;t~to , ·:,rc:r~l O'.?>.fJCll ed V ·L'n·• • __, _ ,~,., lY ~--,,_ 'V Q I .. ,\, • ".:t,J. ,,., ,.\.,1.., r V .-\~ \ - .,., ~.., ..., ..... . , ',,t ''-·• 1·i "'' J.J (.:'-' ti .; .,I.• ., u c- ••_,...,t.; f\J.- 'C - -·~·t•1·,,,.. ... 'ot~" ',.;.,_ .•,-~'°"'il'). •• ..... 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J,.I ~ _., ..J- t 1,,1' t..J.- I_: '\, ,A,# V\ ..,L,,4.6 ~:.h.:i. s TTf.1.'3 l °h(' s.i F.:,-nrtl ·for t·.n otho_· ~i."1<1 :,.ioxc Leri,.;n.::, (lcr·.·:m ~i;r:_ti ,J'l "n ;_~ ,. . purt of t~.o p.::·o--:-'.J.c:c-ocy !L'ht}Y ~.:tt Ck()u. 301:oc. c:n iihc ~6th W.\Y of !.'ff.lr.oh; bu.C ~ t'J:-tcr :-, clu:i:i::z-: i:,t- 1~f;_::r~1.o .. ith ch<~ ·,,,,uplo o:C the vill•-.r;e , in 1.-:Jl:i.ch ::rnvort~l uerc v101.mtJO<l ~1 b0tl1 r idr,0., th 'J/ :mro co. :!lOllod t1..~ :.·ot:roat . '.Ronc\:inc ti1c coscult , t'iro or ·threo G.ay::. a:Ctc:n:.~\'7a·r<1, t1wy sueooede<l in ffiOlh �- ...i83 - Gi:s-'.;ro/inr ~ r•1i 1 , t:·H 'r•rnc~t;, of ra.n:::0r; . :::::.wou:-: aeed b7 t},ib itc1,j.r.:,..-orncn1i , th';' ctcr1'1inr;d ~o c:r.r,el , or c:.:ter1",::.n. tc, c vor~ He· 1i)lic·"1 in ";h0 ,:-,::,,i.:,-:ty . I~ !:'';-'-;-Ui"'"•c.:.o o_ ·~L'..J lot:ii,-:n , 'J1r-y r'J1,)l·: ",.::, •.it~1 ;,rue instinct , l,o o · -;.•:i".(r, t1 ~ 11 ...,::-:: ; blo .. at Crz,, ~ llS :1. Clay . ~!he lordl\ l;or:cr .. o.i:· the oru: - th, nonr 1'c1t of the :±'orccti n n-.1i; r:;:il·e c:c :~ r-.t lj::te.ct '·l.?.c li··lltin~· .::-c::i ~h., c loudc t:ia.:1 ,uc~1 :: :ii•n ~?.:J Clay t i ) lrn? 1.,_'l'lOn v;.t-> 2li'3 hoau. tho bol ts of ·01· 0 - :3l~\Vc1·1 v ~nt;cPJ-1e0 . lFs c.( <1::-c:.:io to tho ci ti r;cn~ o-t :tu.die en Count;y \7ac cc.l lcd. fo::.:th l> the ,1:-:ir:-er'°' ii'1· ,·m1;j_111· .J c.r hjm . T:ir. R vol ttil,n:..r~· Com;1lttec su~ in .irn1[·mo:::it on hl~'1 o:r:co , o~ y·: ic,._ occ.,2i on he cncr·.pc Lf.11 a.cno rnc cricnt 11 1 rnwJel;; , e)·ilo o:r. d.oc,th , by o. rn:iAll mo:ority .. The ,Jnb,joc-L \'ID.~l to be recon:~j_uered ~t c:: ..:u1rnegrc T!; rieotinr , · 1, 1 ::.r t he :l.b:~c::i:-:ll :,'10 l.1.dd.1·oo s a:_opocrcd . '.e .:ind it c~l1('C1. rn 11 ApJJec.ln in the ncv:rs:p&pcrs , ,;ut. t;hc boc1y of the (•,• cnimcn ~ rn·o vccl that to be ro. mi:a.nomvr ., It i"' n. rttator1on1; of' the v.rritcr ' s dnsc , e,ondl11.d.:i.n. ·,i.tl r y10:t e_ .,..]': tic ,c 1.!lt11·~ti J1 thEt }1r ,-iJ.:. nrvcrr ::.·r:coErizc rr:1.1."r.. les5 PaJJ'_;__-!, o;~ yie l d to1 t 11c :?evol·..1.i•io:!:1ln:y Cmnni ttce ; 1.ltt t , on tl:o contrary , ~e r,ill fie;ht to th clootl first . Uc •;-inr1 ica.tcs hj.r1mel i from J:"hc acc'i.sc.t·i 'm of 1, v ·n; ar· ~·:.f.:.l"c.ti,:-,n i7i1.h the P.cU.cr-1 Abo:'...l~ie, .itu , b~- \"1.ln 'b-.; ino.l1t, j tt~1.l 1lc tc.Dtinony tho.ii lN not only ro1,ndiatcs ~he•:.!· c1 c.ctri11ca , bt'..t ao·11.nocled t he Re ·•~l)li( n:ne o:L' B0rcv. to rcfuee , liJrn h ·i !'lHel r, to make ~crrirr.on cruoe ·:·i-t 1 : 1nncou , ~ nc.i '-1 r f\s,; :-,ciatc~ of l!['J]son . Thone ·,·c_ t'ol jci-r.L , :t •ppcars , h :.c c cu.use for r ctin? : :=, thoy cl id , t'l :·o; ·et1tcr no:..1 - poli-::ici: 1 a Ct'r 'Jo ·.; 1·ic}1 i"ruo men of all -,n.,~. ics TiilJ rron<~1.,nc o , not only n j',1.st , h1.t·~ P.n. j . 1Jcrcti ·;c one . Cl e.y h: a ?.opnlbican r,n2·0 '1Cl ~;i plc , ~•Ya'l ill not , ".;tereforc , take,.,_... a.r ino i"l d efense o f' "'b lit.lcnitc , 11<.rcvcr muc b be mv.;v rc{rct the violation o:.i:' tho Connti tut ion o.nd .the l a:w::; oi' Kcnt1 w ky in thci: o.rr-· on~; hnt , bcin: e. Re ._ p11bli""n. r co l ( icr , "ll~-.. r:.. h~ro , h~ ,••i 1 fi-::ht , · nd , if neecl be , }_')nris}1 ·1· r1 c:cn.•r, e. ·\o_,u,lj_,..ano !'.nu lfo;) J.1)1:ic1111 1.rincinJ.cs . Tl,1i3 i c hi:) ·poDi·!;ion ; tLhese nrc :i.dc~s \"ihicl he cvo,.:s . . o,u· teli' cr:ztc o:" ini,m ic . tilr·t 1'ic enemies i n Iie,a i ~· on couni'v 7~iJ l n"'vc · 1,n ::rnJ.,, ·t,o l'!lu)~c hi::;1 e martyr to the Eon1..1..bli(;nrt co.use ; lmt \70 :::.re b~ lJO means cure th· t t1wy me.Jr not •·u.cced :in ma1dnr 11in P:cr ..;i<l.ent of tne Uni tcd St fies . Uctico oi' e jectJT1ont rn~y be ,JeTv cd on him t hat hi -:-i1.. not ~ it t·r,e St;o.tc ; · Tlt- it ,7ore to dot~ht "the ma:i1hooa. un(1 o1dv: lry of Kentucky to ::rrrl"'ro:3e that -the R0Yoluti on::.r~ Con:mit tco , t'.:nd t;hcir v..t1J_0!.'cnts , wou ld bo pe r:~ittc,i to s l a;{ l'im . ·,·;e r utl1cr opi ne th~t the Coruni ttcein 0·Lt st·: cm ucve discover od before t hi s time that di~ crct :i on i s the better part of v alor . They have heD.rd the lion ' r ro?..r in 'i:il u1t ./ldd.ress ; and ,·,c ha~o n o doubt it :has h ad c Sf'l utary effect on their deliberat ions . �~86 . de liberc.tions . 1lere Clay i'o rced into '!the no a i tion of oefenqing his co nmon right.s as a c it.i zen , by r.ihyai c al forec , troops of' ·ent ti c:riane , ue have not t he slightest d oubt , ~nd eap~ei a lly of oio old com~anions i-g. n.rms , rrou l i!l'. f'look. 1- to h is aanintanc e . ':'he l al'f , too , and a ll lawabi ding ci ti zen s , would be on .hi s ,1ida , r:nd uuainst the r , volutiona.ry :.t1ob . No , he could not be conquered; bu\t a. d e donstr-o.t.ion n r airiot h i m, 1 li:lte t hat threatened, would v e ry probably □a\c:e ,nim tl1e ff:!VO:!'.'i te of the Chioag@ Uonvention , a d the idol of, tho entire non- ~l a veno l ding popu l ation of the country . 'i'here:fo re , V. "" t.!'1n a~voc u.te o!' the B&tes movement , s YTe ll aa o.d::1irers o f h ie elo quence ~nc:J ab!. li ty , or the I nob l cnass of' bis c~1cr&ctor , and of' his truHt hr-ir\oi\~ life , we lGsire t ha. t he -nay not be mo l es ted . Uould our voice r-'oo.~~ the Hev lut ionary Committee o f ~- di son , WG n-ould ontr0at that Jacobin , '\,?."ibu.'1al t 0 let hi-:n o. lone !'or its mm nake , :for h i s ou'!.'.:e , c.nd fo!' qu ra - - r!lost <.f e.11 , !'or its om1 ; for we F>ntertEl.i!1 t.he notion that such o-t i t o memh& e as shnuld pl'OGGed to execute the" denouncemen t " nould exnerienoe pleroature a.nd t r a.&ie fate . , 1.rut what ehUll be said o f t:he c o v e r nmant an l 6ffS o f 1~antuc11cy? In one of t..he o l de::;t coun ti H:J of t11a.t old u.:id i l uotrious co:".lmoriivoal t h a reign of terror hao prevai l ed t'or months ; mobo racy has tra1:rpl1;\d on the larr s t h 1L1p1mi ty , a nd co ::1-r.:1.i. tted , i n open a y , and t.hrouth t\1e inst.rumento.li t.y of org ami ze d ba.nds , ~)Utrages on r<:: r son and -:-,roport~~ - - 0x.i l i ng t he one , a.nd dea troy in~e other . •~e .ea.ted atta.mpta hav e been r:1£1<ie in ,ti ssouri to dri v0 out f r a~ n egroea ; cut the only oower invoked f'or n\a t purr se m,t8 th(~ l at::,i a:ia ti ve power . In Ken t.uc »-:y they c rivo out 1T!°1i te ~en natives 0 f trie soil,no t only '!ithou t l er;al ;,-urrant , hu t \fith in(' i ··rerence to t he Cons titution a.nd the s ta t utes . \Te have lw,d o. queer t ovarnor i n thia .:;tate , and we have had a queur l~gial e.ture - - - one di ·t.in&u1Rh6d eaually fo r itn inhu1::1e.nit.y a n d its i :Jbsci lity ; but yet WA an taJce some comf'ort by c omparing ourselvo:1 wi th J'..e ntucl::y . r..;ince the end o f the Kanaae dif'fi cult.iae , n..rd ..; lue 1Lod.ge re~ i me, Abo litioni sts uo ,rnl l as .1.,emocrats , .ti.i:ier i c o.n s a.t>d de pub li cane , are per-.ni tted t ~ li v e e.1.oonr,;st us. t"° )(Cept s0.-;1e n f' t \o cou."ltr :, banks, no person or aeeoc ia t ion of pe r sons , end s l ~vah olcers leas t of a ll, i nvo '.:e tho intern oG.i. tion of L yne~: ,jud mE:n t and terro i::.11 . The 'c rimes: of n ngro - ·,tealin1i; is puni,3hed h~I the la.rts, o.nd no t by :obs , iust iJ..i~e ar.:,• o t her l a re enj?. . Al thr-;u SJ;h ~o dare not 11e:1 that t.he e:<"nr9 oai on of e xtc eme tmti - slo.very oninions is tolf rn tec1 i n el 1 N ' r~ s of ieur :ht- to , ye t , exc e!'.)t in the oe.ee of' it r. ,J.illiken,of l·:ir1 -::.vill0 , . . ., J c an r ememher no recrmt c~ ~se o f r-c1~s-ecu t ion, or u t t.emn t at pereecu tior , .for 1 ~oli ti cal opinions o f any :dnd; thO'!£h i t is certa.in 1 fro our laT11,;e, b!!ni 1:.,ration r'or the l a.ot fe ir yea re , thar. eve r y ol1ade '..lf· opinion -.l a rapr ooen teo amon~ out population . r ven the por00 oution o f' · illlik~; , , e beliove , died ou:t" r.·i t-hout pro~ucinG an o vert a ct • .tiisaouri r:iai1 , t~o re f ore , plu.. 1c hcrsel!" by compari s ion with a ·; tate tThich para tc an ~ ;Lle~e. l soci e ty t o d r ive h er nati va clli l d rcn i::>:y fo:roe into exi . , t,:or r'i·Q other oau:'{e than thei r opinions . \ •, ,,.i 1 1 \ (Fro . tJ.e !fo-w Yor\r , orl d . J Another 'T'r!humph fo r F'ree .,peee-h--C. ..t . C,1.c.y Cassius u . Cl ay lfon anothe r victory fo r free opoech , and at ruo\c. a r;ood bloTT in behalf of :~epuhlicuni om, at Rlc}u'lond, entuc k y , t h"' county cent o f uadison Count:, , or· the 4th instant, ( :.pril , l A,ftO ) . t:hi 3 l'far; the d ti:• 01· t he opening of the Count y <Jourt : and e. l a r 6 a rium •er of pr:iop l e were , 01'oourse , ~rosen t fro m t he ~mrr )Und tng cmmtry . ..r. Clay had "1U1) lioly a~1nou.n e ed , t llro ,gh b o th t},e papers i no: •ed at. Rich :;ond, t na t he in tonl~<:d to sneak o,, t h ts occe.r..ion , rP'H1 Lhe su 1 1eot na mucr. c unva::1 .... eci. i n tt.G s treP te . 1'►1e .,tor.., 1ntviol cnt norti o:f' the Hevoluti rmar y Conc.iittoa , ,:G l nam , vVir e for •'lile!'"lc i.nf him . At 0!10 o 'cloclc, -:; . ,~ ., tlw lur-1;,0 cot.:.!"t - hou ,o was ra o -;.,eci to ito ut · 1 1 · most. �~87 . canacity . ~r . Cls.y too-.,. ur, thex ~epub licun platform and read i t, mf_.,.,•ing n o allusion tc t he mob , but g oing on Lo vincii cf.i te t.ha ·,rinclr,les la.i d com~ i n that r l at:!'o rm . Fir.din!!, hi,!l prudent. enou&h t o avoi d h ll'/ r::ier,tion of tne -nob , on r: of t.ht:> r:io et violent of' ::.hem cecla.red thG.t ~r . Clay 1 ' ahould be shot t hrou gh ·the hoa.d . " .l!r . <.;lay sai d ha olai.!!lcd tho name (}qual ri ~h t s a :3 ":"0::-e allorrnd other parti e s,and that he would'' r:lto.nd 9r: fe.11 t here ! " 'T'he cla:aor n..;a..1.nst h i m. C"ln'tinued; but the g r N~t !1l0.'3o cried out : " vo on . 11 * ':'hes& v,ere the ::rten l'fho drove out the Rev . iiohn G. l;'ee , and forty othe ra , rro,..i Berea , H. Cuv1muugh lfe..1 a.f't01nrard n:lot,th r ough a T"ri n dor:r i n hi o otrn hoU f10 , :>.r:tl ;;1 lle d . The Ki alave - nowr--r <1e.s a.s vio l ent the?: as e ve r bef'ore . - C . l "<f-15 . r.: r. Cl r-.v t hen a&ic.i: 11 ven t l eoen , I see wlla-!; you .-~x at-e :::.ft e r. If noth i !'1g but. e. fi ght rri ll do you , 'ITO a.re r e ady f or you . ' iorr tr:1 i t . Shall I spee.k, ci-c.izens , o r- not?n Yes ,yea; go on" , na.s the t'(')sponse froo t ho g r ea t maj ority of the <}ro«d . A dozen voices cried out : " n o, ne . '' 'I'o which .ur . Cl ay r e ..~lied : '' 'rtlon GO ou t" , (.· r eat ar,plauae , )if you do not ,,ant to hear! '' And t hey ~ent out ~co::mlote l y f ni l(~O 'ln t.heir a ttemp t at assassination . 1...r . Cla:✓ made a s troni~ epeech , whic h told 1ith 1;;.reat effec t unon th e large audionee . ~a.n y " lml oni' raen , "fE' are t old , dec lared frir Lincoln t ha.t day . Our Re"Oub.lican frien ds there are in ,;ooc~ sni:r;its . "!i\hey oe.y the cc.u cw ia l) r'Ot,rressin g ; and that -r.he t it.1c::1 i s not far p.istan\ nhen :.:entuoit"y will not only tole!'ata :t"i~ee sneech . but -:iill rapg.e }J~f\r.elf' on th~ ri gh t s ide . * ' w ,:• -:-m.~ 11{l3tt tueky ,lan• ~ 1 :t rom C&.ee±'l.i8 -liET-6l ay , dat:.ed April :"rd, e:,1,ldr0ssed ~o a gent l erae..n of' this city , e;iveo the fo llowin~ a ccount of the \ A l ette-r troub l e~:; e.t 9o rea : t " ~,i y <lear B- ----- : 1 r1rite now t o ;- 1·1e you c h is oryof the , $fr t;oini' on her0 bet~v&en the Gem~cr ats und tho Hcnubli o, no . Let hs ' begin at the bet;in.>:.ing . Aft.e r tha o v e !'t.hrow ~Ci of ,1 lliai."!1 I . , ~-~ailey " s press~and t he &eneral terror i n the 1;>lave : ates , th i l,e,c.ocre.c y t!10ug.h t 1 t a g ood tl :--,e to .~U \.:e e. o lf-38.n awee r>f u.11 the 11 bo:ra.1 elPment here , includin.; ag~a1t:l:f :ne a n d others i n this m:m ~x =mkt¥ county . '!'he fir s t vote e.t t,J~e pub l i c r1oe tir.g included th9 ' Republicans I by name : u pon u. r e - c onsioe. ration as1' 'font 1b1ic e.na' , ,1e r e s truck out, but i n the mrmifa:r.ato l'fe t fe?'.' A den ounced ao ' gui lty \ of orime ,' rrhi c h ought Lo be , but. i (-1 ne t , nur.i tJhable by :i:. w! ':'he 'rurnePs , ny o l d nersonea enorniar. , r,ere preaent , enc ·nade m st inf l a.i:rc:!'.lator ;r speeches, and we r e opposed to ' o l cl ' r..n<l mone.t"e · e !1.en g oin( on t.he Co'TI!nittee, but t·or ' ;/01.lllf; men ' , na!:linF so,116 of y mos t d epper ate ene,niea . The L~er ·ean .:1 were cirivan out , eu nocinr; that I 'ft'OU l d defend the ' RacHco.l e . ' They m1r e (HRa.ppoi nted th they h · t:t.rd I ►1 ad r.:, 1caped; in t.he 1'irs t ir. p luce refuaing to hear i.he u r oposi t i on t o exp el t he Radicals by law , t he Lerialuture tl~en bei ng in session ; b e0auso, \Yha.t was t ho u2c , thr,y said, i vi d ri ,vins; ou t Fee and (,,o~lf.:littee, whi l st I , t h.e e.roh - traitor, wfAA lof t tl\tl a gi - 1 t a t e t ho country? '!'hreats s till oontl.nuinf , 1 thour;ht i t ritsA t o na·,,e m:, t~ofenoe at F r-an 1,fort, in the seat of' go v e.rnl!len t , ana i n th" f'a.ce of tllhe -:-mole De:=1oorati o par ty . .:.t;,· ouoce ;.1 s there ove:"'bore t h en f B .' i'or a nhi l e , ti 11 my n orther:1 tour e.e;ai n go.v e them. , b go.rblecl r•· pe rts , ne w food for action , which mi.ei i n c reased by t he c i rcu lation of my ft'rc.nkfort speech on my r e t u r n home, and the d .i.strlbuti on of ''.'.he Helper bo ok , nhich still more :.,Qvod them . Hanson gav e them ~-t nu c l eu '3 of a ction . He ent.ored Je r eio. , t l1rouf~l i tti chmond, on t'1e ?iU•d. day of !..larch . No t lon&, a t'te r m~r d , the Uo.nni t t eo r.1e r, at tho c.i 1£-;,<.le , ai,ou it a mile from Berea, und den ounced him , c.ud or<l.erod l1i --i t..o l e a.veg hut , .:;.. l though h e wa8 in Here a , t hey n e v (~r l'H mt. thero , but ci3-po:::.· t1 ed. Ranaon r ~tired t o the ,!lountaln s f'o r c. f'ew e e.ys, ana the C.'1ri,bi ttee �re _ or ted hit. 0 1-rr' t i o b~ o . r.nc ur:;;· , !uns n ~ ~o th... o i tor of t.h e- T U E'S( a In --£'u s ed fut th If' i• UE! , l'f n It thci peace . Lod ':n. ·r1 re - en c t e '; --_f_i_r_s..., - - - - -.,.--a. t m tin th wo r --""'-..._---'---,,--,-- ( ·orres ..;...'-'--t;.;.. l _! ' i n me tn the th Bu t y char ote i'h ' entu oky R d i a l e . rom · • ),. . Clay . n de c e of t a in innati z tt . ) ,ni t la ll , I'y ., J. ri l 1 , 1 ·r. • ze t te : i - •e e and 't:h e A L tt e r cau - c; , • Cl ay . o in ou t i n e. Hlend . ,J ohn ' ' . ds . ~ ...;;....---- e Re v . de th t r ~ ') . t. b e �389 . I ~ my Arpeal . •ty suggestion the.t t he Haoica.lF< shoula not be mobbed , but made re a nonsible only to the la.,r:; , rms1 not r.:iade in a A. iri t of' en"!"ii t y --bu t of sy:npa -chy . Judge Deni e l ure ck, l!:i te of' the Sunr ome Cour t of' Kentuoky , advoee.ted t.he same policy ---a l l norr O.f'rea that i t woul d hav<:: been best fnr the honor and aafoty of the S ta.te of .,entue'lcy , and al so fo r the exi l es . 1,4r . Fee erroneously think i ng that I c~~ huve oaved h i:n f'rom h i ~ fs.te , ne.turally feele eorJewhrn sore a r ainat me . '"'hat nill rrear off after a.while . I have a l n:ay 3 e.equi ttAd hi □ of' a cJe a i ro for insubordination a n d irnn.u"'rection t1·.1ont~ slaves , but -chf,n most of hie par ty he.ve such deaire . The Pr incipia., the llew York n re:an , co.nno t t'ind wor do 3ev0re enou.-t~h to clonounce :.ic , be cause I nppo~e ~, ervi 10 Insurrec tio~1 !. I forer-.Hl.r years a r;o that ~ r . Fee YJoulcl inev itably be surrounded a.t lain. by ouch r.ien , and t hat lie rtould e.11 be p r"}cipita.ted in t o a. c ommon :r.··uin, unloss we cut loo s 0 f' r o:n them . It ,ra.•J in no spiri t of unkindnees , then , l1hen I fel t i t my h i ghest cut~, to t:1.y~elf , oy f r iends and .n!r 0011n try , to" denounc e " !_ha w110le doctrine . I re&re t t hat my o l d corarado should ho.vo thou.J6ht i t hi3 duty to atter:1Pt to 111a~e out a. c ase of' inconsi stency a f ainat ~e . ri:'he onlJ~ cho.nr~e of onini on I recollect sinc e my youth , upon the s l avery ciuestion , is t he one c onfesse d in oy l•'ran ld 'o r t spoGoh--- tho.t Con~reas had no poffer to establish ole.ver y -- - the old fre~ aoil ooct r ine , ,(1.ioh 'ffaa incor nor a t ed int o t ile aenubl:lcan p l e.tf'or>m o f' 1n5n . Jud&e c.;urti s 1 a r iument i n the LJr ed d co tt case convi nced :!lS of ,-:y orro r, rrhich I e. t once av o,recl t o -r.he 'f)'..lblic . •1;.:1 lee tu!"~ before the ·.1 . e . Church i n Phi ladelphi a was simrily 1~ moral argumi:.nt befo r e Christi~ns , to r@fu te tho idea that ala.very rra a consistent ni th true relie,lon . I n e ed not say to t h e in-:. o llii;ent render that it does not at al l confli«Gt with the duty , o r any aa s ortion of the duty en ~Y nar t , to ohey " t.he powers that ba . '' u:1 c.rt~umen t unon the doctrine, " oncf7 f'ree , alllay~ frce J '' to wl"' ich 1i1. r . FeA e.lluden , ""ris ba.sod u.pon tho fiftr , a,mend>.:vmt .,..,o tho United :3ta.tes Conatitution , r:1;1 err or i n 'l'fh i oh I he.ve alr(!ietdy n.dr.; itted . 1tr . Fee ':';Ji osta t es my argumen t upon T-he ,.fUf i ti ve '1lavo h i 1 1 . I 9laid 11 1 l'His oppooed tQ 1 t , not only upon na.tu.ral r ight, but bec au se I ~ e(l i t , wi t ~1 1:)11.niel :,ebatt¼r, unoonatitu.tional , " n'he porre r to return fu5i ti ve slaver:i beinp; E,., p o11or belonging to the :;ta.tee onl y . nu t a .a tho!"c r.Ao been aree.t di!'forence 0 1· opinion s.,non 0 Republic~ns upon that p<i>int , I would not have the 0!'1ica.go Conventior. r:iak e i t a narty tes t, as quootlona of' far t~reater mornent t..rl ie;h t be therGhy .1 eopar ded. 11r . Ii'ae , in trying to make me out as •nucn a " ilaqioal" af.S 1-linse l f' , I think , t her efo r e , f u ils ut t erly ; but I t=-ust J. ahal l not lode h i s respect 0 !1 that a c coun t . 'f'he l~S.1:1e triinc haa beem ~he hurt.hen of' a avP- r al long erti cles in the P rin cipia., the o r gan o .. the p.ri..rty. 'Ihe edi to r doiee not atte::ipt t o avoid the r:ietho d I hnve 1;s,3d i n sum - mint u-p t he doctr ine t hat " There ia no law fo r alavpry , " but a t-: temn t a t o p r o v e me t o hsva utt t?.red the eP.!":le iz.Qle::tr tnm sent:l.r:1~n t • e.t ----Chi e aeo on- the 4th o f J uly , l R54 . The nta t einent i a ifa.l e e . !ty sp&~Ch was never co rrected by me , but i t i s ryrcscrvecJ accur l\ite l y enough t o ref1.1 t A tha t calumny . u.y argUL1on t l'fe.a 'L htt t lo.us aou. d no t f ~ S r es train its ty r ann --not that i t lac k ed l e.r•e.l sanct i on . u~ wor ds a r e " !legr o ol&.very 1!3 as great ancl absolute 0. ,1es11otl sm as the r1o r ld h as s e en . 'l'he i dea of ma:iring l awa t o regulo.tet ouc h ins ti t u t i on is ~11 hu:.1ou g . 11 Ee r e , l a.l l ucied to both -c.i:~G a biliu\y o f the ma.s t.er to e v ,1.cle th q laws controlling h i s ac tion to11s.rdP.1 \th~ ~-8%Zl ·,. alcv e , and the i r1oo ssibili ty of' the people ;;ia1..ntaini,n g the i r ,0&al r i&hte -rrhere slaver y e:xis t s ---e:.. I have reonon nm, Ti&lnf'ully ' \ ~o al,1je / daily i l lustr ated. \ -,i th re t,ard to the unfortu nate f'<!te o!' tho ne .i r:~o have f'.J lo-Ted Ur . fi'0a into i:>xile : I have nothin£; t o se.y , except 'i r.e.L I have ~ 11 re -· nroo.ch0:; f"o r 1:1.ny on e . I ·r eel that at g r eat eaori~'i c e o'!: a.11 pa:rthl y consider a t iona for all the n r ime of my life , I hnv c unuelfinhl'.V r:vo t · ed wyse l f to the gooc of rn::m~ino., ui t l1out d i stin,c ti\or. of color~ o:rr a.~, + �,.,'30 . r ci p s civi l izat o hich hit th •· u ch ·u , 1oin 0 zzotint f'o -t. , e He Yor'II: , f, ril ~ , l !t' rs . C. 1 • 1 A • ·- i h- you r ey . C gj_ us ion .• !.t . I o ' 8 e , n nu li co r enin nd t t . Cl T. · o , Pr ,.. i ent. �- 391 I ltud ·oecn qrdto int:un:::vbe ··:itJi r; . • Cl,i1.sc . m1 able :::;.rJ.d .,, otot: ir. Go:r:rc:.:.t _i_ -r: t:: 8 L tes •,;1 ·i ch ~.t1;1m1 nc c-: ._ rice o:r iY..vbc • uor·t1cr f;teto~~ , in ·; cst01·a Vire:in:i.a , e.n\• f;ev or al of tho a ~--1<-,.,1· t to "in••l-11·•_.,c,.!.on 1,-n_.., J,1.\.,.. ~J .1. , V-" ..,,..;: Q.a.a.U '.enc}, \·1Jiich ho :mc.l ~lab - d.ocwoe:at , i::J1c1 ~~;Juntl. !'GY c:cif;icinrn . ln ti1i£' 01,cech i i:; '.<:ill i-o gre:nt t;o - a.·· a1J0\(' slaver y , i.f, ,.'C· \,cro to ,):nt ..-,J1or0 we bcg['..Il. . I rcaJ }1 i~1 :·:!_Je,}ch -rc:-1-:·i Ct r~i'ully , :-10r1Lru ---- trnti•, v;s." , it; killed. C.m'le f-J1c1. ;.-l;· •,;i';}, i.o icl noiih:.i.nc; . Th,~ u1·0·,·or ! * 2J1..-0 i'r..--~ :;}.~ P.r.• :.i.L'ont 1 .::1 G...n:.,i-';r ra.'vi n , A-,ril 1 , 1861 . 1 •• " ' .,.. , •• • •• ' • • t· J:1 if-th. :i:110 no lie at Jl··-: .c . i er, aware thnt my viei.•.5 :·ro ·;;in/,tl.la:c , · rn, ·orhr;1s YH, t . '1.:i.ficicnt1;17 oxpJ.cj_:noa.. "·1J1 g ;yntc'1 io b-.iilt u ~o:ri tldt .i.ciou ao u ru1.in.g one , name?Ly , th:_ t we must .Ql!.:2)_&e _t]10 ~ ncei;i(in oofcrc t he i:iu1,;:_ic :i>::2fil-~ .m:rn:.a1._ s.lavery , 01;1 nbout f' le.vory t "Tor· (-·-,rucst i Gn tt}')OJ1Unio11 or Disunion. t:101. · I n ot hc~: ·. orcls , fror:: y•},e,t \'H,mlrl bo T'OJ!i rded. as a �- 392 -- .* party e;_110st i c•n 1 tv mw cf r ~t:riotim1: c.1-· u..:.riic-n . !1 Soc ''J,i· 'p mHl -:-·or1-:G o:f Ii·incc lnnt Vol , ::, , :p. 121 , n J,oti.:£;1':... n , Cu:!·.1.·ont .iJi tt~r a1;1..-::.cc r n.l> . Co . 1~,07 . H. E<.1 \·1e~ Jnll of c onii,lo:r1-:,c: ~ ~ ~ ;0 m.:: 1..1.mc my /\ sn.r!'Ort , '.1.nd nsJ.:o(J "l'!C to fC mid see '.l:hu.·10\·,· Vie9d , s:t 1.llbany, llow Yo:rJ• . Eolidnr- w:t th T:f 1'hn , i•; ncy Acl ::.r·1s , trwt , boliovinc that !;nerc co··ltl ho nc J.i11crty , cycn fo:r- the R~.,;ec, D. rosructn1Jlc ,:,le.. Wl i[ :i:n rii ·scm:i . to their :rc sic.enco at the .,-J lv01· f~Jn<.nt~S , \ii thou.t <'e1·0:no:n;r , mt:UL, i f . I v:cn ..J.d mo.de ~oc.:e:l., ~i o:i.· o:f:' ~ 'rtfior ~·:o.r . l~O'ii , eo IJ.1hey :.nvited. .10 n h!c.ryle.na. , 1:1.:.nt1 , i'o1 13i:.te3 , I sho ld bo :L'c1.· F..enr'J Cl t~ to be. ,w.1~!.C.~~~~.s\: ,Toh:.1 Q .• Adt.m.s , i:n C(m r; i !iCrntj_. :11 cf bcin[; mo.do The truth is , r,ny <:<fo11) 5rn.1,t;i cm o·C mc:n f or de clined to s up·,;ort Bl a i rs . }lj,1·11 . i::. r;ro:-.t .. 1n· or.: c . if th:·t --1.1.1·r-1ose ?or ijhis I l oz-t f:::.vor \7it h tho I conc:tudec.l, ho ove:r , to ro to .AJ.be..:ny • .mu <lid. so ; where I met Thttrlow We ed , t Jic ro:no,·mccl carnJ)- fouowcr . Ho . of course , had been advised. oi my comi ng , and roc eived :me i n ·1 �my irio.Utl, !.:.:lould I ii.ccidc i'.u1· r.-en·cncl: ,;u.i; , ~: To thi~· •i;j10 J. L cl \;c~:><.~ ·tr.lkcd. all 1 o ~ it:1 in iit: •;;i.£ 1:, ! re(luooc some .~o I lcf't cm··~ - fol.l<.r;!!'r ncvc:: ro-'11.od. . Albany u.ncc-mmit;i;,-:.t1 to rn;:, ~ir..eoc 1 3 o:r1(1 . ]!.~ ;h c11 1-r.-:! m: and It 0 11{1 . o, ·fttJ 1. :iB iUlPlem, i.;o a ..· 1y{; Ul) fo ..: himnol t to conto':')t .. It t:~.c ur,·.1 fri.1woln or Brtoc ; cno. , ox i..:vt1-·.-.:o , I •;-:·_:,s L1:ncoln .. ,i. :r:01· *C.AS.. Iau :.. GL.fY ir:.,. . .!) tha.--t. I C( ,_ r Ko:ntuokian ~"id to r.a•:e ir:o·i r.1t d on lfo'"ninutiori . (\ l·.,. ·.,...,,,t-":.I. f 1 I ~~ .c l.-,1.c,.; 0 t, ) (!hic~eo , .l?ob . lo ,19,/f;.Tc,, c:iltl r:h~.1 ~.i c bcli1 70{1.. to be hitl.1e 1•!;0 m1p,1bliuh<'d i.nclc,o ~--,ti ~~-1-cc:rnil1t, tlic yi<::Jj.-+·ico -r1h:l.c1 , ·u.\O Ahi:v.lw. T:L1coJ.:n t j1a :~o ubl ic!'..r.1 J10mine.ticn for Pr.etduont tho :i'h·!•i; t ;.1 o ,•·ore tul u l oro t o- <.lv..y in eJ'J. ~h1ilroos b foro the .1::1.:. ,i1·~ on Club 'by • tc.di c o·u C. Pi-oc t cr . oi' s t . .Joso1 h , • l:l.c-h. , \,tho "!)ol ievco h: colf -'lihe onJy '):1:rvi vin5 TI°'4Eimtoi· x 01 tH·· fH.tn· uu ns:nllt:rnil 11 cH nvonticn .. 1.i1• . :Pruci,c,r au,·c _. t o l'l.C ucn , t ho l t.to Ci S i llC Clay, o.r .Kentt16Jcy, tl.o crcf..it f o1~ furci:nc: tLo n ominati on of Li ncoln O"ttt o:r. u cl1cotic . dir orgnn1! ocl op1 .osi tion to the~ rer1.1.J.n.1.· oei•di.icla·tc f c-,' tl o , runintit i c:c.. Willi&l i:. Sotm.-rd . , of. Ifot/ York. Tl1i0 i H hO\! Clay ' G infl-..-..cco ,•. an 01_0:z-tod , e.L rol~t cd 1Jy ;.1x . ·0 roc to-.c ! =~. �- 3 94 - i 1n -., c ·, ere • 1 lJ)Oll tiC i t; ' 1i n O ~ 0 00 ~ el l of ~dw d Rates , of ·:i - ouri ; he i s <.,1.nd I b e lj_c ve oi10 n :[ he Cwt ? O CG l d ) i0 (L. r. t t r::ol:l., ic . 2.Jl . he :!i.. • Li co l :n i :~ J1 "'.li l acks c::mcr i cnce :i.n ff ir h , :~J ,~ ,, 11.:._1 0 1c .. ro dr1. .1."'i ·, -\_ n ,.· to , . . ,,r, 'n""' ....n·,-.1. _ · . .· ~ ' I co not hcliE~o v e co try " il ~ tr 1st em n s o l rck~ C "in '· ',ori0 jJ 1 r:.ti cn 1 11 i le ..,'-. ;..,. ! afi'<1ir s "0 . .,. J .!. i ' Cs· ''' I Uff -_ . GLAY . n lo i n Ch ic u n •<:w"; of , E'. 0 ~t n.i vjJ ·.mr :' v:f :X::..' 1 , ;., '1 C l'C u..,cd t o ,. Lr()n c The Kon 1l(; ~i .n look (t ::,·· 1 s c t er nly , :'h~ t V O 1..1' l t.1.0!' ! ·J.. m.1 r re, , t l rn~1 in. to on -'- h • t ..1 t . -r y l un d to iJ cd a. Od j.- no 0. of s tr oy 0d. makes C \ 'C C D111I" T-fJ) FOR LI COL • 11 :lo c 11 u o y ou o :nd,rain,. ;- e .Ab:i- kn ow u .., "'nd. v.ntler st , elf' 1LIT ,-.i.Z}) ir Li col n,an ·c :ill p 3h b-ck our Lii7.C0 1n , Gi-· us ho line from t e Ohio i er t o t he Tenne ssee , ~hoe it bo lonf.'. • Gi e o:.: our Uni on u Lineal ' c ·.·ill unite tho ,t ren -t ucce s o to y our sentiment tho Uni on r y a nd brin l egi ons . �395 - lec i cma . Do thir;~ for uo1, pl c~doa. the u:po8kor .•1'ancl we wi ll go bome.~.ncl -:..rq}t1.:cc :Cc,r U1(' eoriflictf.. 11 \lo se.w th:i nrs i\· o'TI a new ~:.ne-lc . rt wa.s no lon[,er a q_uc::.~ti n o:r :t'iffJ1:t;:i.nc ·leYcry, but of s8:vinc the union. Id.noolu wen norninntod. tt i ftm.· A 1~w·,n. . I.:ino ,)J.n no mi n r.:h no ~...n ~~~4tn:.s.:.rrto t:r~s mo111:ionod 1.11 · he ,_:i.~e. t r:i g-wa.ro at Cl'i<.mgo a.:rew j '0rth mtd-1 J;,~:;,••:ri::y ~ il sTo:n',tmcour-:: ;•rpJ.t:.u!:>c fror,1 tl ~ usemb1ed. tqr, "'ihm1~~.u.cl o.-a 'thut of CtXGsius r:t. Cls.y . :·o kno\'1 H; to h~v•J bticn '('Ir r:wna1 1.i; re.i..Vlf'l.1.l to many deJ.cr;aton ·to \7ith1:wltl 1;·1wi1-- votes from him, ~.o a rep·e.r,l for loce.l r-,:nd o1;hc1" conoj.tJ.e-ra.t:i.onD c o1.,;:~ellod them~ t c do. It c.rn.'.P...no•i; he d.cniod. i f th, r.mn:i.fas.t~rtdona o-£ tLo mttlti tut1c f.'.!. ro roiy tesi; , thi't h.n han f?. oi:1•011£."0:r holcl upon tho p :pu.le.i· h of.:rt i,)v•.'ffl., 1\-u: . $'m":erd. In spite of tho r:;tro:nr c onsi derutione o:C ox-poc.l t ~ncy ir1::ic11inf i n r;.:noJvl.l.01.· <li:recti Llll., tit' • CJ.cy rocoivod. :::;. v ote ·jl!hich left him b1:l.+; u .little '..":o:y brh:LwJ. h i s ·,uccoss fttl c umnotito:tt. * , ,.. Jm 1860, lK~ was nrt;eo. £or one ·bt10 br :tl&.o s f or Pror:.ri <lo:n.t , r:.ncl roco:h•o<l. 1 O1-?s vot t. s for Vice ProGi ilont ,. He Wil,S --v ,y{;cd f'OT a J.Co :i.J) 1 856 v..nd in 18 72 for iTioe Prt~~.:tu.cmt . ll. Hed o.11 ,roted 1..0: t llim t!.t t-r,~ nt, :l'.'t \·:hose f'-'J..rst iniyul;)e ct:r.onel y j_n hi ..~ :f.r vor ha i::oiUd i1nd ,)\J.l1ted.:Ly h '.'.'.ve been noMinetocl . l)u.t , }wy;ove2· , seemed to : _-.oquirc not onJ.y an Ji!s.stcrn :?.election :for t:he socond Tl a ce Ol'l the ticket , but i loo a. r1m:n of Dcmoe.ra.tic f.mtededAnts . e.nd one J,):trticnlr-.rly n.c,1opto.ble ( e.o we believe i-b:- . Clay u on.ld htnro bcEm • no l es.s t har, •'"r . liomll.n , bnt for h:lr- loce,tion ) to tho po.1·tins..nn of Tu1 r .. sown.rd . It i s elso wo11 k:nown th, t Glay. \~t:.s p ·c,--l.01'_-od . "uy "rnry mr,.:ny o:f tho poo-ole for t~hG :{ i .r st 1;le,c0 on the 1.;:lokot . Ho hr,n a l):ri5l:t 1loli tic2-l :tntu1... o .. e.rnl wtth tho pr osont , v;o l1r-. c roan on to '.i::-11o; , he is e:ntiroJ.y con te11t ~ hco.rtily nuppo:ct1ns i.,r.e Cl~ico.go :.1or.1inof:!o . C-;i:nc :J.nnat 1. ,, Ge.!:•,ett;e . \'JC.S 7 Me,¥ 23 1 1860 • .,Jf; But J.innoln, bc inc the P:rcoitlentie.1 11om:l:nceP\, it was tl ought ):,ruuont �- 39 6 - pruclent to all.ow Sewa d ' s . f riend• t o nenie t c Vice Presi dent ; ancl , Ham l in , of Maine , bein;; e iforth ern :man , 0,nd "e o.rd ' s .l. r i nd , it as a lso tho1 0 ht be st t o ho1nin te him~ a11d n ot me , of an ,_djo i nine St ._. te . ac; vrn l l c ontent I witb th e r sult; r.n d cntc ed. h e a rtily i nto t he contest . It w wa gener r- lly t clked of at Chic.ago , that I t o b e mo.do Secret ary of ;'is: ; e.na Linco ln himG el f wrot e e also \"Jrote me t o me t o t ha t ef· e ct . lett er urg ing me Et, to c anva ss Indiano f or h i m; YThich I did . Th i s St t e w..,.s then Demm.cratic ; but from a ll -"art s of Kentu cky f or long years , when non- ~1 0.vehol d er s wer e driv en out 1 or the i r op ini ons , they migrat ed mos tl t o Indiana . I sp oke there , a gre a t numb er of Democrat an Cc we r e won over to my c ause . ried Ind i ana :for * c ame t o hear me , - T 1e uprLot was , that we ·. col n ; ~ thi s t11 ( { t<A/ A c orrcsr• ond nt \1r i t o f rom ~ C' Thus , ·when S'"'.v od t he 0l e cti on . * inc ennes . Ind . ~ of an i mro n se ..°ZOJ nb1 i ,an gathe ring in that _ l a ce n11 i ch was a.a.dressed b 8 Cas.., i us . . .! . Cla. • r . CJ.ay was re ce i v e d wi t l1 applause , a.ml m d e a. two ho' .r s ' s pee ch . Om:• c orrespondent r 0marks : T1 numbe1 of pe a le n cr; Emt he.o be en v rious ly estimrt c .from f i v to t en thou sand . It would. cert inl y be esfe to say there wore i i v t onsand . Wh a revolut ion h's taken pl ace her in olitmc s sin0e ' 56 . Thon o. Re 1.blicoo1 i f he c red nything for his po ul ity , h-r dl i da e a en Lls mout h on _ olit ic s , and .ep1 lici:n :no etin ,s , ere rlmos t unt ougM; of . I f Re ublican st ock i n Souther n L d ini os an.a I n l iana c ont i nues to r i c nnti1 noxt · ovemb r, c ... it has ithin t he l ~s t two month~ , th lP g , 0nd Jh t ~owetimes a:pp ear ccl r atl .r ext ...~ ve nnt ma.jorl t i e fo r Ii:lncol n and Hamlin, · 1hich stared e.t us ram tho b ,rB of the :proc e ss i on on aturclay , i ll be re lize d in the ,l ecti on 0tu ns of 11 ext -11 .• :r ; In tho meantime , t h their ho es of empire l ost j_n Li nco l n looke d to l a e-1) 0 er , . ., ho d oen . n .. . . , o.nd in tho ele cti on of ur , o.nu. a Southern Sl " e Confode_a.ti on expanding -n •, ,July 21 , J.860 , todo.y t o J::.o of �- 397 - revolution . I ·wo.0 tho only spoE'...kei· • so f~•.r as I er1 i n;i: or med . who cl.ways prodietm1 ,·m.r jJ1 er se of Democratic do:tov.t ; encl a coo:ptetl th,, icsue . tl1£, :r:c~wonsiblo pot1t to ·,v}d oll pub l ic ~Hmti:no:nt c.nd '.;he P:ro..,i <Lont ht. oolf ]mu. 1'oint oc1 . :r. Tho i~il·nt cnli~ht~t he,Q. of the in1,ri:1to8 l;);60.inot mo t m:J tho 1 n ~>licnti <.}:r. in the ,..-a.sllinc ton j 0u1:vnr,,lo t th.,t I h v.d b en U!)!>Ointou. Mini ster J;'le11ip otont iu.r;.,: to Spein . Sewu t1 m,.d I went; o.t 07'..CO to ··;0,$lliric::;to11. been ir.udc ~ocr et.n.17 o:f: Sta to , ~i :m,Jn C .rncron 1 :fr Ol'." 11;,-,.,.. \, c:,;.&. ' ·Jccaine-r.on , Lincoln 1 s :i':ir;::;t ,;ocroto.r.~· oi' War , :reei,_;no<.'l to nncccd CJ.uy ns :Uni0tor . sn2. was :i.n turn ::nw,· oocletl by Ste.nt on.. ll . Edwo.1.·11 :Sates , q~~!~·:.':1r:e1r - (~cl'fnori;-l , y:lc1oon ·,iel.1~:dA ~.ccreta r y of J -.1 ~,z,,,.,..,7119~tr,;l'g&••\·~ fd!j/<,!J.,t.-('" t he H~vy • ::.:nd C l eb ~ ~ Sni th!\ .Poc;tr.1: sttr-C-011e1"&l . I t?ont ~:::~:-1 1 cl:i'r0ct ly to 1incol:r.. r ncl t ol u :1: 1 I \'iO ld not t !.c 0 opt ..Glie mi s . i on to au old eff ete f Ofer:o.ment liko ,;pe.in; that I hed , at my orm .1::x:r·ene o t",.r111 f'.l:'ea t so.c:ciii.co of money ertcl timo , cm -ve,-sac c1 for :Ci vc· rne.l e..:nd uc;tinc I 'rcf'd..:cnts , ~n<l :u:.ul nov~:c (t~kou. m1 o fic e for 1cyseli' or. rozy fr i end~ ; that I had to l abored f 01· the t irocAcome r.iho:n I c cui ti ecwc:;1t o:f:fico only -~o vindios.to m;;t rinc i :plco ; r.ncl now, r.:"t.noc t'hoy oconcd to havo so mooiy b ett er men the..n !'.ey'cel:c. I oho•tlcl go horno at onoo �r.~.J cr,<J.n f.n.! ~·ie, i:n J.80~,) . 1 'i'eJJ. , wJ-i..e.t td :~ic:c:; t,ern,.ocl much nf1c: ctoa.., · nc oa:1 d ym~ : .o<.1cpt; ? 0 Caidnf'1, 1 .ch. f i l<.o , J ,.cnld m. J. • .DL'.~.-t n . 11e.vil~r· been 1 \, i r c c·c !miu : I trn:i d . oooin; i;ho i1 ..:ir-:.to·c· .PlcnipotcntiLry !!.Dou. for Ir,:.ris ~ nnd C}w.rlP.e O~:; "tiim.1 . ' 1 TLt t ,Jry I d..i.:Qc;()_ at tl10 hou.:c of' E . ~., " Sanfo:."'d, l c.1~gc 1;t •-'i;":r of tl1n r oat l);-;.•or.2in{.;nt :fa~1111'b1iou:ns . Afto?· dinne r , S.:>r.at o.r l:1-d.. D.. BvJ:c r, of 01:•oron , ,:ho 1md beon in !•io:dco t v.kine; me neid.o . u~id he 11.:.1.cl heltl a converso;t t on ,Ji th .:,..11d 'l,'.,wy ,·iou.1.d bo oifenocl 11 thoso mi ':'>t·i ont: I WOl'a g i 'V011 t,O tJ~hor ~, ; ,·10\,.ld. injru.~o t. hr• that Linc,)ln thvught canno , ::ond '.'10Ult1. ffi3 ffO:i.116 'howo I llJ.:e t o do comot hinig t if I possible . to oatiafy mo : und tJdo o.reunont B kc:.· fulfy l:na -tE1.in od. 1Ic oo i c.l : f ive you one of tho "llr . Lincoln h~s not decided n cpt to l)Ot t c yon c1eci_c ; but ce.n not yoi~. orncthine- else tlL t 'l.""i :1 l do ?" :f.il1C1 I t l:cn nri<1 "'..:0 hi m: ft'Rusoi a. i s a �- 399 c'. grov.t :.ncl younr l1rtdon, rmc1~ muot much influence t1~i r e;1·oat cr:islis ; I ·1,ill fO the:re . 11 p, ted. me , tmd SP.id : He seemed to hava antici- "All ri 0 hi; ; e;ct your hc.t , ~~na. v:c v1ill e;o vt once E:tnd sec t:he rre~ic1ont . 11 So oaying, ,1c wont ; ti.nd i'oun,l Jdncoln alone , evidently lookinr for 1w .. \'ihon Baker expln5nod th1.3.~; I y:ould uccor>t the Russ i an mission , Linc on rose uri ; and . takine my hand, St'.id : y ou ; :i-ou :::oliove rJe of g:reat cr1bR.ro.rnmcnt ?" "Cle.;r , I thank Antl so that matter enu.ed.. Roturninf, ~o :iCcnt\•clcy , I mr do irn.1.,t1<:li!"~to arr rngcL•cnts; end ta.1c:i.nc my \,hole frmily , except Gr!Jen Clay , I :cctu.rncd to Wa..<.iliinr ton . Sewn.rd troatod mo with tho t·rcatoBt cooJ.- ncss ; na.vuncet:. me no money, ~ s wo..s u.sue.1 in rmch cirnos , from the trorsury t and gave me nc inntru.ctions , but the simple a.cc·lrntoJ:?of~ cred.cntt£.tls certi:Cy:i.ne my office . I h r<.1 ect ou."t tn li:':'e one oJ" the i'Ien.ltru.est man in tl10 i"est; hau nove·c 1:ivod o.xt;rsvnaa.ntly , +1Uti JuHl devoted oll my meunn and cnorg:i.oe to the accor.:1, linJimont of m,y politicc.l views ~ I now felt extremel y the oold. treatment wllioh I 11Pd recci ved fz-om my ~11_ ios in hoc.rt 01· ho:r1e . I bn-t nbf-ttotl n othine; ·:ihi st I \':e.::.: '7eit:in0 for the insi;ructions which I never r ccei v~ d , tl1c P.t1belJ.ion cu.J l inC1t0fi. in -tho a.est cu.ct i on oi' tho N:: ti0ne.l shi-pB !i:m: t he Chcsapoo.ke , und. the bloodshed of ·t;hc U·· ssPch11setts troops in Bi!ltimore . I hoard. the nows o:f ~he ships ; anc1 , eoing at once to rrry ie.mi lly a.t Willerd ' s , tol ,1 ·1 hem to immcdi~·tcly t:o.ke the omnibus , �- 400- ~-,."'I~··· ,.. 10 •1- .... ,... i.., . ~.4,4 4_•l 1,1_ \.:•.~ ,.,,.,.,d ·t..,..,..,, •.,. ,--,~-~.... ~..0-·1. J -'·•~~u ''O"C),,~a ... j. .J. ,,JI .t.:''- ljJ\ \;1,J, j,.._jl f, l • \.1 1,o C .,, \,.I l.V L'\ V (:\•""I ,1,,,, o:t • ~/~tj C/- ( ft summnry nf C\◊11i!:i.t:J01rn ·j{;~.t1, o:l l ov,:b;i J;r . books . R .. ) lf".t. E'> to r··ct"oni; :it; t,n. i~y pr x·t .. I a,ce])lv ...-y·r.rv·tld::-;e .'rj_ ti yr;,. in yo~t.~: · ov,·.ni"Dnt 1"f~ i net t:,o advf :nce s of 1 11 01r-v-01,y ,::.T,d n.{H,r,ot ism. .. 11 w:i i c:r o:re 1 1~hc ::;crrncs n ow boi.ni.: f•-:'le.:;i;cd j_n CJ.~velr.:ri:' . ·,·110 ::0 .con ~!.:c fi.ndu. fl..n<1 .i:mrrit·:..,11cd :f (n~ ":he ,_1:--:01•,~:i _,e o:f the bi, ,.._N~1- in~t1:rwt:::., c.i HoiJ ;hen J?hilrr:thr o·nhy anil. f1••:t·i•l•i.-."' I. ' \.• J. 11:iYtcd ~ 1 ·in .,.1·'f\, ,,..,..J. ..-: l · V·n o..i• . -.. ~o,-r-~•J ·t,, - , -,4"\. ,. ~ le ~ oi' om· r:·c-::en1..!!c:r. -o-~c,•,-.t1•~•()-..,{\1,. ',.,.... _ .. ..... u ~...... r,~).,.. \.. """•'- t· a:nd. ·t;ho l• ,~;,.,1 ~7,_-,-...1+"'tr!' • ~- ..\>.1.. ...- ~l\.J-. V~J ~~ \. ,., .... ,·i ~) ' , \ . 11 ·t<"!1.. c,,•.•,1•~ •·i •+V.,)./·" ·j• - I ,,, l > r:• ... M ~\~ V.&. ,_ "..1c•ll c>i-1011lo:'0 0a. i;,:, r-;:-our o r~ ::-:1. lg:_ L:.::Ji 1 eoi:lo to n.c-t:v"r , ...r, r·r1~:r , ..,. r; :·lco·· i<"t:.'.t :·1 ~·0~1 thei:-- f'"1tt:J. I ~1,1...,l•e--•"' . ..t:J.._ ...,o '. ._ ·,.,...,-trt '·1 ,,J."'(~ •\.•u i i.,\,,, ... U'\,, • • r, 1 · v ,... lE~.)"mn.,.,cq --:t)" Vv... tli"' \,- 11···1:.··•· '·U-V·1 ~ ..i,; •na.vlJ 1,£"\1 - r i ' ,1nl~l 11 rn a1Js'L.:lt ·.tLvtc.cl th,) Uo ~. (! 1n:-1~· i.tut. i n - tl "-¼ 1· t1, ··11 o-i: :L''llr·i -ves :f:t.·oJ 1,11)0:t· hcl"i.n c r~ r'~11ti· imTOf'n<l -u::po:n -~}.o ~:trd.c.r3 ·:ci.:- t.ccc.,1·c.ing to t1"0 -:.u1h,:,n-<i.f· 0-.Lctn. o · '110 11:S:.., o·.~nt cr o." tl',o 1 ·1: 1.· ·V1- 1.<-..:; ,., ....., •lcr.1· (lo""''· ,,,,_,..._ .v-,. t·n i: J)r·•..,..;,..·1 ,..., ...1.. ....,_.. · ·- 1'«· ,,..,, ~"'' \. ., ... c•1 -t.o V <.,on~·Tn:J,3 , 1ni: bc-cumJ ~ :1.1, ,- iolr~tE:•.:i ~.l L iihc r.~fogu.nrdt3 t'>f .f.roeo.om , jo 1_,r,.n"l('' t ·1 -· ~ 1 re , J.i',o·.c~;~-Y . .. :1<l 1-•r.:rriinoos T ..>1:. o:nl~ r of i,Jm hu.mblo ar1<l h:. t ee!. Airi,1c..;n , ·it·t ,::-vocy :roml ~~o..xon :l.n p ,,,. :uni, rn<1 f 1f.<.lo j ustice r> ru ck0ry :i.n tJ.l i t.· r"rm8 , ~ 1n~ct·nse i t ll,1.m.tlrtcd ti '-.l ►J\l ,.·..i. , 11,. { nl' itcg:r.dle<J. our mn.n1 ood, an:i ''ittcl1 trn to 1)0 on. ·cclvcc s l a.voa , :v,hi<·h r,m: r.no.t.'tcrs J.onr ' in,"c c'toSi[;Jte<l . In e let or to ~Jc 1,1An'Lcr e of tho :Mew Yo~l:: Lgit:11~1.u.ro ,, d.::itocl J0:n. 9 , 1846,_ mere then t h irteen yoa:r.H ri r-o _. I uued '::l:f'::: e wo rds : ui:i:ih :ia in no lont;cr a question vbou.t A:i'ric t l10 - whct1l1e'r t hoy bo 'bor1.sts or men - n. a.ebeto e'bou.t T!l[I.U(Uin phil a:ntru.'ophy/- but '1.!hother ~JC tl,e cif ht.can mi11ions of ,:,1h:ito nen o f 7 thos e s c.ten , nlrn.J.l :)O i'l."'ec mon or sle..veo . u TJ1eso n~·11, 1mon1;o nn1 1 utter~ncos norc uoncu:ncBd es tho most et:r:ocicno nnd f£>J"latical , a ll over ths �- ~01 - ,:, . .-.tlT unon ' t �- _02 -- y or inc; Y "'r 1oosre .. , • O.. Cle ol iµi d , hio i r3 ;ol t bo<li d , etc , Co 1. 1 &c . H. �405 - I find. the :tollo\., :i.nc ffo ing t;h ,::) 1.·onnclr: of tre p r:?.p ors : " TnE m\ ·L'~S lrlOVJ~iJ:BlN~~ . - ' I on~ oi' th3 :B.e.J.timor c :~un , w1~i t c s f ·om i::asr1 in{:'ton, t1;fi · t be Ro, hli':un l eac~·a nu·..:1 r-.br.:i10.or1c1l the .,. .i.·yios c o:f n,J.n in -t;ine; ilb:• ~ iiJ7ar c:i ~. ~r<l hr:i:c 0.0to:rniJ;1cd to 11mr1:t~. to i1!,' .. no:tea , of .uJ.Ot- OUJr::t , (:i..{; P r-c:G:L( ont , Clltl Eenry b e Reed , of J!c:nncylbtmia., aJ'.> Vice Pi'"otdo.e:nt . t he movement i:3 very i1.u1:l\ld1:t; , i n e ya.rt ~ 0enuc , fo:r 1"~. rtiJ:1 , c ongili o.te t}1e OJ.d Id:n0 1 ''higf and the indUf.ltr:i.s.l JYt0roots of ti 10 r dddl o St n.toA . The :pn.1.·por::o of -t:i,e R«:Jp1lb1 io,".n8 ~. u 1:·~.l lJ, "IU,c'l er i;he highly 1.'(:H~r,ect fil.blc <L.:n d:idt~t cs sbo-:e no.mod v. iJ.1 b n 1:r.m;nii'ested s.t i1 rno e-tin n· of 1bro :~(> ublican \fa.tivn:..tl Oo.nmitt('o , w~·lieh j_ ~ t o take ri1c cc ·t;hc rroront rnonthl1 • J k'.r: ovt l'lJ't v/hc1th<. r -t,·1-tfl ahovc c omcs 1 ro-r ~ :friend or o.P nnemy of t1w 1~cp,:c.lJlic on cmir·;-0 ; and h.9.d it, not boe>n e.tt0nrtcd. tr loncl l'i,c "tUtrority of t1H) lln.t i onal Rcp1·olica.n Oor:m.lit-t;oc 7 o:f. \'1l ic h I t>Jn cm0 , to its P>:i.ni c.•tcn" -1,1,..,os eE1, I ono1·ld lmvo pesse d i t in r:-iliimcc .. B-J.t a.s it i s enc of i°I series of atte:mntr::1 o:r. 1~1 ro _,\f' rt of tic_Tel~ i oncy pcl' sc 11 mo:n , t o clcst1•oy/ the -rit:r l i~y of ·tho He~i.u,il:l.co:n catwe, :t -:Jhu'.11 ;;i .,:o i t ;n, p!'~zni nc Jh..,ticn) ,. ~l"ttl , fOi'.' nyeolf 1 ! "ff ndi a. t c :i.tr.-; wh,::,l n t011or. · I n iihf"! f trrt b r:1.. ce . no t •i. ~c:r.oot :f:r!ien.d of t he Ro.. \i lica:n c:$.tlDO..,, 1.;1ou.Lci_ 1 in .i.<1vtnne •. uttonrt to ! ·r.e j11dice t1io r J., .lmc ff:f ,·ny p DDE:l.i,1e. o · ·,J{l i cla A: e o:£ t:im Tfl.l.'"GY . :.:1L1.ch i t. not tl.,., we:;, of justice ~d fe..i:r :rl ~.7 ; ~6. , 1of cf" .~e 0110nc1: • not t J·.0 w1J~v o-£ onnc 0ss ,. ··n· ilc I hav10 t hn · if11etrli :-:-crrr.oct; :for tl10 c-lie.rnctor of .i.Ir . Butes ~ o:r . iooo1.1ri ~ tmd v,011.l<l cbeori'nl J.71 f',,·,w o:rt 1 im j_f. :nm~i11 toc.1- by a Rorl'tbJ.ican c . . ,,voni,io.n t I c ~;nno·I; a1low t ha.t ; l a e laJ.;,s H.:ro to be T.tU.t 11-p e.s s,n-,erio:r to 1;1,0:0 of t~i::• f.8-'thorB of t1"e rerty., '':o ~ 11ow J1 . r1 e.,, e ounl:i.t:v - no r:oi•ei. I k:novr n c-t b~~ r,1,ir.~ .·,;t ri::ctt:y l;h<i 11 Hc· ,u'ilic m'l 10(:'li'O~·s" · 't'..f.fh i 11r--ton ( ·if suer, 1)e t1'1c LJ:· , th , whic11 I disbelieve} vc:nt·t:.1:0 '·" :·.o; ·to c. c'i., it:f: of (v·nci., do:i,es to th<::is~ J.'( er s , t },c rro t>t co l e o:i. the 1,epv.hlica.n pa.l ··t y i i l Cmn ontior PE'f.?mblNl . , nc1t Conwcri, r i c·,c.1 s t -tempt i s nu1; n.or; in 't;hc ;,1.r-;tol•~, of thi~. conntr y , e.nd its succece wo.s .::me h , I t1~1nk , "E,t1 - e.a not- to i11vito e r cnev;al . ~.'heywi ll oj_ cou.t·~·.e hP-v-e snc1: v:ei e-}rt in the Conv on·t:lon e.c 1,:11cir 1 ,{\ h ichto.1 ·,,orth 1 intelJ.iganeo am.l ·, ulJlic ~3ervi,c o ,. ·,t:J.1 .l 01 i.·i1;lc Vr c,;1 -to , am.1 n o more . so far au ·~·i 1li !",:n 'i'i . r-:cw.').r(l i a oonccrnc:cl J I htwo nevoI hc10:n k l. f;} TFr t i aen ; but I lcnou n, t hing i il ni s :_"".ll)r oonal 01" roli ti cal 11:f.'e which -r10·1.l O. not as tm.1.eh ontitJ.n(' hir-1 t o nol u Line Wh=l5 1'..,, fmpport , o.s iftx . :9et00 , m1lei:rn :tt r>O his Re·mtbli mm.i sm . And st 1 • .t:1 J. .L �o. i1 i t i'"' O Pnt ':tte LO · ,r ·t cd t.o it • the t uot c · f i d<id �- 405 - 1711it~1 Eo.ll l Ky. , "De:!. o,·.ho:c 10 . 18GO y,.ni·•· f,·vor: O'.'!. th.' l(\tJ, j 111st . e.dviMine r:1c 0:1 lit",e, t:i.:n; o::..· tJ, r- f·eo1 le O.C- the c: ·, i~ ~l of !n(~i..::·w. tc, t: kc T·lac" o·-1 tJ :: n: i1:i~t . , l.71 <1.et..i· F1:i ~n:1 : r~nt• . :-:::r1:c1 a. ·.:01·...• o. · e~ •J1 cl :ln refe1·cncc ·to i;';ro p cmilinz i~mw of ·tho U•fli.tt"d frt;rit,~s 1:_:ovo.cn1 >1nt, '\':l ich ~ilC;\' pro·,-,oee t ~ con, i(ii.-1L' , is rt cuiWJd . I t l;c. 11:: :~ m ..1m;i.: oin o::.•oly :c'o:r t1.i3 rnc.:rk of y011x nonf:li:-lon ·o :ln !'J,.f ;juclg-1 wrrt ~1•rHi. rri:trj ryt isM . I y i oltl to y""'u1· '.t'e, Post "il1 a , n irit of lmnility ; hnt , I t1·-.ist , \'i:i.t'i1 n 1id11l:i.t;)· t:..rnl u.ncel:.L':.01m,.:mn nht\ch bccono 011c wj '.) kno,,s hoJt mn.oh alJ. }}O:r:son 'i r·•0-~tnoai, i s {1i!a..r-:fod i: . J l a.rif4◊:' ·.1:i.t• tlh' . 1P )"11it ..:.u.c CJ. th:") ,:7Cl'.l''.;s o:Z 01.tl' tiM<'B . Tho :.'i .ro tm-..dd. i1.l noln.ti,)~1 o:i: t:l 1e ~HeI'llr.•)h't o:t t>, uni tod St. u• of .Ar. '!'ic:- t ... koi1 ~v re lcctinr .1~ 1,~ ,.'\~r.-•'ri •1 .. ·r· o o-~i te.1 "c of ii'\10 clcmontn of r.iYili;::~tion - of free i 11<1. i:•10.vo noc:i.c"by of fre edom n,,1 ele. ery - cf He· • lie..,..,.,:: •r,1 P)1(1 denpotic:,m - of f.:-T•:r'ElC'l t,"\ _~tBlit r.•.i .:1. ri:;.lc of f orco in i;hc s~•.r'lt, r ovornr1rmii v;~r, an t 1101.m.ly :, r. ·u· (}O:i:-btio nni ty - HC.G u c.istnrhin,· infJ.110:nce boicrc P..lH~ in i..1,c ·..: ·1:n. ·i;:i. OJ u~ t,10 ... enc ·tl li11i ...n . Thc1:.1t1G ,Joffo:r:oon ent1 ~oc-e r flu.-n·mo.n i:.nc!. .-1-1, the 1cr~aer::: oi tJ·c t,:cu.o du oorncy looked upon thn e dstence of Afriea1i sJ.e:very, r.r rn [ lim, a.n.rl do"-cr 1 ctivc olorno,1t i'l1 <)11.:.· Ru:::., "lie ,. , :n(. '.'EmtJ <.town ·bo i;hei:t' <-1.• vc s fc: rfu1 o-:. t.rt _iA.-- ·v..:~ -.. , .-.11, it :r1?1 .1.O2'C":le0 ll"10n us - \i11 · (:) 1 8£0 , 1:;- -"li:.orc. , .;o y:u--iia v<; itt: inq, rrit:J.c-norl J'Ul~ or I t1.i:Ler r:i. ft.; : 011.ttirm. of t}ll: 4 \ Uni{Jn . ills ' BGfo:::-c i,C c an tipply u ra.nody to t·,·e p11er.011t '\,C l~Uot i.Ul1° 0 i: niai.nt1 the rt:t•l CHlli.t\O:.J oi' i.;1•,o ~ ti1cnce . :i1:ct , t; en .. tLc TJ01.·son~l li-.J0rty bill o c:2 ti, :f::,-co :)t oi. f ~·c 11(r', ~ho cr-n.tJe . Th:: ,;-er:: u.i:~p~.:· :.:.ioni to ef l o...·.. 0f tho :w~TI0 1 i t..L 1 IUT lLLIGRliCF.lR. oftc-1: e. :Ztll r, Vi<"!\"/ o:t: ~;h<' l~·.:.s oi" , 11 17hC froo nt .. :toe m1p1•otwcl. to 1'lv.1lify ·-t)w Fu.ri ti ve <-'l.."'VC' 1 ~·17 , o.d.'!'f:i t th·~:t; 1m:f.; 011?." ,;;ia:,teo lu.:.vc pci.scccl l o.re :i.,, con:t'J.:i.r:t -r·j:t 1 1~},0 -'U£ :i•~ivc ~l,.:..;t: law , t.:.11d , r1c o:. t11cm 2ie.s,1r ehnsottr; , etc.nus 1n a d.oub't;±'nl ;pot ition . ~he intenti1..m cf i:;nr se 1::i.,rs ooems t,) be r. 'i t'.½n1t r ofcronco to tho Fu~iti vo ~lo.vo 1 (-~ ; r..nd of btr~ fov: of thc1 i;o "1nl lify the un- oonot i fa.1·!; i 0n:.:~ 1 \ �.. ,,:o. - �- 4-07 "'zj_th t110 o:--no {.l L~.1.••)("' ! 'll of i;h,J r.:l.ehi;: o:f; 1J1.,}·c-:r:t~ - c·vc:n of t:... '.10...•a.c,: ··lf-l ·e c;i; t -u , 1Y1~t ,-•· "" '""0"'"' ti l t', yl) •Li ~ h'W'O ;d':1;. \rr . .!- ·J.·•.t.'·.,,- 1 811_\) -..., I,.~\;.., . I r.. t}i ,{ · ,;·_ •~ .1.•:.:,-~;i .._,:;111 o ]. " ;- opt~1•p,t o 0111.r.:tcnco a l 1 t,1.0 <"" otton. st o.t c :J t1~a-thi ~o ; r1i-t1, the o.cl,li"(;:i....1~10.:! tle~, h:19 oi' --.;•,oa ti.I.eves ·-.r111or iio1l :fro::-r, P :r-.cica., in t oc-.d of t-i"le hi13h - -nricoo. s·~ ·on ith dyh they c.:;e :rww con:•ollocl t; o 1rn,y of the liorder t-,:lz:.. -vc 0tat c1.:i . 1fow t' 1 ,}w;!., ',11t:,ll ::e ·.ib1 :ie l).l'!S d o ? They can ha:~e "'eace 1);v e,cq1.1 icscjng in .:i.ll the ··ema:n.Gs oi'. i;}•r.· r~ls-vc rower ; :m.t it i~~ r oaee SOJ t> pu..~"> OG €l , f " I 'I ·\ ,I. "· at tho ox_ponce of tho~ qua.lit;">.,. in tho covexw ...ent rxnt·! 10GB Of th-01.1· :l.i 'h0:rty • ThGro :mqr l1r· t,Oiiit;; \7t' O t lika Eso~) 1 r; i'at d.09; . wi~.J. ucco·:?t tho tcn~m:J ; 1 hr TO r..; t <.m l~f h (H2•:n ·uut , I ,. who lib.' hi::-: \ ·o4tf", tho rilltl?ks , ln.1·~ fel 1.. t1w co11~~r, HilJ. par1.: ~)ou~·,; n~r 11--:ro 'tr i'/o cnn bvc :r,~,-,no by rl:lov·j_:n::- tb1 fv orn:r.icnt Ago into t1ir- nolntit)n. L1:r. Lincoln c;:;.:n so:y i11 htc im.:ug11re.1~ ·. l.0t}tn:r i :·:--i,ed :l.'l'.' 017l ~-rf"~ch:.i.nr;to:n 01• Hf1W ~tork. "All -'u11 c,t:P s t.'."" er; v.htel ~ 'tu1<1 by the Ulrt "::n., noir.c ltJ) ~m•~ r kr• 1n~o o;~th of f'lle;r-;itW.c;O tn tho c(r"it~t:I ~:,1.·l;io:r1 of 1ihc Un.:U;cd :itotco of 1•,•,<·• Ii~' ,A c~ .;1"\ ....... ,._11 .....'""('0 ·th'-"~eo·.L "' ·-, 1c·,._ r•1 :i.011 r•1tOO l,O 111.::i.y :pcucedbly fil e off to \',"b. -tc or nc-:-: ctf'i.n:i.tiec; n,r;,;7 a.tiil't1-Ct ,.,,1°·~1 J''..J.I,.;; .!. · cot:\ \,.,... , • ·,v~ .Lt,l• _ I "\ L,.a t::J'l(l : hOf'O t •J i..J ..,_.\~:.. • ...,_.._ • >J .. ~~;.., ~➔tP tos t hem .'' Bui~ lo kn at our r lil :~no , our i''to11.-crt~· j.:r1.a , _ o,1r ::.• i•:0J:'S , our sens , ro...<1 -... r:i::,r 1°(,W 1011 \·, onl( u1.ch s. J'leecE J.as-t . .A.YH: l t'.s-tly , v:ll cr:.1i hcxe ·pc2cc by 1 EltD.:mlin c, m1 ",hri C')"1::,t ttt ti,J '-.nl◄ +:,c ,_::;',\ ·,:; Oi' 0\1..:'' fe:tb.ers) ao i t ":''t~s , is~ r n.,.1 ~~ ! ·w· , r::-i1cl wa.kinr othc2·0 do tho no.:no - a ·J1ot.1<E:" 1 ·:u.1 ClG(•n.:•n 1.13 oo.tety e.t ]J<me and rcsv,)ct a r c.v.d - o. T)O' cc ,;hich ~ ( vri1J oo.tll;i~1w t ho r:2.·:?.ntJ.r.:n~ Jere-:hp!4tt~-t <'i.evolc, •!11011t of civili:,atir•:n vih:i oi1 tl1c1 ·•,.1r,r ( ht'D :wen ; ,-..?1J ,;rLic..-:iJ , I t::·1.:u,t , ·Vi1L .P1·ovicto;)Cf' o:t Go:: (len 'rTi:1 ~.1m.11 ho l<·ngthe1tcd ,,,-:1t ·tiTi;o tJ1~• :fa .r nontmttie e,. wi:1.n: t i!~ S\iOl'Cl Hh0.11 '.,() i;p1:'l'1!'tl :l.r. :;(J ·,: •t ~) ·tin.in,, l1ook ., UlC, the l i on anti. l ar'lb ~;hu.1.L lie do,·m to0 c1,ho:i.• .,. 13~'1.-~ i:.n:~,:po:rn thr, t:irw h.'\s f'.'0ti1c , ·dwn iil1 e ju.et i c e of Gotl ,:fr1f~ll bd no 101'W(J:r' -i:li t1,1,ul(i , c.n,l '·J,c madnet~-s of t;la\nr;, :-.b~.ll see - 0ut 1 t;s m,r. d ost:ruction by e d i ssolui;j_ cn of tho Un l on r,ea.cec.blo or f orcihle - ',i'tct then'? ,1t.l.l 1..0 e-:i.Te f'll :?.~ r:; lor.:t? Not at a ll. Gou ,,;_loo .:t ,. _ .:tton ::,tz: tea [ o - tho;;,- p·o t() i•uin sooner or 1: to-i-. The gr2.i11 :i:.·mting td,,-1.to:1 may t aw:l by us - , i ·.:e llT' i;J1.n t1· ~le.vos ~ 0011.blo at once -tho1r ·,7hol o ·~ 'O}'\orty by tl.c ch,.11ce 0:i: t:1·til1 . rco,1 0::.t~..te ·- b;r ir~1 i f. J.'t•t;io:ri ~net ,-., nit.: 1 .r:~· 01:1 t ho free f:rtatcs tin.<1 i:o:rcj.e, ne:t i r,1s ; or 7 i:C they prefer , k.cop l;he:tr ::.:1~1,.ror-: 't'i tl {;.!,. sai..0 1 I or eror:~ter sec-1.u:i·t;;- in tl•,c future as in the no.st ,_ :.mhjoct:i.nf; the:1.:~ ;:,;vrrl;ci'!l to t}1!", oo onon:i.ev.l lo.ws, 1 �- 4 8 - m- Wii:J '. V~- Yon:c f"1"'i .n · , • Cl"Y . J. , of Go:r: a.on , Est , 'o; o:.,-:,,1.. t;··w • • o- r tl Int if' O, nc oli· , IndLnn . - l... t us �- 409 - I!o\~1r•r' , 11 tri\ ~~~~ n.. def1:rn1•0 i) "CiC, ~y }?•?0:';' ,t'.'-1.Jl• , ., f;I <) f; c;-:: i. ·:,- G ·took f ~~~!):1i!~ t0n ; hl Wt ·i.d11 I * 0'. .'-s} 1.;:;:t;:);ril h '< - . .}(,U1'11t j : f: 0 !.' Llr C-'.,t ui'. tlie a U:!.1 i • ~> ,. ,, v.·c1>·.:, ·;e.r..:n '.i ijol.•- C'(H1 fr1! th"' ncrt1 ·i , •.:1dJ.e t:;111..·.ruu:.J"U f·1C th1"G~to:nod T"l..... lJ. ' •:"" ....:.n•:- -r, Pc: t, - ·--i .-; i:"(' ')( ,"'·, , .. • ',·.11•·--d;r.. ,-,.-• ..., J b ~r ..,. __ tem 1 ,.-!'"':?.'il•· 1?-0 i,)·--i·nox-11 .,..i; vl' c s-n: I. ·,nc.i•t;o1~s ·t"o t · ,3 C, .,i~ . . ..1 '--- .. !l1 ,~::.-- '~. tli~ .,. . ~ ,~.Le;; :~: (,0J.orol, 1'.r·. ·--'~ )Oc' )"1 fc!'-· • •l J.t• ,:hlf. :,}10,:;,., 1Je.:r-lc. l~\),;-_, '~n · ,!,~~ko-L~ ~-.•1~·l1tr~ ; ~...:rr,~ ~~ •.--~ , 1~ ~{··.cJ:tti•J2: •l;c 1,10 · vLL f ... -•c,.., of _0fG..t .:t:'.i cma r:mtod b;,v Gen .. •(.:c:·t t , 1~:..u. .:•~; ~"'_;i •. ,· '·•!u. , 'l}: ·~c -'c' ~:- ,;; ;,, , : 1·., ,"'rttiro ! f'ff;f!'l8 'i'V(' f,,·"'C-0 oft lr) 1,•,.... u0i 't:.l .J;ot;1.o·. o:LiLi .. " 11 T-:-1C' t~. 1••ic•f'~" Cort.: i,r:; 11 , b·- · 0!·~-,~ ! t:-·::c J.n: • 14~ (,,4,1C:• V ...... ..., ,. .._,.. • ). .., ._ ,._, .&. ~_, ,, ._._~, ,,_ • \J .. • .i._..1, ~ ._,_.. .-.,; (ac~a & Co . , 3sr~fo~~ , 1864) , vol . :tf 469- ~·o .. Jl}.> . ~,';t... J.;; h}" ' ' -v•, (: f • ...... v ! .a jui.r~ieo . ot,.::lLil;.; i.n 1..tc.i.'.en..:·0 .. ,JP.Inns ~~"(1re ·.'7n.J n.::.i t,' ai; l:.o t,r;J. .. .,l;y-zel:l: - a t i~i :.i.c.:rri b ottom , :inof.:i; c::f them S o11:t;·nr.?rn01·s . r .. ;-an:.l 1-::-.,.:r:.o ~.-b Thero we~e rumors as s oon no l:;he ehirs were 0tuik , I k11m-.r th:'lt tho \7t:.r there he.d begun, e.nil tJ1 F_·t v:a.s.bi np-t o11 1,vaa tne r,oint of Tho District v.;e,13 in the n iclr;t o:l? the '!~ �- 410 - fitlcrc.t:i.i;-,lly relied n:pon t o ;}oil1 'bhe Son.th , ho:vo ·01l0n PIJ<-' ..._.,.,, i,_.1-, wonHl iiho :i.·uonlt 1m.t for tho -. 1:t:ri oti:~n cf Govorno1· :rf-e-4: Ilieks . br:.cke<l Carroll; of J._._, 11.p by the grer>t r·eniu:::: e.ntl , oral r :rland. 'i'lte .... osBoss:io:n oi tho cc1pi i;a.l the o-.;orth.::o,, o:C :i..rc>e :i.l:st:i.tuiiions . v olun·~ e co1.· s for thl.. (iefenso of Waahin e;·to:.:i. ~h<" troops of tho Governr1(.mt we.re bu:'.; a f:N.tf,n20n--'(:i oi.' th•1 :f'o1"co ln.rge ni., .rnrce, the artil.1.cry ~ y.,p.1-J ~~ rmnt .:,vor t ,. ·~ho cno~w ~ cot t, t 1w}1 in crn?\rr.:.e.:nd in Wns inrton , \'lrl.t~ Gc-ncrf.'J. ol(i, o.n.rl not; trt.dtor , an,1 econ tr.- ur .-\t, e r ol:l.~:i c,o.:J. fo rces i s mi d;r •ton about oath.c being taken .. The cnt TL.11CO to 'tho chv..rch . once a tLes.tor, r;crn ft•om ti10 }w:.11 of tho :t'looi: Hhor e I :t•ocmot~ ; arid ,. r•}lr;n t}10 ::i:'orcc TTS.:J su.ffio iont , t .he r;o 71 ~mJ.co 'l.·:erc o:::·r.:a:i1i zca • v..na. I wo.£ made the c om- mender .. Thio r ecrv.i tin13 wont on e 0ve:ra l df\VE!l , till we h.o.d abottt as oony man e.r.; tho ol cl thee.tor cou .. d hold . One �ll - O clr:-, • I ·1.c.c, 1..l o:nc ~ 1 · ln t; • ;; ~ oo,. ,. t,.10 nt , d. vO O I t . ' 011 r d • C ,J · , . ., Jo~ 1 1. c} t , ke<l r · :ni11e· h.i.FJ hn, ~ ·i 1 }h oo:f . :o h .n ; oo cot , .fi : o• l; , ·. ··1 f"t't'1 u .·1·, I .r ;.1 · i.n ;o t 1 n,J i1 :r ;1 (''J I ... ., ·c, d ' /11 "'-Cl o· .t n v 1·nl a Ylit.~1 r y p i:; ';ol, I t ,,. to cl.. ·I.·1..1... " 1 :U J tlrn , ., ....i(, : . a ou:.:: v:. w cr t"1 . TLt' en on or1r: of f;:t . , 11 :pi,·· -ol-ll._ lls , bE.d-_·o m, ie c□ hut T!! Gov :r· •.n . c ,.1 ;Ji~ 1 t1 a ti. ...,¥ e.ch J ~ ~~> 01 ere n t1.,, -! t ··n ' "· ire"J ,. LI - ' re ')J I .. '" t . O!tf; I c: 11ed f c, r:.~. f, ~ 1 c 'h:-.c e _. j_. ,111 .(• J .t \,Ord · . t C O ,:l!i."-tim 10t ·1 •. · l' c -~ I, on ·o , I iill Ho :-nlJ r.ri,. :y II i !'.'n··• I run n 1. 1 .. ~ a. , -,. '" ,,. .. ·· - V -..,;.O. ,. ):'(l ire • ,cne tl t rr $] iJ1 I 4 ~:.a , en. ill · t no If y tl.O yo, ·J1r 11.,_ }. o: i not ·o j_11c :t e me l j_cw, (l,J'l1, t im<' ,'I '\;"'1 0 in , I ol d. the 1;o t··i;.". e s to be loot . te 1L i'o:raoo in buildine!:C! ; l".:r,<.1 oltl f:lO 0 I d i ried o·" t .c ~i;ron · . oni tio• , i f . tt .ckou • till b' i.n S ,. t:O !)r· v to <;;, , .. a;ring- I ·.-.·ou ... c. corm him 'GO conront i T14c::le l. ly ,ot ,m int t1 11.-1 • t tl o ob c ci; of tl e . obel• ~on , f3.:tlc.1 I 1 n' I ooinf th·t the~ 1,:rore a.ete1 · u.tlionce •it .i .,h 1 'I; 1:~ ur..1. er : i.J'.'0 .:i(! : f1 .• lt tcif1 ~01.t - ht. '·or hi ...~, "- , +.P - ,.._. .,I .., n~ . ., ,}.c:r..., ., ,........ t:.n i 1,0 ' 0 o 11,t110:rie . b11~ cv:.io. I blic t �... 12 i ro ·;.:u 1 oulQ. an".. I - c,·_ · d<le c. 1-..n -i; t } • of._•c ~t of ,h . o.r:i i, ·, 1.'" ln ,n m , :n · .- '.IC. •10.: 1) }- is w .a e. i ,;r. I ,.... 'Ced m!i 1 oy6 o .n in d. ,;1th S i o.rrno" , 1 , 01. c1 • 1tp ,1- he ·:i. e ~e 'O J:'l , .rt m ,n1; . ~~ t) C..1. ,iw I t:ol t l h wrn:1 i c11 00 I l" lC n .10 ly . .. ,., f!-1 r. cl • 'b ( '..i ly 1.l• r. c r e- (.W so: O.l1C1 'ti) O T nf r;.t , om . .. mont ltccl re t - noxt tr; . .,_,-t., to ,1 I L1 ... · 11:- I r:<1 . J .1.0_ t:r i.o:.tono 1 "t . d. , bcl ov J 9 ot 1 l. k:no,m . i' .:11 , •nc~ a. ov.t i,: ' .., ~ clot... ,. d ; i...,,,t:!- ·r :::-t f-o t () n ost · • od to ~oin mi.n , cm 1,, i 03'1 .CC 01 t ti c _ i':rom teer~ ,, Clny ;0 1.~ _ ··rilso . , 1"' er n ia J 10 ' . to the lie. .a - i r,t ~n tl_ , defon'-;e ohil1 · ,; n , to t. i nst ire:i.n.ia . ... 1l/\SJ'I tGTO T. ~✓- i ,1 l r.m o tmn R:KtD- Ut t Jt ; 1't~ url iblo cl . f:l clot tl1P- nif - 1; :n ur 01_ b7 flen d,. as t . C 1' i, o·, ·,· :1 -:t -.l.l~ t t .o t1 ' > ho; ,.:e. ,..-rr . 0 n · 1.mo . r ( j J ""'.f'1.· .. fl µi.m i · c1 c ln,rec , n lEl J' 1J H ar~ 1~ I t1.t t c:. ev . _tl e 1'. T e e. o at Y 1' --~or di ccted y Ovloncl t a t yo· 'Pill ::or o.r:t -ri run·.or , D. c •• 1 1 ,A- 1 1B61 . t :.at C - �- 4!3 c orurf\P..:rid.1.. to ;;he oomrr!a.nclSJJt o:C the !h:vi'· Y :eel , .r o.t' t1 .:: . c rv-ieo , b~: 9 o ' <:lock to- nieht . to l'0.':1,.,in on a:-.1tJ t:U. dr.:'.Y lir;ht . Y,.m wi11 :r.cro 1; to ·L''lw eo;: .. ,JJ.dant o:f tho Uavy Y&rd. fo::.· -:;r:o Gt:.."lK: ees::e:- cer vice. on oo.c ,i micce odi11l: nir.;lit ,,:.: 1, c ro riune t11: I; yonr r c· Jroctii.-0 c ~,r.r:1n11ds ms.y iw.ve 'J'.;011 en1·olled ~ I OJ'!) , 1.:,i_·~, vo:r:y :.t·o:-:pcct. ..:·1illy , yoar oi.>edion.t s ervant . Aes:i.et ~.n-!. A,1 jut ent- General . ~o Gen . .; • 1I. Lrnc , ~nd rej . c • . 1 . Cln.y , r:~s}dnr;!ion. *2 Th1.s i:, tb. (}lerrn,t lr·ncn.r:.ro ul' ' Ob{ ni' yo1tr 1iro- CJ3 very i'r:Lond0 - 1;h 7: jr, t..:traeglij'lf o.r;ainot i;'!ic ct:rc.r-1.11 of · 1..1.blic o:pini011 ,:c wi l l f-"'.J do,a1 like " ~tJElL ..lo~:i " . The Go-ve~!.v:r, fr.:otc-nl X~ .,. i n 1 i.r; lotter roi l c:cu:l;ct· ti10 sr-.r'lo 1do£., \7o rn:.y· r-o do•:;:n a:-J •1 loe;s 1~ bu.:; the Gover no:- , a.s wrbl l o s scnne ot'i~orrl , Bimll lone hav0 c r,.u.ne to ·0mo."ber thct \78 nrc l'1 o·I; •1 tlu.n1b 11 • (l?oot - not c fr .rn t o Greclo. vol . ol 1848 , p . 235 . ) 1 To 1;hi s 1 G011or t•l Ola y in 10~·9, Q.ddcd : 'In 1t161 , \'Jh il:.:;t mc.re 'hi n;· i n Wa.ahi~1r-ton v.t the hend of 1.:he ije CJ.ay B{it c.l lion, a r0,.>el , nooinf a 1;}1l'lall te:r.rior-d.og ly Lng in 1,:i1 1 p-ut t er I lookcu. nt r.1e t and l.',on sir-ni f icantl;y roi11tcd to the- Cogn . / H. joiut com .anrl, to ·:t·ich I objected , e.n my force r;c.~ r ,u .ch l ar~er tL..,·..n lds ; o.n11 , rcferr i11 · to t he solcl. i el't~ t1,cn1<:,elv os . at tho lfe:v·;, Yard . The 1·o'bol s , oo.oinr,· <Jot errr:ir.od mc•-:i:1 o-ppor•·oll to tl•eir m:llitar.,r ,,oui2 . dee.ortou tl o city; a.nd we lwld i t Y:it;hou ., iu:r-thor i:nc:i.dont , koo1ring cmt }iickct s at n :i.glit , and. ":li.r·O.li:ing tl o P,•ef1 i il ent ' s houno •* ~ • .Al l tho i. imo , :f r om 1 &61 to J.8 7 €--, I h v.d bcli e,.rcd t ho.t �- _15 - '" dJ. n t .... rt_ • .. en 1·11 : r.. rivod , l, -· n u..;.c ."::i - ·a h il(ton , I 7i c lded n i GS11 c clic.: l. o ·· or t :i fJJ k i:r..e; my co !'.!l.... :1'01 my of to 1· o •1ngo:r end . eervio WO C t; ,o Lin<'Oln ; 1,i1t1 :p:ro- • cntc hit:: fis t ·t j_,·c_.s •:i. OJ.,. --cnt ~C, ..y , -r y t Lol a a.c an '.orJ i1: - J oo . i~l t.;y fv.rnily, :a.. !-..or my r e Ul"7l :e , ·' s· ', D .?~~:if FOR T • • O.UO O Tl ,LBY (Kt) r: :irJc• . ~ } ~VO tie �( - 416 - tiroo it wou .' (l bo 1r'!011ventent fa:r him to r eceive tl1c ,:;word e.t l is (i\'m i-os t dence ; t,~ w1, ioh n ote '.ho ro1,lied thP.t he W" 'Uld h e ·nlot,se d to see thG e ommi ttoo , rnd ~uch 10-'-:110:c :l'riena as . •i ght be inc'.:!.ineo. to be -r,~c1,aont , on Fr_i day oveni:ne;., ~Tovember 10th. Accoi·cl:inr;ly, on t)Hlt ovon:tng, tho oom1nitteo ; ill c oo:ra.ny \"!it}s a nuinbor o:f.' t ~her fl ntloman , ro:pz.ired t o Capte.:in Clay ' e ::.·csi<.1.ence i n tho country , ~i:m1 , :Cinc1:tng }lj.m :at home . w0ro co:ccl.i a1 1y r f•<sc ivod ., Dr .. A. J . B11rnrun , one of t hE' cmT.unittee , after &<1clreos:lnr, ii fc1;, 1!1t1ndsomo s:n6. O.l)l ro11rir-rtc r eMe.rlcG, r , ferring to tho 1:'orc a s11on dcnc-c t1.,u.ch~ne tho occ a si on , lw.ndccl ·!;he 0lcgs.nt sword to Carte.in Cl}W• It wa.c r e oeived Yt:itli ~r.ot'ieD·I; s i mpli city by the Cnt tt~in, ·who acc.:lm.rod th;;.t he: fol t h:lG }')O O.r sci' vicoo he.d not mcri-tell such a ao .:pJ.imont , and one wticia was r i arcly tond o:r•ed :f.or m1y service except d.i ctingtiiohed cond.n.ot on the battle- fiolcl ., ~omarking t ht t 110 ,·,i-,, t.lu :not ha-vo t:wc o11tot'i. tho m:orrl d id ht-:, not f.'ccl t;ht.!.t • is concluct on t):o oocr !JjJ.m t, e apoc ially r ll11.d e 13. to ·,.ras ri.9-p :fully v- int1 i ct'ted ~~- ~he f rom the xru~licn as1o~ on s of so~o of t l1ose r1ho we re asisociatod u ith him . '.i:he c ··m i.ny \7ore then i nvitoa. t o rer t c.ke o:f a mo~-r~ i:.mnorb m'.ld t o.st y co11atio1l :p:t'oIH'.1r0c'i vJit h oxqnto:tto t aote by eArs . Clay. Aft01• c11 1joyi!1f i t a b1u11.l:2:i1·t1y , wH;h :fine cho er , t h o comyai'"'ly <li fJJ1e1-sed -. - __,_ Hi s fcl lo·.-i· c:iti;$cna have r oi'lcopod 'honor ur,o:n t hemnclves by tht:;5 act of oimple jiiptice t o a bra:c.ro and gr,:l l a:nt mrut, who , i n t he h our o:L' pe-ri ~J . • wh0n a.11 ho!'.xtn were o:ick at t ho r rsopcct o:t e. violen·t doe.th, otoocl ur tn t ho might of ldo [p. .oatnoss and del i vered t hem . It rras 1;1. d i r:;pla:,• of "i;hc loftiest hcro:tt-m, :'lncl c11e.llfm, ·es tho DJ1.mi1•a.t i on of tho vrn rlu . Mny h e lonr l mve i!;o cn~o: the g:rf.tituclo of h is gonorous fr i ends ; and rney 'i hat 13,t•:ord. 110-ver lHs unrihea.thod exccp ·l:; in a c e.11se i7hcro virttte woe.ves tho -r;roath for {;h0 b.r.ow of tho livi!l8 , and ballows the -i§re,ve of' t bo d..011d ," B. This was hn.t one of many tes t i P10nirus from public botl:lca . Th o Logi :..l atl.n·e of ~el'l,iiuc:ky, !.i8,rch 1 ,, 1 8-'1-8 , pnssed c. compli m1:mt v.ry r n:.1 0lution for rriy c1.ef'0:1,so of E11cv.r:m1ei ,m ( soe Col.Lin' o Hi s tory of KontncJ..:y . Vol .. 1 , P • U6 ) . �- 117 - 1 J!.t; t: t'1(l ctin:i:' o:t ,;iy~ o:t.f.:tccra 001 n o•,in.r t1,o L;:11.1.i r.rtillo J,01do11 , 11 01 ,1 o.t t 1 ,c \.ashln£;ton Hall • on Satn~<lny nvcni:t:'c , t11e J.frt;ll tnot . . on .,,otion of Lieu.tonont Cclonal Jo.ieph , .ctco.J.i'.o , the i'cl.1 o,1in3 p~•0f-Jr11)J fl ur.a .CO~~o1ut ion:;; ~ero U.UU5:lt cd : · r-:··iR.AS , v.. o lta:vc iu1<,.e.1.'$tooti. ...GJ1e.t o 1:-;o ~ttera t h::i.r: 'booi'i !, rd.e to ,-J.tEn-· th,, ~1 1.·r.:.n,:_;e: 1onts entered into o.t Cc.mr J.tcdirion., in ,Tnly , 1843 , ).·0.lc,,.i;i,o to tl o onc8Jmment to b-0 11.old nr,e.r ~vcx·:;..ai llco , in July nc.r~ (1845}, a~d to s-u~ersodo Col . On~oiuo ~.!. Ol~w in th·~ COl\:!Jl(')'Kl - in COl10C<:"Uenoo of OT'inio:m:i h<1ld by him on cei,tein r•,:t~Jjccto - t',orofoco , be i t . R-;;: 0 J\f.KD ,. b;i t110 01).:i.co-r:l-'l .Ji' t11c J,ou•ith·j_lla Lee;iOT: ,- l;lmt ' wit}•out concu.rrinz in , or.· (},h C~.1.~Sin[; ' the r•orrectncnn of t: c vioi,s of Ool . Cloy or the si.1njcct ;r,,:,.c:1:-red to ,. we ; as a hoo.y , pi•otcol; , ~s fer ao wo ho.ve tho r"lfM; ~ o.£,·ninut an.v c.1-'iieration bcin["' rnrule in the cenornl a2·rnnccmen.tfJ as 11m.lor - et ood a.t the lest oncv.npmont . R, orJv·:::Q , '.N,a.t ·in C. r • Ola.y we r ocor:,ni~o a g<mtJe1,1SJ1., w1loi.;o JH'i-vrtc :;orth , t1 i.c'Tlit:r- of new..cro , roi.<.l militrr.y {biliticr.; rn.N.'fmtoe tC", ua t,lwt htrmo1iy EH> nocessnry '{;(I pcme1.·a1 m1:; CJi,nent n,on-: so lo.rec a bcd-t; of men E.: ·, i2.l be d:rcvm i;or,otJ,.cr i'-ro.1 nll parts of t1w ~,tnto rinlt mu::ro.und:in{s f 1 trten . R:norvE:o . Thri.t Col . Jo 01Jh ::etcalfo bo a c:(,:r11:itto t~·1 :1~or\·1e~-rd n c•o·. - o:t t~wco re nolntions to Col . C. :: .. Clo.y , r.i.mi to l;r•o::--o c:1.tL.. cn., of ~'ioo<l., orcl vrho o.1·e mo-~ discatit-·fiod . Sit ncd 1,y thl) fol o,·1i11p- of.::icrnre. : -- -... r C,,. I ,J, / ---- -- ~ ----- J O!UIP"T 1:!'BTC.ALJ.1.l-1 , Lieut . Col . Lm1icvillo Logion. 10'"'! G. 3T.R1..-i , -·( C..!.· Lo,~-· .~,-i..,_lo J,Jf,iOn . T1IOS . ~ . CAI::iY l~J,L , Sttt·~con J,(1U.:i.,•;il lc Loeio11 0 L . 'l'F();.~-esou ' Li cute:ns.n t, 1011.-1 f• V:i. 1 1 0 Guo.1·ds. J.A<, . P ..,i'E :SOU , ,, ,1 1; TT . . 7. ..icG-li1:T'8 , Lciu.tenn.."1t Wee11inrton ]lneo . 11 11 11 :@" il A~;!3f1If, H. TYL~m . Cu.pt . (en~ncky Ri:~lone'll. GRO .. ..,• .JUT -,ri: ?.cm ,. l et Lieut . Koni,n.cky ::tlfl cr'lCn~ ,T . 130i·~CKlllG t Cant . 1Tv.ti(l1tL GUS.l'dB . F . XT~ll , Cent . GcrrJe.n NatiO'.!'Hll Guards . ? . ?.A~ , l;:,t J,icut . Goro..'\n Ilc/i.;i nal 1..-uo.rclo. 0 . C. :PBHC r•lR , Cnpt . J3oono Rif.Lomen . GfllIT!:E i.rliT ; - I ilO'\iO 1·occ.lvocl the P!'Of'.!''1>lC c.ml r osolutionr- JHlF.rneG. h;f yon on .. nc 1 ~th inr1tl!.nt . T cr:o ,1nly , ho r..vo boen ··1~:!.0eli in r,imilni· circunotencos cvr ol)p:r•,)ciotc yc-u.1· t1qp1oni. i ty . r-n<l tho g-rat it11.<lo 1.-1,ich I s1.~:i1 over owo you . You \"iilJ loD.rTl i':r·ori tho ross ti r t r, sol,1.tionc , ni.'TU.lt<meonc ;·it}'. r-.n :.. imiJ~)r to y<tt:'C'O , t?crc :pGoocd by tho Feyottc J10f"ion , ,7)1cro y~,u i.· lill a.l oo neo the ¥ �- (.l:18 - coi:r:)o wl J c;1' I have ti~ou1 ht it ,ry <11, t'-J to ,~uru1.e, whicl1 I t:i:ns' .. ill 1.1eot vour on•tirn , n 'robo.ti •n. Gem;lc:non , I · 1 :fo1·ccd to •~tt:rilmto the ver:r i'lattr,ring terns in ';7hj oh yrru :- lluC o to 1:-,ysol:C ruo.tc ~r) -~· a goncrou,~ ovcTfl C\·1i11cc of Kent·1eky hna.1'.'t;t, , t1iPn to o:ny r1erit of my omi ; ti:~ yet I en, ~.1.ot rl"fro.in i:ro n 1.eT€ tc 'dnf. occtisior, to say . th· t I cJ ._im to be behind no man , or sot of mm, , in :uy Ll-01·otio11 to ti.0 bc:zt tntorc~ ts of my no.ti vo :~tnte ; n.nd th,'\t I llo not fear. t1,rt , with e:ny e:rcf't 1 01•tion of rcy countr~1r:on 1 politicC1.l dii.:cron~o of opinic,:n ·, ill d.t=> ilimorc.i;c into -ncrsonc.1 persocn tior1 . l3u-t oh0u.ld it t P..rn ouv otJ,r r vrir.:o , FS thr. <'"lr.ndcmj_ on I bear con:. train1;1 mo rit o.11 times to 1,.l .l , i:.i noccsoa1·y , in My cctu1try ' s d efence ; so in t". civil capacity I trust the e~u::1ll y hig} th., it1 ..1 ~ii:tcn 1 o,--re hnr r•hnl1 w·v<.:r 'be :i'.'01·0 g0ne ont of n. , rohcnaj.0110 of insult or prost r ated 1:1o'l'i1~l!' riJi;y . Receive my thonko , once more , for y,ur ['Oner ou s symJ)athy , l-JH1 bt live !'JC e,. er yuur friend ann obridiont servant , A : C . '.i . CLAY . Gol • .JC.~1-:7Ji ;.rr-;TCAi,:P , .Ancl the" o:;:..Cicert--, o:: ,,11e I,ov.:i.eville LP-gicn . FOR 'l'HE LOlJISVI:G1E Cr·URI F..R . TO Tiffi PUBLIC . ' Al tl 1m· gi' ti l: co.11M1~i 0f Bo·el · ml f:•.ncl o·~hurr. )1 "c •n('t y·i tl· Ycry e·cnc ·al i.nG.ignotiori anJ. ccntenpt :!:'rorn till Jut,t -mer: , I trust 1..horrn who o..ke an 1n~,or01 t in th:i.c ·•·rol oneoci contr oversy YdlJ J>Etrc.on mo this lo,st intrn.cion ur on thei:r time ond 11r, ti enc c, • ''.'he11 I found that t)1cre was to 'Je a oyot onc.t ic , &e¥eet,tt on.,:age , D.i"l,t Jill-rtisa:n ,;er u on we . bec1.;.uue I vent ureu to oxcr ctGo tho hT11nl)lent t"'.e \·.ell a.s the hi :i1eut ril hts of n freer.en ... an honor Pbl c nnil ~ec.r chinv cr..nvr.~·h of ub1 ic l1'on anC mevr.urcs - I ~ r ote to · n iricn<i of ltll tho I artico ccncernod in tJw ztory , -..hic'h \"iUt1 to 101·1 1 the nucl eus of a s s~.ul t , a0:cinr him to got a frank i-t ~tP-ment of the Mexican c, m·w.ndcr o:t' my bcnr :i.nc- on the 24t h of J o.nu.cry , 1847 . The :Lol lm,ing to~t:imony :t:rom a me.e,nanil.'lcuB •nem¥ may , J)erhnrs , be wor·~h mor e t hen tho une.nimouB nnl} ~or,1ou0 "bo.cking" of o.11 t ile men of the Enc arn o.cio' imprisonment , ,1hoso pcrGonal r' Of:'.rd fo_· mq rr•ie-ht be su:_·-:r osod to l)l ind thoi r judemont rmc.1 im., c.i:t' their inri,urtinl ity . C . ;· . CLAY . MADI SON COlmTY , KY ., ()Cptembor 5 , 1 848 . �- 419 Ti":.r,•·.t.v.ti::-;1 of ci-:is;, al :Lrl ny 110F1 fhH.1Si,•Y1 b~, a Br.i.t:is1: ~;itbj ed.: i::J t}'r~ O:i.'L - o'.L' .,ic,xj.co .. Jot:<:' -·u:r:ia ~;ambonino . Col o:nx"'l o:r i: i ie :.loxico.n n.x·;..,y ... I do ho:::e'Ly ,... orti:fy. t.l .t Ge,J,:rtr.in Olay \7as o:r,o of t1"G · ·r:5.con.-,1•s t<>1.-on tn t}tr: h!:lc i c:mln ..... ,.. ,.. , ., • .,., ... C -· 0'" .. ~1 };,,,.._,(;;q,->.;.J.,i.<,l. .t ,J.{ V .J. t"' ., ,,.,,U f\u:the:r t11 ci: on the ao la 1 On,t- 11I , ..,,.1 "~• ~ 4th of s::,"lc! montJi , he ,, oi::onr, <")•)' c'•l Ide.) OJI J... J-... ,...Ur-,.•. ....,'- .::~ J t oi.,JLc:: -01·:iconc . . u , Y:&z J01·.,;e1.•01l o\.· e-r i,o .r1e t,) oc ca:::-ricd to ,· n:n L1 li~~~ On 1~ho :::;n.id. ~4-t 1, ~ a n l rm 1:-a0 c~:~1, -~noJ. Dy .,a:l .... ··,r i DO:iW:C t) J.iL' nffaot tl:c:11• 0s oa:p0 b y (li ·ru.·mi•n,..· r..o rnd niy rnon , lrnt ·,?hi.cl:. , 1:-n ·,ao frn.,trat<:Hl by r..;,, ~.._ri,1Nl c.-l;tiin1ue , i tr. 021 '-';J :i. s:1l·t bn'inr the ric c~t r-o o:f. nc o.r: 'Ll 01'11 ilnncH1. acn·cy , who 'by .,o u.Jin:_:· i:.d·t hh, 00:0. ,:,_,...iun..1 c~m_p.( 01d..;cd oo much- thnt .it i i.; ovinr_:- i;c !ll.orc c~rts1.1.0J.ty that .,,ho;.,.· V/'O SJ i1ot a l.1. ,.ihvt • ("n thd; ,:ut;y C:xpt.::dj1 Cl ~w bsb:·:vo. d hi.t1lself w:l..th trc C'0 0.1ncn 9 1,·nd :iorc11it;1 , eculirr ta 'le c> J·:.u-··c·t c.1.· , r.i.-vj 11£.: r:o a:l:.·nc of foar , not\';i t:het andil'l.6 1. he rick both f'O nl"d ld.r CO!iJr)[1.n ·:1 OY;S wore ru.nning ; no r uid i.a ·l m1·morc .,.,:.r L .mco.l:f (;i t:rnr p;.t·a.ce or mc1·cy , ,;:hilnt in frivo 1 • of J. it; c- ·:_r ~:..nionn he c l t4-i ;1'.!ed (petliv.} im1uJ.g m1co . N1fl:.C1:.Cor~ . :i..i ~ny p.;rr;cn en· T•f:,•son, ht:n~ :.,nn' o::-.ecl er j_nfcJ.:' ·etl t ht t the cor:ut1..r·t o:t' ci.d Cvi,t;"' ii• Cluy he.s bee-:-. a.:I.ffo::or.i; 1:n ·,;onl o,· iieecl ( abcr echo o dichu) on sei 6. O\'.!CP S:i :),l , I a.o. }v,reby doclarc en r:iy ·.ic~·(l a:ri.:l ho_.or that oncl .;U"f)pcr: 1·tiont 0:::: '.infprenf•ce Trc f~ lco t eo r-.ohooy clue , bu't 1~rocl:t cm1 v·ou,ci: :tor tr1c truth of 1;hi G sffr :i.r .. Ir; liodoic:no ·;c ti c (, omDJ1itO of ;jur ticc , 001.a. ·!;ht?t it mti.;, ctanf i:n r roof ; I r-:t1.♦o t hiG c ertif:Lm:i,.to , 1 a.t the 1.' C •-.!U.Cilt 0 1· th,:; lr·.'; o~esto,· -or rty. About thio t i me tn.n >1on - s1~:veh,)(ldors o:r ;li {daon Co ., Ken1;uclcy , e.rni the mountain co1mtios abou.t i3oro2., -i i •esen·l;eo. 1no ~ i;h_Rngh JlamiJ.t.on f.aTil:tna , Dr ,. Curti r:; .t<night , and. others , anl elegant hlnclc- hi ckor y cr-.ne , can; i':!"om those with the ~ i 11it i a.ls of tho original thirteen S·tst cs of U1e Rev ol ution of 1776 ; ~.:a.a. on the gol <l head- piece v.rore :lnsoribed 'fThe Poor Men 1 a l'ri end 0 and. :>cnt iraents c on:nnftmo:c·o.-1; i ve �( ( - 4~0 - comr.10mors.tivo of !l'l~ st1 ,•ing tl10 znon o.t f&la.o , ir .....c:;:ico , or, the 2•1th Oa:r of Jroma:ry , 1847 • • • It was the :politicimio ~::'r e :i:I.nurhteroa mo - not the p0L "1lc Tho sucaossf, l clofense of ·:asn'ington * won roldcn Oi"inior ::i cvuryY:1 ore . . mo Tr.:c:?:·c \, e':!!' - ~ nove::?:: ~~·cro oo J';lan; :·•noed---' no.rtorg C. 1' . Clay ' s ·7u,l,inr,ton Gn.ardt:1 , Wesh:l n;:,;t on , A:pri 1 25 , 18'n. P.r.:ic; ic to e ert:i fy t,'r t t P1·e>.?o..:;ocr Ar-iuoe. ! ·cCoy , .;ec-... et::.1·;'.1 oi' the; B~ttt~li::m , of Albc.ny , St ta of ::i:Tew Yor;., , ,i o d"..tly enroJ.1,,,:1 a mem.ber of Co.soi ur.; · Cl<:1 ' ,., '.} · o:t, ' · t On ,,..,,'l.,dl'-4-~ ·" ·., , fnd m• ...,y, ..)r tt l\.1 1,H, ,- rr ,,8$(7nf' crvod f::-ii tl ·i 1 y. d2y und 11ig,1t , durinP; the rcrilc1tls t~,7iea , ,_.,->,('r the (lontui·c i n o:~ tl1 a <W.pite~l of our 001m"'11ry wan th·cc. tcnc.;d by t1 o tra.:i t< roas dc::- 1t m, of ti'1 < so- callec1 Confedorvcy . CAS~IUJ .: . CLAY , i.':a..j or Comu,a.nding . F . S . LITTLl'.:JO.r.::N , Acl.iu•c;~:nt , 'er Dc-r,nrtr1ort , May 2 , lfJ61 . ·1 r11o. : or Casnius ~,... ClaySir : - I -.-n)e to cxtenu. ; .·u , rc.nC t ] ..::ou.r h yon to tho i;to-n 1twler you,~ :•orwr4nrl, ~;ho : osurn:nce of my hir-h o: :cocio.t j c,n of the 1,-ol--y y:ronnt G.11d pal,r iotic mo.:n.no r in wl· ir;:h y ur t)s..-tto.lic,n we:.~ org::mizod /O.L' the defenna of tho re.ni 1;r41 , encl t:10 very effici ent :1oi·vicen rowlorod it . Ver:,· !'OBJ>ecti\1.lJ.y sr;:;on CA:tiERON* Socrotn.r y of i'a:r . ~- CJ,~• Oim3 • CL1~Y v, LUl'T ~HlhG - Tl(} -r-:ushir..rtrm Corr cm cm dent of :, "I e lle;1 York ~imos 1n hie o.0~110.th.h of Thursd.a--; ovon 11 £ 1 l::.n.ys : Ceo:i'1S • • Cl.u,i,~ , 1.ini;:J ~er -:;o Husci2 , to - duy cffE'reu 1..1. lorvioes to <>ere t .ry C moron , oit1.er an nn c fficor t0 raise e 1·1 r,:imcnt or as a. nri vo.te in tlw rnnkG . :Yr . Cnmr-ron auicl : "Sir , t: is in tl..n first inr, t :.incc 1 evor heo.:ra o:f v·her e c iorciG" 1~inlntor s:·oluntecrod in the r t:'n;cs," "1'hen. , ir saic.1 Clay , 11 let 1 0 mo.ko a littlo hi tor:'r1' Ee ha.o been ts 1 rrutuided b:, . .:ricnct all c1.ry, ahoJ.cinr hf-.nuo nnd conrrntnlating hir;'l. Ho Tiill n t lM1ve t},o cc1mtr y juat yet . I cl•eorful ly concur in 1 c . ore·, lnr. testjmoni c 1 riven by the Hon . Socretur., of ··ar. A. Lincoln. �·,. - ~.:: ,3 . 103· . 13 , .8 l 4• l -,, (. ,1:i,.. &-'"" z:;{. ,; w l" .. .f] •• c] oft A. , • IJ 1'1-P~ .....1:r1. Dn:, , , in ornnl:icmc: • 1_ I 1 >C.t :lnvi Lcr.i C t ion 2~ 11 -:; Cti . i u. 1 l �- 422 - co.s i us i , Clay ' u B~tt,:i.lion of ·:~.ohlnrton G1u:troe , €'•.na OonoroJ. Ja.moa , • Lo.ue ' o Frontior Guerds , :>rofossor J\r<tl1Sa Lccoy ( m\) bf'r ana ,~ce;rt?t u.ry of ;;ho f o:ce e r bi ttali cn) , cio.Livorod Ln c.,rat i 11 :_t the ITa t i e,nal 00-1 :U,",1 , ,,n tJ10 17t }: insti:mt, com~11chiora.tive of ·!fro :-.;ovcnty- l!'ourth lu n i versar of t 1· 0 l~do 'tion oi t~ c Corctitntion, e..nd the ,i :"ii;y- J.'i fth .Anr ivcrcar· of t;J:o cloli·voi-y 01 V,ae11inrtcm 1 o Paro\ ·011 A!i.ch·ess ; 11 e.:nd iVhc;;:,oc.o ~ t l (. 1:.m.dio:nco , on 1i111:d; ocoe.aj_o11 , foeling~h t it r,o lb c o. gro, t ntfnl i c ( r~ti1 i c cti <m rn: be:nofit , rer,vo!,tcd t1:u...t sa.i <l oration be ropoai;ecl; nno. \"} rons , i·1 r·o1unlianco ·.,'i t h thc.t ::cqttcGt , it hes boo_., ::c- 1•atoc1, vii h t;t.'"at :i 1: lf:.1t-t-o i;nc~ effect , un t ln Na.t i ono.1 l! a.st J)~.y • i rt JJhc !fap o i t. •') ~u1.t::,e o.r ne,r, '.'<rncnt· tivoo , t n ·t1 o ca:-- i·tol , in tho r,re=:.onco 0 ·1 t J,e l'r n·~i oent of the U:n i ted. <:tt·ta r1, the Scc1:c ,o.:ry of ::1-t;. ta , t ho · corct a...""Y of 1;ho ·-roa::u.ry , c:t1cl ~ f;):'O: t mu.i ience of r' i ti=;ens o.:nd ::?al : .iers ; and ·,-~' ~u~ , iv ic t l,.c doniro o:.J.: hune.rccla , iiho h.n.,.-B f;wi cc heoJ:-J. i t ct tho Cr,·• i tr,.1 , :hhs.t thi □ o.loqu.ont ancl · .owerful ~··nerd, in hohal:f of tr~ ::~:r ....,t~- tho Cont1..it,,ti~in • .~hou•<l bo hea.Td b;, the t.1.. 1~:s0H of troir iollo\';- citi:~enR in o.11 .):::: t 1,o loyo.1 t :--,tc .. c.,~· ~he Union ; a.mi 'l!he~ s , •!;he ::,r,.,oent f ormidfl.blo tl Oli\Jinat i one of tl1c "interna l fmd oxt erna.1 GTt orr.i os 11 of the r Ol'Ub1 i r• dem~ l'l li thr..t tho ful l (J'!i::conf)'th o.: the patriot'.l.sm of rll :i.ts 1oyru. citi:::enr-, , i n tho ym,y of mon end r.:onoy , ;1hould be r e-lli od in SU1.')r-o:rt of th,_• Army and the ~Iuvy of i ts Gove:r.nm0nt; t,1cl:o:foro •· Re ..,ol'VO , The.t tho Orr..to1· of tho lJt;,y irn her eby uclic~ir,i c;cl t .. ,1, l i vor t 'i L noblo mid Jn·1~· 5.:d...11g n:ppc a.1 t o Arucri cv.:n re.t r j_ot:i.1:Jm at OJJ many pointo i;1 -tho l}cLi n e~1 11 0 c mv oJiiontly c: n ; 031C.. all loycl citi zenu , cor1r:1ittcrrn , r.-.nL a.n:r ocir.tions o.r0 x.•0 syit'ctf..1lly roc.,uo:;>tod ,o ~o- crne ,·eto i t ! !'(JCl.tring i ta deli very in thoi r :.c•onpoctivo localities . 1 P, 'TL. G. l"AS.UNG111 OH, Ex- Ast,i ;:;tru:it , cc r.· otn.1.-y eif th) Treamt17;, Chz..:i :rmmi Uni tec1 ~-· t:-)t co Scneto:c from Kn11{10..s , GBORGF.: ;; • rmIGHT b"-Jt-.:oinbor of Conrreso fror.1 Cc.lif crl1i e. Ex- cr>100:c oi' Conprom~ :from :Ponnsylvnni a . Comrli t t ec . �- 4.,3 - i' my h t • .I. m , -r • d J ~ : ,r:i.oti '1 oduc.tio ', . re 1 • ,._,fJ so 1 , !1ll10h l on n· t o··, r...i l •• i. t:reo.s n ir:: t, i ,h · t ·v Co .- oe of ..(.~ t . . iGte11 c , in i /! ..:ln . · 't,lct "" .' J. delibcr.;l·ion , - ,.l""t, .., -~ o.iti ri. ·r j_n d 0 COY"..i.i, n d~,c t: • on , mi ·ot , !_, · tl il:i I t~'i-o . I , J; t c:1:- ir - c~~ H. n '!rt l i ; tl 'I o· !'01· . · · by oi.in:ent } f.•"✓C · re '"'l1 · I rr,su.J. ; r, ;, 1• t1.·u ·t of t] t I <. •. }Li:> ~t . Jf on vi PuiP.t ....ci 11 ,.. Cti n, ·1 }_ er .. : t l 1r l, ,.i. r::.•c: ·•t • occrit t c i(1 ';J re. t hero :3. u..! ~o r0o c1 t~1f o ·..:.; ,....r~J. I ··:ne:.:r v 1~ nti~ .r ·, ,'.i r ti ::r f ·t t ,•. ·rcr,c-, n ·· n ,... o Union A . . 870 , al . • p 4 u. 11 if .l �- 424 - if it htnJ10ii. 0ui; t:ia, I 1.l'~..." ~ i t , r JQitt(:~t~ L, g ivo P<l :"rom c.::i.cc.r-r oil'rtocl, :-.n 1 ncYcr f.fhc,r•ed. Jv,no . I c:mit:1mrnd to hc.vo trio co:r1l:Ht(•nco Iinco1n . 01. .,Jr . The forznu.l attempt of tlw rcb0l:;, to neguticte foro·ul thet I w~,s hoJ.din£· en hon1,r.•s.blc 'flOr,·i tic n , r..nt1 hc..d cult·,1.re , ,·, prcic~sir,g to eeu:e on t1~t• ro.rt o~ tho loaders :tB!~o-:;-i!.lDA :- Tte un:ie ;ip106 , on t•:1 1;1 1 0 re :.... r:m;"i ,ilj_ ~ios oi' a .:{ .,"'1.t·,:-~kin.:a, ,;-. ,,~i.t,:-iot , o.r:111 ,· mu11 , c!o::::1::-in:· ~ hr; rorpetue t·1 •n c)j_~ tho Unj on e.nd. tJH:; li1... o!·ticc o ..:· ·tl c ,'co• ,le . 0-rrro:·cu. 1·}.i:,eim to RE;~ros·-ivo ,..a:::·s , bcJievinP' • thal; ·i.\:i.li1mti~m 0 r.m ,lOt bt> ,1'V('l1U C6. b~, /'1'."lTI$ - t· ..t G:nl:>1 .!,roex:iotlnt ide::::.s cn.n bo t-O :~·ixe(: - in favor 01 ·•.'<: a.cr~f~t1 eJ ! n ip t ion oy th,, ·. ilJ. of r.r't.: :,ovor~itntics , : na. af;sinnt uerv:ilc ,:ar l'.'m1 :i.nsnr:r~cticm, ·-s-eri.,s , UPOn b:.i.:; o·.:::· rcc,on~i ·,li-t;~ , :;::0 -polic:l of tho :.:o-u1.Jlica.n 1 J)Cf cc , if c ~m('°istcnt, v:i tr 1.onor . 1 . He mi crtn th: vo·::c.lo of :P1·or3ident Li ncol11 _,.,,- in llit1 inr.i.um1.ral t,ddrc.os , P-.nri fli::-: lote proc l amPtion to lll,?k(' •·1:::.r u1 ,)n no :~tP.tr:i; nn.:tcl-: los~ u-- 011 Vj.rginia , or the bordor : tt.:.tcs , whot:w uniun mm1 he woul d c onc ili~to end $0.VC M; f:rion,Js . },or tt1io ro~son he reti1.-os from Hurper ' s ~1orry , c-n .ho dicl f r om 1 ] 0.z.·t Sumpter , ti.oti:ng cl<' :lrly on tho de , o:ns:i. vo. 1;hpt he mj_ght stond befo1' c mn.nkind r;niltloss of ~ t h i s ~1·ent fra.torncl snicicte ! i'or the cemo reGsons ho rcfU$OO i;o t'lvcnco tho blO◊l:i o:.r American ci i;i: onz sl~.e..d in .B: ltimore , in 1,bo noaccfnl Tl: r.i ncge to the Atl.ministrsti r,n , _, seat �( - 425 - oco.t of cm,:mon ro.er.nnvnt . 2 ~ ..:3,1'1- tho Pr( ~i.1ert.. .•i .} J n,./; ~ hnn p:coscocl -bo tho ·.;o.11 , .i'vi·1 to :s.01•' , tori..:- iull ::.l>ilit~· , tho JiOY:Ct" nHl st"tfei;y 0 1' t;hn 'ifcti r 11 ..,1 (;.o,...-orn :1ent t 1.L"t\lnss 1;·1 ,~ 1 CClyile , ,,,. vf~c r; crv~nt ho is , nlte.11 ot ho1~;icc doc,..eo . 3 . A"(l:7 o.ttr>e-~f o,: t:.(I n •·ticne.l :l"0'1"{': 0-S > or proriorty in ·tJ1(l J'i,,·'· _,'ic-t· oi'. Colnbnir' t ._.,ill be ro~;- rood ac ::i. ctcl&t~1·uti o:ii of '\",O.!' , ,Wtl :c ittti-:tl 1.llm; to:, all hope•.:: o: reece . 4 . Ur1 z;il.1 not., <loc·i o,•e ·• r.:.r:, 1P.nc1 or VhT·ir.is., or :~ni; :·:ti tr.-t, ••~ :fal u'l rrofessi()•rlf_;; ho ,1ill c1..nt:i..nu.c to st1·one:thc:n llin noni ti rm 1l1 i;J,t .. ,·1,,00 of 11r{t:i 01,l>.l e:z:cliwi ':(1 jn.1·i.~dictj_ m :.:t e l l httzcrc1.ri, t..:rw by ulJ. th dafe,•:., · , t1 ,·:tn;,n~ in hi~) '"ll)\';or ; 1.. n~ ~hit. 110 fcolc f1..bm.10t1.ntly aiil : t o do . keor i;he ·.ionce . rr.cn to cool, 1> ,11·"'1f "i'I'\...,.,..... or ~ .. "", <, ,,o.; ... ...y .. -:r.~~ ..,:i,.~.. -- ..-t:n,· ~... 1· V 1· ,· 1' ' t' t..-, ' "'l<".,. _, ,, ..··,ct oh::t:rnct;:1nt; c,·r tnc,vo-:-,itmt::~ . Vi:cgin5.P 1 lJ.f.t r• ')11fino an· 5. virci.:ni(:. ar.J,:l Lin:r.;yland. rrn.y tirno fo:· the r ec;;:.i. :m:.., ,;f c-i ve ,I. L ,.I •• ;_ • ._; L '-· ' · · • -L- , 1 ho1~sclf tu J:c:1: bc·t·.1or~l1 'l;',10 J:c:..1 ~ - not y1.o-lcled. evor \,e r, cn;ri uoiJ. . .c;~1<' 1'< ,_ i -:rJ v ··· c i•11·.., ·J .;. ,. So that ·,::-. fiov.1,1 , ,;7i1;hou.t a viole.tion o:f t✓(H' C rrr:O!)t:J,l'Od • Linco2m &f.l.·ood v.ith 1·,c , t.ne told mo to oonon.lt �- 426 - of Ohi o , \';ho was t'·Hm :1n ·,70,;ohinf:1;on , among others o I f'ou.nfl. : 'ail.o .• af·ter 1m1ch diff'i cntl.ty ,. t:mll n11<mod h:lm ray nwrno1'.'and.a, t, o v/hich 1'm agroed at once . And. so this emis,w:ry . vr11f!t11n:r. n.uthori ie1l er noi; , cerricd. bt"..ck our assent, written F.l.nd 8i.g-11ed 'by me , to the t erm£ ho had :rroposod. Dear Gir : I sbal l e;o to .t">.'le:r..nndri$. trd.s morn:i.ngl) an<l will n.ot know \'lhother :li; it:i best for l~O t( (··o i~o Rinb:znond till I c o there . I feel m'J.Ch 1. e:frcshed thic r:wrninr- fron, ti fev.- h.on.1.•B 1 olcep , ro-u1. hope now to br-i o.b l e to \:10:dt :for tho Of'UJJe oi' ttt;-J e;roe:t liut bleeid.ing cou.nt:ry . 1 ma,y find lkoo:n at Alexand.ris., or some other yic:rson wi t:r whom t;o coni'e:t·.. I 1:1::ru::.11 :.::p:pc~l for -per.ce in tho tuo.me o:f tha Union mon of tho South; r.ncl I :regnet thet tho Union 1na:n :i.n tho..i, se0tion 1:to not k'.a.ai1 they arc rer,r(HH-rt1tad at 'i;h:J.s capital.. I 0-.111 :ru.lly sctir:fied _ J:}n;,,t ii; ta not . C>'.lr ,1iah , nor tm 1'i of "tl1e / !,6.mi ni.a itrst:l.011,. 1: t1 i nauvnrat-0 o:l vil w·a.1"' 11 If yon :?ight in the Oefcm s:l.ve , r:iverJ: ri.t;hi.,-inimled mm'l. in ·t;h0. :nation wi l l s;1Tn!)cth:l7.0 tri th ;fou in you.r offo1 ts to a.void. Ei. col.J..inton., I am l10ro not aa e. ta.rtif1001 . I mi.mo here in l,he nnmc of the snf'fer il16 Uni ~:-a mon of the S out;h ~ WG ~1·e :Co1· ◊UJ." contry, 1 ru1cl , ,1.l.l' ·:,hr,le <.wn..n-t1.7., t'lo do not \ds11 to 1,0 fo1·cc<l to teke e pooition that ,1ou1a. accrifiae u.s ., :C knov: -no f.1~,e; • but thnt o:f my iathors , :J1nd. y;}rnre ver th~,t [:OE~S I wi l l '=O • B11t while I am :·or thni; f l a~ ' .ro1c1 feol tho.t it hP..S t'OCOi-ved :ma:ny indi! nities 1, w"l:ich i t wv1..11c1 scam ncco f; Sarj"' to avenge., r.:nd while I dos ir-0 to soo the 1es-.ders in this v.nnaturs.1 war :rm.niched, yet tho pro- U11io:'l rnnn t \;no hav0 ne,rnr taken :s.ny J)G,1·t in this stru.tgle , rntJ.y be cow ~oll od to tu;rn ~), :poni t ton i n o.ritl.£~•,n i mn to tho le.we of thiR eou:ntry. tie a.re n ot vri lling to ,lo Go .• i f i.7e ean rv-oid it . Hu.ch a war t:Hl t11i::; i~ill be wil l shock hu.n1vnity. ·;1e wil.L hs.vo -~o negoti v,te some t i me " ... the 'fllfj:1: cs.:n not l.ast :.~lweys . r.et noc-otia.tion corre:i.ence now. Th<l Govo1~nmont i e r ovre-rfuJ. , end ac,n p,fford ·to be r-0ne1~ons . · I ara. oil· , :respedt:Pt11Jy you:rs , e t c,,,, in the bonds of Uni ,::m, w. R. Henley. I rotu.rnod :from Ev.ro1)0 in 1869 ; P..J'ld , enterine; into �;. ... ,. ....,. l·..., ~--, , ;_t: 167f .. ·ro, 1 0J·• (',,,... .. m,,. " -tti~ •i•""'" -.f · \_; l3enj . J.~ .. •• °' , ..,.., u·•1-"1_.;....... r, ' _-1 ,.,.,,) Ok"', \. i~+ _._. ~-.~G'- ..... .' "'- """ •!{•". , ""'" 'av~ L.::.:ine, .;.ier1t .ivr..· ii ~re uttG1~ed r. c:;·J.unmy ... ~ ~ en rn,.y J:~tm~r. hoim from Intli:mn.,. l ~av,1 tc- d~y, lcJ~ ;_J:~ i':l::-,Jt tino , 111 t!10 0:lncirmc:ti cc·:·txio1.".i:.:i.1 o:? ,ep ~cmhc:t ,.. 7 , 111 t .• :t 'Bon.i .. ~ ~ ·~t1,1 '·"' K-----a~,..r upeec H e1. Xoni:-;. ,, O}·io . :'in hi<•h X i':ln~ t:,c .i?ol.lordi'lff cls.rHICO ln co:i.'crO.>"!cO -Lr.i \,hr,t O!'O •;:;:ov:n :..'..G t,'.! o Ori ttenden ,eoohttio1H1 : 1 • T11c!"o- ··:ere- ~11 ~h~ loa<i.:in ~- o:' t}:c• 7'l')r .:Jec·:::ia;-t ·,· ~-(:r.'t;,, i;i,-•c·: ::c. 1'1~.Vi, , .:1.·. To.mi.rn , .Mr .. !,~sen t !,11.•,. .Jlic1el1 , :CJ.!' .. ''-:.roto r, n.r,} r:;0-10 otharn, .. • • Aften.· ,,c n "rr:oll ·}, t ni, ht - 1 ; .. sfte-r i,;-.r t 11:---hibit:i~n - I --::fl.,.it 'Iii." 1ru. net. h -vor~· 1.·ou~.-, '. i'.: ....., . 1·· ···n,., ~.1. · f"•+ .. '-"'•t; '1 "~· - Cn'" . 1···L"~ M. Clr-~r - fft:r_pet:t ....,::c1 to _'?'IQ .. Ho Cfll!lO u--·; :1.:ri rn7 :t'OO:IJ. l. i,!-; ::.:1. ·.:::1r Hl/ 11t ' . -! tcr l . 'L:,S ·Ln 1)c>d. B'e r..ai,:; he 1-tud c · -1,0 er, vor;,· :ir'l,'Crtc:11; in~.:ines:::: •. 11 m.•.'e).l t1 , r-n.i<i r , •1w:.ut is it '? 11 'I l:o.ve ~00on t r ying to f:l.nd :vol1. r~.ll d~\f , 1;0 strc:i:1{"t'rion S"•lll:: c:.r ',ur 4 (.~ \.t - eke- --.., ... 1,- ~-), \~\,(....,...... J.t..- a..Q r ., 11 - ... ,.., .; rl Oi.:..:..J...v.. " \,,, 'n"'~ .- .,.... ,,-:.:.v ,. . -·~ • ,...._.. I t,J ,~ \.J...L ,t 0 t,,;J•.,, • -T .J,. '•l l •·" y...,;i - ( ' ' 'I ~ '" t ,. '.. o rnrc f1 cd; to vot11 i't'l' t,1C.'.-3t'J ~· ; I ~:..u.t.L('ll3 . I i; !'I}mt }-,-,, oo.ae ,. r• .-:ld you rm..u·;t bc.l:r, 1:to to no j,1; ,. 11 'o:rs I : ''I v.-ill do rv ··ti.d. -tf.in~ _. 11 {~0od} nI al", c ..,-:,,..1::-... ·.:r.od . Is 1· ? 1T O"I'' "'.. ::_...,.,·l-\o·•-( rf,-.... t 1~-i.,,-v (1nf.:':~•:1•1" ..,~~•:.J \,.f_'l •·,.1..,.-. c1...,, ""•,.f t ..... i•·. •.,. -ti· J .. , <.. ~"''" .... v p""l••i;:io ,, ~ ~~ ru1d J.s.1;.15hter } ff I i-Ja.h ~~~'{ tl.1.~ I'; to h::1 m• 1 i11~v , 11 f.Wys I , you i)..~Od t<; ')O :"f;!)iH-nrl. fl b1•r,•;-=, ~n , nn0 J hino ·,tJ(.'!-r t,-..:i-,·!, in.f :/~u :•l:l d.1',y t to °iWll) ;;t'>'."ol'.lr-then mo ~n~ my .:-,e.t:tk 1:rrct"1r•m~ . " Jfo ro711 iofl. : uuea:r me :.J .'')'-~[},. .. .l ~w- c tl c ·1··•mc_:, . .; o.,· f P.:r.·toen ;, 0::. tO,'L on thia tillr-er th:.· f; l hoJa iri my hn.nc1 , F.-m~. they ho.~·c ·t;" .o r,:r<:t?lecr:re h; too ere, ;l.;..,.1.. al.~ :;i-3•coJ. U'lt't '.!..• :1, · ,_,··lJ..2. . oto i\.>.,, ! rPo :tN:30l1l'ti<,n~ thu~i r-;D.]... 11 11 We11 ~ If r.:o.irt. I ' n::,-r . OJn.:, 1 them :r·1 .i:~:.'t"o ·n.rri·i~·hril t·o v/:1th :t(,1.1.rtt:;cn additionr-1 rorscnr. wr1y I •::ill n0vcr •1,-rote fo·:tltoi 11 (J1_p,:il(,::.1~c) f:t>,j<i I ~ 1·r ·,·1:"~1·. noo t.he CC)ii trl bl;..r11cc1 110.fow~ :r ,:. :i.11 C"l7'"'1i t iil1f" r 001,1 c o:f: tho Horth to tho htu;ri _ i t~t;_ cm of 1,hose in:fe:r.:aol reoolntj.on.s II And t..hm, ~~11, • Clr-i;,y r.iont o:Cf ; :nt I wil.l confoco t 1 t l Ln· t:i riot AincP h~•t1 t;J•c rA.snoct :tor bin t'b.•t I ht:d i1..r,·vi ouuly . I c• onld '110t have, beornu-;o :it t Jtc,1-o<l {,w Yil1<,lo 01,inior.. o:f -!;ho mun~ I tho11en.t; ho v,ns ~- horo tJ , t ~,.;.;,l:i.1,1 te.n<l tlJ) h i tho O.arkcst h ;1r , ~~i~;tol i:n h(.).n<l ; i:C nocesot.r y·; en<.1 I found J,iJa ..n n.v.:i:ng- into nw e1mmbar t-i-~01·e in o:rdor to rt- rm~.::, o mo t n hn.1<1no e tra.itor to r M my ccn:::it J tiltont~; . l l ately srioke ir. Xon'lu, , her<➔ I ( 1.1.ototl ez r· cts 1 / �- 4 28 0xt1•e.ets from ,.re .. 'lia<l.e I c let ter to ·110 en the Cubnn quo ~.ftion , ~ihio} l et ter 1 [ri ~. 0 11~0_, tLc 01.·dg :l.ual in t'l,y .·ocsctiai ;n 1 Gentlcoen : f 1 e roooi.vod yont· }-1.a 1e1;te"'.:' of· 1,he 28ti, ul·t .. rckinr· '1'1e to r:.c <Hmt 1:llf• ,,op,it.i. 'I'... o:l? Vieei -:P1.•0:➔icl.e:nt i'o:r· t: o St:7te o:f Ohio oi tl1c 11 (hJ.be.11 Ohe.t·itr,b:t.o .t:1.(1 . O(~ioty. 11 l ;;.ccBpt th-1 rr•~"3iticn wH;h rle~nu.1·0 ~ r..Jl< ·:rill do rt'r.u.t I uari -l:o :oJ:'fJP.r(l the e-ood wo:cka I eJ"l astol ~nhoil ~t thu r J) ,a1:E)11.t il1<.li:l.:t'Arenoo oJ: ,;Ul' eJ.·oe:t Ac,·u.hl1eu..;1 .P.r·rty to the 1 ··~·t;e o:f t 1 ocple o:L Cnba. ,At(.1il-•ay , inile-ed, ·wor,.ry in WCJ 1 --d,ot:ng. CV (J.o the;'!1 t i:LJ. :f.?VOJ.' tl1.~1t i;i:r.wron c , haJ.t i nf , }WE:iti::~t:i.ni :policy , i.·.-i.lcl'. e,tla.od mo:i.·o t.:} rl b:..l:t to tho bJ.ood (.;1u t 1·ens~iro in on.11qnoring c·,..: _u ,eJ.1:i.on ~ ~ma 1rt .·ivin& li ,orty t o o;i.r ~(J a'te? Ono ~ri.~Yo wo:t•{:. fr-ofl1 rmr h:!.::.il1in- trntic:l"l. i~ rJ.1 r·,-r _ioio.r.t to m·w 'n.o s\ i::i-fc , [ nd gi ve pe.~c , iborty, ond jurtiae to the r0oplo a: ,:h~ll ~;h'"' t woro bo £>poken'? ~'fr. f.lho.11 be <lisl~onored no a :nrition if it ie 11ot .. 3u.t , -thrt :i.slo.nd.. w1 ,ethor 3noken or -rot • Cul)e mot • ·ul !Jha..1.1 110 free . YouT~ , ~it~ reH~ect , B • 1' • Ui1..J.E . u o11 • n.. C• •"' "Y , E'-•-c ''-' • C• •'~-~ o • P .. r. - I ~J ,.,1') ' r0:~d v.'iiih v:o:-:i.t :,w.t~s:tu.ction t}11.:. e..r.i:: 1:~t~c·t of 7'Ttu· epcccli. 0,~1prCv.:'.\ ever-:-: •,·1ord of it " -.;..110 ind!:l1·oe r.n::i,, !l,y C ,)0 ct:. 1let~m:1.:u,~ec1. tho Cu'.70.. :'ily l_)OllCJ" of 1ri ~h. An<1. 1.10~':' -·'.:r • i.'ad.o i :~ :f :r n,d , t:dnco (tr~1nt een·t; h:i.r: to :-:,an }}or ing-o, dumb P,r,; r.1:n ,.,y~1i,e :t· tlJ:)·:;.t '~n • ,,.~ '1'" · <,..1-i=t<"'ll t'J._1 0·'\jo c,;: d • .,) 0~.J-, --~ t V" ·.n·1· ,.:l V """ t AJ..""'"'1 l,, ' t;: , .• l• ,_.._1.H.,\_ ,.: au.ho V10rtl. o.:: ~f~1,olt :fi• :,1n ·the -Prt.iisid.011t ,1.,1::'i narty , ,Jlio 110.vc not y,,i-t; SJ.)(J .en th•-..t 11 t.mo ·or::~. c v;ord 11 • Mr,. r 1e.de ' s ntt e.r•tmaeH ~.buPt,{ me ~xrc aboolu~;cl.,y f f1.l $B in '!;he :-~n:n :inc tho i.' otai.L. X :nove..;· ,vEmt , ill 1861 ., to '.1t-•,s:inr--to:n t i l1 t:!.f'tor.· t.o ·tl:j .... r.:.-.•m.. oJ.J.t 1 ,\ of OOnf.:;i~e(in . . , { ~~e frn~.oc;.t:'f'-:''' ~itl.~lct~ ~:t· .~:n :~/~It. HJ~-1!.) ~ ) . l oa\7 <Je:::t De.vJ. s 1:n ·t,11.e .~('Lduc;J:i. rv ar , v.:r1t.. \ol~ '.. •~ ,_,;. i,.. ., :..t.; .I ,1. <) ••• , . ' :-1cv~:r einco 1 d.o not 1•€:i._ ei,Jbc.r. to hr.. 1 o o•,-er seen ;,;1 son , Sl i cto11 . etc , ; tH::i.- hr 1 ::.1.L loft Washi:ne t on b efo-ro I rot ~;'hero . I n<-rve·t wo.c. .for Critt$nd·en ' t! or o.:ny ot'.rn:r comrrorui$c., ~ho:r: t of t11,:} :;i.1oli tioYi o:C J.~~ o;.;1 ,, i:n ~ life ; n:nf C:r.it tend.011 rs Cor.1'!):ro ,·i;.-10 ·11~~,s votNl down by ~ 11.8 to 80 1 on -tho r~'7tr. of 1'c1x•ur::r:r • l o6l l I 111..1~{01" z,t::.8 in omti::i.'l.1-enco , or nv<"n· me~; 1 11 council , vr:J.th ',,he <w.mr:i/mn.i:i:ers , in t'sohinl ·t()n , or ol~()\·rhoro , o.t any tir:10.. I n.r·ver h:i 1 on my l i st tho n-ames of f.,Jnrtce:n 3enlttor:::i , Ol' any o t;hcr m:uuber,, 1..n ou<ih • 'OX' o:ny oi;hor case • I nover ~.skc<.l Ii:r . 'f,'ad.e to it, compromi s e �Jt, c.;r, n:0¥. iro t, · Ble· o -~ {>l' nt othe · qn d;i r ; ~,-1 l le Dll~~ -~~ti. T"~ of i.'u.r..:i; 11,11.i c; Ol'lH' .1. m1t. ions ~-"·~ .--~1 o1·ttn :r J :.-::i:oot..s. '11" n '·hr- .>utl :,}n:N.it;enod ,, :..', I , :··::om t 11~ bi loony et ...i 1.1~~ t•,' ' s , 0p<;;~,) , w in 1 8 61. j_n :::':wor o-t th(:-, J ihnr,.. t l c.1 J.l t ho i~on I •·ct 'rr.<'l<i 1 ,.•0 !'i11s~:i ~ , :· :n :t.B62 l ! , . •!" ·iA1 took V:10 :...~ ,o r1.-cu:n,l ; :::n,l (· ;11.lti 11 u t co 1:; '4.":! ~P- ,, o 11 •.H~ r,uoli c :ir;,( j_"l'I r. TI;' ::>. • t•1" t' i'l.'>1:tce.i :i ,_ :~~·,lo :?or m.-mo:y , wi. =i ar; :::oi:coC ~o nblioh "vbo J i.11 p~\r.1r1l1oi: for m., 1:f f~1· J-01:itll-it;:i.c~ \Cl,:c -~n·,tit r.rnt.i ,. - :.no wh.D.nt (\n.,to:;:- trH' .,-{' KnfJr-.:.. , f'i I ':"1'('" r,,!jancl:,.n·· t .. , ·;,,J.~'.J1t o:.;r io ~·co!; n~ ,;n ')J .ln5'1;on in cl.oJ:on "' ..-,G l".'·i' tl'f' n ,., 1· it~t;.U ' .,,... '' n 1'"' ....,. ~ --~,,111· ~n· f.·.1~:l .r ., "' ... ,·(.ii.to·. ac . ·. ~r. , ( . 1\, .!., !, :in :,c .. ,, ir., t&i J. (.•:f' con:::iT.g . 1 :·Jn, ~:·-..~- 0J·,t- ~,:;; , b-:- "ovcr·rnr.c , and 'o.,...~-•{•,.t"•o"lr..., .I • ..,,.. .,,,....... , . , ,.,,,,cl l1c•ri1• - r•u·~~ .,t,cr~ .l•t:;,J.,• •• ~w.J. ·•-..l n~ oi tloir bcin~ ul ~tkJ , - • - ~~ ·'-. ♦ J ' c:;J> • de ~cl di ers . I ,,d \t ,1 ~ I ~ C '...., )rwl,v.,.t.1._~ ..l.,. l ... , t•h;. , ~· onnf'ii!'.,m o t.J. / . T,l:r:n. 1ln; · ml , b, J.ne ,;:i.1·t·n...J.1y in (; .ml!mmt o.t 1.1:o n lt.v , :· t lJ. .. ~ ~ "'i"'lnloy , ~- Uni . ·11 · ~J".., c .. : .i -~c- ;;:i, or r . . 1i .... i " ~ . h: ch 'hi :J l o tter ( on -r;-:-ro 42fi ) wi '.ll hn~l; ox_r1:" i :r> .. '"r•.. 1 Lr:.· i.:.;n. i;,~H ·:· ;1 oi' t·· •;•• v:r.·n, ospfl.Cit _.ly .:.r, ~-" ~·:1flr.tr f' ·1 •1 11 \"O r;i•,.~rt: •d "tiil'::io 1 o · ..c ·i:.~f,)t•e: :·. ,~:iii:=:: , m : d ~1:i o•:1 • ~ ·:t11 -i- u <~ool , rm ~Ll.!.' i.J~:im. ·ri-:;.nnd.~; d.: l< t ~t tio :.; 'VO t'I ''l ·~_.·,y,m . V.L' !.'h · Fd w·erc u\· nt1, l o--l ii1 1;~ o l..•t ,. ,t .e; 1 • ; ·u, f •• ~ .r.1.d tt1l~f't' {'.w h 1:i.:ncu ~: ii.h t}l!~ J'o1·t:r1 'r.n·~·c C'"i.l.".; . lion l c;l up1 c:J·.:.;.a ·:.:r. .oo,l ti:lc .. I ·:c !o,·~-c 11 · '!",:;Lc-s •.~1 .'Ln .. . • •·u·:1 n ..,.!J f .a. ...... ~ \..c.. , ,.... IT ;,:. rf•nr ,,; , ) - -j_ •• , ,.. ~.,,,..,.~,-in u._.\o",1..,._w .. .. w, -.. ~o LJnr•ol n , no. (· k"<.1 hir.- to r·1 l o" !!lP 1,o ~.n.:wor ili ; t o . ·h ·.r.;h :1n ' ~ ·rood., .,., : f, 1; 7.~e me tv :-;'· O\" t o Ro,·10 of 1;110 moci.: r:r .. ,ni n nr,t Rn:i-.u.h.l.ic rnu:: in •,:.~"';hinr-i, ,tn . 1~ ~:;~m/ +-i10~1.. .J·r,~,c -~, l , . J 1 . ) . 1. , ,:a:te . It •:•aH :nir.•-t ; :1t • ~ n ,t i;1 1 :in ustu:d i ·:.~x. c.lH..rtn1·1;~ L ,i: ,-.t .!· n .\;_ , ·.~...,i.i ...-u71,:;, r.~on<l, o, h~ontly ~· o 1~u.. J_ iri ght·Gned ,:;n,·, .. 1)J~ to t lrt, En.y one io · f 11 li i:. I ,nm- .d. hir-; t;lw lL nloy n1-:•mc1~ .J1da , v.no t-!Jii:N:. hi::. ~o....-i c e ; rni ho :i.ttl1:v h1,·,...rbNl t l' C''"l . l1H:() nr,\ ."L-0.ltr,; ,~ n\·i.d; ct (Ji:' , :.... n: c )",Ji3•Y, ('tl,' l>r~e C0\7ti.dLiCl.} • 0 !.~ ~) (Jth . lk. V:l<.Hrn't;).y CvfJ1f ou1ia $ -4:1:.::"·, inhr:17·~ i!Y.,,_. ·: t. ,_c ur.Li;·G···?r.r~c: C~. . _t. .. ,i:,B , wh ~h d::-.to:; ~:row to bo imJ cr>~i <le . E,-n).<'Y ,1e :n1· 1 1 ~i 1- t:... ·• •1· ·1 ~~ ...,,.t,•,1,.lo''"' 'l J,•a"-) \~ \ I -~' "h·, ..... ~..· J ..l.,) j i.'l·A ·,·.1. ... ' :·.·· - J-.1.,,n, .. \,,(. ,• t <Js:pi r ..J. -:I~• c·u,·otl . l J: . L.· • 1:or..lc:y lie:-~ i. e ~ ho -. :L.:.J. -r,~c1: ·.. 1. ! n• us to t;J'.,p t·.c t,th o'i •11 f;1 i!· . I ~~ct ou, noi; cm ·r;w o;,r, J. c~· 011aibility, ·,-,,·o li,r !-tr . Llnoc,ln n in£1~-1·u c t:l. or.s in t~v cr;:- '1.'.'t1 Tt--1cu1~:..-, «rn·:in- ll."' tho nn~c :r nc.um ,. r•n llO int: O'.r',l.ln i t ,. v c.,..b.n1J...y , tliu l.:I nv ui d.i n c; sny ~·os}imrni biJ iii:- t,r_ his ·1 t'rt cs .Pr"ifi.lmrt; , y~f 'li g:t v :.l.ng Ov.i'.dc1or..t. -:- l odf© t o Hm1l oy o:C oa.c intfmdc;id f i 1elity . So \';e :Jtood f rith:!:111 t o 'f;'ho tr.rt.<~o till t 1,o r-eiJel 3 "Yi oJ.a.t ecl it . '.l:Jnw , one nftc .!.· w1oth(jr , m;y c r.l tu.mi~ tors ; ,1•0 ii t to D1 n ',o , . .nd }. i . ' o.,, , 7 f" V I \, .. • .. 1 I 01 a tcn c1s �- 430 - nt:s..n"' :3 vi . : ioe.'. 1')'1 ; 11.ow mi.w1· to 'l:J.Y ~1or.c:t·, 1 l.ci:.tvo ot:10:ro to :..'V011 . Ee sHi<l I ca"!"c:o ·to i .i.•:: , 1.n lcHn. rmo. c.~kni! 1·im to a.g.roe X?..:i-~ "'E t'v tn.c 11 Crittcn.'to:n (;(;,1:r,1ro11i::.o . 11 w1 en no rno.:•1 i:n. l\.a:::rica. ..,!Otlld he.v0 been i)eforo !::lC in rc;jlD (!tiilf . ,_, 1,, .,,.,..,,..... OJ". .., -.:- ,.,_.:; r.::wl1 i.:olerati ·n ' ~- miso:r.a.bl.:· -J:r.• ilure and ft-1.rco ., S-ach tire t" 0 inf 1~1:ios o f p:J,rty o,n-vitude i n 1..m,,riea. .. I :;rl!lke in vie.shin5ton in f0;vor o:f ,·;~r ( ooo U?.me ·tone , in 1861. All tris ., r,u:olichcd. if.1 ·,,s,(1.o ' s 1if .0timo , hns no\'"q::: been de:niedl 'r-Vf'Stern Uni on Telcg1~aphi(~ Oo:·1:i_ 1e ny , to :,i:-,di .J)n C. J oh11..::on ·,or C .. i • • Cla:,1 . By tclcgr~r~h :f-roi-1 ,"n.31"!. i'f'f,'ton , i,tn1:ch £6 , 1 861; It i s i mportant t11s t ;_;c•11 urr. :1r..0u: t. 11.e- e, o. }1laoe ln :h,'n??ope . I r.t<lVi!" e ;,ron to t,-J-.t') Hn.i,mif~ in .... tone: of ~:pa in .. You •:Till !lU'.~~e ·i.rtl"'!OlltiC C~t:pi·t"c.1 'by it .. ....:. :BI,iLTR. •1 ~:,. <.." ~•--110:nr l •.1 .n 1. , . 11 .n.i h -, , . 1861 . C • , ivk•.:r c J1 Hon. C. i·. ,. Cl@~DEAH CLAY:- It oe o:--ris -thnt Scvmrd lmo cont1·ivocl -··,01·• Oe:r.1 :'>churz. o ou.Ul. $.CCept . wi thou.·t 1-.roviding from t h:~t gcntlom:m ; o.ncl now it it\ o:q>ectod thc:l; ho i s ~'0 -!'-il'l l,l · .i,.. _ - ~"?<''\J:' '11 , ., 'I\.;; t} ·P•i-..-ot,,.,1 . .{,,~.....•:-) ·-~ ....._._,....:~ -i ~·q·, on .1,.. ...1.. ,J.. W \J 1.J •..• •i-,., J...ll. li"1~r0J)"' .a.•• '\.-J , 1 "1· \ J.J,.. . to noao-:p-:; oome pl n.c r~ o:c il'lf('.,ri or g:r.·c.d.e , or be left ot11; i n t1 c c ol cl ril togother. In t his condition of o.ff::.:l.ro • t J·e ProBide:nt authori0ed t}1e Judge to of: o 'l r, - ~•~,...- , ... �- 431 tclc;;rt.Jili ;mu~ :;o 1=nort ,·.lwthcr yult v:011] C "".;,. ke th, T.u•·r '"i_.. .,.i "i'"'··inn , v,ldr.J I 1n. i,-:ivc 1c ~.n7> 000 po~.- r·nn-Lu.t, ·,11 1 -~11.11.u <"J~)cn tho ,;pr-..n:1.:-·"tA :. :Lei .r t o Sehttr 1. " 1 t'l-!.i:n."k i:f .)' Ol7 wmtld do this . j:t-; ';'!Cm.1d be El (;2' CCt th1116 i'O:t" y,•U , t.nJ ,lC>'<-1<1. Ci~.-€:! ymi_ g:t' f''l i; :l,11cl r,n t••c: <;.er , "''rff , ;:: .nci. 1;}10 rc/1 i cc.1 "'.:en 1 ' ' ~~_,cq•,-an7i+ .r, t11 ~~ T"•' .,.t.' •..'!11.' -PQl"'l .Li.,_,, I. t"'11·'.,. "'Tri -1 t~ f' "v 1w-...... uc.. t. c,f,-:,.,...,~i\..f O 1 C. oont:t•i Vr'c.JlC<.; of' : OtJf'.:l'.''rl C , fro·· ,:.:h·· ch WO W<.>1.l J d ~).6 i~r:U.e'~- d. by .)'·o;u- ,lt1E1~r:11:;.rdtlty . I t'l.·u:;t yo~. •::i1:l .-10t.1 iihlr; i.n t.}w li['M.: il1 v,1}1 :ic1, i i, ~~);)Ct\ria; ~ 1 J. '<"C'' ; r•·-1r ~"' , ,~, .....'' ':Jl lll' ,.•'Cl"'1 f f! 1.' ~ ;:..J. ,,i..;..• ..r. . .••-"'·· ' ... • "-c·.,I,.~; 1 cr06.it ~...11i 1t(Y":O'.t' :l.n thie,, ..,ct , rnci . c;(; tl1r~ r-.:::.n-o +,i.mo y ore \:iJ..L hP.i, 0 t.hc r110ci; f r Jen 1i<l. c0u.--:-:·c in :..'urc:;:e .. 5 .... 1'1,,_,-.7, \''i' ·1 not 'h(i :·~oOi.i:O(t :i.n t'.h'1-t r·ourt .,. r:n accon:r.rli oi 'h:.a boinc ~' r oli+ H r-.1 rc:.C;'ce;co , r.n<l t l'i'.1 5.s ·i;hc 111,;· r•ccc1m ,..hy ·U; is rrnt tt1n:·• c.::c<1 · '- • J ..:..'' ,J. .}' 'Vl I ~~ _, · l,L.;..1.v1/ -"- J £,1.,, .J h:i.r.~ • .. ·~ t Jr,. ·. .. BT,J.J:R .. ~,1,·n:1q _ 11.•.,0:,,..,._ ..-t'•r,•· . ., _• _,. ti. -"l1+ Jv# 111"'r.ti..; -.-. ,,. f,,\~ fj \.✓,.>J:-.i, J'-'U t D . 0. C • A ; • •r •i ] . •• ,<. ~o <·r.l ~t:, J 1 l.:J'V Col . Cas2,i-:1.c ' ~ Clr'0' -.D<:.H:.!.l.' •:;i:r: r,.,n:,.. .ot:o of ·t;}-,_i~ 1no:r·l1.ii1..:.:· 1·ccoivo<l. Ju1 or-6-c:· h:,P ·o r:r:n .i. !-'..r-.1. eel to tho (rr.c1..:·Ki..:i<1.; ";)c-i- a:rtJ,l(JYl ~ to _;•._; •.11i i{J1 .,,-or wi:ti1 rn.·iuG no :z•oquontod. Vor:-y :::·n~) ~i:·tfull y • ci T . r,;-r ,~j\ t~~?r;i., , ..._. v - J.',1 .h 1 U ... I' .~onrctn'.1':'y of --e:x . ur·c,n 1.r!O wh·i.1 •·t in font ck;; q•.ic1ily 1":Waitinc event:~ . 1:m-1y Of t l'c ne p1;7 me: \;it 1: ti· nm.de no ~re:1:· ; tl.S ic HUP. e'-""01n-n ••o· i.!:_.o ,.. •.•#,. • ~-~ ~ ·t:o W}liCl': jt1Gt ·-•il "'"' 11 1,ortrn1t ·,.o:r ,Jeff~ to I �- to a < 1mn ( _,..,2 - ~ v1 -m_~, :.ve i ,.. c; ~, i '· ,.~ f ,. . t: (1 .f 1 ·:- l' Lincol .. t• n ,· V. 1L r r; .a . lC ··x ......~ .. 1. :fri en ~• of' .... ee te1y Ol,1 -'; o:· t hr · l1 -tho cf:"'icic [''] -~ 0 To _h. E ~it ' !. o:i. he :crl vely nl �( •II,•,:..:}<;.) - cu:·e ·t'hn.t h~ <H:naJ.'.J.y :i.O11ra for t116 f nBdc:n o:f c:n i.n tiv ... 1::L {! ~! rJ,-:-t c ~· to ~11nek tl:o!~:- sm1t.i11nd,~ "··!i;hrm1; 1.ioirn~ 1H1.nir:1:J.oc.~ r..~irE:cd.. r).t' £\, vli i_l. t:e ·1 1n'~·ui:>• ~ •• 1 • 1-' 1· .J,., A..J.. ..,,~...., • • •• .A -r::c,:.!t,t r.-~:, ...:c : i~# ~ -.1l~:Lti J1 .., • i11 .:.~~ ·:; r:0/1-tjt . !.Ir . Cle.~~- i;.'! i'.Lu.t - f ov1.;rJd.l~{ t"-J"lci t I.!.vl;':.-:10f:.1:·t:c-rU.;; \~. ...,n t' :~ ~ ·.·.blicr:r. ., i.nt:·,:,i..- 1. ':the (;rc-.nt i.:."'r.:J.~t o:t "th0 ...,, .. ,. ;.-_ " · ••l"'"~-.... s ,.; ' l.J\.- .... , v._, •~ ~Wotl.1\.1 J. ; ·-·y·,•,,~ ✓,'.°'1:,., -.J lll,t,c..»v ~ r• -i r,>1 ··'- -n - • I.&-...'. ,·1·J '\ · . !·} , J ..,l .. t \. The ·.•.r·rt:m-:t }.tc l-;':.a o.f' tho p~.a:t y o..-.1c ... !.:!.W]- to r j_n ~ri:·r.1 o ,)•1:nnnr-·,H1f1.rins -~ii a =:tute " r..:..1lr, 1tJ1.r e r 11 ~.1.·m".1:.t·mteb ~ 1mfavo1 ,,·b10 ~c ·'7"h'.\ C'"!'l't' !:'.,-'{;(.11_1f;' ..;Ut£·nc.- 4 r,.:::1.n(;i .:~uo .w ha~ cptmt; ~-fl ].:i -::o in i-11•f1othd.:ng . ~}·.'.s ,~~.n 1.1<"~n f.uJ.:t:r •n<rn· n:ir·(td hy t~rn 1:, rt1.:ilico.1?1 in ,:;.}w obr~~i or.s -r:l .~c , l)r ;·f • 01,-er,, - J1e!'~) .'1~,~ J. r~ ~.-n:tod }.i~ r ·,1:.1•:?'0;/i:Hf5G ::~. ~ ,~ .'OHf'e s ; •', " 11 t' t;"~l;h·L•d.5,$~ o.nl:i:1.dlcd v1hc110vo::-)' :!.1l~1 11,,...•lf) i. , •(d."orretl ·l·o ; in P,e veto r-.h t':tl 'h :ri r.1; en. icoa o fol• th,j :uomin•"tion of -Yico-.Pre::iillent. ; 8: u, le.c,'l;lJ' > 1n t ..H' f::wt ::..t~lclf -t}~ t ~ 1 .- na:10 i ~· no··: n- t : ,._mstt.1:ni;l.c7 0 1:m11ectcd. wit}i th-., ,ioo~:ct~:J:-Jr-1.r: c.1: ·ra . .·• ~.: : 1 3 1ar1 1)int.,1en~ ·;,:,.,ul 1 dJ1.1.i_•t;·, o~b l~ : c boc:n hi.:s h ~<.l ! 11'1.;r-10n-t; o:.<~'1-•iod ti':e er n\C.:-3s of 1856 . ,"·nt mi :-!.L 1w.il'o ·0,Hn1 t•1,;·11e:J1t r,rt)Pcn· j 11 t, c ·J.j;:!:r.nc,: o:i" t?-10 1.m.:rty . ~or·i;[;_ 1 nl.,v 6~:~ n0 t no,1 bo dec'ood. 1:·-~; l"Of<n." - tho _::~.r GJ' lmving riD0J1 j:r. it; ,, t'tren;-i:h i:rn ct .c.ai.;;e~cto<.l its 1·,-.,1n11ood '-"4t"' : ~"" -.\.1.. -u• t---•1 !.·~••1.. ,lttl ...,.. -t .1.;.1~... "'· J:t :1.}, y :-:--o: ,,:;roi i,r!f•:i; ~;}:c n!,?.1 _e; o-C Cn0liitrn ts . Cl~.y 1,n:~ l'f•CQ'.''1/('.:6. , i:nvr~iu.b13r, nt .:!}~ic0.£0 , :i.:ri t}'l.r't i·c--:...;·r :::-~mt:-.t J~;o chn-n 0nt.icn , ,~li-;;i_ ao(1-l01iw,i;j,ol1 , t~.:r:·. ":n.t11.u;ia:1m ccn:~nll(:d r 1nly iry tho ·"'t"O"r' :i.TJ ·. ••vor o·1' Ti:nc•r, 1 n ··•11t •'et•..,1·0 ~hn.f. t ;; ~;f. "'..... . ··,. :: •. ·.; ~ ... ~... ,: ~·1 ir-~ ' '\t;d .. ·!.,u h:1-;, .o o .dL !L('l vie:!t~-, __ e,,::i.1..'C0n.,,y .t ....coo. 1.:rm ,Ja,J I; W!101· ,, • :(.~1... : ..r J J •• 1/ i:-__! • ·n:h(-s:ro ·t.: o Philr-.tlnlr,:hit~. r. o:n·v(}Ht.:!.on of 1656 l'llaOoll M.-c . Lincoln, iv ~.. ec_z Lo s c•nc o-r J.:3 a li.ttJ.e i:c o lo 0. to :.':i:r~d i'i:.ult Y.dt11 ,,:J.' .. Oln.y ' r; i~e:,n)ilicc:nj.sm, o..:· to :J t.cr ·ni; to ·,:-e~t1 h:1.11 ,,xt 01 i;;i.c- :i_>crf..;y • .i:ht? J ol i.O'. i ~:t 1·~ L ··lut-i r, , ·, ., Y.'C rm· ni, .-•n!-:ly '"' <l'l))t,o<\ r, · c, recent r.cetin,· of t:ro ho::!:rcJ of ~M1.tro1 o:t' t. Li' r;oy; Yo:;;k Ymu1r; t.for1 ' ~~ }1(F'u1; 1 i (' ,-.,.;1 lin1 on ~ R'fl..:so:·Nl-1D, 1l1hr-.t v,o ct i~J~1ltii.r1 ., ei:r- o-.n·s~lvca o.nd :tor , ra f, 11bJ. :l c.:,:nc c:f. 1km York ell thc-ri..c1it,a o:t oom1.:r•omi r., o in t~ o i:,<~c (n' -:-oni ..: i,:ln:· c,~n(-{Ol' ~d i:.np:-:r t11ro· ,;,a - jJOJ.ii;.'v:l.nP •f;l r.:::. r,, P ,J'\C:."'ltmor:t tr.t•i or:::c:i.ly mwt:.dnc,(i 1";:t" .rn.t~11 M(Hl.TlfJ rirL:.rt bf:1 de ... g raded in tb!: o::it imr,:lii n·, OJ. tho f'Or'l <t , imt :rom~1in , {i.urin f. i ts further imcar·~ein torm of ,a ont ·i mumce ; a scorn an:.t ~- b;, - wo rd. si1ont men . It.~f~o:...-~11m, ~' o:t ·.:o n:, tho j_l1clo::..•so in n.o ".f.f'~11oe r~~ inccAinc nJ:r.:.i1.i:;trP.t5. on. whi,~t ohnll 1. :·o,.-.,cnt p, f i rm, tm.yie:i.dine; f:t'ont of or 1 ooition to t_·:.1 itorn , e.:r-.d ,;-·1 i c,1• s hall indicn.te a pol icy cl.cn,o1,oc1. uololy to \:1 c cnfcrocmont oi' tho lawo . tho uohol ,11.ng of the Conut.ltution, t•.ncl the orpctuity o:r .tnc Union . P.ESOLVED , actil_,:n : ro1H)D,)d �-·~,) ,. ,·..:D, "'}•r.~- ~:,. · ' ·I.. .."If _;:;_ ;· qf .,.- .o "J:11i;;r1 1~ lC 'f..7C~:11:li~lf~ c .. ·:l~.. o.,..,o;) 0., :jr(; lilJt11:· , •,/0 er·::i.·rHn1 ;,.l}' -rcc'n-,· -ri_,1 , .,.\ ·;1, th ..t vi. ·; : , V c• ,,. ~•· -tntnnnt . no 1 ,,1c c,:;-'j .-1r;-· <.h' ·, c..:i: i::t!t•.fil' .; iw Pre:•ideni" •Jt~:;_,_tt· ,..,1,.,-,-'\., ... t. . 1 -~ ,. ""1 f1. "· 1' t1• ·• L"''1 ' "'1 'T r,•)".;.1, .. · ·,,·· -~'·,J 't ·;1 ·v, C '•.£At. 1,.·n.cte:r t~..:.1.\., l't?.. t~""i, l"f\....,t'C'Ol... --t ";C a :. . .in{irurt ,,,,.._,r···n·'l~ +1, --, t~,_ ..·•.., \.· -,.,::.' ~...J. -, •: ... .. { v· , ~, ..,.~, !' ...,; ,,\, .·\..·' c- c-;.. .......... wu:,.J - ~.-.. . ~LDr'i e, t.'f:,{ , tl,e nsv1 ;;;,.(\1.'.! J.1 ,ii·tr"',b 1.w1 · i1l v l o t ,..... \,. t ,'-l • -.' ,~,·., • •~l· ... • ... . ...... a,>,, •J ' I.I\•,.\. .. I '1 ·'r' •..z•e ri<' ."·i·t;r , ~iiJC robellion checked t tmtl t1·0 ~Soll ha nG~,~'."lt t1-,t,r:ct1 .i i: !;i•P Unil ·r. n : •t1Le :1 -;;e•1 , n·~ :li~~t .• 1 "'PC1. '.i'.~~!:\. ::.; I'. I f.,t •,L,• ... :'Pl•• ••• ...., ( "'.:t)..!!. A) Ir :-' . . • CLAX • ". ,e HCC ali" ~ll1 O::<J!~ .. :1-r:-::-~ ~;l1r t .. :f .,. '·tYl{''L. J..n h"S .•T. • Cl:.y • : '(1:':.!lXJ U"cl<C1' :l.t~.c:n:~·.·o'.i..~) 1..,.;:i,:~! l Ol'l'.:/.:::.0">1 :l:n 1 C("-;.nocti"n ·•ii"'~~ .. i• £.'ttnt"-i; i r;, 't:i.orw.J .'.:.~·v:i.:-·ot'fh rJ~io 1 1 :l.~ ;;~i, : .·,: ~lllt)~,J.c1 :)c., ;,. ..,f!.i.! 01 Lt· . _,}.r-i;y t· ;;.o"', e:r n,nd ahiJ.lty J .1. n1;.."1 •,·h) .·e.l'.!ciar.ott ,. lG'il 1"!].Qff!\_r,nt c:r:6 o :•.r·cL :.'VE'J • <'r :kc 4Y'.:.':i n · t.iw lal,c \:i.c:t .. :-ious 1• • ,,., •.I 1 y...., <:t•l• ~·h/··t•lt ~-·1" '!>-.,-,, l1·· '·1"'r c·•v,-,J......(• h,r \, ~..,..-r.(. ,J.i. l./ l.,1 \1 ; ,.;; .• ,~ J,.J.,.., l J . . .1,--.-r. . ,.l..O l..i.V.U •• i,1 , '.Jt;/ i..,1 .-, , •.._, ,t• ·i r . r aci)'l';j::'1:i:..·~;r&:·t:i.on . -1. t \ :Cf :"1, ".fu"i::1·1.:;;!'i•tii..;r. r:01.1..Lf su.ccea1/.. 1 a iru.f t 4 1 J. · :,. ··e·n""""'1r•~• 1 t ·it"' 11n,_-. .,.., f.t l"" • J. "_.;,.1tt Ult'.y :ii~ s~1.c:1 ., lie ic. r...:.,a. b;-,.c bucn, (.~ Reirti.blien.n., ·..<her, e1r,· y ," iJ1<:iI le~ r:iero r:d; t 11J.7 1.:11 u ~mla.r: hut wher,·: :i t ·. n.i1 not r;~.:f o t;o c.-:,crw, or 0va11 e:r.tort~.:i ··- ·t;~ •.i'.=., ~ l"c 1"r:, - v~ t-.. m.. t;,r :;·co.'l' i.l dc:.cmc.cll. 11.1.1· ).'r,t:Tld.:p1t?S , tu:~ t"l1r, 1' i("ht:;i o~.' t.' tltwi:.1- t··or.d.en 11.,u,u;:ni~y , - J.y~1 \ ·i.<,'..:.-.•niJo , !:.O\J~ , ,·,11 Sf.'O..,c1Jt;.~ :m t'!.!1C)J1.'1.t" :1 •-:tr>~-r:in0 h:i.'"r.1 tri '. h· -fa.co .. He J.onr t~··i,•, , ·, li 1· (~a ·~,:; ;:~ ni- ,·: "J:r-.<~:·1:·lt t: l..~ •:,11t• b.~:..-1.0. , 1 ···L1: 1 J.- -·,•r·1 '"' • A,J.. C~·,___...,. ·.1.: --;: M U\.,.J \ :01• • "'""' ..J.. \: ., , \ ,...,i.. f r n.nd rdg l i · <~ i:o. ..,.;h0. t)tr nr ; l hi ·f··, ·r 01· rrm·o been ·f-111.") li:.t;t~,r 1 0:..••p lb.•,: t•ucc hc.e bocn in :;ocpz.J·dy.. •fi; -:-renri wac ' c hur:<li :c:n~ h i e ;_::.·irpc:;.-t;, tlo<- ·f;· 0;1<·(1 ~ 1··•·{;h,:,1~:-·h (.)~',LI r:.doc hs }1~,I:l \'i1\h a hi:•rotlJsra t1 \ ', c:;;:cC'llcu b:s,r o:n:7 ~~.._ tho c:.--:1m:-.lt:'l of t1 c.r"lp1r:Ht llr•~;n J t _i ff:. ,;-r.-;i,·. ·l;t) ,,ur ,·frr•i··,1<-,r- , 0J1u i-.h0 J"j •,ir•\i tJ ,. GL" r J1lld 11~1·. 1iC ~~}1al-ro h r. nds anr! ·pn.:r.t cm t r,.;riy 7ri~;h 1-i1vtt"ed r,-r.ci -:--,ri t~'l-,l 1 cr • ; l ;_ s .t.:i :'' c ~,i11<: ,~ .,r:. ·c ·i; ;i '"'J.O i1,. 1; l1 (' 7--.'f h· .~ bee t1 bnt J.iM,le b{itter i;r,"n 1ih<"t o~: &i1 ,n1t(}f'..,S't :tn n.,ciQty 1 h.U, /r•i('1 tr.l:.:'h .:.t•t> ...'.'"1 uo,:.d &.l 1·01~~tiu-av !1-ll rn~n~1r-roa : hju fa.·u ,, to ti:r•.t. pnl i -i{"r,.l T ·c::t'ortr1ent in the J.c.lll oi h:3 ;~ rvtti ,..1 ty ; .:. "'O r;l'.i<' h his t010,1~ ao mr.i r.rn-t;1 f:i. l't1:,·d. h~ 1. :for , cn'O"'J'lrt· Hi·.:- lcwc.lty ort ,~lr•: .. li1 · t C 4 L.,.,, ¥ St-'.!$..le<.t.; ' 1'(1 f LCJ' } ... }:en 011 RCl:Jlllt.iirC. 1 :um h f.!.S it in i ts pc.vrcr to 1.tJ,tcl.cn {md <ihoer t r·o hcc.rto oi n. .J rir.11.J-~ n5rc10 , 1 on ·1n, e r,;o.do de~olo.to by a vmr se ~f.l<lcsr-ot ie 1·oscr ·l...-.tion ,. .tor d cyoi;ic,1) to -pr n~ip:Le , b,r con:fcn:i•i11f.,· riowc-:r ~.rw. noaitt cn 1 unc1 thus ho·norine tnq hero, t.o ,-;rhom hcm.o:!:' 1.G dite , m-icl olothi :ng �( olot1i:iq }·.i v·il;1~ {:he 'fW ,,1>J:- c,. Co-v cr:r1.t1<.mt , Vlhic~. 110 )~[',f' }}} '='cl ,, l ;_ 'h lootl e-ren to ·ri·i",toci; , ,10:rond, , n6 l;,1-. 1a 1.1:0 , is ii. not ~1 1,t1.iy to (l;) it? .i.Ccni.t1<.,!-:-:; , !Zlirve-h, :.l.c1 in ,;.:--:n.~ ~, ::}::y ,, whono r· o il ~1."'B ht.JC)~ "nr· ic}'1eo. 1-r: CJ. ~1;l r ~, 1,100d , mi- ht. f:r18\''Vl' no ; }y,,t t . :i-'1:,10 1fo.i:th , t.. c::,,~ utef ,l nnti!;11 ; wi·t;h c ne e,c.cord~ sv.;.r y-,~ .. N!!>t}·'h1r· Bhort of o. -c ce0,;n;l-tj m, tr.wh f.'r- ·!;h:i.~ will ,c i·d;! t0 .;r . Cl: y t;~'1.:~ . r('lt:1'D'it~r v,1.i(.;J, J1e o.:n6 hi~1 '01a·ehoL~ . c,1< ht•rn bo i' (10:r1.:l cc1. f c:-..· lo:n~, J.one yoa:rn,. t::',ntl. ..1 -.;·o h J.m 1 !. ;,;i1 , },e • ,01··t .i :r.•_iJ:.';'l.°ti o:n c.:n<1 lm.rn "J.-l.nti,in 11 1 i(·r· ·.. o ,·..r1 fcfl · <:i-..·, tr - c,:nltat t ot1 o:f hii, ..,·,1f:r.::l.ui :r:ot 01:11;· s-.t ·~· ..1e , i.>.:.i.t }lo:r1ih :m<l 1 f 011.th . <)v.-::- .:-:i.--·t:l lco :tcn·t. ,.ook ,,Y. r;n,f~: i u.a , ~ Gl~~f 1.r.eHts t h tJ <H) •GJ.:;1 ~•• LndO.L'fWnon /· o _ Ii . .ocs o:i' -~,.:h: )od;i cn ,)"!" t } l f'.l ~T,!):tfl ,. I+· • l~·:·i- ~~ ro:-011-:etl l,}ltl ue:.::Li11cnto of t;' o i~o01~:lo 1-1:1.tJ ·u ,,.,T'd. .. 1 t .i:., t.:lt:.'i eci..·r,cate of ~~c ,"ttbl:J.ri:..-,:n:f.mn .. 1 .o tt 1:lct.>.r,c ot llcr;v Y•:iri: . wJ-o �. ;>l.,) , .v11 ,.. ~ •I J.•nu: .,,..,, .-. 1". ( ·,•1 J'.:,, 'J' '-"1" 0 J1, •·'l'·•• ""., Chio , ( .L;,,, . r 'l -~ ....... -~t~(; ........ ·,or, . ..., • \"''1' d t:-:JJ.:Ao m;r-!-:"r.rr,~ ~ on::c:r.~;,,;i:r\od. ,. b,.: .~<:n i<1;·1cd) t ·o-· ,Y " ,, ·,.. ,, ,.. " 1 l''"l'"'-t · ,. ' "" ~, ~ '"'" J'• 1.•,:.i,.,, Oi• o tn~l1-¼':s-) "f•i'"' n] t. 1-l:Vu. '-1 ,. , i••·' w,111J{L , • '""J'i •·'-' t•, n ~,,. , '· t of ....I',."' • \ .1 ,,, lJ~.- $ :C Jwc. :·~ot- rn ,m~} <.1 t·,·~-:i; nw co· naw.c 1r-o , wh~, v·nn eo :i.ar:.:uif.cnt Ho , ronorc.J. f~o.vo me one of hi~ 0Vv1.. . Tho nox·t Pindin[.' a o)lil"l of tho Cuna.rel l i n,. (lr.;y 1 tooJt v;e.e about to Bail �- 1' ·t S .... .5.1 .__ Cl OF :to ,o t ..: to t.'.rt J.i• c:i· il ol ~ l · . "'nt ( ·i ' ·1 i .,8, . ,i) ; t) :r... .; ..,. · ko ·- o : ,. :."; . i ~;j ...., ·.• ri~ ::, 0 i.lP . \}. a. C,....b .in ; i ,_::_nj : H ~• i . . ,.I ( • •.,. ~~ n, .,r ·:, 11 ·c J_'r1 ~·. or, ::. t. lf l ·.er , ., ul; rr.u (;'l.l.L<:H t _, 1··i T ."'Oi -I;, r y e·,; 1 ll" • , O'.! r .... ,. .; sf;e ')i' , IJ j ,:""1 \ , ·- I-L w ~. ..'., I it:-,. .. ,.;, l' kt'' ~ .; • ; r. ; r:c .• {., • f ...fi . \J. I:,:\, 1 J , . ·b 1.u .!. . li , Conl y il t en '· b • 'r· i l. t; 11 0 • }1 \ h l) . 0 -~ t, ..,t• T' - 'I••. ·e .. c -.,111 ;- r1;•ui :Lo~ ·:e ·o·~ t, 1 r.r.:n cl I 0 ,, • j_ 1[.;b ,11:} I 1~ •i nir;h"· . . ·.n h ...'q .,, 'i. -l;h n in Oi)ec· t. .... .., t J_ . ,1 ·;..., · ·1 .!.i · ,:t r1 ....v i--t . X' ·; f: • ? o·.-.zto P:1rli • - i•.1 1(! l i iC -.:., 1>rcrik'"''"'st '.11.C • ,·,0 C J' thon c. 11 . e Ad·ms ' +.o !:~ rJ y · s ··: v~c ,t., t 10 , ,I. i •j ,,,.,., ..... t .. ! .:rn1b 01· 1 ;i o:f . JC . ·] C , . .. o �- 4 8 - I r.ro .. t p.JJ. .11 ·_, t ·r ,fr ... , v·i. cl :tn t • st u mo . ,,, 011a. I ' Lo~·ct •. D'I:...:r~c . i, l n.a1o in ho •.101· . in,· ot.: oi' t 1•.:o bu.t il telJ. i e <m"Ii , free. , •;ith 1 r,J d ·,ell- tJ.r ~noo d en, , : olj_•·h a. n h r.., (',-j1ll in Ol'G< ic- . . . "et , it a.the 'blo-n.t1 1iYl)C . I ;oun sr. ,·; that vero c ' ' .1. ; t mi r; •-fj 1,,e ec1 'S ; bu:'J t:hoy .ic re o.i' ~ittle ··:nte· · " i.; • ' h uu::-.io i n ., :r P:...Lnc,> r.i": u- ; 1· 0 • .,. D,.nd the i n .., ·I; .•..t tes ~ 0 • .:.Cl'·c · oh J..... f ' ms oad . 1 o1 o··· Con-, ,or o ; . lJ f:... o·r· • ·· ., \'" it}, lt 1 ce -, ,ork .. y skine- dcl 11 over ..., cl n l, ~ 1. rd.s I h~ ,, •• V I 0 - (I . .. •1t ::2 s a Li bcr 1, "ncl esr, cia lly ,.. pei t i on ··as sent ·mmen , ·c. t e Y1(> n ct ,.;e:.:·e , t o ., -- ,,,_ to. i f' l1t1ent • cry ::.~ch OC[:"!iC o:1 univ crs men r.n whic- the i3 . :i .n . . . 1,ord n·ou hman , ' Unitet!. St t . 'l'.'rot'"' in I n the 01 1 oi :.:.n1; ro ,<1ecl e-• ,llory t li ' i'ront , li.~ , h ., 1 il n n o: I h ·· c1 b 1. 6 :f_ Tl•e . o c . -1 o od h o p l"'.co o:r t o I orte lu.y · , n1n 1~ ,· f' ~ e, i ., f P'I/ t, ·· n'!;e , l t, . e·~ , t),l1U. nn. r , •md tJ Til.'." .nd 1.· 01 · low, l ' 'Y' !3 ..i·.t nuc- t o :. ith in•··crou-t; . c.. . fo rtu - 1 .~, .k hair ~ 01."'ltO_ I '-it lP· , V elogu.n'u .en otol Ultl ·lni••tcr, ~i.m i.'r~i..no r1P t;h t 1.in 1·s, l 1 oj: "'"i•ti ormoni·';i:..,n . .1 WQ.f} t .>.~ l , . tor, •.. D' I •, ~·noli , uhc s-oo cch d . /,' JT. .iuLn:n u , i1 liberty . :l>~ h i :ro· ·t i l1 ;, in in t h a.."r\ anti- It s o h.ap 1 ened f ro n c ome ~""ti - fj l l:'.vo:ry or t e Uni on cause i n !lo , I hD.cl f'orme d t he t c in r i ce. , .i host and •::oot gra.tcful �•i.-. ~t "'l 1r:-.1.G .. �4 ) : X . .: , . • /lf! . ..., to , \. u 1)~ t1 en .., ,.. {t :o ..... -. •, ,. ' t ... :LC,. ov- '< - lJ y v,inne cu:<lly r on :uo �- .. 41 f ou.r t'h 'j I ,nn thu m I l to e encl ny one ; rlent , y0ur 1 U:i1ole . -tn - irnul . Be va i n thrLug a. \ S :t 0 l humble �- 442 humble , t l o ;, .i.ntine;. the i' trdolrinf ;,, 111 ['t thor , r....,.- h o comforted fill 1 :::it:rongt;)'l('>:,'locl , nrn'l be r.:t: nc ct: witl1 t1011 nnd tr1.1st:t-i.d of' Go(l . :.Irs . Clay t;J.rdly 1• c CAitf, t 1 ,, office 01 Cummottoeman on t. hc re ceipt of tho a<l<h·oso of t1;<:. .tf'l.<1i<>n of l<mrJ.::-.nd , ].:'rc1·id.o<S. it b o not -too lt1te.. It hn.F: boor:. t h e solace of lonr yegrs of. N?.jn:lnl efiox· ~!:' , tht t ,~ho ~r,prccit-~.t:1s rny r r:inciy,ler1 ant1 my :rn.1.rr,oaos . Tnour;l, nll t ho 1,-;orld io lo:Jt , hcmo ie secnr·o .. The v o t,e c~.1·t fo1· l"rle c..d...-occtint-; u.nco:r..o.itio:nnl cmcncipnti on on tJ1c .ioil wr;-1 n cH r fj:vo thonsl.).nd . T11cJ Colon:i.~ 0 ti on Party dic1 :n~t su~ tc.in me . Tut,n -thoy plw.11 g ive u:p that ircor'lr ro.mise 0 i, ith Blt1i/e- holders - if ever - our strene;th will bo ~ greo.tJ.y inc . eafJo<l. nunclc Tom'' ir.i rrrucl1 :i.:ec.t1. 111 KLntucky :--n d all iihl;) S outh; hori~"v ie mo.1::inf ditil:~ (•on vert-o t, onr C".11cc . :·/o iu·n o:..·e:-o.n1 zed , ho.vo a fooble r er.er u<l vocatin r on.r views , whicr ,-:e hoJ'e mulll'ner t c st rencthon wi t'r F-.n ~.bler e (li to r • ..,e ar e t;J , but d.e . ern:in e d : ~t rnny God defend the right "' Your ob dicnt ~:;orvant, C • ~.i • Clay . thli',. After -nartd::inr of rofrNfhI 10:nts , the lud ie ~ \Yho ,1ore • 1:osent con;- r C'~l'.: cHl in one o-f thn n-..l~nu j_d s , loons ,;part 1 .r.:r:tJ ..lra . Stov1e • i::o t.',ted 1,c-twoon t}1(~ J)u.ohm::mos 0£ Sn11h ci-1t:ncl anti _l\...1•c;yll , e:ni;crocl into convorsc:Hon ith her nurn~rouo visitorB . . Ill tho ('<. nrr.e o:f hc,r O:)rC~~.ti on~. nhe Rtf4t ac1 ~Ju:,t the l cdie'"' of Bnf lr,nL= wc'r:c '-'io·i,llia.11 o.vn~e of tho :t·oc1."''. sl~t.e ofkeli:rw of -the 11"die:· oi ll.l"1m: ica. on the m.i.b joct o s lavecy: i t mu.st no·t be judged of by the &nswer sont t · tho nddro~a, 110:c 1.>y tr,o s1m·tcmonts in tr.n_ }Jncr:ic an newsps.:pors . '1:~c ). •·.dice of 'B'inrlc.n•~ s eem ;10 t ;:t>o a.t all a:wva:re -6:f th"' deor, f eol i11g of oyrupnth~1 rd.th v:1licl1 11 Uncl o 110m' e Cab inn wo.a renei vocl in t~morioe -J.onc he.Core i t ua3 kno·:m in hi'7Bland . Tho press i n Al::lo:rioa lie.d invf'.rit'lhly spoken hie;hly of 11 Unclc Tom 1 s Cabin" . TJ1.c fil· ut r:ord th:-'t ever or,rev:r·EH.1 i..n • r int egainot 11Unclo Tora' s Co.bin" "a.o the artinle in tho TI:.ws , wl.ich \·1s.s rerrintod and recchood in the American papors , and viicloly circt1le.ted i n tho fo:r:·r:1 oi' a trr.ct . The o:ttt.er- ncoo o.nd nngor ma.nii'eated again.et; tho Ladies ' .A(l<.1reso ~11ow<Hl how nntch of i t o :force· hacJ ongE:.f;Od : ho actvoe at es o:f islavory . L cd:1.cn in En luna. were h tl..pi•il y iit?norant , of s lnvery ; yot t ht. t a<ldr'C'SS }1ca. sho,m s~7mJ'lt'~tny , and oyrnpa.tliy was ve-ry sweet . Thero v1as no bittor :i:eoJ.inr botv10cn the le.di es of tho t ·wo countries; t,ni; the 1aaies of America can not , hocanso of -eeee eheo- the i r huo'bands ' :personal aml noli~ icr;l feol ,neo , nt n1a forth eml sey what tboy i'oel on tlie r:ub,ject . Some hac1 sai d. that "Uncle Tom ' s Cf.bin" was no·w forg otten ; but it shoul d b e menti oned ,ma t 60 , 000 co-Pies of the "Koy to U:ncl o Tom ' s Ca,bj_n n vrnre nold in 1;nt~eo d nys . The 1>rac tical d10efltion zm.e : 1'iho.t cen b e <.1.one t o forwurd this fTee.t lfMo'f'x? She looked i'irf)t to God ; but r.w.n also cou l d �- 4,13 d J somet:t-.-jng. Strrrpr- th;/ -:nuni; c~,,nt: inc, to be ox-'rcctrnd . Brit ·i cl• nubj ccts :~n C·nt~d.8. r.mst bo oc1nca.ted . Tho 'ill:H'i of the f ree- r:r.mvn cotton mu.flt be e:ncou:rage(l ; <1nL1 t hol'e 1.wre otbe~c wo.ys in r;h ich thi rJ great Y1ork rn2y be aided by the J,eor le of Ene;lsnd , remembering thet , afi:;er a.11 , t ho ir:011.e if1 tn tho hand.n of Him t h nt: orcleroth u.11 things . Trh~ com1,rmy began to (lio"Cerso noo11 nf.-tor :f."tvo 0 ' clock, OVC!t';i a.rrccartne; to ;1e t}:-oi,oueJlly g :cat·iiiod wi tt the int t~rcst:i.ns ·proceedil1gs of the cl~y. il;l.rs . Stor.-e en(l he:r· :l~ri0nds v1er0 e.mo.ae the l ast to leave t ZJ.1d ·.i;er e accor:tr a:nic d to tho en 1,r e.:n.ce hall hy the one Duchess of Sutherl~.nd , who there i,oo~ l csve o:f.' h e:r. f;'llG b-C S • ~€-.v4.Ytt; h n.vinp- ha.cl· ~ o::.·rc :.'T>o:z1d.<::nef; w J·l;li m!',my o:f Thvma.s Clc.:r:'.(aon . them. inolutli11g I ht.il t~1so roc"):ivea. &.r. cler·arrt; r,rj.nt of the }-31ave - i;r:~r~e on tho Cc~.st of kfr.•ica, ±'rf.lrned :in r onc i/l00d v.nd ;:·01 ,1.. ~ from T,hoec icn:tl-3:men . ~-'.'i het wn.s m:y· hovror , tbr11 , ·:ii•,e;1 Bx·ougl~ n.:m. said to tJH) :.:i-pt)&.KOl' t t ho.t thiG !i'V -0Stion \"1ltho-i.tt ft1r·Lhe:e c omr'lo:nt . bo 1f.d.cl. ur,on tho tttblc; - ·· la.coo. • ·1 s:l'1encci .I 1:n o"i.:e~:nru. :_i"his 1JG8 o. net1 and torriblo r evelation to me ; / ana I can not bet' or co.m)e,:i.:c my if'lfJ1ir.1gs than to ime.gi :ne thot.e of the f oll owers oi J:l1orm-.H:} ~~ '9811'8' Jiioo.re r s Voliled wc1·e 1·eveo,lccl to them. ,J . Lot}u-op Ifotley . tho ::)i.ttch h i storinn, ·who was was k ind enough to got me introcluced to LorcJ. Pa.J.:merston ; end we visited l1im t ogether at h:lP r00idoncc o::n Hyde l?a:r-k , from 1thence the n.gotl but Yi Boi"ons r;t at osro.e:n welkocl daily to the �- 444 ·o . ~O o Comron • · f:. . 1 . -· il" ·, -~.-!. i" e"" o·" :o in. t:i in (l ,1 ti 1c 1 o 00 O.'' OUt l1 G C i ;•i ' n ,c :· . ~-:t:. cl 1. 1i & .L .2or l 1.i Jt to of th ••·:.. ~:r ire. . 1~ •·;c t · d tl •, .oJ. w i · <fh hi;) li:•;e:n d riol l •el r , b 'I; i.~ 1 o ,. to .1 1 tho ;o~· d : l:m :,l:·1~ . , o · u: 1 tho o j_ om:! d, e cqu.all:;· ti,•·10nt t O O o:r.t J J' ,t1r.,"'.': i .L \I/ .. ~ l.c1.. ', ,r <1.ll . o...u 0 en o. ... is 1 t. 0 .tC , Of ti l C nt u 01 b : ,. ·h. ! •n , C •:; ...L "•j ; on v: 1:: · <.: 1,jic .o .. .1.'ho ,- • '.:" . .c.• lJr.i ... r J)O · f.: i . et ,,C _ollrn.":"C e H.) t·o. to vh !~ndon l irne . on on ·.1.. i rnos . f ,.., r't' , t. •• s •- 7 ' • ' - 1,. i~ _ s of I! 1~rica.,. r. Yr, ~ n 1 ·lt:t.1~ �. t l P.nt :lc . l • 11 , ..... .. u ..f"'i:.t: ~ ' . , f. oat lie , , ·.. . clo' i re .~ .l Ot Wl' n cue n ·t 11· y e Unibed St atoc ut to ,.a . . 1 ' J emi o re ·er th~ ix no politic 1 �( - 446 - la:t e ~lli es c:i. ti1 e Do:-oc.,•o,t i c 1Jar"uy , 1l0 inp.- nor,· more or.rncst for t1ie rm.b;jtig~t i o·.n o:f thH rebels t1u-.n ·the Rer,ablicr:ns . 3 .. irnut cnn :ro . . . c overn e '' s 1b j uc::etcG.' 11oop J.o a.rid roC'OJlG1·.ru<"'t tho ''Jnion?'' U-e do not pro11ose S6M-~, a~ - to 11 sttbj12(:uto '' tho rovcl toa. ,·t: tee - wo ·:roywee to/ :p ut clo,,:n si?1:rrl y i:ihc r ebel citi~:ens . ···0 ro to ,;2,c resctte o f tle loya.1 ·Jn:ionir. to 01.' all t1 o BtLtoa . Wo c c,x-1.,., s -r.d'ct~· D.1lt1 p ea.co :-,m1 libett;~ i;o the Vnionlovil1e r e orle of t he s onth, ·,.:ho ,1ill oi' thcm~el vec ( t l':o trr a.nny O't'0rtl 1·orm ) so:nC back their rorn:e2oj1·tc.t i ·~ os t0 Oonvrf}CS 1 a:na t'.h.! Uni on wil l b e "rcco,-u.. c:;:.o-cod 11 \!'it},out u r•l~Jlfe o-.f r lette1. . :ln the C011etit u t 1on of -the Un ited St e1 ea . Di<1 l!1nr-ln:nd ~1uh:Ju.vv:t c I rcl.. nd �I - 447 and Sc otland'? J\JJ,n tho 11n:ttocl kinfclom·.. les~-. hor.:or,011-.r:., t b;.nof old, b f'fore t1 o H fl."!'.' S tif:P inc t ret)f)lli on? So ~ {('Z£.t wit -..--m 10WEH1 stai:J,i1i t~,r r..Jlr' I'IOW~r , In t,1.cn . >:lm, 1o't 1.1:::: [\J':;k •'-he Br H :i.SfJ ,l'bl i O. SO'"' C' quc~ti ,:-ne . ,, J.. ';;'b::rc n'-c,n1.d. 3'!':i t•i r.:r l"c:nor ,,1.-cc ..,,or -;ntr is c 0r.tc ~t ? r·e ovcrt1,::ov• t r.at politicn.1 olc1 el~t ir /i,.no1•lc a -r.•hic·1 har.: all t1··e. ·,gl ~H 1 i ,. ~or· · 1H.OTL tJ-.o s t ua ied a.0:nJ1,1uoer r:.nd re:- .1 h:--tor oi' t· o •~rj tio1 n nt in,, ~ Yrhi] e wo r.eve b1101:-~ ::.-1·:r a;;- ' ::·r cY': tho b e tdn 1i11:r t}w fl.•:i.end.0. of T:;-1rlP"11d . Bl3Ct?lU3e , th:;u··1 ..md 0:r .-:1L:fc2.·cni: :f:o'.l:"l: .3 c)f Gcvern.l"'l(l:r.t, Wfi ' .:- {1 001,nno-!'. 1:;,rrnT·:..thioa , :Jnc a com.·!on ot.11s e , cJ1,.'. tno·:ofo~•c :'~ cc1,...1.rno:n i1'r'r. nr ~t . Eru:-1:-m1 v:Els t10 coricc:rvl':!;o,:- of' libt""'·'"'::T ·lr ET· or1c - i:L!: c-l d wr,1'ld ; wn h"'- t:, 1" tJ<·r,;. If "the C nieier$.ta Stat os'1 axe :i.':l[.l-t. ; 1i1Hm i ,s T-:nflF·nd vrron .a, lf ·1,-c~·:- ,1,;,1; 0 •1i; ji; .£ • ori:lniton:i • ~: 0 1.·ltl ; nc.:_· , • let ~}10 ::•tntnj(c ~t-, cfd t1 c.om1 'A;, . · e: r 1 }J~ once.1 Jl"'l 1·e vcr0r;cc "'.JC,· or r..,y 0 .1·: ,reo. ;he n ,urrni .': -j ~ P. ~ . ~ ~ i r ~ ~ the tr.act ,:lo:i::n.1i:: pt,p;o o:r. 1-:,(::,:, 1if:. to1:i::,v , n ;o cr,J. .1 be.cl:: h er f rood J7}Crl into c·,1ni nn ! i,,,t 1•fer 001. !·o l,ho du·t ,rr:~ o:: :froe.t"io,11 fror 1 oJ.1 -t::c n-:t to1..,f: vr1 ,<} h: vo t'.,Ufht L'Oi'npe s.:,.1d e !!lf:.r;m,ni r1ou~ 11 u.c:!..'enco on rn · ,'1Jurc£ , ·: o ti111•11 t o ::· 1n' ::.:,·cd' f :.; 11 l.;; a nL~;ou..r T .:::L:on- l- nu:· o· , t;np-}r,;r,c.1 i s no Pwrc E11f lrncl Lu Lc·t t}'lc TI 'JES O(~H- o "!,u Pj"l}' f'r,.,1. 1011(•--or to he ~r.Ji t J,-tc:nod. , ~ :,..I be e~-f·or.decl ir1 A oricr. , then :muft J~ngland :resto:::o i n t } e ~:flct I nc'i-les , blot i:':r'? 7 ot ·o o.r h<,r 1.,oliti('t:t.J. J.n-te11·1 ~ fmoe 1Jo i:;r1·o~m tkln , Wh{•n P;nrlt--:·,~ ~i·B .l. .t foreet t }10 tttto rr.:..liN:'.1H o.f l,er Cl.t=,t ht'n,s . r•or I' ilbor :rore en , c111<J her Brou{fb'l.1')'1$ 7- -~11c.t; n.• lin·c~1l J1rnt ice i s t },o on l ~•r ~mf'o di:plomo..ey n..nd l nst it:.-" ~ ,u.ntlatio:n o 'f t he incle·nonclen.no o f -r,ation.c . ~. r.'h::d, ·: f; t;J o :'tntcrest of ·~nfc'.1.c:rd rirJw? If we nw;1 d.e :.,cC'r:cl tc L1.wh ini'ot•·i.or :.~r o ; Js , i·>. :i.e cle. rly tho :i.n,;t1.,:oi.:;t o:.· ·~~.nf', nH.• to ctnnd :,y the U11ion o:f t hP. ~-tnter:: ,.. i"o a . .·e her b 1;w t conm;.me:r ; 110 te-•i..i.:i' ~'7111 mP.tr;:-ria lly ~.:t:i.'r,ct 1,:b.. t fr~te . Wo o;r:c 1 ho bes t cor·turrrc:i:· of Sn[;_._•nd ., 11c,t oocf uoe ;;:e :.,ro c-oi, t,~r. ;:-:cc,,7cru or e1. -t1;011 11ri.n"!l0:r , ~·.prio11~t t,11:-i:... t:, o~· mo.nu~.'s1.c·t;,1rers . l>n t i"'oc,ur o , :<: F.. r, r;:• -,,11:.c c r·£J cni'' 'lf.l.:,~u:rnc :;ur <, .cR , . 'I". ; }1av0 mcnc;r to n:rcmcl . It i s 1}ot J 1--c Son:t r.. ,, us i n urp-ed , l:u.t t 'l-te ?'forth i'fro D.T.e tr i; be st C'onc, .mort.. of hngJ.:L0h CO!tl..l'l.10TCC w Th,:; f ):'{ C ·,,1,i·t O lrbo_~er fl,(itj Ol;l,nitr.list :r.1~~)'{'."r t;},f)'J 'l.' fJC(I OL 1 1 ~ doc::. nov1 , end ~lwfl.;~e. vrj.:..1 7 r,,,:nenr.10 z 10r1:1 -~:r1lm t'tr- •.~·1':ltc t''i i.rt; P."t' r- n c:. 'he sln.ro .. Tro Un:lon nHl t}-o oz}..,rmg:l<m o ~· t;ho f ;;etos rn1C : c r•uoJ.iciM policy , r1.e.k:o ur tiw best rr..1 -d::o t :fn.1.· Enr:;1ri.nd s.nQ J.mr<"po . '.'"l,at hc.r, ~.1 e -,,,orlu. tr:, f ,.d.n .. I:lnc land , l<'r: n ee- , ot· a.n;y of' tho Powm·s to ffl-j_n by rcltucinf i 'he United. St n,t;cs t o o. Hezican ci vili~m.tion? 3 . Can EncJ cnc1 o.:Ltor.·u to offona ·t}:o f,.,i· roat nati on wr..ieh ":TiJ.1 :;ti , ., 1)e 11 r:;:i1,e Uni t e d s t a t es of~A••\er ioa'~ Er'l/er.. Oh ·nJ..1 wo J.or,c p: rt of tho Sou.th? Twent y mi l J. i oni-:, of poo'r'lc to--c.lcy t: i t r or v:i.!~l: ,~nt tho :nave . ta.to <;l,iJl tiwe:nt:) }/otlrn wo 1.~•iJ. l De forty rr.i l1 i on s . I n enothcr half centn.1~y ·.rn •;;ill be one 1'n.rncLrec1 T'l illi on s . We ,,,.:ill res-~. n ·on t1'e :rotOiria.c , t>..rn1 011 t r.fl we st bnn1-:c o ~· ·the ;, l noisippi P.iver , 1:"'·,.. :1 tl te Gul f o:[' .il.exico . Our rai1roads f ;:t, I"' . C, 9"'i:. ' .. �( - 44 8 - '*, Our r a i lroac.s v1il l r un 000 miles UT on a sin g l e p cr c.HU , bindinB our emp i r e , whi ch must mantE•r t h e At lan•~ic a n d l'acifi c Oc e a:ns . I s Er:r l an d so S t iCUTe in · the f ·atur c a e a inot h ome .ro~:.rol t or f oreign ambition to v entur e n ov; in ou r n e e d t o r l ant t hl" s ee d of r cvcne0 i n a l 1 our fu t u.re ? I f I rel □n d , or Sc otlar1cl , or ·,T'a.lcs 3hal l atte□p t to s ecede fr or thc t bonef:i c:i (>n t Gov€;:rnment cf -tho Un i tea. Kjngdom, wh i ch n ow light ens tl: e i r. tax a.t i on 8:rld g i v c s !·Lem 1;,ecm t i ty a:n<1 r espe c t a t home a n:l abr oad , :shall we enter i J:1 t o a r,i r at i c a} war wit l1 ou:.:· r a ce a nc1 ally , e.nd. Cbr,t.v.re an d s e l l in our l"Orts tho proyie rty a.nd. endanr-er t he l i v e s of p e a ceab l e cj t i z en s cf t i1c Ur i t ish Em1.i re a l l ov er t tw worla ? I onter no·t into the di s en s i or1 of de~;~ ~i l s . 1~11glanu., t h o , is our n at ural all y . \hlJ. · she i gnor o ou.:r as1' iret i ons ? I f s he i s jus t , sllo ou g ht not . I f sl"t€. is h c no r a t,l e a.nd me.gn e.n.imo1:i.s ,. she c a :n:r.ot . 1 f she i s rtist~, she w:i.11 n ot . Your ob eiclent ne:cvant , C . r.1 . CL.AY , . Un i t e d 8t o.tes IJi n i ste r J1J. eninoiion t i a.r y 7 &c . 7 to St . 'ctc r ~it,,,rgt . · Mo1·ihe::7 ' s , ~,on d on . :01ay l'/ , 1 8 61 . Go , dur i n g :~1 1 the Ci vil ·: ar , ov c-ry - where , the :E!n gli sh TT0 r e c.s '.i.n:i.mi ct"l t o ns as t he Slav e p ov,er i t c. e lf . DcH i dcH:: :rotl ey a nd ~'rernont , t l-c-:ro were ot t e r errd .n en1., Americsnc iT1 Lona.on ~ i :r:c1uc1inc s o~: er e.l ::oroicn Min io\ rs , D.w1 i t ':'/a s .'.:_"cno r a l l y ng:l:'ce d t }w.t an BJ?l)Cal t o t h o A Brit ish publ i G11. shoul d 11e ma.de a.t nnce , vd. thout mria:i ting tha s l m: arnl limite d. infJ.11 ,m co of 011.r i-H n ie!;o r , -11:r . Admas ; an cl. I v1a.s t h ou,,.ht ·bo be th~ man mos t f it t o tlo it . I ob ;j ect ed; b 1t et lcnr-·th pe r formed t hat ctut y by 0 £1, :Po this l e tter , k nown a f tor.r-12:r n as m;y "THIB1"3 Y Let t er ~, ns i t i"rns r'!t b l i s h c d i n t he.t l e~din c j our nal. Thi~ let t er rra r-: r-n, .,mi t 1.,cd to oth e"r' S n.r,c1 a:pnrove d , OSp" Cia l ly by '.\"Tot l ey , ·;ihO , be i ng ';'.' Cl l informed r c gardint; British :ffl cling ar.d. l i te1·ur y c r i tic i sm , ven t c u'.!."e f n lly over my lott or , and co r r ec·t od s ome c l a us e s . Th i s l ett er. , I have r.N; son to be linv e, did much to hol d. t h e Br it i sh p eople from the, haz a r d ou s a l l i an c e \'Titb Fr flnce nn d the Mex i can Inva si on . Ent t h e~ce i t stands , a.nd I stand by �- 4-4~ - by i t. X ~ T:tic letter attrectod i.1:e Pt t 0ni; i or- of t1J 1 .ii;u1..o:;- c . Arch:ibrld Al.i.ison, tho li~ tjncntz1 cci ~i 't 1·inn, i:-1 ce,ncc ,:c:ric0, of it , r_nd the ~iP..r:riot Beecher St owe• dernnistttllt ion , O1,0nod c. frionlll~r cor:r·cspnrclc)?cC ;7it:t. me u.10::n. A':Z7-I:D Mor~1 n, RoJ.ieion , end Politics . Somo of this cominf· to tho eyeB of the Imllli(; , t})e New York 1.i'lUBU!iE , in tho Es.ya.rd Taylor i n i.ri' u.c to l 1P)C::-- scde me in o_fice , in~te~d of com~JiMontinf me , d0no,1 nc ca me - I 1n n n.ot sent to ru8:.: ia tc di scn::;e Rolt.i On :-md..f,io:ra ls ! rn en I tr,Hl.tcd. tho n rtme .-::11.l.>jf:Ct in the Li be·cP..1 : ovcY_'Jent rt hvn.e , Greol0y er-.r. rrmcl1. t o commoncl ,-e-- i i, ·,·,: R i n uni Bon wit}: t11e T!':I BUNJ~; but when one of i to ocli tor n V/P.ntccl my ;.--lnco , it was rnonGtrou:-' a.:.H,unmt ion . Y(/.; ~ Taylor r,ro-posc'..'i , o.s a r '<as on wJ1y I s},01.tl<'.t t i vo ,ray ·to hj.m , thr-1t 1,e we.ntcd t o c.tut1y r-nd -r.-ri to 111, Hncsi:n h i Atory J Sc i t i s ';,el l r.ini <l , i:n the eila. adage : 0no rna:p r:m.y ~;teo.l n hor~e v,j_th i mrmn ity , whilst ~nc' her in hnnc :Cor. l ocki nc throu;:·h th e r•s.J.inrs ! " -c . . 1 885 . 11 Roch!-'!dalo , J anuary 9 , 1862 .. ~ry d.eR1· S i r : - I :rocei ved your kind lotter with mnch ..-:lc b...;u.re .. Tho e,rents emr1 clr r:cor:.:: of '!;l:c: l~ct month hR'.'C r.·rsso(1 oo 1nu.cl1 upon me , n1r-t I have JJost -- po:a.od my n.nm·ier to it i'r om. cw.y to uny . Lo.flt 11i.5ht \'IC l'P.ccj ved news i,1rl"i.ch , i f true , inu:ic1.l.ton that ·the i1;.1r.f'a.i s.t,· ,1 o.nr-o 1.' ii- oven: . Ycur Covc,.·nncnt has acted v':i t;}_ •r,o<ier.aii ion ruid a ti:"J.e e om-.~are ; t.n<l. I :roar t k>. t; v,c hR.Ye 1H~e:n y:un t inf- ln t·,rn.t r. c:1.t"?r,is 'i t;.,t a.nc1 ::or bo.l:,l'«\nco 1, o ·;;hi er, yon v-11?n·e en titled . Ou1· :nlinr t"lt,:?JG does not like you , or ;ron1· :i:r:..~~ t i t·it .ions , o···· ;rr,nn· "Juccons ; ,,n,• ou:: pnople ho1. e no· ;y-et so fnr 1lln to ft'rt. :.h recd f ro1r: i::no11il:>:) i 0n ·to it , · s to ~>c a juc.1e-rrH311t or ·tlw -~r ovm , so~)8.rc-te fro..: L:he .des a.ml dolu,.,:Lon,~ , 1·n•i<>t hnYn bocn offered t1!cn-. . :C hone nor, t hnl; this di:m1 er L~ ~.n.trmountod 'li1i t al l who care , f Ol' -peace w1 11 1 al> o.r. for :rt ; ~ ~ ' l . . . l:~rr.9:Pj) _:!:§ .. ~ ,~ conc·erried1_~,~r. ts gon.1.' cl 1anc0 of ·-01:torint ~vonr Uni~:7 a:na. yoin- .i:1ower, now or l.eG.rafor , to (lev.l wi t'!i t:bo s l nve question . The~e i o de.nror i n tho blockade . '11 hc c otton. <,,ient i on hr.s not ye assumed , b u.t it ms.;-r o.a:,umc , a form i dable shape ; ar;,: tJ~o Fr cnct r-:n.d E:11,·li sh , 0-vernmcmtr.1 mo.y thj nk i t g-ood p ol icy to for ce the Unite d Sto.tes t o r a i se the bl ockade . Ncthinr v,ou] d bo n e:reater b lUJ'ld er o:r crime , in ~ my Ol}inion , but iJ1v.n<'lr;r.c t1 and crimee form ' he utaple of the h:i.o~·or~ of c- oyo.::-nment o . I n."'l in hoper; that t}, c evidel't1; and gr owing s t rengt h of: t ho North ma.;<f conv i.nce Wuropo oi' the.ir ultimat e an6 not d.is t ~n t uucc ess ; and -then I think ·the tomrtation to any i n terfe r ence will be l e 0r,ened . ,,._ _ }., f )Toi.1 Orleans and •.obilo e.:ncl Savannah could bo ~ --t'f... Coyo'l'.'nment . then the blockaie mi r,ht 7~ ,.. �be r a i sed as far a s tho1se p orts a.re co ncerned , a n d t r ade i n cotton roi ght be ope ned , i f t hero a r e men in the inte rio r willing to be s a ve d f rom the ru:in wi th which the insurrection menace s ever y owne r o f propert y i n tho South . You h ave b eon justly angr y at the apparent want o f sympathy among t he ':Jlgl i sh poo pli9. Our ruling class h a ve , a s you know , gr e at inf lue nce on t he opinion of all below t hem in the s o c i a l s cale , a nd they un d the:i r press h ave po isoned the public mi n d; but a re ac t ion is now olose r vab le , a nd I thi nk opinion i s far more favorable to the United St ates Go vernment t han i t was some t ime ago , and that much op in:ion h itherto silent has been bro ueht into uct i on . The ~JIW.§.. NewsJpa.pe r i n London , an d the ll~:r:,aJ d,. in NewYork , a r e r e sp onsible for a l a r ge po rtion of the mischief. Tho gmgs writes fo r t h e ruline; class a n d the mi l i t a.ry sorvice ; a n d I suppose the H.~r.fl.l q._ wr ite s to p l ease s omeb ody or some cl as s in your country . T.'verything s a id by tb,ose journ a ls should be doubted , and mo s t of i t should be d isb elieved . '! e v;ill h ope for b otte:r days . I think we approach a t ime of sounder views in Eng l a n d ; an d when once your Union is r e s t ored , and the e v il of slavery i s driven out , or bound in chains an d i s p owerless , tbe worl d wi11 have much to be t h ankful for, ev en in the torr i bl e cal ami ty v1hich i s now shaking y our con t inent. r. i th many th!:i.nks for your mo st friendly l ettor , b el i eve me t o be yours , very s inceJre ly , C. M. Clay , ~sq. , United Stat es ' Lega t ion, Jo h n Bri ght . St . Petersbur g .• Th i s l e tter was lompl a i ne d o f by Adams ; for what reason I cannot i mag ine , unl ess i t seemed that I invaded h i s dominion. But , a s t he p res s i s now f a r abo ve all thE~ r ed t ape of di plomacy , I do no t see what g round he h ad t o object , as the whole l etter was fr i endly and highly compliment ary to the British Nat ion . Going t o Paris , the Ameri cans there thought some demonstration was a dvi sab]:e ; an d a breakfas1; was gotten u p in u f orma l ma nn e r , a t wh ich many speeches were ma.de ,, in a delicate way complimentary 1.o t h e antecedents of the French Natton and peop l e , in connect ion wi th the , Gr eat Re public of the V. est . I k new very wel l that in the internal affair s o f t he Fr e nch th e r e w~Ls va st oppos i t i on to the rul i ng p ower ; but my purpose wa.s t o enl i s t the sympathi es o f the peopl e , knowing that• a s i n !!:ng l a n d , the mo n archical eleme nt woul d inev i tab ly b e agai n st us. Now a ll confess that i t was th e people in b oth Nat ions wh ich h elo ~gl an d and. Fr an ce in check , f ina lly overth rew the comb ined i nvasio n o f Mex i co , a n d u l t i matel y lo st. Napo l eon h i s throne . no t unknown in st . The s e th ing s were ·'et orsburg ; f or , of a.11 the g overnmen ts .of the world , th'e Russ i a n s are t he b est info,rmed of current e v ents in other ~pires . ,t;y r e cept i on by the Czar was r emarka bl e f or i t s l en g th 1::1.n a co r di a l i t y . I g a v e i t in full t o the Stato Depa r tmen t , that Sowar d mi ght �61 - fo h i . o·. l opi n' o t h ho Lon on i I fi'ort t ft fruit 0 r r t o cl i 0 i ·i on to ly -n on i n 1 S, i o. ♦ I ,Z J ty ' i n d ea nt vrd p t i ic ; 1 a r h h a to i t mi r, ·t 1 rf nt upo n or 0 n un ju ' . th 1 t, co s equ ooi 1 , 0 a • if 110 hoi r J U' Sf' i t vonc i e C' :n- m 1 e1· • nl v ry , hi I 1 'j t i 'r orri n l el l . ,.., . 0 ·u re 0 11 .. o :n i n ollbe n ho fflt;j:; hi 0 11- ci fina y in pu bli o s e1 vico par1 V no only but fut ile . . he profe r a· ~o pt h . tra ' t h-to eon J.1 i n l uenca , t e po l i cy o f' !~ s s i a ,. an 0 ta io non . s n ' nit h lo r . e ,.. d '1'I. { vor fll'l • ( of 0 m I oc nt dy h Ct • ? tf' 8 evon - £10 WO is 11 ol b uc i f ic h i.l r OV ow 0 h orod ' tL. to th 0 ' VO 1 (, z r orn nl ' no th '" ci.I1 ' ,1 !..h 0 0 .d b nt • o· ' tn I m i noi c•i on of t.l tho ·ne;l n c1 Ch 'n d t hr o h 10 no a.cub , , I on o m ny l i n l C'l u • 0 i nt r vcni l'l.'., nin i ;try o f Vl!Tlc<r.o n f' atu 1 . 10 i m d ho 0 iv l ry - h r ~ nc; to i OD .ublic, t ho 0 n 1<->ni 0 common b nfo r i nt 'J f Ol in h ·u 1, 0 i 1.y ' ho n ;'I i nt by to 8 o f d i . l o acy ·n S OD o· i i 1 r "u lly ' s nio r co i n , () 11 +. un ,o .1 c~ 1 0 D ,0 'inc,,• v n i d u· on i. e of (' i i ly .o l ow on r .lly ~ quett · , t n f oro ... v ro 0 • i n d p 0 . o f i i .l IlC • i he ,t n off n uni hod the 0 C e, i fo rm • n n 1 r in ol n t n 0 1'.I �- 452 - criroos, for stat r eusons . 7h:llst thi s t:ivos muny nd.11.,~tagos to tho diplomates o f other not i ons , i 1t moulds thom s ocia lly int o one f orm , as equal una indi ntinguiahable as the pobuloe on tho sctl• Shore . .n inericl.m has , thon, one ,'td\·imt1'.!.r;G , i f h o hns tact ; that i s bis novo1ty end individu ~lity . hen all airo surrounded with tho cver - r ocurrinf5 cerom-,ni os of cou.rt.- l i fo , thi s :.froahnoss , as I may call it , - ''groGinnesa'J as o thors "ff'~~ mi ght sey , - 1 1s u · timos aerooab l o. 'i'ho t rue po l i teness o f UJ~ivcrsnl f. "looiety i s tho sumo - to be ttgroeabl e und def'oront i al t o o 'thors ; and should n e ver f.'.; ivo way to either i Tl'Jpnrt inenc o o r self- abas ement . 1'ho c entralization of ull tho wot:Llth , o f a ll tho l ea1"lliDB, of a.11 military a <'hi evemonta , o f t-111 the c.1ri stocr a oy of ti e :reat n ati on in ono oi rcl 10 t under the roo st f ini shed echool o f rofi:no- ment . c ivos tho Russ i an l'l i gh- l ·i fe t.ho precoi'lonce over all othor □ in the world. The ar i atooraoy o f Rus1si a , mon und women , aro modols o.f i'orm a nd. r efinement ; s.:n d . tis t:l.D i'ltt3groga·to . oxc ol ll-11 others . C>ntree into tho 80 c: i rolos , not lb.in3 in tho ab l o paetimo , or "savoir-vi vren . SOGiv.l To one who h as tho \'Jay co.n ._ i VG r:o ra ner0-o- I mts in tho prieo o f lifo , no t n bo.d - look in5 follow. who h (;l,d soon rnich of 1;ho world , ~ d who plea.se . Wi"s aetorminod to I br oke thro,ieh t..11 e'tiquci-te so f~r ua to be affa.blo to a ll -- classes a l i ke; and whon I mt1.de u. g{;i.tlcLorie , I wao tho f irst to l n.ugh s.t i t . I r omemb er .once talkin~• famiJ. i orly with the -r.)npr oes , ;·;hen 1 f irst ' got to f't . r>0tor0burg . $h<i was a wo mA.n of eood sonae . rmd grefit swnot- naes o f dispos i t i on und foaturon , tlloue;h of dolicato hoal tll . I was interes'l.od in her oonYersati on , ,..n d ohc wns by no moans d i spl eased with min e . Now the· groa.tost urea.oh of ollquette in .Rusei u is to address the i repc-r i ul frnni 1.y wi thaut, f irst 'bpi:ng opokon to . 1050.tions woro g l ad to see mo in horrified . .1 nov,- coul d J 'lz'now'? frils.o po a i t lon. I was told t::dtc~rwur·d that a conwltation r , otoi grr he Ru asi un s wore VitlS he l d l)y the i?nmedi ato ouito o f tho 7 )nperor to brea.Jt u:p tho teto- a - t ~ta , by info:rnni ng me of my error . They n runcd i t to the T-'.mperor~ but he smil ed , W'ld s-.ii d ; ~ o w:!.11 know better a,ft er a wh ile . " Th-o ~press . evo11 aftor r h ~d '' l oam ed. b otter 11 s oor1od ·Lo f i 1id �- 453 - pl easure in ~orno new idoa.s und f r ecdo'"' of thoUGht. . Ulo froquontly ronewed ou.r conversation s . ,'o two of i h<' mo st. di stinsu.ishod l~dias of .?.u.ssi ,1.n soci ~ty introducod ,;homselvoo , ut a ba ll ( each tho other) to me . Tho on o v,as the b ollo of tho times of niohol e.s , ~i1ud,..i..ne tho "rincoss ir-- Aa -the-·~inc-MT& • .a....t' i-f cer- in-1'-tltl O'-~ hinc o. .t;:rottil'ta-<m'#I;- · ' I r eg~r d the fol lowing l etter , runong otLers from t"o.rsonages of high poli t ica l position • as s i t;nii'icw:,t of the II e11t0ntc oord i ..lle 11 bct·wacn the t , o powera 1 - sho boing quite a politicio.n .- c., 1885 : Ls -r1noooso fa..dziwill ost b1on on rogrot d I a voir Jt6 prjv~ du })laieir do vo i r •onaiou.r Cltiy . -110 prii' · nnsiaur lo · lnietro d ' ~gr6er tous ooa voeux pour son houxeux voyu~o ; ol ellc cspcr~ avoir do ces nouvclles bicnt&t . 12 - :?4 Ju.in . {'t . ~Ef1 &rsboure , 1862 . tho eh ,tor- in - l ow of Princo Cortohe.cov,· . The other was 1ho Prinoeae ~ot zoubey, one(' Bollisolski, t.ho mot,hor of tho r r i nce Bolliselsk i , who married tho e i stor of t oobclo :t'f . tlw notC'd gon •ral of i,ho '.~urki sh wo.r. rho ? rinC'ess ' otzoubey wa.o at t ho v ory houd of :usoi.....n society . _lnd the we ..-ilthios1 of tho nobili ty • o:ntort•dning O>ut fov, did r-o) tlio it"l_poriul family at hor city palnco t on tho r.evs1~1 Stroot, on groat o coa.sions . ~o I found r uasia.n cooioty vory t."\grcoubl e . ; ~ family, us noon ae the novelty of tho nm·, situa tion ht.id passod awey , not i'inding tho cl imate vory hsalthy , rotu1·ned home , loo.Vin~ mo al.on e . ,·1.S -bowt.ra bud no1 6 1 von mo lorivo o i' ~baonoo . as he tl id o tl1or 1'linistoxs , . ...nd us do all othor i ovornmcnts . I had sGon bu"\i li1 tlo o f , -;;uropo; oo 1 so1, out by rni l roa.d for tha },· in&doru of Saxony , us I was u.nx i ou.s to ooo tho 1-::i.nd of our roputod ,u,cestore t as v,ell o.s to g r t1.tify ..,~ a:rt ist ic taetn by aoeine th<" c ol obrated pclnti:11ea . ,he:ro u.t T'ft'oooen . on tha ·:ibo . Rt'o m:.my of th9 finost :in 'i.lrope , t.lihoueh g reatly outnumbora the DrcsdPn gRll ory . r apnnt 01.1.ny st. . 1?etersburg ch1ys in ~-rosdon , vi oit1l1g tho 8rt halls , 1.he pnl ~ co, and ito fi n e jowels of thn cirown. Bu1 , ubove all , I was deli ghted wi ih this tho :r:r.o 31; piciurosque city ... hull e ver eoen , r ostinc; upon tho ulJ u v-ial l)l Rine of th i s bo b.utiful river , a.n<1 spreading o vor the terra ced h ills or fl":Ountc..ins , for r,hi oh StLXony i s noted . But th~ most ac-rootlbl e p ...rt of thn 11 voyago 11 rmo tho compni onship of several !\tls:-·ia.ns - old :friondl3 , who ~,ere hero s >cn dine, the summer; �- 464 - un d espe c.li.tlly was I f ort,una t o '.Ln the comptmy of cry trav e line,; com1>W1ions • Madume .... "C'I O t und her gull~nt hilsb~n a - u g~ncral in tho Eu.asi en nrrrr:, . ~ad~.une -:. v,as one o f ·tho h andsomest women I met in Russi a , whioh i s saying much; ann we mado many OACU.:r e i ons wi th h er fri en ds int o the qountcy . Th o troe s we r o in full l e a f . intoreporsod wit:h cul tiv atetl flowers und t a et ef'ul cottngoa . Tho bla ok - hc!) a rt ch erries were fount! in man"Y successi ,;o orchards i'Ully ripe , and the fiir10st I ovor s aw. Tho sa:x:0 1:1 l acls and lassioe . wi th thoiz• ruddy f ~ceo , full persons , a nd 3oldon- p l u i tnd h u ir, wer e seen every- whor e gath erint ohorri os , which were sold ch eaply in opon booths r ustic bcncho s , whe:re a ll t1·a vo l er a w~ro we loomec1 \'fi th ,.,i th ~ smil e a nd c. k ind 1;ord , ao the l uscious f ruit we.s measur ed t..nd served . ' o passe d t ho hour s o f mc.:ny c\ ~ya thf.it ! lingered in 9~xon-lc..nd ; and , when tho t i l"lil :for our purt ins cvmo , to act out .for Bttdon- Bud.en - t he col cbreto~ sprinss , whor C:l t :ho Rue siun nobil11y spClnlt 1uuch o:f tht)i r time - - r felt annoyed, lik e whon ono ls urouaod f:r.om a delicious dr oam by t he noisy footsteps oi' tmwcl oomo comors . .Ent -r.,-3 fr iend , .:admn..e ..\. :.' ..,:, 9 • who h ad very b l ei.ck h a ir t\tld bro1wn eyes , took mo by the h u,nd a n d e ei.icl , in her mixod .t1'1·onch - Russ ian ( she spok o no ·ngl i eh) ; 11 Como , Colonel Cl ay; for ., our wi fe's rrnke . I wi ll not allow you. longer t i rno amo ng thess, e;oldonh ai ro d syrons . who l soe a r e lnore dane;orous them v.:rmies s et j_n aer:ried filoa . 0 ,.~o t ca llod to min d the old di s tich : •·.•1 1ere wornen fly . men will pursue ; h C" t hor th e ir oyos 'b e b l a ck or blue ! n 1 and submi tt od with a ornr.londal>lo gr iwe t o tho inev itabln. ,tt Baden I foitnii roorc Ru ssi fills thun at Dr n3den • - the r;ambling t iiblcs fo rmina , no aoubt , some at t r ac tion , as woll ~s the noto ing s . s urround- Hero wo mudo tho round o f a ll tho h i storical pl a.oos, .. - th n sh~dy g rovos a nd i mpromptu })ieni cs , ~s a t Dresden, boin?; to mo t h o chi e f attr~otion . '.But . on the Blysia.n f i el ds , a:e on the b att l efi e ld ; f ~to pr es ·os ua on - on - on , for ever! I took . in s udnose , l 04VG of rey f1•i and s, who hoped t o s00 me ba.ck in Russ i a , ew1d hu r ried on throu,eh .Pari o and -;...ondon for ,J..>1orica ; linger again on English soil. t.t,8 my 11a tt· l otism would not allov; me t o �- 465 - .Pussille;; ovor the soa once moro , which soi.:n:ied no ,,, moro :in crnoontlllc e \'tith 'f'.JY t1--oublod thouehti:;, 1 kfipt a lotlf froru ovor;r ono , ,-,.beorbod in sob er ro f loutions upo n 1rry countl:y ' s ine-r t~ti tude. I landed in Now York_,. having t ouched e.t Ha.lif&."C , whel"~ we found iho 'Bi;-it i sh as hitter a o tho wors1; r ebels , ·-md , hu.rryin;; on to · m,'lhington , :r r0:portad t o "r os i oont t: ... ~ r inooln . '/ cn..;.rTER 17. - I ' Se, a.rd t1as too g l ad to a vail hirnsolf of my promise to TJinooln . o.'bout the generalship . to rocul l mo , untl send Simon Ca..wieron , who h ad e;ot into bad oaor a s rccretary of ~ar by hi o bus inoss- affuira with tho r ailr•oa dsl:tnd tho Governrn.ont . Ho was sont t o snp(•reedo me , wi th J3:iJ7~rd .::aylo~c ~s Secretar y of TJegation . 1 It w-as u.ndcrstoo c1 t h i:i.t Cumoron w~s to slide ,1own to }1is old level , using tho mi ss i on to st, . Petorsburg as a par a chute ; and t.ha t Teyler , wh o had great i11 f lumlco ll$ ono 0 1.me1"s ~nd e r i t ors o f tho New Y,ork ~ ulinistor in full . or tho . w0.s t o take h i s pl a ce n.B I h ad mado u vory full investrnont of nw sme ll s o.lary in beautiful plate . and other ~:rliclos of !Q~'t,;_ i'J;"om Peria , made under my i nnnediute <li r ootion. ana. t by givin,e 8. few e l egant ente:rt~inments , / wh i ch wero no t e.xoolled by any (ino , I e;ave tho T-:ussi ans r...n i d<rn. of my Paste ttnd tra inins . :,ftcr that they c t.i:rc no more ; f or t hoy ht.t.d u.11 tha t rrionoy could b1.1.y . or ~enius inveint , for all tho pl ea.auras o f li:fe . If thoy liked flowors . I a ooo mmoda'li od them; if pa j.nting s , I h a.cl s omo of f tho r aro Eit ; if winea, I h ad e vei·y srn:rrple o f the wo rld 1 0 ahoice ;A ? he - ~ flowers coul cl bo hired ; th0 pa iJritings were a p ~rmonent inveatment ; the 'c::-\ ~ win os cost no moro of ovory varioty thJ.11 one cho ice; pf,¢ ; .:.nd t ho cotin g was not .increased, by i ta vt1-riet ~~, i n price , ~o ! was in no ha.sto t o go back to /,merica ; u.nd I detormi ned t o r otul."ll to f t . ? ot orsbure df:tdn . I l oft rey f urnit ure and oon"iae1:>s unso l d , in the c a ro of rcy chaoseur , Sevni rd , in h i ~ r c cnll , hu.d s i.upl y thanked me , in the nu.me o:t' tho .Pro nidcmt , f or my sorv:i.cao , and inolo scd mo n Major- Gon er al'' s conmi ssi on , inf o rming mo at the stme tirro of Cwneron ' s suocoasion . C.umoron was not ut iul f i 1cted for this po nt , in whi ch l,H)l sona l f1i ~ i \ ~ ~t ~~ l" �- 456 - bearing i s ovocything . Ho did not bolone to "'thn·o litorury follows ; '' '1 &1d v&.s a sourso mnn in s entimen1 , trn.1 ru.de J.n mitnrwrs . I wua present at h i s p r e sontation to 1h o ..,mpor or; in f a ct, T pros11n ted him. the ~ .And ',,hen peror made . or , r Jthor , ,·ms mukine; , h is spoeoh o f r e ception, Cumeron interrupted , and dioconcertod hi ~ . -:u.ch ru.donoso ono would hav o thou.ght would be h urdly tolor atod in ..~ b~cl".\'loods- T·11tc~-rnru1 ' s houso in Ht'.l r ecoivoa tho -:ussian noblf'lmn n , Ponnsy l ve.nia . ti.t t i mor:i , in t ho Legation- rooms; and , on tho ,1.-holo , h i t; liko wa s r &roly b ehind P1thel·, " ,S,6 :'on - i a t1 WO ttld 11 a oen befo :rs, or s ay. 11 ttle moro pol i shed than Crnri. oron , unct in a ll the yoa.i·s that 1 s:pont i n St . .Petersburg I n evor heard any or10 ,.vho.tcvor spoak of Cu.moron o r T(...yl or; whil st o f Mr . tmd :t:ra • .Piokcns , of South Carol ina . much was s i d ·- •-()pleton i n cornplimcmtai-y r oniniscenoe . , <!JY i mmodi at o p1--odo cossor , was u rcit ired , quiet gontl crnun; and ! believe h a d no t c;ono l"'!U Ch into society. 11cturnin{j t ln·ou.gh J,ondon , I was inv1t0d by :i1r . Adams t " u farnilydi nDer , ,.,h i ch I accopt od. l wus 1 'ho 011 l y gu.oat . any way; ono that was the l ust! saw of him . But 1itt l o wo.o said 1n In tho interval , f r om t ho t i:ie o f rr;y l env1n0 h i m ~it ,..,011oon to my :return , h ("luring rumors o f <1 is- SH.t i s f b'ot ion , I wroto t o him from f t . 'T?oteraburg , asking 'l:l i m i.i.bou.t niy • '"l'imee Lc-1. t or; 1t and . h o wrote mo u l ong vind icmtion o:f h i s r i eht to be I discontentocl v, ith ~ course . ~Jo ho und Crunoron agt.in s tood botwoon ma d tho licht . Arriving in worst od. e shington , the Union ~"'mi os soomed to be ovcry - ~hcre Lincoln , 1.mdor Eew1:1.r d ' o in flu ence , h ad r estra ined tho e-onc1~r,1,1a f rom tel.kin,.; tl. v ery nasees,n·y w~ - meat'uro, dool a r i ng sluvee , t.s other proporty , s ubjoot to cup~uro und confisc~t 1on. •:.iJd f t a nton , from huving b r on ..:.n old- line Domocrnt, though ho jo il'led t h e 1,opubli oans when the 1 •ornocratic :?arty somned inevit ably ruine d . y ot cordially h ated all <HU'neet t:int.l.- Al a v" ry mon. P. El uir , J( c. ;·:romont '::'t./:,~tf 448:l.:1,.~ ~ ¢'J It WAS his s r oc1~1 plen suro t o k ill o ff -;• rank <1.Dd ~ .!~_ such gon r rul s , lJy r ofusin5 1,hem proper �- ,·.,., :Selinvin .... ol" r of 1 ~ xo c . Cl y u. 1] (! $ . ~ on 0 a fto:r I ..,.. . mo u co m V n t ~ ' nd 0 e d in c . ru.in d , 0 in f n;o r 0 V rn . r of , 0 throw t rnot ivo ov 0 ir or 'I () 1 h b t o !: i t a a C USG e_ 1 · o • oy or to ta ro oc use be C rnoir • , moor ihe iO th ae u l i · n po t r :n ec :ton with 0 T,inoo 1n w ryin I 8 o, ·ed JC h I"' ok , n ut ) h t 1 onl 0 d. ro..., 0 DO ~n~ '.dum 0 h f,r t to•3 in r o ol ion 0 'l VO WO. 8 J,u. . h e · ov mo ts i th so.n C gra t ov,ant · , hos 1 t 0 ·. u n .. he e, ·:. ' V 0. • - "i tho il l 0 . n oo :!en to u ion, Uc 1 coln. ... 0 · li .. • l" l e:..· in V u,~ oato . lo ,. 8 l:A.- '1 f vor of i f n C }1. O :• or . 0 e, th m l OW 11 r· 1 <> • i i o o, i ,po:ttun t Cl dIL sr,oken. rcfo o n io s i ho on, h, , f o OD , I • • �- 458 - 11 d iecu sse d t h e s ubj ect o f s l ~ve1·y u pon ovo:cy s t ur;:ip , w:id ~1.1hut ..,h e ro wa s no t H.n intolli gent mun i n tho whole of Kentuc ky who h a.a not t'llf.U1e u p h i s mi n d t o go wi t h tho South. or to st(llld by tha U21io:o . ev en ut t h e l o ss o f a l l t h e i r s l o.v os . and tl1a.t not tJ. s illg l o mun would be chtlllg ed by hie J;?rocl 1.miatl:on . 1' Gonor ul tiull ock h t:i.d ordor ed Gcn or f'!.l Cl a y t o r eport • h i!!!So l f i"t ionce to Gener al Bu.t l or , at Now Orl oillls , but .Pr oai dent Linco ln . wi th hi s own h und wrot o h i m an or<.\.e r oou.ntoj~ to th,1t o f H«lleck , n·:d s ent :him on u sec r ot mis s i on t o Ken t ucky t o s ouni:., the l)Ub l i c s enti ment . '!'ho Loc i s l o.turo W[;}.G in soa s io:n; both .Ho u s e s tt.dj ou:rnod , t;.rld in the .Hal l o f the Ho n s o f Ropr oa ent ativ es 11e wua h ear d in defence of 'U.Il.i ve rsa.J. libor ty ~ Hi s r omur k s were wr i t t en down upon thet poil'lt , end hand~d t o t hG r epor t er of t ho Ci n cinnati G-uzotte , wh e r e h i s s;pe ooh w·..i.n publi s he d in full. 'the Kentucky Union i sts ag-=rec d t h ti:t whil st thoy v:or o not wi l ling t o have war made upon s l avery per s o ,_ Y"t as a wa1· measure only , t h ey woul.tl not ob j ect to sJ.tilv ea f ollowinig- , l i ko wh~ fl.t or mule s, t h o l e1ws o f vrn:r. ThHt speEHw ...a.s r oporte,a i n t ho Ci ncinn.at i Gua8"t+e- Journa l, h e had gi ven t o Mr . Linco ln, 'toc;e t h or rlth a vorba l ropor,t of the sent imen t o f Kentucky; and , o:o the 22nd , o f September , a few days a.f t er t h i s interview, th o l am1an ted Linco 1n i s sued his 1?:"'..morta l proclamation . For n e ar t en year,s h e hti.d be a:n ao pl a ced t h t1.t h e could no t r ep el t he c tit ici sms whic11l h:ts s 0nse of du t y would not hllow lt im to r e tut o- - l)ut n ow , h er e i n t he mi dst o f hi r; colorec1 fe llow- ci t i zen s , to whoso c a.u e o h o h ad ov0r b o1en f ai thful~ h o fo l t lik e cl a i mi ng t he cre di t 111hioh wa s j u s t l y du o h:1r'l • Y.:r . Cl ay wont on to s ay thut no ma.:n living mor e rejo iced i n t he e vents they we r e met t o e1el e brut e t h an h e , ancl t h1:1t h i s he urt wa s ~,ith t:h em in t hoir day of t riumph , as i t h .;l.d 'been in tho days of tihoir udver sity , ana t h t,t he g·r oot e d t hem not only us citizens , but wi t h the son timC!lt o:f :b"'ll.rns , 'th.l.t 0 ~ 1ru:lJ1 r s 4l mu..'rl .f or d ' thut ~" on t he br o ·~ l i1t f orm o f o. oomnon hrnwmi ty , " ~ ' ' ~ ~~ S7.o, /1,-.,o .. ~ :rmj_nea 'lo f or e,~ , or r ot urn t o Russi ~ , if :po ssible . Hal l e ck ; I went t o Lincoln irm d tol d h i m my d i s t rust of St anton s.nd O on ~obrua cy 24th ~ 1863 1 ~enerul Caeoi us M. Cl cy , in u l et t er to t h o .New Yor k Ti mes,. s a i d t hat h o h ad done ru.l h e could t o indu ce the ? r oe i dent to Toposo Gon e r 1al H. Iialleok , us Goner~tl-- i n - ohief,. be O/::\.USO ho wa.s to o ! ro -- s l a:vcr ~~• "Ho ( Cl t:iy) h~d tol d Ji:resi dent Lincol n tha t h o cou, d not , a n d. \'10U.l d not , ,..,nte r t h e f i e l d , unl0s1,'1 , tho po l i cy or libe r at ing 1.hc Blaves of r ebols wss udopt e d . No t hing shor t o:t' that can a ivo t he vi g or ~d of i'oct. t o ou r u:rms which t he crisis , e.nd t h o pu.b l i c s on t i mi:?nt , den1e.nd~. " Colli n ' s Hi story of KC1?1t u cky . vol . 1 . p . 120 .vf0 1 ·, " t hat i t wus . I t houeht . a f oo li sh th i ng t.o f i ght at e.11 . i f tho s umo 01,1 c u.nea r o f.' s l av ery· was t o J~r.me.i n flft or s p os.ce ; t hat t h e 1,omo~rats na vor wante d vmr, and wor e r o~11.dy at any ti mo to muke a di sgr a ceful peac e ; t h~t o ur party wne di v:lcled by t h e u n c e r tai n a i ms o f t h e Un i on ists ; that 1;ho ~mt ocra cy of :.1u-ope wor o r eady t o destroy 'Lh e Gr eat ?.epublio , wh ich was evor ~ moz1a oe to the crowned- hea ds ; that whil st we f ought simr,l y f o r empire , tho p~opl ~ of t he advanc ed power s of -:ng h .nd a nd Fr a nc e wer~ ind i ffe r ent to our su.ccoss; but t h at , i .n t;he 1 c ause o:f libert:v .. Wt') ',7ou1d ,,<,(,/t~A~ -Z'.lt.t.L ,.., .,. · ~-~ ..""'~~ ".h --·h R 1r111 "' A i;.i.f>r, " ,\ , . ,,,.. _:_~ , _ ~~ .........- �- 4o9 - woul d not dare to inter:foro in bohalf o f s l avory; th.~t , at u.11 events , if full we must , l ot ua fall with the f l ag of un ivors1.1.l libnrty ~nd j ustice +> l od to t h o mu.st- ho ud. Then " ut loo.st , we should h av e tho help of God , ttnd tho sytnpathi oe o f mankind . for a f ut ure atrum?.lo . li.v ~ in 'i he memo r y o f tho e oo d in all 1. i me . i.i.nd; I told h i m that I clofltiro<l to return to St . ~etorsbu:rrs ; thut the rnoot of ey r nmnant of a once l a r go f ortune- wus expended in r.JY out fit i-lt the .:Ueoian court; !l?ld that I wi shod to bo sent b ack ; tha t I h a.<1 eu.nva.saed in h i e behHlf , by h i s roquost ; an a thnt ho h a d promi sed mo the Jia.uco of Soorotr.:ry of a r in hia own voluntary l etto:r , perform. t'l. 1n"Omisc whie;h ho h ud f~iled to 0 O .a'?...Jl!.!'!. r,l:lt..C LU IS L YJ.'T .. ms. t!prinefioltl , tllinols , July 20 , 1860 . Hon Ca.ssiua ~:. Clu.y-:.zy r ot::r ~ir ; - I sec by t h o pup ors , r-.nd a l so l om-11 from ·:r. :a c o l ay , v;ho so.w zrou ._i, '!orre lkutc , t h n.t you c..r 0 f i lling a. li st of' opeaking - upr:oint monto in I n diana . I s inccrol~t ·thank you f or thi s , c...lld J dh&ll bo still fu.rtho:r oblieod i f you will , t1.t the close o f the toui· , drop me e lino , gi vin{:; your lrl'lpt"f)asion of our pr oepeots in thut s t ata . · t,ill moro v, ill you obligo mo , i f you v:111 allov; me to mnka ,. l i st of ..~ppo intmento in 0111• St o:'.;a , commencins , s~.. , ~t :.i~rhull , in Cl ark t ollllt y , ..m,t thence ~outh and 1-"'0st ::d ong over ab a sh und Ohi o :.iv,)r bordor . In passi:t:1£ , l ot me EHlY , th ·.1.t t~t ~o ckJlOrt you will bo in the county within ·;1hich I w1.1.a broucrht up , i'rom my e i ehth yenr; h aving l eft. Kentucky a t th..,,t point of my lifo . YourR , v ory truly., ~. r~1ncoln. ✓ ,..pringf1 e l d . Illinois , 1iu gu st 1 0 , 1060 . Ron . C . ,.1 . Cl c.y .. - ;zy i,ea.r Sir: - yri sterd.ti-y . Your vory k ind l ott er o f t h o 6thx wes r eooivod It so h .:i.:pponed that on.r ~t a. t o CentrP.l Cotnrni ttoo w~o in session here at thG tir'lo; u.nd , t hinkin3 i t proper to do so , r submi ttod t he l ott er t o thom. ':hoy wo2·0 dolight od 7with tho asAur!-~nce of h a vine; yo,u· .... s eiatunoo . : or what ·.;1ppoc.rs r;oo d re asons , the:, , ho1.1evcr , prol_)Ose ill, u chango in thr, proe r amme , s t urtine you a t tha auma Jlla.co (Mu rRhu ll , in Cl nrl:- >Ounty) , una t honco north~~rd . Thi s chun 0 c , I zupposc , Will be agr eonblo to ~ou; ue i t r,ivo :1ou l arae r d.Udi onco s , .mil 1'1'!'U oh oasior traval- - noarly all being by r ai lroa d . :·ho;," will b o govarns d by your tir:10 ; a.nd whon thc>y •mall h a ve fully desi gntltea tho pluoes , you will b e duly notifiod. , ~ to tho j nn:ue urnl , I h avo not :;ot commenced getting ti ill it up ; thil o it effo r ds mo gr out pleosu.ro to be nb l o t o aay tho cl i ques h ave no t yet commenced upon me . Yourn , very t ruly , • Lincolr.t .• :ioTE :--f oo ,\. Lincoln' s l ott 0r offorin 0 Socret{;.ryship o :f .... ur , in ros s ossi on of tho J.ontuoky Iii storical c.to oioty , t"ru.niffort , - y . c., 1885 . �- 460 - Lincoln listened i,i th gri"iut a1, ..~m11,:i.011 1 Hll6 said: ,. ,1 ~ oven· hoard of u reforr:e:r reaping tho rewa rds of hi<-• t1ork in hie life-timo? advised th~.t your appointment sidered a docl ~u-ation of Wltr ti.S h omo . ~eorot,.i.ry of '"'u:r would hsvo boon -con ... u1,on tho .'ou.th . your Teturn to St . ~"etornburg. I was I havo no objfl<'tions to 1 thought that you. had desired 1 o return 0 0 Presiuent Tiincol:!:1 so wJrote to ~ccretnry Cameron; - LPriva.te) =-:xocut1ve :!a.nsion , ~nhington~ Janu a ry 11 1 1862 • Thol,.gh .I ha,~o sa.1. o nothine hitherto in rosponso ..,.,00-r r: - i r: to your wioh . exprGssod l onE; □inco, "vo resign your seat in thB Cabinet, l have not boon unrr:indful of it . I ho.vc been only 1.mwillinB to cCJ nsm1t to a rh 1.-n go at tt t imc e:nd under circti.rtistancos which mi cht g i vo OC($u.Sion to r., t scons:t:nrntion , !.l.l'.ld una bl o till nor; to soo hov.- such r.1isoonetruction could be a vo ioaa.. Eut tho clos:irc of ::.r .. ClelJ: to rot1..n;n home and t o o:t'for his fJervices ~E"oni e country in tho :tTold onables m~ now to c x~tif';J your wiab, ana e t thG s~we timo ovinoo my percon ul roem·d fo r you 1 t:md riy confid0nce in your ubili ty , patriotism. e.J:10 f'idcl i ty to public trn.Rt . I thoreforC; t ond.e:i:· to your ti.caoptanco . ii' you. 3hall d<rniro to rosig-n your presont poRi tiont ...;ho po st of 'lini2tor t o Russia. • ·ff 'f- f-. ut l<.~ast . Sowo.ra so st~. .tod it 'to r.ie~ I hor0 saw the s entiment:o of fiC"<'h rd. end ~oecl, und the work of the "hi gs of TTontuc'ky , whort1 I Jhari dofe ~tori in honori, ble wa.r:fnro. -replioo ; "It i s t111e thnt co mi,,-'_\nd !i.S :r I h n1u as.i d , in 1861, when prossed 1,o t8ke J:ajor- Ge n ors1 , t'hat t wo11.ld r ot1.u·n i f 1. t we.s de emed best. , on account of so much treason in the l'C3ular army .. But now, after more than a year ' s :Jtrns BlO , no suo:h mot ives rema in; M d what I 1!1:l{:ht have t una ortak.o:o • hen wou1d b o out of pl ft co now~ when all but myself h a vo h &d the ex.pori onco o i rno r,J than a :Y-<Hlr ' a sorvi oe . rt i s unt rue thst t have e lven ~:c,;-zro-d ~ h o least intin:m.1, ion that I clesired to r otu.rn home . " !~d wi th t:1ia oui· interview ended. Soon a f t 01"'\vard I r occt ve<l t he fo llowiw,s l et t er : •:xecut i vo ::..unsion , 1• ashine;ton • •ugust 1 2 , 1862 . Hon . Cassi us x. Cl a.y- Jizy Doa r Sir : - I le arn th.at you \,Ould not, di s like returning to Russi u , as .a nistcr .L'lonipotontio.ry . You were not rec ru_l od f or rmy faul t of yours ; but , ao understood , i t wo.s dono :it your r equ est . Of course , thor~ is no persona l obj e ction to your reappo intme-n t . t·,till , Gonor al Camer on can not bo r octi.l l ed except l1v 'hiict rA ou e st . Somei co nve::csut i on nas sin.c~ between hi:u un d t!lY So l f. , �- 461 - render s i t duo that he should not resig11 without i'li.11 notice of rrr.1 intelltion to re - t~P: oint ~ you. Tf he roeigns wit h such full knov,l od$C an~l nndcrst andins , I AhRll be quite v•illin3 , and ev o11 sratifiou , to amH'l you to Ruoaia. Your obe<1ient r1ervant , Of e.11 tho mon of r-ry ti!!lO, I wo.a mo st intimate wi th Sv.l mo11 tlH n ficor etary or 1,. LhH,se , ,,s I said before , I :preferred hi1· to tho '.J.' r<!asu.ry . a.11 p~rsons for -::>rosidont 1n 1860; but :Be:n j . F . ...i~dc k i l l ed ni111 off. I had been intimato wi th h i m from v er y e1:u·ly manhood , in 1035 ; and I waa nov, his e ues"li o:, ·-u.shing'l;on , in 1862 . ·non l set out f.rom ~ssi .-;. , as boforo sain , ::: intm1dod to1 return thoro ; but , when I 1:;.ot to ·•;tLahington . and sav how tho ~mr Wti>S 0 oing on , ! bogan to tb ink).tha.t , ii' I could c a rry 011 tho V.'.l.r tiy do cld.I'in ~ tho s l c.v cs .froo . v10 could ,•,in ; if not, wo should fuil . · itl', thooo sontimonts avowed , Cha.so wno extrer.ioly t:inxious that I should ..it once tuko a cornnand ; hut .t told him ;·t anton 4 D cl m.i.lleck had k ill E,d off a ll tho r-..nt i - elttvcry c,;onoraln , and would eacrif'ico mo a lso; thu.1; l had so told -3incoln, und h ad as -ed to r eturn to S t. .Potorsburg . n~, said he thought I was mi s t akon ; and he would go with me and see HalJ.eck hifl!solf , and urge my having an inoo- pondont command . :·o this I ~lssen ted. c went to Halleck' ~ o :t'fi co , and , in p:ri vut,c . had a long cionvo:r tmtion with hirt1 , Cha.s,3 doine most of 1 ho talJr ing . ·;:;i· . Chase s a id tht1t , ss I hud n !;•1jor- Gcnor ul ' e co mis Pion in my pool-;:et . I shoul d r ooei iro the wootcr.-a oormn!il)d , who r o ·,·.romont. had boon f ir st pl uced . Halleck ~,as vory r esorvAd , and at l ength showed eo ~ch ill - natur e tha t wo 1 ,.,ft him. Chuso thon suid : - "Cl ay . I can no loX13er ur ge you to etey ; I de, not think yon could havo :fair pl £i¥ , nnd , of course , could not h olp us •. 11 0 0 Just i ce Har l an , of th(l United St atoo Supromo Court , au.id to tho writer thll.t •.11• . Cl ey- 1 el a.1mointmont as ?.J. :1~~ jo1·-:cnort;.l. hy ';'lreei don t Lincoln , so oarly i n tho wo.r , wao th0 vocy hiehoat compliment ; that , i f h i s i ;pori ous will hild p crmi ttoi\ hi.i'\ to h o.VO scccpt od ally ass i gnmo:r:1t • no mut t er whore • ,-ma ho hu.d eci·vod thrm hout the ws:r . hl0 h honors , o.t i t r: cloHo, ?.'012.1<1 hav,.. b Pon s.cco r dod t, hi "' by thci .mo:ri c an pcopl o . Tho fol lov. int3 ~xtraot r efers to contr al picture in frontis i_)ioce to volume {l ) , t;o wit : ·.:-uclid r l ace , -.uohin5 ton , -. . c. JMu a ry 27 . 1902 .• Dear =Jir . 3:owar<l; - I thank y ou v ory r1uch for the pi ctura of Gcne r ul Ol ey , which I have r ece ived nt the1 h tinds o f ·:r . ~ illa rd it . · urn or . It i s �- 462 - a c e.p.i t al li1,.ane-s s of tlb.o Cennra l , I r ome:mbt~r 'hi m a t the b eginning of' the Ci vi l ..'.ar . l'haro i n a mor o strilrini:: aol"!b inat io.n of manly bouuty an d atr ,e ngth in h is :race th.;n in th P fa.co of any m~n wh~ ever ~aw . I a l ~~ys hua the h~~hest regard for his i.ntec;rity o f charhc-te r , h :l. s mt\nlinoss , and hi s f ide lity to h i e own co nvictionc . You:r·s trt.1ly , J ohn ,,I. E"~rl en , i,tr . 3.. C. lio wo.:rd • ·,u.r 1 s . r.:y. u.-S 1 T.n the 111eant i ru:~ • .<tft or l ot1vine Linco ln, :a.shinc ton 'l1hioh oxci tod tho wide st oorn.meilt . r mudo •:is i .:.1 epoceh in have not preFJor ved £1ny re.r,o :i: t, it h u.VJ.11(5 been made , ~s u su?Jl . oztor:.p0r :m0ously , I e; iv c the fol lowine vorbt1tirn c.lcconnt o f ii,o spil·it f :ror.1 the !-ouisvillc Journal , ru.guAt 19 , 1 B62 : • . 0 t uJ.co 'th0 followine pt:-i.ssuJ0 £)•om a l otte:r. of tho x·e{,;u.lur a.sh ing·ton coTroapondent o f tho No,1 York ·~v Gn:l.ng r ost : · v.shine ton , ~uc-tist 13 , 1862 .-- Th<' spooch o f :i:r . c. i~ . Cl ay at Odd Fellows' Rnll l ast ni eht eave sufficient ovidenco thut th o stntornent of the ...:--V,:ming J:..oat a r1ay o r ·two s.inco in rcfcronco to hin (tmd v,htch has been doubtoa in f>omo quar ters hero , ) was e-;t bsolutoly correct . r, r . Clay oa i n l"()peatodly &nd o:l.stinctly in his s peech, that ho wo ul d ne ver dr aw his sword so l ong a s slavery wa~ protected by the Government . r The t;onn of' h i s remarks on thi s hoad was not v er y enoou r ugi11e . ~;ht1.t I may not, be accused of r.iisr epr e s ent o.t ion, lot me quo to a puragr aph f rom the Republican ' s r eport. o f the opeoch : 11 •.1r . Cl ay then spoke o:f ,o n.r offo r ta at homo . He wes not fully s ~lt isfie d v1ith tho drift o :r u :ff~irs. no b cli evo a tho Prosidf'l11t to be an honest man , u.nd the o ffi cers in tho mai:n desi red to d.o ris ht ; but \Ve a rn tryi ng 1,o ~on q_uor tho robelllon r itll tho SYr0rd i11 one hOlld e.nd the shackles in the o ther . ·· e a r ~ fie;htlng r1s though wo wer o mi."ri ous thst n o i thor s i ttc Bhou.ld wi11. You h ~ve bc on o i ehteon n~ nths ou.rryins on this war on peace princ i p leo , t..nd what ha ve y ou 5 a.ined? I mn t o l d by men high in authori ty t h iit tho cap ital is yet in danger . You rDl ow four millions or g ood Un i on rn.en in the South, who i:U'o you r n f1.turi-1l alliao , to cut you.r ovm thr o a ts . b ooati.Oo you can not l r.r.y i.1.side v. riick ly projucice . Ee ( :1:r •. Cl ay? ·• oul d n ov ox uso the s v;ord whi l o s l avery is prote cted in rebel St a tes . (Loud appl uuoo und cheors . i l ady n oQr us indi ..~nl'..ntly a s E> or ted that ~ho d id no t oomo t o hoar 'bolition npeoches . } Fur bottnr acknowledge tho Confeoora cy , ~nd l et :i1r. navi s ~na h i s peoplo go by themselves , t h un attempt t o c1efe6.t t ho do s igns o f God in roga.r d tc, tbe gra nt quo stio:n o f ,miv·o ranl libort-y ~ You mu st givC" to ~v ory m.till the same libe rty y.on closir a for yo ursolf. ( l'-1 .il uuso ) . 'ihen I draw a s word , it shtlll b o ±.'or tho lib er at ion a nd no t t1rn cmsl t.v em.cnt of rnan kind. ( ild enth uiaom a:nd appl ause . ) .. o would not h a ve tho cona:t itutioi, o i soboyed o r u.lter cd in u linn or ti l ette1'. .Ee i::t ood now wh or o he a l wt1.ys stood t i'o:r tho Conetitut io :1 . tan Union , l:Ul.1 the oni'ol'cornon1, o f the l aws . 0 ' 11 0 :i.'his speech i,as doliv er od a t t1 .i'~ir" , under tho auspices o-f tho 11 Union Liter ary ~ssoci ati on , f or tho benefit 0£ s ick a.na woun~ea Soldi or s . H. I f thi s r oport i r co rro ct, nn d i t i s t ...ken i'r om tho · ashing ton �- 4 63 - cpubli can . in which i1 t1ppol::l.ro,a unoer ;~r . Cl uy' D oyoo w1t hou t contrt< diction f rom l1in1 , ··1:r , Cl ~\9 i FJ o. conli i t i on ol Unionist o f t h o mo st odious d oscript io:n; or . r nt hor h o io c. r ebel • ebout e.o e ood 0 1· bt..d . . . s c,.m be f ound .-..ny ·,- ;horn in t11i e co unt1~ . li' thi s i s , indood . •r . Cl 11:;' s po s i t i on , thf!re oun b e no trut h in tho runor that ho i s to r oc e ivo ,·in i mp.o rt un1, mili ta.ry oornm.:..J'.ld wont o f t.be ."isa:1saipp i . There oo.n bn no truth , oven . in tho rumor t hat he i s to to b ucJr 1,o ;;t . 0 otorchul:'g a e th r- r 1:prosontat i ve of th i o cour.rtry o-t tho Court of RUSt;i u . '.i he only pl a.c e to v;h ich a ci ti zen . ontortt..inin..., such vio\?S ..t.n a prornu.1elj.ting tnom. Onl:l b o S'lnt , uon aL,tont wi 1;h u :roconi, ordo:r o:: t he .. u.r 1 opo.rt1no:n1, . is t'·o1·t · v.r1·on , o r ao:rw other mili't;~ry pr1son o f tho n.;.tio "' . o d i d hopc, 1·hut ·~r. Cl ay \-ould return f r om &.broc.1cl ·:1i 1:h h i ;hor a.nd more t <"mpcr ate viowa o f our nut iona l t roubloa th~n ho c urr i ed f:UIF'~ v, i th hin , 02· t h at a t l otlSt h e W()Ul d roturn no more ,~xt-:ceme thiin ho went . o c ortidnly n ever drell.mod tha t ho would not come be.ck dD uncomJ it :lon nl Union mclil . Yot , ·r;,} f€'!3r our cxpectotion s ~ouchinr_: h i m hcVEl com<' to Db.Ught . Bo so er.ts t o h a vo ke:pt ]?uoo on th o btlllko o f tho Nr.va -. i t h t h& most C\,ii't - footod .....n d hot - hca1lod 1holii,i oni st1:5 in the !.ycoumo of tfo·;;n 0l ano , or t.t10 .h..tll o o f tho ca.p i t ol . iie h a.s ou.tatrir,,pod h i :msnl f . ·re is ahead of .,.,ovojoy . ....o i c n eck b no el~ ~ i th ,.,, rrison ~- n d -:-hill i ps . ,A r os pootfully submi t hiG po s i tion to tho atte!ltion of t ho 0 r osi d ont . I .i' ho i s cor:roctly r oproscnto <'l , ho h a.a cle.ll'l y depri vo d h i rr,s e l i of all powors o f uso ful:nose to h io country i n this dny of h.. -i r tri cl. :le l o 0.£1 littlo a bl,., to aorve 'hor {.fl he is \"i lling . :F:rom thc;i ~i11 cizma ti Gri~~etto , ·•ue u st 19 , 1 862 . ·poach 0:1: Cd-ssiu s ::. Cl u;sr - :10 denoun ces · n c;l l':lld . thinks li r a.nee i s well - d i sposEH1 , ulogizoa r:uoai.s-1, nnd tl,;.\,yP town ni n Viowa of Gonauctint, the ···ar . s ,,lroer:1y ull!lou.ncnd in ottr "I iopa tchoa . Ct-ssius •:. Cl ;-!.Y made a11eech a t -ashingt on on Tu osdoy ovoning . \s i ts p rincipa l po ints wo:ro t ol ogre.-phod e11 by our corrc,01:>0n dcnt , it i o only nooessu ry to quote u f ow pasnnceri , to \".hi ch j u sti<.rn coulc1 not. b o dono in hia ah stre.ct : " I nov- uasure ;vou thu.t :you :t'oun a ~·our hop"'e of Tiri -tish _1·1on dahi p , u.mi ty , .na non- intcrfm•cnc<J u·pon -~ fuls o 1MSiA , i .f you suppo.;;:o 1,hero i n o.ny a nti- s l uvory s ont i mcrnt in tho Bri t i nh dominions tht.L t i s go in,~ t o keep ""n<; L rnd frot1 l v.y ing vio l <' nt , h ·1n e1s upon thio groet !·!opublic h en ahe da r es . (C ries o f '''rhat i s so . 11 ) :ot.r i a tho only thing tht::.t e£ltors hor £1.·o !l int orferinu i n bch nl f o f thn !1ou1;h , f or the purpose of pro~ tra ting ~na forever blottincs out f rom tho ins i gni u o f nutions t'l-1c ~tur S_pang l od Banner, 1.r.·hich ::l s ·tho p.r-ide of our n ,1tion , und the nibhty r cpros onteti vo of 01.1 r p r in ni p l os . ( Lou fl "l!) 1;Luac . ) T tJ i ve you r,y .,-ord o f honorA b .lt , uftor t h o c lose s1, ob~orvHt ion , ...nrJ :roost tho roU3'h intor coureo wl th '"'.n5 1 1 ahmon in ovcry p},.1.rt of '?Urope . I h e.v0 ac.f'-1-rcoly me t on e man who dHi not s incnroly 00::1.i.ro t.l:o ove rthrow o f tho ,,merican "";opublio, and b e li eve s uch woul d bo the ultimuto r osult --w.r. !• orstoi: , 1n the douse oi ~a1.· l i 1.1.t'l·.11t , c.l.Ilci ::esfa·s . C- obdon c.ll'ld v rigllt , boinc ho noro.b l e ex c ept i o11s ; bu t t hey aro mor oly soct io n a.l mon , ru,d ao bu1i l"G]:l'.t"'oaent tho Bri"; i s.h peo p l e , \'l'ho uro honoatly u.n d foar lo1:1sly on our s1do , bocauso 1.hey l ov o t h e Pt'inoi pl e s ·.. hi ch tht.t f l ne r 0pr0s onts : 1,ut tlir--il" i nflu0noo i o . JU I b efo r e r0rnur ~od , o nly 1 1t"litcd . I think 1 110.znrd no th in~ in s ~ying thtrt thor0 :te no publi ~ a on t 1mont wh o.to"tler t •.nc! 110 11otcnt pf'o p l o in 1:n5 l arid t who tu·o on ou1· o i clo , llgaina1 tl10sn •;•ho would 1 ,_y violent hands upon tho i n sig nia o f our n nt iona l i ty .. "I b c l i c vo that the Fr C?nch ·peopl e .md th0 r'r cn ch ·mporor i,,.re not, , c.md ha vo boen f rom tho bog inning , just ao the 1:mporor o f' tho irr ench huo ognin a:tn d ugnin ovol'r .ed h ima r l f' to bo , a f irm t..nd f ixe d fri ond of' the mori oan ?.opub l i c . Let u s niot t ko "'"'ne, land a s a. sour c e o r inf orm....t i on c:.tS to t h o d i e-po s i t io n <.tnd doo ign o f t he ·mpcror. · e a ll know. ":hen i t wns lou dl y a nd universally procl uimed in , r m:ico~ that the i r 0ncb ·mpcror h ad de cla re d his ar>t orn'linnt ion to interfere , hov t he r.nvr>T'nmn ~+ ~ +1-1 ....,..,,n-n ,w,.,1,e1, J.1t("{ni -1+ 0 .,,,,,f,'l,,, n,...+'4.nn+ ... ~ ~ - · · - -· , Ji.._ 4 ;tJ ~,4,~u.t'.'u~{, ,( ~~..1.rh,a{ ,7J». </}~~_!,, 7 - "' :..:,· - - PT; 4 {,._,L ..._ __ _ .,_ _ ~ �- 464 - the tnatto:r . 'Pho 1-r:rparor , too , iri 11iG addreos to tho : 'l-"crich .:hiJJnbors , told them that t so far f;:..•01·q :propo aint; to intorfol'c by h ie a ct j.on \7ith the blockade v·llicb thG ,'.r:-:ori om, :~epu'blic ha<'i cotob , ished , h~ n ovor virou.ld inter:t>are i nnl ees J1tst cii:n so of 1ntor.foronoe shou.l o occur. ( r,oun tind prolonged applm1so. ) !Jo~•• • gor,tlcmon ,. there is im 1::1,vowal.. Those worcis ur t1 on rocorc1 , a:nc1 tho wo r l d l:::no-ws it. Nc i thor you nor I 1 1-ho nownpap~r llr esu riol" 1.my :::iet of men . h f~VA th~- right to queotion tho integrity o.f th_j.a avo we,l unt i l 13orne 1J.ct sh6.l l a ocur ahich would e i vo th~ lie t o :i. t . (Cheers) . ! th.ink -- t say it :froM tne b est inf ormct i on whi ch I can got -- f ollowed up by tr.if.l l ntt o1· , ...-;r.h i ch w,~B written while the di ffi cul ty a1;tonding the arrcet o f .t.uson ::ma fil i dell wun pond1ne., , t b at tho T•'r onoh n~t1on ha e boen P.nd at ill i s 1.ho frio:od .o f th11 ·morioo.n Repttblic . 0 1 " It i B true l~upoloon subsoquont l y p:rovou fu.lso to h is avormls up to this t i me ; but the ~•·r onoh 1.>coplo oh.owed , tn, thei:r suboequont ,;.cticn ; thui I \1,.1..; r1£,ht abo ut thom. -- c • , 1 0fl5 ,. ( ~ppl au.f;:o , } .!:.et ua , then, t> iVP. hi!'.:1 our :f:b.:lth un d our con1'idonce , t hat llo mee.no what he says; that ha ,;,ill do ~nd act us lle m0U!Js . ( r,ou,~ ,':1.j)J)l ll.U SO . ) 11 1 think l ,?ar1 say , without i 11p licfltio11 oi' prof&?lity or· w~:ni; o:t' dof£;ronco , that , ninco tho days o f Ch1·i0t hi.rnself , c..m.ob t-l hctpJJY u.m1 glorious privile 0 e ,has not been r esorvet'l to urry o ther m&:n to r10 that amount of e-11otl; und no mun has ovor more eclle1rtly or nobly dono it tha.n Al exunaer II. , t ho Czar o f · :-i:ussia. I :reff)r to t h e 0mw1cipstion of the 2~ . 000 , 0 ( C of eerf~ . I fl IJ'ho tniti~l ator, s towt:.:r{1 o:rfli!:itlcipt..1 ion. were t tJorn ln 1661; but tho (iotuil s took so-veral ye ro·s mon~ to oornpl etr th(l of l h G serf's of r ues 11:... - - c. , 1885 . N' un<:>ip~t ion (Vo ciferou.s cheering . ) .treTo , ➔ hen . f c llo~·:- citizcns , wt.a th e p l nco to l oo'k i'or an nlly. {Henowod apr-1l a.mrn . ) troro , :follow- citizens, you h avo f oimd ml a lly . ( ChA&l~s . ) 'i'riwt h i m; for your 'trust Will not be misp l a ce d . ( lp r l auso . 1 -.:-t,ind by hit:1 , J.nd ho v..111 -- as he hi,a often dec1~:re ci t o me he will -- stt..nd by yo-u.~ (<.i..'h€i spc.~kar ·,, ut, h ore inter- 1 rnpted hy n lens • oontinv.ouc ou't bu:rst o f appl ,mao . ~-.b ich l tlstoo oomo V time . l i o t o:nl.;y laxe.nd~.)1- . but n5.c wholr..' fror.:ily ...re Vii th you. ( Ronowod ~1ppl...iueo . l ,ton , -,-:ornron :-tn <l cl1ildro11 . ( Cont inuoa ap})hiuso . ) i:lone o:!' t.horri ca-,. the brei-<i of 1 dl cl1E'H;~ . ':_ Lose ·1:hu.t be long to the 1:0,yal house ?!.l'O i1ctinG e::i.n i ·.po.rt ar,rtJ p,at in tho u~P1inistrt..ti on o .f tho GovornrnoJJt . t nB taJ-;:tH'I tho !load or tho n (~~~, , c.nc,tho:r tho ~:rtrrr , .:mo t h o:r t~1·icul1.uro , P.ta- - all rf!en vdth tom:;,er...to h .,!blts , oul ~;ivatod intallocta , anct fini. a.dd r erH'1 , tlevo tine .~111 thf'i :r nnore icn in co - opcrat'.i.nB wi~;h t he Cz!].r for 1 ho ol ovntion of hi s peor>lo . rioro lo vely , intelli0 on'C , v irtuous . cma. 11oblo family 1101-or oi.:cup i or1 OJ.~ 1:1urrounde d a throne bo:f.'oro . ;;h ilst l }3l)cnt dbys u.nd weoks in mo1rinc s.roun a e;uzint, a'ti li.n d. .-~c'.;mi::r;i ng t 1, o poopl~ , I w~s r-;u.rprisf3d ; .for 1 h-.td ro 2 d in ~mgli sh Journals o £ 1.ho ?.ucsiu.n peo p1o bo1ng bn't 11 ttlo better than beast a o f tho f i ol d , but I huvc i'o t.Ulo thu.t the Rliesi ans t1 :re <.l, 6 re.~t l'a<.~e . ·•,·ell , no\', , you aro i)Qine to oonquor tho ..;ou.th. How:· By my fr t o:nd tev,1,.,..rd tt.kins dtnne r s arH1 orinJ.:s·;• ( taughtar 1:1,n d EL_ppL .,u.se ,. i You. a re goine; to con quer t.no :-ou:t:h by tu1r1:nr.-: tho S\70 rct i:n ono h~d ti.nd s l a veshackles in the other . You a.To e;otne; to conquer t,1e !::out.h u ith one portion of your f aros , whi le the othor is deta iled io c1.1.ard robal propnrty . You ...:;;a so r!lt.0 nanit.!Ous that you are go i ng to put down this e,i ge.ntic offort ut our nat i on a l l i fo , in tho l s nguae;o of Jim T,ane , 1'by fi eh ting thoir battloa anu your own . " ( ,ppl....uso . ) Ho\· l o ng h u.ve you tried i t? -r,,or n earl y ei5h t oen .months .. $ornr, of the b oet mon in thi s 0011.ntry h1;1vc 0 ono down t,o l h e ir c r a von . Two h un dr ed n:nd f if'ty thousand o.r thA l oy a l troop s of the United St e.t en h a v o d i ed on tho b ~tt l o- f i old , n r b o'en c1i st.~bled by sickn ess . :How many mi lli ons h a ve y ou ex pended ? ,., by , a sum rollins- up to on e thousand ~illions - - al mo et o?w- four th o f the n at ionc.1 debt of ·'.rlg l nn,d . that hr1s boon uccumul a tins f or t1eos-j 1 �( - 465 - .;md. otill you ha ve boen c :;..rr y-:t1~b on the war. upon such pri.n o11,1 es ciS thooe you can no t st~nd 1\pri rrh t in tr11c.• eyf'a of th.o wor l d.. on t hoso p r inci;pl es y ou n ovor can con qu.i~r; t1.n d J :..un told by men ei h i gh in ,...utho rity t h 1,1.t tho capi t ol i s 1'Jt ill in o&J(;'(! l" , Gcnt lerr10n , hov- .rru.ch longer i s t,hi s thing 0 o il\,; to co11tinu.o? "~ J.ght t.hiti we4r on til.n pr:incj pl,w of eomruo11- sons0 .. • ::; .tor my- ~elf , n eve:t· , so help me Cod . '"'ill I dr aw a av.or d 1,0 keop tho chains (r:remon tlo u l.:l ,1.ppl . _..u so. ) 5'tl)?pose , G,1ntl c--mon , tht..tt y ou sucoeod upon the p:rosnnt po li cy ; wh..it h u.vo you gained? 'B<'3ttor r o cot,.,n i.:rn the Zout hern Confo do:t'f;.cy ut onc;o , e.n d stop this effu~do11 o I blood. than to cont inue in thi10 pro oont rui nous r,ol i oy . or hu:vc e vi-1n u roeto1·,1t ion of I he Union i;.S :it ·t:l'4S ~ Che.nt:o yc ur r,ol i oy . and show tha t yo u ar e i n o&rnest . qona ' ti tJ~"l'!b aasudor--me , i f you "<, i ll , nm.ch us the ol~vo- h oldalhO h a.1,c mo , u.n<, 1 thom- -;o Jofi . I•avis with u message tlrn.t , i f ho wi ll con sent to h a-ire- the r eb e l e 1 ,-.t y do~•m tl1o i :r t-1rms , ,:.md oomo a~in u.nd or t h n pro t e ctio1n o:f' th(l old f l ag 1::1.nu the Co:nAt5. t ut ioi1 • ~ p r otnction wi ll b e gro.nteid. to hirrr; bu t ._ Jf. no t , warn h i rn o f 1:he conseqi.toncc . o.nd thcz1 g"> to 1.•10:rk in r0c1l e.i:rneat , una . i.f u eoess.scy . deeol&t e the v:ho l e South . "As retGaras ·t·he d i at)o f~it11on of 1-:ho n ogro . I arn oppoaea t o coloni .. ~i'\tion . be cause i t t7:Ul b e tho moans o f del ayin s om~~ncip:1tion; in .f~ct , only t end ing 1 o por11ot-u.a te tn0. i1rnti 1·uti on of s l av e:r-y , .ulo tho diffi cul ties of i ts ow,rthro,, , by r a isine the v alue ol' s l a '\ieS . 11 0 1uo1J dJ)CthG:r f cJ.low- b oin0 • 0 The !'fe w York Tribune . o f ,'ltg ust 13 . 18 62 . thus ~unma:rizes t ho speeoh :- Genc r ul Cl oy s po,.ce wi th much warmth . a nd urged u. vig orou s p1·oaoc11t i o11 o-· ihe 't':f.J.r by ot :d k ine ao-vm e very elom, nt of stt~ongt:h. in t h o h alds o f tho r 0b ·e ls , ,'.;ind by seizi ng t1very e l ement oi' str ongt h , i n th~ r oach of tho Union, by powor of prool (,matic.,n . H. Soo:a Linool11 s ..,nt for rnn , :.m d sai d~ "T. h,1vo b eott tninking of ;,Jhat Kcntuoky would ~o c.e;ai:nst us; ana wo h c.1.Vo now I ropliod : "You :..To iY?hituko.n . questiorl d i seuseed by mG up tho i:r rninos. !?:r: 'i1h -i •• a;_1~Hrtor of r.1B rrru.ch as ·,1 ctm Cttrry . 11 ontltc:ki un;1 luwo hoard thi s -l oo~ll.U:¥-,i,. ,:,,n u havu ~l.1 mt.de : hose wi10 i.n•t••ne to ot .,md b:, alavnry h av~ nl i-eaoy ' joinod t.tio robol ar1,iy; m::,d tho 1:1<' wh o romn.i n .ril l a t a 1d by ,~ho Union &.t Co down . ~na seo how tii.cy t~t und , ~!.l'ld report to mr-i . 11 So at once 1 set out ; mttkiug ~:i. d.ivor s ion by speaking a few 1. imos , in tho ifortll, as H p!.dct l oc tux·or , thu ~ t o :ra i so mCln oy i o:r lny ox111:meas which 1 J:-,ia.lly n oedod . unci t o cover tho l)Urpoao of nzy tour. 0 0 ~.,ho -:ffect of E:l a vory u.pon the Poor :a1it cs o:f t h o ')outh-1;"!. l e cture b cfo ;re th e Young Men ' s Centra l F.opubl i oe~n Union. in tho :Bro adway Tab e rn a cle on ~'ri d u.y ev ening . Hi s e1:ib j o ct was , 11 '1'110 Vffect o f Sl a ve ry upo n tho Poo1· ...h it es o f t h o South . I! ,li'tnr bri efl y i n tro ducing tho Thn Hon . Cassius ii&. Gl ~.y doliverod subject, ho went on to r eason , by analogy &nd f ~ots, pr esenting many :favorable Md f orctible compu.ri sons, wel l eustednod by �- 466 - unden i a ble ..rtatiijt:ioe , e1howi Ylf; th~,..t tho tenden cy o f Al ;;:.vcry h :id over b e en • ..md avor v:01tl.d cont inue t o b-0 ,. oppose,l to _pro g r esi:.i vo s~:l.onao~ Eio r oviewcc! t .b e con duct of public roan in thtJ Vti.Y-iou.s [.1iewte::, of tho Union Bil'.10;0 tJ-1 0 l'trrnlu.t ion i n 1776. which ho char;-rcto:d zed ao but the boginniuc oi' th£:t grcrnt r ovolt:i.i,ion ··J1i ch is now going on• .:.n<l '.1thich ~'hS likoly soon to 5.nagux a..1.;o a no~. t tl'ld lllOJ."a liborul s y~tem of pol i t ios , . . . nd tcech men . o f vrb &to vc:i• cl nos , th e ir sen se o f duty t°. tho Ro~ubli o , tUJ{1 thE:ir ree.1 d i g:n:i.~y -as tho ci t i zons of n nut ao~ elorlously ~rce . li~ ursed upon ~he young men o f i;he ~1ge to work unCMisinzly it, t h i s 8roat mov<'ment , as 'they owed it 'to thei r- a1wcos so1·s . in virtue o i' the boon they thomselvos h nd rcor-dv!t- d ut the h a n ds o f tho i:r- fo.th n:rs . tri.r. Cl a.y fi n i sho(l J-1is l ecture v,ith e g r u co fu.l a.na tc-l l ing p<}rora.ti on . 6howing that t1~e l1 oite l r,pr,cn t o:f 11 true sci E>r.tC◊ wr:.a uttcei.ed by its prog reSHi'V e powor ::tnd its influence over th o mi n ds &:ad mor a ls 0 f the U.lli V el'Sal r1~0ple . ~·11is ada r tisA was ill1 no way inferior t o nn}' prnvio'ltS effort of :.~1· . Clay , but Wti,S 011e1 o f tho so macn:i.fie~t d:Lspl uys of s ubs t a n t i al elouue:nco wliic:h l oa.Yo the :i.mpression o! g rca.tnese und . ~oodness on tho rninds o ::t' l:i.D intrn1li gont and 1t1>p:recj.utiv0 au di ence . T rlCl' tt werfl over two thOUSfmd p<u·som3 pres on t /J>k ~r♦ E . ~-.r:h en I roaohoo Loxingtot11, .tirby Smi th town. =-:icb.mond ; a n a Gen oral Lc1w . fo1· 0G0. ltta.o march ing up-on ~ county .'t.1llaco was i:n conmi~6. of tho Union 1 I suggested th.r.. 1,t tho defense ug-ui11at thoBo votn:r..u1 troo ps shoul d bo ma.do on the bluf'fs of the Kentucky !ii ve r ; that tho pusses wor<1 few , end oHsy of defense . ~·11is I know from l()ne obse:rv u.tion ili f i shi ne i11 t ha t, river . from the thrl)o f o:i:·k s to the mou'th . '.io.lla.c e thon aF:ked me to t aJ:e ch.area of the t1~oops - - inf u.ntry ¢l!ld a rtillery - - and muko t ho defense as r thought best . 0 Cinoinn slti Gazatt--o. t:orrcs1)on dcnce, r o,.;:ine;tc,n , I:y . .JlltrJ.at: 24. , 16£.2 . 0 Gon <1r i1l Cassius :I:.. Ol ay 1.s h ():rn , in co:MmJ.l'ld o :' ,.~ br :lEl~~e . ~i o is • by commi ssion, & :,1ajor- GA,n<H ..Hl. but; ttSkP only th0 position o f a Bri0 adio:r t a116 hie COU'.tnm11d ocinstitutos fa part of' the) i'oroe now h nstening f orward t owr:ird 1-hP. Cu.rnb orl rll'l a Gap . and t hon co i n t o -~tu)to rn rrennc s1~crn . In ml ai tion t o this th"Cr"' nr(;! $0~0 o thor things i;ht.i.t .r know concerni ng hi rri.. . 1.nn othin•s..,, wh .i oh r i n f,~ r . I rnow thti.t 'he h t!s r ecei ved tiJ'1 urijont; l ett er from ' I:r. Lincoln, desi ring h i n.t t o r et,1rn t o :~ussi a , lilld t }hLt he b us promisr->d to d.o so . bu 1. I i n fer both f rom h i s con"Torsn.tio1n an d his ~cl.i ons th.:i.t h e i:nt.ont1s to f irst tu.ko t. t u 1.·n vdth th11 ... eCfl!8si onistH, t houen tha t may l eavo the rni ssi o11 in t ho h andG o f 1i:r . Cu::1oron for t:i. yei-..r o:t· oo . Ea b oginG u s o. Bri g~il.ier , but if 'hi o s:ucoens o qtUll S h i s eur?l'<:r ntt1oflt1 h e will not fai l to tu.ko <;. l ur gar no.mria.m1 , unlMH, th o purpooc:: o f ('enoral .Hallock i s to cripp l e ov ory man ·i1ho h as not :A · ·o st J~o int ohcopokin. E . To this I ool'l $onted an d tho re sul t i s 'bes-:-- cllovrn l1y th,.., ..::ol lowi ng l ottor; Cassius E.• Cl ay - !ntoroati ne Comrn.unicati on ::ol a tivo to h is Conn c~ c:t ion 'V, i th Gon nr..i.l N9 l s on . �- 4·7 - r• .f .n i .or hr Co 0 . 1. . a. , ,, '('ni t . h ,,.vinc t. nci nff\• •Otl :u.,._, in ton . .:t v .. r b .1 ontu cJcy fl OpOl of oc i l •tur " t i 9i . 18 3 . . !)O .,ch ( 80 I. C . Si p 0 . ~· pr th , ' ext . . ,- ., . r il . .' . a 71 p 0 "I• r 1, rn 30) • I ,e 0 > c} .., . , ·e7s . ... )~ • C I o· to -.in oln, ntuo t '1 - h0 ry b · y , on ~cb r . r ro au 0 0 , a �- 468 - e:por c nci n n d i ze t . 2. to t i · i!'~.~r i ··sue 1 1· bel t • t.o .. 1 .t i ·le; ut . o clw· · t ion of' e 22n d d oedom 8 2, o ' ~,cpt mb ... in .. 1 · th e le I h r joic coi at o i El s r • co o ~•ort ha co • T 1i <1t r i tt n o ·v C' n · r ic , in l 6 , C' 11 �- 4 9 no , ·;hen to :ncip,a. m:i:rrn . • ,":l o .i.h so l--> n h ·or oille t 0-thy m Hllb rr •1 ;ton . ,t self n, , i . o· ·.,n. i ruin , .:_c the C ll L ·1ti le tor Blinn ( ith eto ~o d . t a.r l_; of "1.1 t,e 1•1 1 I -. 'l'fl('I .,., J. ii ,PU lit11' 1ff, vena ; :.n ! ~ ]1~ I , ,-, . s·, J-_i OU 1., fric f l ' H1 ·1.o fi X .. io ti. ' C 1u j j1 . ..,r; .. oen 1 ·.i•of ots , ) ' a, .. i propriot~ be · ,ro ~u o h ro: -·o , ' IC 't. R 'CO, ;T, G.f:t :'¼ .h ., ~ l on . ur . 11 �- 47 0 - E.c inf ormocl mo th,:~t . fol~ mon, ·l h ":rJ t,h i : ty yo.,n-s , t'ln·n wr..1-; sci.rcoli' u night tb..:,;(, he di d l:101. expoct dJ) attaok . --th..tt he did not ex;pe ct vi cl 0nco . D.::ld , porhs ps,, r1oa1~h . 1 ~11 :::.·t·o,., :f~.!riili;.;.:.',itr d.1.n:-:..-r • . Le :r..istioio-nb e;:ri tic rue.y 0~ that he to o o .tt en provoke d 1 t '" '?:- 1·h:•._p s so did r,utbor . Ee il i d not :il W{tys l'!lNlAurc • w:i1~1'-. nic e er.t..ctnud: . h is words. Hi o no ol o se:uso ot· .ti ~Jht ltzid :i.ndi t,n~t:ion ct ,Jrong , f lo" ocl out in bu :rnin:;- wo rd;s • l i 1~('l thn prin1;- u,r, fi re,:, o: Ve~u.Yim: ~ Jf i.l1oy '.rinuleu t.1. conflt-1.-,.rn:.i,tion , tho :z~osponsihili ty- ,va~ wi t .h t h0 e:o who h~d. b"t"!.:ilt u.p syuteffls of 7.'I'On(: uporl h u.y .,.nil F.t111,'hl ci . !~u.ch iml)~tuous souls ti-l'C llt°'COSS{ ....y in such titnee . :r.o :;c'nt l o s.1.d.r i t o.i iiieJ.i~ncthon -111u "l"a.fl. u e •,;onl d n ovor h t.Ye 9 ~t,hi o vea t:1c 1•0£'orm.:ltion. · 'ill i t.J I T,loycl Gb-1.-rison p11·.formod the 0"Jne noble f m,otion in tho },' roo ~tst~.€!0. ~l ay ' s .~rd ··~xTieon ' s .nobl r~,go b.r--ou;s-ht t he' f l t.Va - c,wrn· to b1.:L~' , v.nd o.,rou sod t,·o on or ~i es o f f !' riPdO"TI~ •, oll I hsa.r 1.br: cloL~r ri:ns o f ·.r . Ll (..,y ' s voiro , .Mi d ths.t f o.:.ri'nl di:c or buttl c: ''i,o r God ~nd thr- ~-it.ht ! 11 ell I 1·eca.ll th ::i noblo WOTdC Of covnscl c1n a v>al-.nin,.;· thronc;h hi.;·, /D.19 ~·.:ncl·iom:i.1 ,mi? th12 ,Yh,..!kne ••nei sorrow th,.:;t, .filled :11illio:nn o f h.oorts1 on houring tha t a mob h &.,: t.'l 0atroyed that froo press. T::i:" Utl: cc: orr.ec: to t,o c 111s11of tn oar t h , cul i t so,ni- .1.·o fe i:-.v.sc..in; and the.. $cU110 b:i:·r.v c vo ice cont J.nn<:Hl to :rtng through the f ·tnt e t:r.d -the Nat ion . Hi s n t;!.m~ WtH.~ then ce £i1 synonym for h A:c-oisrr,. ..ir . 1 l <it9's co u:.:·so in tl101 £,,'exica.n :a.r f•urpri(:;oo mo R't o f 11is udmiror$; y et , I b oliove , :fo~. quor·L i o n ot1 +;h~ int()~1;•i ty ot hh· 111o i ivee. Hi e eub.:Joquc.nt cour se u ti;ost.ad h i e 1mwsv 0rinc edhesion to p-rinc i r,lo . r boliovo th/;.lt .tr. Cl a;,i ..,as w·1)01.l::, tho .ro1--emo-cit to UL'eo u1;011 ~:1· . r.incoln thti moesure o f' 'Jn.l.il'1cipat ion • .:'no p ?n'.'tioul&!' inuic1ont 111 :~r . C'l o.:1 1 s hd,'lr 1ifi:- T h P·v~ m,1rt• ~d ~1s illu;.:-:tr:..:.til'l[; t h o feu.rl flmmesa o f h i o cl1ar-::1C'l0:r- . s n r. h i R 1'CA.d innss to go who r e <h1ty c i.._llo d . T,urtne; ·t;ho exciting cru:rv ass of 1860 , h e ~poke f !'om tho sicJH~ of t he ~t~te - HOUf38 • in . r flinl:£ort , u.t:1i c: { }l(l 1'lTkn osu Of nie;nt .. _ :r, ?'l'ld.l'k f or 1n1my -:;ho h :..:.d cou t.,h"v h i s lift). Bu t Yon t1..1.cki un s o.:ro too b:-i:-nvn to shoot a rntU'.! ir.1 t11~ our k . 1 1Jol i c vo he ~pok~ , f t crrv1i• :i;<l in t.h<1 :·t~1i,e- Houeo to both br~...nche ~ o.1 tho r.,o 0 i sL:J.ture, b:v thcd:r invita tion . In 1:rrilli un co 01' oloquoncc .. rH'l r,ow,,:,· ·to cnrri.r11~mc1 me11 , }w wc1-s 110-t ogu s.l to h i s i l luntriou ~ r ol v.t i vc . Henry Cl e.Ly; but 1n breu.oth or views und st a tcs::nan ship , ho -..:.:..s il.:i. a m1pflricn.• . :re h~:..d too ,, i ae _ ta re, rnmc·nt of moJ: &.l c:::.u se!J ~:nd cf':focts t o !Jo dec E' 1ved with tho ao 11hi otcy thu-t a. compromi!3t? with s l avoJ:y ·,·ou.l d rc.Gto:re '.hJ..:..1.""lOn;v- ~1otvHrnn tho RA(~iont1 of 1 t.i::a 'ir.iOll . I t i11co ·:.n it: v,~lua'b l o ; us r :iu~vo not b cor1 u."ulo to 0 0.t n copy o :t my spEeoGh of ~Jl [,"USt :..i ')ih , 1862 . b 1. fo1•1, -'v hc t.ot,:;inl t~ tnu-e in t;oesion at _ r w;Jr:'ort , ! o:ntuc lcy • .J.il tl! · 13.,Gh ,- o r Sopt cnbc:r , 1862 , I r nceivoa tho followin r; : :f 1"~.-1r1- ~ u ~:i:1. "J,:- Or TRT- l...'iZtl'Y f dju.i.onii - Gon orn.l ' ri Of.::·1,oo t ··.:-lBhl:nt, ton, Svpt .. 1 2- , 1862 . ~pech;,l C:rtleri.1 i;(, . 233 ( ··xti~a,<;-t;) • ..,. ~ ~r ., '·t ~ -t -1-- + ..f- -f -f "' ~ -t- -f 3 . ,Jtjor .. Gen eral Cussius ·1. Cl vy . r;. ~.• Vu.i.1.m.t;;or rt:~ , i ~ &t:s:.i. ;noa to au.ty in tho :Vopartrncnt of tll:10 Gu l f' , a n d wtll report to :.7ajor- ~onc-r~l Butler. w; By Gon . ' Cl ay . 1 •-f 1 "'/ •! •-t .., ,i '4 -1 ./ -I ..J. ~ - -{ -f- comml'.m1 o f i.:a.jor - Gnn Pral i!.s.llock . ,. r. 'Town send . •'..s sists..nt Ad jutant- G/3:rwra l , �- 4 71 - I took ne.,,,_-t day to T,incol:n , wro i mnei t a 1-·lr, e 1 Oovi n '.l'his. o de nd V'.r :rot(' t c f ollowin g oou.nt r or or : ~, l O 'l:' - ,,. • l) f' . i ·: l ·ecu t ! ve · - s i on . a in~ton , Dept . 14• 1B5i ,• me Yon n e 00 't, :-:-o coe i i; !ei O 1 a, until you ho r f r om ·1e f.-ie c e-t, y o f ~.- ... (. ·.a 'o n0r 1 u. 11.Dll orrte.nil. 1 .., v, · th H bj c . t1~1ly , 01 r , -· 7,incc:i ltt . ''in 11 ent ! 5 11 r-i i gn 1tion , !·.~ follo. s : r'!._, r ., •1 is rV t ,/.. , 186 • I 1n coln , Yr s i ~en -- · -:: c1 11 nc.y , comni ~,1or1 .:.~~ ·ta" o r - 1 en"? r E~l of volunt or s to ,eJ.~e n fo c-t u en t.he r , ..,if:. "O.t i on o f -or l o11 i .,,·,otc. t i , ry to ?.1;1. s · ~ . <Hmon o a ail mys elf o y u:r pro mi . f:? ' o c enc I cz: to y i'cn. Ar~ i , ion . t t.hc cci .rt of f t . ::'"'t':!. b r~ , ·,hEn-o , I _·1utt c,:;: di,ys,.. lf , .f can bAttor f-lorvo rry c t .n try th n in ·h,: :f1 ie l c1 , undor G :a . ro.l H 11 . ak , ' ihO c o ro1)r es . h · · atro of libera l men l nto t 0 ora i , cour t ,Rir.s of l i fo . oh~"i .n ~.r nt , I nn n l;r, ~~ o h , r by r uG i gn Tnit .{ stato '"ll i co r q . , a ~ ~·:tr.i :~ ir: - - i:n fi.P 'r1 1 n. C. Cl ,y . dJ.1 b e s en th -1., J'1 i n col n promp tly ov oI·s •- 'ihus i en i:n .r mo to Or l x.O', ;.ns , wh :re tho ·he he t of , o_pto-bo ; -.n a ·.;h re , 0110 fo v or 1 a rr"" Vf.i. l i:ng , :in oub , , I , ·r. o hv.d •• i t 110 e of 1uSR i , woul d ha o f ·ion a vi ct~m ee u n, u . r i cnd 11ut or , wh t l '10 ..., QI \ k' e ru.l ' ()l ,.howeQ :30 to re ; ld 1:m. ... a is '.l.: h"· s j11, .o ~·t int rc:s inr- he ria l of b r i .·e1 uv rne y ' nl i a (: cnt 4.oo ut ~ ot ! · 1w.ry ~~ r'i -· n t.10 e1.c .n th t an ·r.v oc oa: :ne; r;as ,. d c ic . .'•ri OI'l • 0 ... :•02 J · O"t;s . <H' 1 :nf:r: cm l y a -+ '3. C ps1, n-t. 1 , oi'i i tel a· ,·i st,or:, 86•_ 1 if ,i 1 bon t,h "cri er 1 Joso .y Conf(:)deracy 1 •. rmy at 'l;.al on , or s b'?.n d <H 1 s i on c omman ae r s , t o co s i t .j c r - . . ene r nl Cl obur n o , -r/J:.. i ll ,-r; s f i r t c1pp ove er c 1ran~ndors o f h i s o i v i o ion . no V" 'nir f .iF.J d m)dor ~- t..1 ton r-nd ,,. d. t~ e t 'I'"~ ,_<l- enor o. - in- '. h i ef o f t -e 'onfod. .r ate oe ll d a co n:w i l of h i s m us 010 p 'I\' 0 v oT ~, -I t cforno to li h t . Johnston , ·n1;3 C wi .,h Ca~ •ro • .. nd d t . r r1 i nP to Pu.. sh , l" < tu.rn br,tt :.4 lJlUC 1 i_;O nd .oue-l t ! c ul(3 l'lO on0 Li col tho 0ht mo o LChomo o f I quo te fr o by t ..e Ci ncinn t i he �- 471 - 1 took next day 1..o T. inco ln , v,r..o i.,.l1.1c,U a.t. 1~ eu. t ~,h ie o <'lo t1o -, :no .r rot.:: 't:he foll o r1in .., ounto:r or or : :.-r• in.;,•to:n , nci :=:--ecutive .v,f..n ion , i jor- G n c 1 t. urn,. t • ~ - ul Y- - or "ir : - - Yot neea ot p~oru e Lo Fe. o. . l ,,11_, u.ntil you ho r i' .om I h ;•1,,r-- t'"n ,,~n ~ o stt~na in "'•i t , • 0 S0cret t ry o f ~,,.1:: u.11 r; n >i r ' th i"" imb ct . Your , ruly , . -,inc oln . 1 18fi~ • . ta Y C llcnc. ooln , . r si~en -- r S i en ;'. r c.ormrii (, j_ OYJ sc v ico . 1o te::'3 cfit: ct u.1o n i. o qimo n . >1.rn . n . 1'r,q . , a :,:..i. .i. 01 ;~1 r:r1 · 1, ,tr··nt i lil j -~o J us sil'!. , ' i .:- - iri it ·e:, h r b, c Stato \ lunt ors o'!'.1 o f do thie t o a ai l t·iys0lf of y ur p mi.~ o f' ~ o o o. k to my i ss ion at thc. conrt. of r-t . ::Gtor · ·:heio , ~ i'.. ut.i.c:r r.yc( lf , 1 can "" ,tor Einr o 1 y c rntry thun i 1.hr c1 , unc1cr • ,n r a Ral l o , ~ 1ho Chil .o r o ras ~ i o.!· h 1J.trc f lio orul mon i. nto t o rd i n l'Y cour t .i=i ios o f life. . I , .i truly, y,,,_ o 'l{iui ,nt t • 1-v r· t , ro rmm. 1 . . r· , .,,, * Le tt e r r om Oa l e B. i th , of Linco l n ' Cabine t . epart ent o f" the Interi o r , 1B shi n ton , 8e t . 10 , lA 2 . en . c . ,.,. • lay , l De& r i : I r eer e t th t y ou d i d not call on me on . onday as OU eaid y ou ould do . I Hall e e -: and t he Pres · den t . , .i th the o I coul d do no th in . He seemed to t h i nk tha t your i l itar y owl e owas a u ir ed out s i de of e t _oint . he Pr e sident d i res da te y ou ; and I t h i nk he ill a ree t o gi v e y ou a apar tmen t in t h e South ,est . I h ave you r n o t e of ye terday , and a o li g d fo r you r c o l i anc i t h my r e qu est . You rs t ruly , Ca l eb Li n o l ,·o 1 Vl i vh Ca!ncro • ~ na de A ,in io • . ,i'initol. nbou . 7 he Con mi th . iy r tnrn ' .,f ' rn st. inG" 0 ju t r.:omo to li ght . thn ~Vt:D., 0 .\bou J u St: C-Ot ; i a 8 64. ' :l ' a co cil of his or 0 ,TJ er[.... ,Johnston , th n • anera. - in- · hiof o f th . <.,onfoder.J.t".:l call -. . Joso t de:racy .. rmy at r ·l on 1 a nd . i i s ion cof'll'Jl · nders . to co ns i d r t ho of t jar - G ner 11 Clob lrn ,h i .h w"'c, T _ ,."' _ .,.._ ir t ap +'"""---+ ova d by t e - ,,..c- -.! -- - ~ -I I �- 472 - ''Tho .!_)Oint z of it (tho m<'.lj}Ol'ial) lui:vr-i beon pr.o::..<-"rved ~ ue O:Kf,l ~inoe below: '' .rt 1u-c·ocr on tho \~ri.n .f\1ciBr c.i,(' Cc,n 5 JKn tiF.: t th, a.r:m.n oipt.1':i on of ~ll slavos , un t i,h1.1i r no~Pc:ri1itio1. i .rr'.. o tbc e.rroy ,' :fo r:l a i :mod : 11 1 . f;nah n cou.rso \l,ou.lci rfllicv c thf> (.•O11thcrn poopl ·\ of •• yc ..D:ly tax . ~1 1" un1).roilnc t1.v0 1~0TJ m.~tpt i cn , li"c,:mao ~ he t:>l~•"c ccinnumcd ;:101'"' 1.-1.LB.n hie profits; thui~ diet h .1e;n:i.ah ing~ the p?·ofit of the nesro E~or~ t h e profi t o i' cotton . 11 2 . :rt would animate t h e 11tI1dy ing gr a titude of t1urt. :race . :rt wou1 C r.-:r.ea.i.:f· jn t h €! negro r: ,sre !.1.t er s ol :i - r espect :cmd •r 3 . ambi t i on . 4 . ·, i 1·r, l )'.'ht i t:,ct' ._.:ue. .... ri:d.t i o11, the. t:.tr-irvi ce o £ tl1 c l:\lol d ier wo uld be both rclii:.ble i,md v nlu.a.bl e . 11 5 . '.'1lra~ t h1.} t!tOI 'ti.l e ffect 1,1,.rov..gh<:.ut tho wo:r:ld , bnt v~poc i"'illy in '!::U.1"'ope • woul d be gen or a lly atreri1gthanin::: 11-nd bsnef icia.l to 1.h 0 "ioul,h . ''6 . Th",.,1: the rosu1t would b o tile ai gn..11 :t'or i mm-0di ate ~u1·0.ouan r e co c ni t io:n, ~n d .. indeoa , ~c tio)'j1. Gc,rma.ny rulcl ltalJ wnu.11 hr.-iv" 1H)0JJ a i s i).J....mr,l1 o f 'thE! h projtt8icc ~ 'f!l~po l co~ v,otl.la i .un~s d i utcl y h u\7 "t.> ven oncou1.•i::~r~ea 1:o b ocomri ~1 T..af~ ycttc1 , (;i.n d G.t·ea1, Erit,, in wou.111 not h •rvc hcGn a fl".::\id to b n,(!J~ h i ·, i n .:."t...r l ibm.1::nt,f:. t·y decl u 1·u t1.on , no m:.i t 11n• how -the ,;;o r·k11 ine eh1£scs would ha ~o f elt . "7. rn,..-1.t 1 t ·;:-ouli! r :..J.s~ t1J.c- blocke.a.a , Jt.na. ; i ve ·ai' prov i a i o:i.11, tu:id c lothins; . 11 "The n crnoria l wus a l en gthy one • each :point b oins t.:unp li f i n 11 .nd a r gued . '.i':he p:.pot i t. sol f c r'"'.n no t b e .fo rn10 . ;.•mor t.:tl C.l cbu.t:nc 1h.HrL:c·oyod h i s O'.n c-opy , ~nd tJ cor-:8 sont to -:ichmo:ad ut t ho t i "1e i s not to no .foun ~ i n t l:c c~pt u.rc~ £1'c.hi,.oo. Tb:) u1hov,., points v,,Jro ·'>rc;:i<"):V()J. t)~' :.'t .jorCh L....1 lee S . .!Hll t t}1c ,.1cco!"l.?J.ialrnd G1:ntistlc:~<•Yl o f i:ne ~:ta~r; 7 cnu:!· 1· mon t t who wt..l:: 1. loou·rni:,·1r3 Chirif o f 1.·i tll ary ~.._ t,h c Lil'lo ,.h.-, mn.morltu •,~.·1s prcp.'3.red . ''.i~hc l'l~pc:r~ i'ollovdng J.):i' P£J•.?nt -~11e s -tory ol th.i i: lll '.!.11 o.,: C-leb,n--no , -an d thf.' ltCtion t:~lrnn upc:ti it, oo fa:.r: .:-\fl i t is p r ,H10.r·-vrycl : n '!,h .. t ,,ort:i.on o f the Confe<lorr.ft,,, ~jh i.vo8 n o . in 1,A)useBsion uf the ~ovv!"nmGnt . ,: 1 'i"'h::i council refnoe 1 1n2.ni , ously to a.clo~pJ; tho :mc11101:ittl, Gnn~r:aJ <" l t,1m.nrn ' n fon'la r d 1 iv1 1:ri.'m o t~lonro ; m'1 · cn~r.;:?.l Jo.bnston i t to tho Confeder,1.tr- (..'!o,v~1 r mncnt , ;.,.'.lld burnocl it. 1J;, (;OJ'l 11 :i:e:fUS(i C to It , hO?JoW?l' , that - -t • • • • ''ll'he motiv•.,s 1:,.r. ¼ea l ttno patrio t ii.il!l ·.. h :lch h t..v o p:romptnr ~~Pnrrr.:1.1 '"al ker ' e tv1;io II a;rc , 1:ov ov0:r.,. f ully appr eci i.tcd; !lnd that act io11 i 8 1?rob1.l.bly fort11.n,1te i n~ it t-f:foro o en tt1)pro priu.to o c caoion to c::1.:-pr osn th.- eRrn cs1 conv iction o f thri Pr o:3i dcnt i.J~... t t:ho disecr'dnct i on or. ovon 1n·mYJ1tl f;ei;ton of RV.ch crlri:ionn rmco:: i,hc pr,-cr.::nt ci:r-t.m.m$tu:nce~1 of the CtH1.fodo1~"'.cJr • whotho.1,• in th,, ffi:l;? o:r t1.1no nc, tho p,,ople 1 ean bo rro clnctivc only o f diBco1.U.\.i{;cmont , cdsti-~ct ion , tlntl e..isecnoion. Th e, ugitut ion .!n d <:on t ro v cr:e.y r, hich t'lUtit ~!prin3 from t h o r,ro,Mntution o f ;3uch view$ by offionre hie;h ln .1mblic ('Onfidc nce nre i..o b e deepJ.,y doproc.:.i.t ocl; nna . whi l o no doubt o r ini st:ruet i s f or a rnomont ,-mt ort A.i nea. of the ra~t:riotic inten ts of t h e eull,mt i:.:o tho:r o f tho tnemoriu.1 , hllci tlt:1.ch of h i s b:roth0x o ffic nrs as mey h u:vo favo r ed his opinion , i t i s re qu ested th'"-ctt you will commu.nici<it~ to t hem , .::t-S \vol l as ull other n �- 473 - prr.ennt on tho occur-ion , the op~lnionc ac hArein c,'l.11Tef:.noc, of.' 1 h0 ? resiQ .-n·', ;;md n1.· c:;() O'tl i h am 'he cuppresuion , riot only of th(1 mcnr.orial i tsolf I bt,.t likewiso of a ll d i sc:·u..ssion :.1na C'-onf ro vc:rs:v rosp£..ct i:ri3 or erowi.ne; ou., of :i.t' I ,·1r1ul -~ adc! ! )wi ~~ho 1n0asU1·0 :1 e(l ,rooti.to{i in the worr10 ::ri 11.l 1~r€ c:on~ido1·oa littla 11-ppropriHt.r, fo r considor it. ion in Pd l:i. 1 •~,·:1 c.h~clos 1 ..~n: ·lni'lcoa ::.n th• i r s copo puo;) l>eyon<l .,ho 1ou..nde o f Confoder B{ e ~: etion , a.nrl cottltl. 1m<lo-r our co:nstitut io·n t-11 11y1cd,em :al"it.her ho <'01·1m~nrleo b~ +he ---:x~<mti vn to c.ori.:;rnss • nOJ.' r; •, 1c•nt1..i:t. liained by tllu"t body . ·u.c1-- vie-ws O<'•tl only jco:p~n•o ,'J"1o nc th-; ~t~tcm alt, ·rioo1>l<> unity cl.l'.ld hii1·1r.ony ~ whnn,. for ~u.oce~sful co - opei:,r! ion and t.ile aohiev-om,,nt 1:>f i ntlr:p1.•ndt1!1Ctl . iJOl11 :.J.j'('I OOBfl"tt i·.J. . ".~i t:1 much :rospeot , v ~ry t.ruly yours , 11 J.~mos • 2Pdd.o.o ~ 1 ' , 11 0 0 e.e <:n:, f ~":.r;y of • f.:j._" • 1 0 0 11 C V Jn t .hc 6th , o f oc+.obc: , ln64. . i.he ..::19~l!10n-:iL _~rJ_y__1.i1-;·0t·.. be-e;u.n t_), vit;orou~ C:Ui)port of 'ti"lO 11ro;i?OSl~,ion. 1.a1.r· :rh-rs:t session of. tho ,.,oufodorato Gong rosH ,:.utthori zed t.h<.i a:cmin:; o~f tho ncs i..oes; und , jur.t bof oro tho a-:irr cn<1or , tJ10:t~r enl1ctx1nn bo,:.;cu1 "1.0 0ll't .• :.ch~.001111. :d m:..s t oo l.E..t 1; . u~n,n.~1-'...l iioo<l , in hit1 :t·ocnn't 1---ork , " \d'17~noo and Ret~reat, 11 tn mcnt ior.inc tho occ.tlL o .f (,le·o u.rn1.:1 :s.~ i hn but tlc o t !_~lGa.nkllu , thus r ecords hio r.!!~it11Xo juo gmc:nt on tho p~ropo f.lit ion vhich he faileo. to defend before tho (ouncil of .'tH' nt Dalton; 11 ~:a ( ! lcbu.r.r1E.' ) 1 o 8fu.rnnou '!,1H· ho l {i.norrn ~ri the wiS-C1om to ~!;lTIJcstl.y o.dvoct~te , ..it ~n oru:-~ p c r. 'lod o:" the- i·.i41.' , 1.l•a f:r-0odor·1 o :f , hu .aef;ro , and tho m:1:rollm,nt of -tbo y o'l).l'l6 .:11.lc1 ubl,3- b od iod of the ruc0 . ~rhiA stxoJra of policy a nd aot~ 'U,iom;1.l sou::i.· co of st-rongth to ou..1: urm:iee v.ov.ld , in "'!Iv. opiniO!l ' llUVt"' uiV~l'l UL' O\.U:' i:n<'i opendance . ,. 'i}1,=,•rr ia no ln() l"(! inte:n' stine chupet.cr thm, this ~n()nr; t.ho un r,ubl i ahed i:.01•i ions oJ.' tl1c Clonf'oclcrat£' rccords--H. V. E. c-uch hYO b~·iofl:1 tho p":·incdpel po int~ o f the movu~ent , e.s e-i von which r propo1rn 1 o corH3ic;Jox· nm., . s1Jbat~,.j11,i.ally T.hn or10 mi1.-:e by 'ino f,roposi t i oJj mvlJ o o;y Clelm.rno was 1:1ri, to ~-.inco1"'1 l n 18 62 ; iuN ,,hie.ill . as cornpo sins tr.<) r;:rr-i rl nlomont- of v-otcrc ;:,.nc. so l c1 LJrs , had no into:rcst \1cro th•:•i:r riv,...le in ,,_,o rk WJd soci a l po td t ion , ·flith the addi t iona.J. c1if f e:t.'oncoo of color and r aco. -:.,_y do•"O tho Irish Jll'Tlip;1·$ 1 t..mrrican as woll , ho.to the Ch ine so B.nti 'bL:.i.cJ-ts '? ana tho ; or 0i1r i l c.r r eason a. �- -174 - o .r c. l av ory , .m<l fou ... ht :ro ~- .' :Lu • dom~rtod! that ;on,·. , ·' he:- ol.5 Union V:P..~, i,hr.:tr~1 iii~ hov.t 1:,, fight ! -hen , thon !'o:ro , :intc1·ftir 0no,:; :.n tl1e c--ou~h , in tho 1.,to ccmvui:.m of 18134 . 1'hc r,omont you :tnt~·oducc iJe.tion nl b .yono'liH into tho Pou:tll to supl)res~ cv ,,,n 1h o :;os:potio cwtion of tho ..:·e riocrntic ?ti-!'ty , in t llEl lJOmo crl'lts. r omedy. In !':fY c•p:..nion . nnr;cv<>:c l or,:! aofC"rZ'ot1 , thi~ 1~ "l he I t m• ,, come ou.1 of a 'Et t iono.l §o1 i d ~:orth :1 fl th-n bcrnt o nocr£;.ti c ruJ. c ; blit , T "tl!ink u to b r" a'r up u W[J..JT O!'lly ~ti J .i.n ::ou.ti-,1 ·. n<1 rt"€t or~ nolf- __:ovi:--rnmrnt to the ..-mcrio:::n poopl o . :Jo.,., ~or tho f:i.r at timo .,, i t bee•ui to ;;c ti. i ,:cu.esod--~\.a Ul" thle o i' b :.?.ttlG ~ ...-~·l,c:t t; fY Pl"ocl!u-1..J.ti ~::, , :,ur:nod 1 .i.11 our f"'vo r - - ,.Jt ·:; ·l'u..11 in~ton . tho.1, , th<" r"'bellion boi:n.; put clown , tho Stntos smrviv ed . put i t . "If ono loya l m..n survivco. , h · Htis t ho strto. " s eatJmont of I,incoln , also ; as well as of John .r. b oon twice .itto rnoy - Gcne1·n1 o f th0 Uni to<i Stu.ton . ~hi s Wr.:'C .~s I the C., rit t cnclen , v.hc hRcl ( r.:oc h i s nnpnbli ~ho cl �- 475 - resolut ions in "1dfr , " ctn . , Vo l . II) . 'tho sm:;o sent i m011t 0 Wli$ oxpr.o::..sed in rny l otter . " r,ntt.(i r of C,:tsciuo ;:. Cley . ''In 1866, }1, u.r int,{ of tb.o viold.tion or t:i.w ~ol.-mrn ~o su.c1:oc1 ., rilodt;ef-! of tho ?e.rubli cnn pr..1-ty 1,y tha aboli t i.on o l Glavory 11 in K.on'tuoky without compm1Gtt-cio•1 , I ar oto tho :i:ollo,,in[.; 1 ' l 1ttC'r; 11 ( ·'.xtr.... ct .fror, l ot er of :.1.;.roh 8. 188 7. Vol . 3 p . ) H. T'oP..r fir; - r dco1·. it r:zy duty to dor.iounoo thf! cou:rso of ..;wnn!.'·r tnc1 rtr;'\·ons. Ii' ono mtLn :rm:u!i:ns .l.o;vul , ho is the ..itt4te . r 9t&x:c1 b~,r tb~ Prosiaont' r. veto of th.:.i :·rcectw0n ' s nurma.u bil1 . J1oi, tho ,, tet.)c t~iv1:; 1.h ~ fro('>t1mon c1Lt ..:lvil :cJ.~ntr> , ..nd by aogr ~oo eY.tr'nd to 1,her1 the 1·:1.~h1 oi' su:ff1•t~~e . 01:• olsr. l ot (m 1.un01H1n1ent o f the Conotitution u111J.·t.i O:J? rulo 0.1· ouff:r:&.~o tu:c ...11 i:he nt ntoc. '.l'hi o ~ttto~:pt o :f Congrorrn to into1:foi·n ,, t l;h tho right f\ of tho '3 t:•tot.. , 1 f1. c.! 'ho w.,.r - ,re: 10T ~e- .;os. , i ~, ..,n J.fiU.t'pJ.tioli 1 of r-o,·~or nnkno rtn to ·the Const itut i on , and mllWl":rsi vo of' tho whol•) theo l'y of /01,uol io •.rn.ie.m , of the Uni t~n ;-,tb.tc~. ;; t.f b~sod on ·..n'- vld Co:oi:::titutic.n Yo-.u' obo6.i011t survant , Gen . D. Ernntice , ~sq . ~ r.c ~1i s, illc , Ky . ,iinist o l' 1.J1t1.y w:rct,.. to • ~c-cot::ry 'Jc:V, •• ro. , o:a 1''ob1:u..:;.:ry 7 , 1866; . .. ... .. . :h il~ ➔- no one> \'OU1<'i b c.vc bo e:o more pl ea.sod than n,yaelf to Pc-:o tho QUos ti on o f neg;ro oYlc1 a ll other suffr ...:ge i"inf.lJ.ly settled , I em iorcod t.o boli ovo t,hat; the 'Presi dent is r'ollmYing _ l eBit i ma.to .nd nceeeeary policy ln i.i.l lO•• int... tho x-e t u.i:n of· th~ r ebol Btato~ into tho Union so s oon ~s thoy purgo 11 th('msolve a of t :rc uso:n . I h.:l'VC u lw~ys helfl , as you know , that rebellion could not acs1,roy 1J ~·tate oxecr,t by sue;cossful r ovo1111. il):n I and nme1 f o r co beln,., t.:Jnp:p r omrna , 1,ho o:,:i 5inal st ~tu~ ,9.uo rP-vives. J c l ui11> to h ,.. vo conGoi ved ~ 1Jlo o.., !;re~t1e:i t,hio i doi.1. ·oy the tU otui-a tbut ''I f onr l oy~l citi ~~ on rcmmJnC"J , ho 1 ::; U1c ::tr.to . " Tb.r• union onco restorfld , w1" mt.1:'l 1'-\0.foly l c;1vo anbo:;:-di n.::.io :!sr-:iuo □ to ti ,11e i,:nd the ';00 d SOl'lSG O l' thn •.ID(3:t·ic$.Zl poopl o . Trt.letinr:; th-1 ?'r eB l <lo?d, m;::y ,.:t.1CCrHH1 iil ~no J_)acifj_e; .!.ntl loeul I ol:l. ey whi.--·.n iw i1ti2 . ihu.z f[lr . :.;o ~ucco~sf'ully i :nitii:.tod , I ohoul c1 yot rlemn 1t ~ Hi s1 :,.1r,:: i f d Omr.:1 o•r..incnt oxtimpl o ,;rJ,r:., not mr.:i.oe of thoi;o who ilttv11 nttem,ptotl , in 'JU.r sysi;m.a, Jtato .r:iGhtci , !.'~cession, a .ad ~lo.zicnrn 1,ronu:nci i.mento s." ,-et) · •iplom1_1tic ...:o rres,>011doncr , .1.G61.> , ·~rt 1 , _). 401 . B . /:- Th{"'f;O sentimu~"t,i; tn(°l i)Ol i oy wcrt• , ·t,c ·!.he lc,t to.1.· . .'l:;sr.rto<l Co nviln t io1.1 01 tho ·\c1nblie;cm::- of .tcntuclcy in :,·r ~1lkfo:::-t . f.oo retsolution~ rr.tbli f·h o(i in thL• CM,.!!On-,-e,;lti1 , H:U; .--.: . , 16 ,5 . Ln ~ ,. 3 - I ! ! G 0:t Tho Union IJict.'.lbo ro of ~ho Kentucky Logi s l t1tu.re (FrWJkfort Ooffilno::o\!--:tullth) 't .lt ~\ meot ing o f tho Union mnmb era o f tho Kon-tucky LoF,i a L .1 t11re-'"0.a """,,., ravn'M1 mombAr bninP: urosont --on •He,1nrnde.y ov~nin,e , J nnua.ry �- 4"'/6 - 17 , 1 866 , in tho Rcn a.t11 Chm-ob r r --.Judgn N. ?. _ 3 luck . o f thC! "en a to , -<.ll,)11 ~rJ the l~h :J.i.:i: , ·.rir1 '" 1_• • hOdt;;~rn t1J_>i)O:ir;t,;d ;i~H'n' 1 }tt1r.1~ \':h 0J? t h l' f o~l0i: i11g :"GGO l.ut ionn .f;Ol' O pret.wntud .u:d i.:-t1opt.1~l ,:ith \fff' ent 1 .l.'13 l.U1c,-l!'.l~:d1,:i,, 'V1.l : ( o~ the 12 r oso l1.1Lt im1e, 1 0 aro o!!li ttod) r-: . -:,. ~01,•,,,i , 1 1.,ttu~ \i.'.i1i_l ,, ··, o iWmJ it r .:.~fnt. <J.llt1 cezM tiil t o t he N~ti on al u.."1 1ty to mrnta:i.n tho uovo:r"Ilmon t CJ.~ the, Unit. <.d r 1,h1,fln ill +.1'i:.1 -:-~crciec r).:. i;t..Ll. i ta juc;t ::,ov1-r;.;; , no J,.:el1 i t 11~> l,:,e:;; ern.1 1mtii;J,l to thr. 1:5.berti cH o 1· tho ·peo 9l o to 1n·o:1orv o tho well conceivod b l ~;Q Ct'jfi {) f r,O''it:i.' ·~ d.ei i nea in ~J1~ 0 l.'g d.nic l a.,; 0 f' t~t1 L.;,.,0c1 , <.u'ld to prot<.Hlt C"5a'i n a1. e vo1·y onoro o.ehmont upo!l t ho r osorvoi1 1·i&hts oi' the :itetoa , w..ona the1 mo1:;t t i,oor·t ar.rl, o r ~.hi d1 i n t1,.r J i :) rt o :f c a.<:h :-1~nt\') t o d.otonn:i.n r, tho qu.:~l ifioe:t i ons o f votoi::.. 6-. ::osol vod , 'ir.~t tho ~ontrE,~... o i tlh-, Dni tod f t ~to::i 11.~is no power, tu:id 1.1r the s"conc:1 se ct1o:n of t!'lc 1lhirt1Jonth . J.T,on dmc?.'lt t o the' ~•onstitu:t.iot: of the UnUr.H., ~tt~tc" , to 1msu ;;JJry l u.ti ~.1: ,1m,i~-; the r i e;:ht o i' suff-r&.gR i 1:1 tho .Ste:'., .1r,, t o _porao11s o r Af t' i!')un (l13~oont , t:.nc! th~it r.c •..re npro t •~a to 31·~..nt l nc t,;U.f'fr,.IG-G to v0x 00.1.a; o C tiltlt o:!.-!"-S:S lly the st.::.tc . + +- -+ ~ -f -t ""{ . l -f ~hr Ao t :l nws as many .{011tttckh ms so.,:·veci i .n tho l.Jn i cn .:rn_iy ~is i'I1 the Cor1federtito e:1:r1:; r. " " Th,.. ;Jnicn Ga:u.s"' i:n1 Ye:ntucJcy • ' 1by '.:lrnnw.s :.p~oa , ~ . :::en , rutn r;n' 8 i,onti , 19C17. "xiin o WC'okf'! ef1;.,r :1w rnouct1Ml of. Yort ru:rnt or . ·,r,ni~n,oky gave ..:. n-:ion i1.~jority o.f f 5 , ~S'"IO.---ola0t.ins o:ine G'nion to o:uc t ococr:im:1 01.--.n d.i clatc tc th~ 3 7th Ccmgresn, --- .,t the r ~gultu• c-tntc., c l e('lticn , 1861 , ..i 1Tnion ::ct~i.c1a~u.ro Vn!.ti- cho scQ in t:'1e pro1io:rt:lon Of nearly thJ:'cf) to or1 e . ,r .:r ecl cy ' s Jncrict.n 1.:cn:fl i ct t v,:,1. 1 , J/ • ~ 9G . JZl 1B5.., , th,11·,ogialai;ur o 01~r10:roil 4;h1:ico ,.,ar<:1s inaorilw d u1,on t:1c- blo ck o f T~ontuc..1cy mnrblo 1o bo plt:.1,c1e.:d i:a the ·· o.sluns:tou :t~nn:.rneni ~t tho n .e,,t ionJ1l. Cl1-p t -t til ; J . .A -{ -+- -1~ -( . / -(-/ 11 t 1n clcr the >itl.sp:tc:o H of EN:.von ~ne l 110 p.r€lce1: ts oi '.'nchine.ton, Y.:outu:.ckr wi l. L b e tho l bat to e.i vo up 'G10 Un i on. '' 'it thG b oginni.ne, oi~ th~ wnr , 1\~ntunky , 1.11ero tit'1 ~r<'siclonts of bo1,h (;oVt;:r:t'.\in(1.nt;e: v:o:i:"e1 bo1'11t :t•ef'nSe<l i .. o cI:,.11 ,_ convL:utl1)l'l 1A) detorrnin0 whothe:r. the f t ;ti.io ahoul c1 8co0d0 , l,a.t a.oclr.t.ro!l for "1-r.c 1 l e..to r.i ....1 nE'u t:r;,.J i ty" $ ntriv i!1z J'o.r ~ brif I r,0rio Lt to l'(.t store pORC'O . ton fr,dor ato t-roor,a onte1·~,a t1 o rte.to •Jn :'e_ptcmb01· ;3 ; 18 61 1 ,.whe:reuro:n :.•cde rtil troovs1 took JiO Eli t :io.ll -...t ::....d-o..cah t'ilO d ~qs l llt c r.. ,.. .h~. Lo.:;5. ~1 titu.:r~ o:rdc~·,:;5 th.;.t 1.rll ·-nl"t,otl "t.utc..; flu__; be u:r.1..:'u.:!.•lod on i:he dome o f the t:t.:1.te ca_p.itol, to pro clc!.im Xcn tu.a k.y 1 a Un ion ~tt1·t:i1-,e. ~he Confodc:r~.t~e ·p~;)ponJcl ~:o ·1r•:U.:iHl:r1J.w if ·~he :,e,.,orals .,ou l ei . cDd 1··er:10.in .t'ro:ri tr.~ Pt uto . '!11.i.1, Lu,;isl ...1.:..urG ,1t1ffiti.ncloil tJ1at tho co n fedor.a.to.s "'\itlid,:-,1,;1, u..nconu i tlon~l)..,r. c0vc:i..··rn.n· .:~1J1i'in , c. Oon1·edcr ato synpa1,}1i~e,T. votoc1 tho r .S,)2.n:t1on , i'1hich mm r,ror11ptly piiosad. o ver .:1i ~1 vot.o . h,., oonfot'iorut(, i'o:..•cH)1; ..refu.sod t o comp ly r:itn t1Ji e or der , ani.1 ·t.norou:ron . ,nl f.opt.om1H)l' 18t h , 1~ 61 , ,, t ha ~tat a .. by her C"fon c!' 1.l .isnof'1bly , ~ib vi'l(LOn,:id Lho 110 ~31 Lion of 11 "!1Cd'.le.torinl n i::iutre.l:ity" , r1:i1 i oiL was doffrrnd to bo a '1<~cision ·to1~ t.n c Uni.on, ~:rf,ld a.ocl~r ell 'h!1rw,lf .:..1:11 11.ct i. v-o uttpy1or to.i.· o .t 1✓hc t'e i:1~rt...l Go-vonunont . ri:ho :Jovo1'1lo1' t:,.~': 0 5.l'F.~etet'1 ·1,0 c &ll out fo rt¥ ,.;.iwune:n(3 Rcntucki l.DS to b·, ,tl ,~co, 1.;.nt1.-,·;" .,\.i1t1 com•i:.-..nu.ints { .i-'!;l•:lort:il) i_.:: n,".lr~,.:i of tho 1•.::mrs o f tl10 Cr:.TIJbC".r.1 r,..n a . " Pf)n t.1:i.'11e t h t) fi,,~•1 w~rnJta of cteCl$1·ed n eutra lity, '7ontu.c1cy troopo enliotod .:or -~he union e.t r.il!!lp Cl ay r;i.l'ld Cru.np Joo Holt an d f or the Confederacy near Cl arksville, Tonn •• --i-- -f -r -1- ~na elsowhore . -r _,_ .J.... +- -'- -1 -1- --1 -L -1 1 ':'ho pro clnmation of ' '1ept mnbo r 22 , 18 62, aeolu.:re d the 'Pr osi dt1nt ' a int,,ntion t o p r osecu:is the wer , to r e st ore the Union , an d t o rocomrnorH1 1;o the en suing ("o:ng:t~~H3S Ro.me l)ruotieal mcasu.ro o f a a{r i s t o.nco to nmancipi:.:ti on in thoso stat es which woUJ.<1 accept it. .;.ft01~ hm,uiry 1 , 186$ , all po:csou::; h e l d ~.s sla i.tGs within �- 4?'/ - any st .r.to, or :p rto '!.ho:c-oof , ;;;h" rain t ,o l)eO-r,lf.l w0ro in :rnhol lion 1 s.boulcl b l'.! t ?:l('!nccfor:1ard :iw: f orov,n.· f1•c:;.1 . .tho fi n:s:l 'l)l"oclarnat ion ( J ,u-:ziwry l , 1863 , ) ,1esi i:.:n qted t'iw , tc.ti.;n , or n.::..rt.-. ·tl-i° xcof. · ,noro1 in i r,houl d be~omo Of(':r.. ti vo ~ ) n Ju.no 9 , 186~~ , t- lw, Wh r1 ;;:"'eod :fo rbiddin ; c l .....v,1r~t in 1;1,0 r_i,n•':..· ito ·ir·S . ~· ~·d..l1·ua'.!'J J, 1.J:?6!J t -r t i cle XlI I, SJ'.!lcndins.: th<' fcdo .L•~,l C'0nst i t1rt:!on !lIH\ p'?." J.tb i1;int; s l u.v cry , v,1:.-s m..t bmitt n~ •~o ';:1 (' ~ti~"\ ~ tnJ r"i:1cli.:rtJJ :r.:~. :if1,, ·, on 1:·\1 ccmbcr 18 , 1855 , by tirmnt.,r - eovc n :;tct13s. lent,tcl~J ·i:-r jc- c t,,... d it . iiJ:·Liclc x.r" "'.'8.C p1.·c1ro~o-i~ 'y \. O:n,rol:'! r1 t o 1.nc r.0,,..:p·_,1 't,.1 11,. or, June 16, 1866 . I t 1>rov:ic o() 1hd: 1 .ll I,orsona born or '1'1 &~1.1.r •ili ~;od in t:h~ ·J:?.1:itoci c-t .:.t ~.: , JJnfl ubj--r;t 1;i:> 1.,h<' jurir·~ ictio!: •11-.ro.-:f , arc citi:&AllS o f tho Unitca StRtr> r.: RTio oi th~ ~t .~io wh~•roil'l l 11oy r G1:1ieo. 1 Jt Wf..'1 d o cl <1 r19f :r,i.t lfinn b; -t1d.!'"1,y tt,f-rp ,), ;-uJy :1 1, 1fJ6r . ·~orrt uoky ro jo ctc(5. :tt. . .'),1 iclo xv , ~r .u.n1.1nc; ntff:r.-. ;~ 1 ·nas ctool..J.re d :r ... t i ficd by twi;;nt:: -nina t ,i'1 ri:.. r:'n '·.r(lh :-~o . 187 :' . lfontuclt;r 2•ojooi·od i t , u1ri "'o,,..no"st l~y tho rof!olu.ttoti of 1Bo6 , quoted . 'Iho '.1tnJ~o was true t.o thr Uniol1. Ht ny ownorfi r, i' Al nv os b3.d r-r:iiin tdpat,H1 thnm. ::~,-~· 1 t y fl l r:."m &ppre,vo,: of' t'"' ~:, .c-rc•i~ r o. iho m,;1'-- povrnr in frcolns- thn slt¼ves ~n t:oeodorl ~t r;.t oa , nut t hc;v i"olt th oros ol~r- -t:roH-'tcrl <n t.:i:::loyt·,1 . •:.r,r,n f()pr .. vo d cf ~h(-:1.r- })rop· rt:!l rit·hts w11 lloi.ut com:ponna'{; ion ~ ·,:11,ny p~o-plc- w .,r n 'f:;. n u.nr;iHlly !"ltinnd . •·:·1. nncci:J t 4,iHrtior.' 1.lJ..... :r a .&' 1'I n~-t 't'·~1 :t p l1 1 r_in.•:1,v,•"i lol"~~1 c1 t.13e:na of tho vnluo o :l' ~l a.v0 :pr<>p <;rty.,.. ~ 1.n d0•>:in:.i.nt in tl:o h.t 'nit l · c~·:t flhtt i y 1 ol,~c~ ion~ .r1.•on 1~63 +.c ' 69 l ,!.r.i: thfJ ~ 1>0YO ll.Dl.CndmPntn .rcre rejected. ~h·.t r>l m,--ni thc:ro• :..i.()::-· t!.~.!'5.li1..t1:h r,:i. t1. 1.h'-i ",o~ocru.tie JL...rt~ ., tn"n con i,rolJ ~:•cl 0;1 ~·-on:r~a":i:r.:.to a1n1!)fit.'1izors, and th ... t ,P.'l.r-1:y w:rn .. ncrnnd .::-nt i11 Xnntuoky ~or Y <..!r fJ . Ti. hr;..~ hl''on broudl~y ~1 t.i 1TI0 rl 1ih,,t Jrcmtu.cJ.r:r ' n 1ni~-lty tr.: t ho r.,; nion ,; ~ n .. t )r ec tcr .;:~.:i.t·i fi co i't·(,rn ovory vie~·: 1~') int , th,•1n th.1t of' P.l1:V o thor · t •.tc ~ l-i 0 1 Tb1: 1·a suJ:t o i' t h ,; :11..unnoJC' 1, 0 licy intcmsi r i~d thn :foel1.:ns o .f' h. •trod IJniOl'l -:. t tlt<.) roace , -th~re ur.e ll\)\.. . a·~ r . OT (~~ olc'. _ ... _ ...l•O ~ "' , whilst thG 0 "i'J the i'iot.iona l Tntelli.51:mcor . t.11 o:i;::po~ed rno . r ---- r.:!'.--rt.oen ~~t.u1. r r·oli d co my no!'linat ion w·.1.s - - • socuro rl by t he votoe of Oc.rr0tt :tavio , ,"uldrow Johnr.on, and o thor ~outhorn UDi on Sen t.t ors . ilon1, J .:-UT1c n f r om 'i ssouri, ui deo mo much . 1 n'hbv o f' tho Sonata against r.ii:3 . ~r . r:. "{ollins. Sov.qro Wld th0n momhcr of Consross Thu.rlo~ : oed cntorea t he bu.1 I h ~;- 1.he pl e,1su.r e of uAfe~tinc �( - 478 - their onmi ty; the border Stat,oe su!)11l y ll1f~ any votes loot to n10 from t ho North . r h ud no roaao n to liYn St anton; cn,1 the fooling botvmon us fin- a lly emno t.o words . :rhere wn1e a :1outhornor taken in Nev• York by St?J.nton ' s cocr et police • and 1broueht t o T o.shington ti priso.ne1·. . tJ.'nY o f my frion ds , wi thout rBr;nra to p drty , i nterceded f or th(-) mt~n , .nd ~hoy thoue]1t , as thorc seerio11 io be i.slr0d rrry i n f luonco in h i s behialf. no pJ~oo:f of ,1i a h a vinB' comrriittou any l egal o ffense . that h e shoul d be set i1t l1bPr ty. befo~ee h i M. r wont r e luc1f;antl y to St imton , un d l a i d the oaao He , in an insol 01:it ton o , said . "It i s a pr etty r:.;tat, of affairs , when men of your poa:L t ion , rdth tho cormni SAion o I a l oroi gn :AHlis t nr in your po cko t, should bo found intoroe<lin~ for tho l i bor.ition of tra i to rs . " I a a.id: "I will l ot y ou YJ'lOW th~t 1 um your oqna.1 a.nd oaro no moro for your opiniono ·than thoeo o f any other citizen. millions o f men in :rebellion . Thero a re ten JJo you expect to exoouto them all ? Or , :ruthor , i s not tho war to b o put oown by jn.diciou::J cl omcnc;y , us woll as :forcc(:'n An d , so sayi ng l too}: up rw h at , mid re1 ired . I n n few, 11ays , h a vittf_; ocicasion t o call hi s at tention to tho case of '!."'dv:urd rJ.cli'lu .rdy , ._,,.ho caused mA t o loso so much monoy • in Now York , in 1869- ' 7 r:J , I r c - e.seo rtc d rn~· i doa of public policy , but 0X).)resa-0a r egr et u1 rn1y per s onal o i fforoince bot-r,cen us ; a s I believed h e was , nt l east , patriotic , tmd I ttppr oc:ii-1toa the ili fficult i es of h i A po s i t ion . He r0sron dod in t he subjoined l $tter : -·ar nopt.i.rtm,mt , ~ ash_in3"ton Ci ty , 1;-ebru.a ry 25 , 1863. Gen er a l :-- I do not thinw. t hcro i s any materi al di ffo r onco bot"V1ocn us in rcspaot 1,o t l1e a.uty o f the Govcrnmont , on the subj oct r e f orro e,l i.o in your no te just l"oooivod . Tho only point o f d i ffo:ronco , p(lt'hn:ps , i s 1:1.s to the point o f• t i r"lo and t he manner o f applicat ion. •or your eon f i denoo Md eu r,port I ltt1 thu.." 'lkfu.l , nnd the oent imcnt is fully rcoi:pro cat11d. Of my f a ilinea .,mcl i short- comingo , 1 t~ conociou.s , and. deerJl y r ogr ot them whon t hoy Live offen sa to fri on <lo whoso roc;urd T ostoem. · 'l'he Ouso o f ','.c ,,1u rdy , ref·cr:roc1 to , I do no t r ememb ('l r ; i:.:nd will bo happy to h u.vo any inf onn.:::.ti on concerninc i t you nu-iy bo p l oaeocl to 001nm;u.ni outo , un d wi ll b o h appy t o corroct any inj u stico that may h ove b een done . It will _.ivo mo IJl eaRur o t o aoc you u.t cmy time , an d trust you �- 4 7 9 ... will ,;ivc mo an or,port11nity of do inc so b ,..,foro you l oavo ~ ho country . i th gre1it rospoot. l r..m 1 yours trul y, -aworrl :i. St: .nton . l'h is \'ms mm1ly . I s n.w no more o f St unton . 1 01,hor citizens, ··11ose go od f l.ith 1 could con11t upon , :from :Ken t ucky , wore libor ~t ecl frorn prison by me . throueh d irect t:.ppoal t.o t incoln. Ho stottor , John GoorE,·c und Chis . Cougo . .,.monrr 'thoso i.-,oro Jacob :"o r such was tho humr,nity of the :Pre s i dent . thut h o was ever p l e ,sod whon h o coul d f ind u. c,:1.so of j u sti f i abl e clemency. 0 "hen I spoke a t Cl o voltrn d . ·:hio , in tho c!U'.lvafm o .f 1884. j n 0 fe.vor o f' :Bl a ine und Loean , Jo hn llay , :',u·. Lincoln' e f o rmer private s~crC'tary , \'7hO :hcic1 mv..rr i oa thoro , p.t asidorl ov1Jr tho v as t Ropubl i ovn moetil'lG• No.<t duy , with somo f riondo , we wero nu.tu.rally tD.l k ing ove.r ,lr . Lincoln' s :porsona l ch~r .... ctor . - h 0n M:r . Hl"'y told tho fo llowine ohar-a.oto1•1 s➔, i c l.lllac noto : "One day a school- fo l low o.P. mino So into u. bail s cr ttpe , und was co n demne<1 to <1e8th . I <-~1Yp0u l cd to Y.r . Lincoln for u. pt1.rdon . and told hi:'1 o f rr;s cn1.l•ly o.esoci..it.ions •,11th the unfortunat e man . :a-. l'iineo1n , i'ii thoui a ,.,or<:1 , s at clown to h i s . desk , t.,nd bo0 an writing , ... nc1 then ouid : ' You say , . .r. R~y . thu.t your f ri onct v,as a c;ood fellow•? ' ' No . ' s ..... i d I , ' z.: r. Linco l n , I mu st sr.cy , in z.-u l truth , th t.1t ho was gni to tho ooDtr ary .' ' \,e l l,' suid T,incol:n , ' thnn ho i o t:oo b ad 1 o d ie!' Wld so h o w0nt on d!lc1 wrot e t ho p::.rdon . " C., 1885 . 1 Mrs . 'Sinooln , who was the da-~htor of rrr,J old i.n d tr:1.oc1 fri end , ·1ober1; Todd , of Lexington , Y..ontuclcy . t old mo tha.t t hoy h an no confi donco whe.tevor in Yu. f1ewerd ' a fr i endahip , an d that I neo c1 no t fe ar h i s influ nnce llgainst mo ; that i\'ir . t :1.nooln o:nly t olerated him f or politioal r easons . I vis ited t inooln o .f'ton , at tho ··nito Rouao . and the ~oldier ' a Home; und l oft him in r.n1oh b ott er SJ)i r its than when I f ir at a rrived in nshi:ne;ton . 0 0 In r.. l otter from Pre s i dent Lincoln to h i s v;i fo , c1ator .'.iugu:--1t 8th , 1863 , the f ollot1ing o ccu:rs :. . . . . . .. . 11 Th0 0 l octi on i111 Kentucky line t,-on o very strongly ri@lt . Ol d .1r . '''ick lif:fo 0 ot ug ly, as y ou know: l"ti.n l'o r 0ovornor, and 1 s terribly bcu ten . Upon .:r . C1•i ttondon ' s de ath , Brutn.s Cloy 1 Cassius's brother , w~s put on tho track J:'01' Congr ess , und is l a r e;oly e l ected . ,Jr . Mo•nzi os , who , a s wo thought . boha~1od v ocy b~1d l y l a st sessio11 o:t Co1ngr el~a . i o 1 :...reoly boaton i n tho di 8triot OJ)!JOs i to Uinoinna.ti . by Gr e en Clay Smith . Cassius Cl ay's n eJ>h°Jf~' • •·· ',h i l at at Ch ~so ' e home , was there . also , a few d~s . EJLS h i o ...,uost . Cnn o:irnJ. J vmcs -• Garfi ol d 1 I fo und hin u vory vgreoabl e compsllion • uid f ormed ~ ~uvorabl 0 opinion of h i s abili t i es . It :need f a j_rly be s o.id tha t I b olioveo Ci•asc- t o bo , on tho ,•~ho l o 1 �- 480 - tho ablest c.n d mo ot pntrio tio o:f~ T,incoln ' c cs.bi n0t ; nn a to hir11 . n oxt to the .Pr osi dont . the oountry i s iIHiebtod fo1· tho sal va1. i on of tho ,.. epublic . But h i s t ul nnts were not mor~ i mpo rtant t h :m h i s unquesti oned intoe1·ity , whi ch on 8 bled him to ho l c1 tho 0n t iro confi dence o f 1.hc Un i ted 5toto , ana of the world, in all h i s fi n e.nc~L~l moast1ros . Be fora l l oft Now York, n gont l oman , who hu.ii mu ch cul t i vat~d Yf'iY ~ a qtu.d11t nnoo on .;,. oonvi vial occ~:1.sion , v ontu.ro cl to do mo the poor com- plimont of snying : 11 Clay , you ru:id Chum"! ,Jro lifn- linE, fri on ds i und wo a11 k now your int i mate r ol o.ti on13 ,~1th hir.. Now , you can clo mo 11 eror:i.t favor_ whi ch woul d not hurt th~:\ public i ntor cnt , i f you c:-ould conimuni cat o t o mo when tho Scorot~ry ,,..,:ill make some n e\"l move in thG rnonn3 - ma1·kot . 11 1 ropli od : "You n.ro :rieht i n the cstinwte of my :C'2·ien d8h1p for tho · ocret:...:ry o f the '.:'1·oasuicy; but I c an no t agr oo with you in y our i de a thttt divu:tainD h i s f immciit1l so crets.would not b o injurioun to tho public i nt or(:sts ; t.ll)d I e.sRuro you t hat &W su,ggeat:1on in that .a irl"'ot ion woul<J b e an inflult to Ch e.se , wh:ich woul<'i mako us onornir r1 i or life . n / Th~ following l otto:rs , f'rom :it.ilmon 1.,. Chnse , l low10d t.o rs. friond somo yeer e ac;o ; ttnd only now OI,ovonbcr 1B85 • ) h n.vo b een abl e to rr>covor t h <HD. onl y to The in1 rinsic va l u 0 end :po.triot:to spirit of tho man who was second i noo ln in t h e SP.lvat i o:n o f ·the Union . rnorc 1hn:o i ts nomrli mcntar y UI>preci ~1t ion of myself , i n duces mo no v, to inso:rt 1-ho!!i, out of thP.i1• proper s oqu ~nce in t imo : .,,, :":3 rear Clay : -- "?ou were not more surpri0od than I was ",,hnt you. r oco i vod no vo tee a t Chi caeo from tho Ohio dcl ocrati on . lt vme not , howev<'r , the only roapo.c t in whi ch that del "gnt i on ~i sarpointod I'TY o:Kpectations , as well as thooo o f a l nr go majority of tho ~opubliouns o f ()hio . Rnvin3 r ocoiv cd , eysolf , an u.nu su o.lly unanir!lou s und e~1phutio pr efcrcmco f rom tho Ropublican :~ta-'.;o Convon t ion. whon call ed to aproint dol ogs.t ea to 1:ho lifntions.1 Convent i on , I doa i :rod , of course , tho 011rnost support o f the Jhio d el egat ion . rt would h avo b.:,en g rat,if'yine to me , h ti.d that support boen .5i ven , t.U1 u h ad i t , at a ny t i -r,o , b ocomc ovi dc-m t th~t a me.Jor i ty o f tho Convon1;ion could not b e brought to har1'.1o ni7.o .. ;i.n judi,-mont and 8-Ct ion . (/ith our deloeation, l nhould have b oon pl ea.sod if you couJ.cl h ave r 0ce-•ived the su ffrages previou s ly g iven to mo . f.i"or, while l uuppo sod that 'f.:r . ::ioward ...!Ild :.:.r. Linco ln , as woll sn yourself, h&.o i'ri oncle in th{'! dol egation • wbo 'l"1ould r,rof0r on<¾ or the othc1~ . acco r din~ to ino.ivi a ua.l j u<\;;men1, , in c . . so of the ,.,ithdra.waJ. o f 1ey n runo , it clicl seom to mo th..l.t you 11.nitod ol ernenta of ch1;1ructor , ab ili ty , an d popt1~arity \"Jhich would make you nn n.vail t..bl ~ e ~:mdi date ; whilst your eurl y , c•on t inuod , und devoted 0c>rvioo to the onuor> cave you c·l a i trt~ ove r +t..,,, ....~ 0 ~ 0 ,...ont'>n rd' vn1rr nl cl co- l aborers . n'h i c-..h no truc.,- hoc.:rted man cou l d �( -· 481 - fai l to ap:preohito . mt our delce;1.1tion • b 0c nuoo o i.' somo incu.rt:.bl e in1,, l o r anco of a very fow , but ch1ofly in consequonco of"-· b r inc;inc f orm.L.rd 1~:c . ttdn 's n a1lle 1n conflic1 wi th nine , in a is:reg ,.o· a of the acti on of our convention • was d ivirl od r,nd powerles:.; from thCJ s t ~rt , ,.md nothing vms don o as i t should h avo b('On done . It i~ £J wondor to mo tho.1, e:ny tlolegates i"rom othor <,t nt cn s~ve mo support aftor om· ov.rn c1ol ogri.tion ox:hibited i ts i:ocompotcncy to lend as i t _,hotila h a.,,e led in rr-~ behal f ; ...nd J "m o.-.;c e oding l y er~toful to tho nob l o M d 0 0nerous t!lon from Kentucky , , ·ho m"1do ~od in p~rt tho i r defaul t . ,n il o I should ha ve 1•ejo:lLced in your no~inat ion to tho first oifioe , howev er , ! confess I ct:iro<l lit tlo to eee you n umot 1or t:he second thi t:l time . The Vioc--Preoidoney i e fJ. po st of li 1.tle ini'luonoo ,.t or reopousibi lity , rmd not tho r oei for you , i f n better could be h .... d; bu1. s. b ottor oan b e had , i f we succeed , f or T doubt no't you wi ll be called to t ake part in the admtni stration . u.., u. me-mbo:i: o f +,he c ~binot . ,.s f or myself , I oholl make i t rey btts iness h croc fto:r ~ o 1·oprom:J aspi r ation . It t';ouJ.d h.u,.ro boo:n (:ntiroly S F.t.1, i sfaot o:ry to mo to sne r -ry political life closed ?, ith 1,y gubornc.to:rio.l term. I m1.H\O no cMvaos for oloot i on to the !;on a.te , bu.1., l efi thut mattor , a.a well iw ov c:ry o · hor concornin& rcyol"l f , to th<~ tmpromptod action of the ~opublictms . As thoy h uvo thoug ht fit t o p l.t:1co mo in tho t,0nato , I ahull , i :r ,-r.y life i r-, c:>ontinu.od , tat·(➔ rny oe:lt thnrc ~o f ulfill rrzy duty . I do--~iro no o ther fate , ancl shall (l('l ek no o ther , 1wloss c ircumstances fully <.'hv n i:;o . As to your own future , i t ca n not be brighter than I i·,ish it . rt h r~s nevor b oen rr-cr de :J ir,, thtL1, your n u1:1c shoul d not bo brought f o:rwnxd. for nomination . b e oauea ~r own chanced to be ; nor did 1 :.mp pose , u.nti l I r ooc-i ved yonr l etter . that ycm fol t any obligt,t ion to ~iva preforcnca oithr,r to rr . ~·award or uiys(,lf •1 I know no thins which ooulo croi 'l e m1oh obli:::;at ion . It i hardly likoJLy thut rir., n ame ,,iill a ve "".' b e ment ioned again in connootion with the 1-~~~esidency . If it cll.ould bo so mc,n "tionod , a nd yours should b o n.lso p:ropo r,ed , t..nd thn prefcr onoe awarded 1,0 i t , ba a.s1mred , w.y :fri end , I shall rojoico in the honor uwh rdcd ne 11:' it woro e;i ven to a brother . Ou'I' prosont auty i o with 1:ho present. ':'ho Convon tion , i i i 1, h a s diem.JJ].10inte<1 s ome hopes , hus e;:L von us an oxcellont c <m di de.to ~~nd ~Jl e x collon t p l t>.t i'orm. T,ot us a.o our uttormoot to sunt nin both . Ohio will . I t}11nk , do her duty , es u suii.l i: uncJ I hop ~ the.1, Ko:ntuoJcy •;7111 !;ivc ue , i i' no t hor e l oc t.ori,,l suf.frngo , yot "iuch a. r>e,rm.lar voto th~t i t -~:111 b o ol0ar to e ll men that tho t1p cll of t.ho -;1a v0- ~o\tlo.1.· i c, b:rokon f ore ver . •rito mo ofton ~ 11':..ithfully , your fr i c•nd, Colt:unbU3 , Jantl"-..,Y,Y 26 , 1861 . r0a1· Ol ay : -- .e or tho so.k<) of our orgruJi zation , for tho oeko o f our oc..usa, fo r tho s uko of yott:r owi:1 :t'ut uro ,. for t.hc sako of our country , g ivo no sanction to tho schomo t'o r thci ad.rni nGion o f 1'l017 ::.exico as a s lavo :,tato , 88 th<:, nmcndri.c.nt to the Conoti tut i on makes ita futu:ro .i..--:ondmont , in r ~spoct to s l avco , p.eponclent on tho unnnimouo oon ocnt of a ll the i:tutoa. ,e ,;99nt no compromi seH now, aJ1d no 00Dp:romi ae1·s . ':.:ho Gonati tut ion i s outraged , the Unie>n defied and b:rokon , the l a,, e t1on1 iaor1 wlc.l a i e r c 0 urded. Lot these rrrcinga bo rcmodiea b e fore ono tittle of ~d juntmeni; . !,ot u ~ wm. +, , at l<it!St . until ·rr . Tiincoln i o ina g 0 urat,'<:i 1_ na. surroun,:cd by a "9epublicrul adnd.nir~t r a.tion , b ofor~ wo 01 tempt to b:ring forward mai,rnurea wh i ch wi ll commit a nd rUvi do tho Rorubli cun party. I 1 · rote you t.i,t 111ite Hall , in reply to your l o.st lotter.. hut I ouid of you to '~:r.. fiincoln , a s stated in that l ottor , WH.S b ased on ~ty boli c:f that yon, l ust of a ll ID(ln , woul d racommcn a tho ~u .r ronder , by compl,"omii:.:os , oi' tho vi ctory wo h o.cl won o ven b f'- foro the o re;nn i zation of the a dt'7!inistration whi c>1! i t c n.l l ed to powor. F,.ii1ih fully , your fr-iond , -:, , : . Chase. �( - 482 h ilst I \;ao \lillint to b 10 cpokcn o f uo a. por;eibl " c~di duto 1or the P:i:-esi don cy 11 I r:ou~t no i tho:L· tho f irnt nor oo oond 0 .1.'fioe . f innl triunph o :1' rey pr incip l es 1r,u.s o mo "tho of more 7JOrth thun ").ovat i on 1.o o.:i i ce ; und I thou,.,ht Li Dcoln ancl Ch...se , tmti , at 01'.lo t i me . ~m. z·d , coul d rully .:l l ...rgo oreuni z e d part y o f p oroon u l t..nd .QOlit icru. followo r s , whi oh war not probable , d th r~• n t:.me nt tho h e,e.d . · or I h ad b ot,"Ull n.l reucty to foo l ,1h..•t Lincol n s a i d in 1862 , thnt rofo:rmorn incur r od on M11 i os whi ch \7o r o to o s trong fo r lifc - tir.'lo ol ovntion . huw.m eff a iro than f r i endshi p s 1.na onMi tioe , .r.i.n A nro rnoro r ot~nt in i a o! gr P-ti t·ua e . I t was tha pol i cy of my mnomi e s , of t h e "Bl u ff Bon. ·,· i.r!e 11 type , t o cry ou ug~ ins t mo "_cotnpi::.o_ mi oo , 11 ana o f my r-'.i:> uthorn f oe a "ul trui sm. '' r ortunatol y f or mo , my s pooc...'h nt th i n t i me , h or o i n :repor 1,od , s howo nry t 1110 po s i t i on. !rhoeo who ca.r o ·to r oi,d i t will fi n d t hat , whi l st appa- .- T"'ntl y concodi nt; s ome r i cllt a , i t cl a i ·,oci con oossi on s f rom t h e South , whi ch no mAn k now , fiO well tUJ l . r.ou.l d n nv et' b o mnde . -:vcnt c h fJ.d ,Pl a ced me in tho l eo.do r ship , and l ch'1..ll onj-o c 1·itio iam i:lB to tho lo i't,y sna i ml'l:ra.:,nubl o 0 rounde u pon whi <'h I :pl ncod thr ba.ttl~ f'o r tho life o 1 RepubJ.ic . ...--- ➔ '.!'ho :rush o f OV'<-'n t s p:i~cv<'ntod ~1~/ reply t,o thi l:' 1o1tor ; ho nd - inddreed en t h e b'-1.e k in r:zy hund I fin d--- 11 .fio Com rorni eo ! 11 zcw IXd, dofo~itod i n hi s p1or sona l on -i t y 7 ( by cs lli nr..: :I' . '"oc a to / ... a.shingtoll to l obby cl.gUinst mo.,)_11( and , who. \78.fl moro , aefeatocl i n h i s p ro - el o.v cry r,ol i cy . cont inuo ll h i s m~J.ioo t•e;t inst mo , nn o ro ~ aod .,¥0 u'i v~nco MY p ert 0 1' ey s a l a ry; so :t h ad to bo rrow money o.f pr ivttt" c itizon o t o get o ff onoo mo r o t o Ru s s i a . 1'.t i s t rue that tho 1~ doos no t a l lO\'' s u ch t.tdvtmce ; hut I wus t oln t h .11t . n ov(')rt.h<->l ona , ouch advance ,,,,. '-"!OP o ften me-de . Hemr y :Bc r gh (my n ephew, r :rcen Clay , p r.ofor r ing f.outhcrn ';Ur opG) ,., 7 wao ma6.e F'ecrotar'f' o f Leeu:ti on , but , b c in_; &0o n tl i ssati afiod , h o r"?turno d to t'ho United f t a t os ; un <l i n no tot1 o1n co f or h i 0 hum.unitari an l abor s . 'ThoUBh h i n t•oc i ot y mie begun f or the pr eventi on o f '' erucl ty t o : nimal s , " i t i s in i t a ,.1£. i n t rut h , hu m:.u~i z i n3 . •;y opeeohoa at •r ~nlrf o:rt . 'Ky . , c-m ri ~cw York C11;y , i.il'ld oapecially ct \lbany , ~~ . Y., on j'cb:ruury 3 , 18 63 , uttr a ctod ;onori..l ~itt ont i on and �- 485 - comment il'.l the 1, ress. Tllo spo<H•.h <.,t.t Fr t:ank:fort wnnt . throucil the ~inoinna ti Gc:1.Zotto ~ ovo:r ull tho Union . the po licy , nw .ls ~ousrd an d ~ e ad wore <...gr i n s t fri ends in ',ll:1t-wy . · occ1 ' c -roa1dcnco . t hrot1oh t h e T,nw- r l u!.'ls o f t he Univr>raity of thnt cit:y , invi ted :rut'> to c11olivor 1~ r'r nr,ld.'ort r-il')ooch tber P. a l so , a vowedly to Co11I1t:or «ct thc-i r nnpv.t rioti.c in f l u onco. I cheerfully y ialdod , a n d mado tho spooch , ~hich wi ll b e publi shod in VolumA I II o f th1o work . I \m,s ...ilioad of my po.rt,· , cu:, u su.al; -- -- ,Z,ribunc , nor tho 0 1 '.1 ll!loo would publi sh -- :.:iy HD <' -- n oitbol.' tho E:ero.l d , ·oot , - upoo oh f or l o'tlo or mon ey . 0 J'ttoran<.'oo in t hoso an ,1 o ther spccohoo , deliverod long boi'ore , t. to:t ~ tho ' ::I!U:4D<·ipa1. ion .Pro c l umation , wore t ruly p:rophe1,ia of :rto.tiona l po licy , thou.ch too advanced t h on .1:o r oven :parti san j ourna l s to publi sh. H. ,.nd also 10 _Be.y a r d Taylor . of the J ribp.}!~ , was Char5 1 a' Affaire a ut C"t . "Potorsbur g , m:; old fr i on<l Cr ciio l oy . thou 0h 0!\rn ostly .uskod 1 roi't1sod to fiUl>l i ah i t . ' o ! went to~ job- printer, tl?ld h ad i t p r inted a t m:; o· n cxpon eo , und d i otributod t (b su.l t.ho l oadin~ n ewsp:~por s i n tho Un i te<1 :~t atoe . ! son t t. copy to T,oi·o I>o.l moreton , the r ocoption of v•h i ch ho po litel y ucknowl od~oa. md 1.n ~u soi e. i t l 11ng1.rn3c . un d. d i ctribut od by '\70.P. ?JUB t ran al ~tod into 't h ~il~ thou m,nas ,ill o ver. the :--rupiro ; for the Czar ongugod in tho ourno or.::u.rJ01 at homo , uno tho a reumon te wo:ro ..,--ood in both nc.tiona. ni sgusted •ri th --ng l ancl ' s onmi ty to our c aus e , I too k u Br emen atcs.•:10r; und , Yd t h out i n ci clen t , Rr1·i ve i=: Sf.l 1'oly at $ t . ~o t r,rsbu:rg onco more . /.c Cameron , findint., tha t h o <'oul <1 not beat me b ei'oro t h o ~en uto on hie roturn homo , h a.d :resi gned , ~ eylo r was (,h o.r e c d ' imperial city whon I arrived . r.20 \.fi.tdl'"'"' n t tho 1:ho in1 ri&-uos of t·:eso gon t l C"men to b out would afford an intorootit11(; ohu.pltor in thos" ;iomcirs ; but , an l f i n d r:~ mo.to1·1 0.l gr0 \'1ine too 1::ira-o , I p a.so on . Cs.1rioron Ulld teylo r , on r,zy l oavin~ '~t . ..>eto:rsburg , novor h t..o uny oxpoct~t ion o.r ovor s ooin3 me there Q{;n.in; eo , n i thou t l ouvo , t hey h l~d t ~Jcon po i,rnoaei on o f my two 0,1.rr i ae<Hl , ".rcieh I ht1d l of't Pi th 4'"' ,..'\- _ - - ~ . ....... .~ n ' ,., ..., •., I'\ {' t.11Arf11 • a nd t'h i ~•' . r.r:r chassGur , u clod to .~..,, o+hor cr1'ov•~ ""c 8 . · 11 •• c;.uQ �- '184 - l oJ.'t. me tn no v e ry good humor ?1hm, I c ulled upon the '-,ocretcir,J . But :'ayl or uccoptod hi s defeat r 1th e ood eri1.ce ; and pai d me ut (,nee full va.luo for my c a rria,50 , as bo sai d , fo r 1>oth himeel f una L,ronoron . Ro had to.ken a much botte r house thun tho ono I h ud l oft thom in; und wt.s • of 0ou1·s o , tinxiou.a t o 0 ot i t off his h a.n do . So I l a.i d asido my ill- humor , took h i s house , and ont o1·od into cordiu.l r ol at i ona wi th h i m. :~-1 lor lira. wo.A u Oormnn womll.n , i..l.21d hud set out f or hC'r own homo ; ao I n ov or mot her. •\e somo o f T...;.yl o:r ' s fri onds h uvo b e en desirouc o f pl ~oin~ h i m tn tho attit ude o f superior s e r vice to t110 Republic, and to crown hi!"! brow with l aurel s which .I honestly -.vo n , I c un aa.:, truly tha t , i n a ll tho timo I was in st . rotorsburg , I nover hoaxd his name montioned in any way ; and the r P-asons t.re not so much in a wu.nt of cultur e nnd chara,ctPr on the pa1·t of Taylor , as in th~ "\usa i ft.n i clflas of sentiment l:'..D e poli cy. Tlloro nre but t wo gen or u.1 clnsses in Rus sia ; t he Ncblo~ s.nf tho •'ilito.ry , on ono s i oe , u.nd tho Commona lty on the othor . Iaylor, whut- evor h i s mer it , wa s r ankod with t he l a1. t or cla ss , and r o ur dod a s :,1,n ad vonturor - a styl e ofcso n mo st di etastoful to Rnssi ~ne. ~o . when, on Carl Schurz ' s r otnrnt\fro~ <;pain \da ; i t was at1.id t1lut h o 7lould probabl y b e BC'ln t to Ruasia , Gortchtl.OOW sri.id to mo , i':i th some wur mth : '' o arc g l ud to ha vo you , o.n .iroeri can , ba ck acain v, i th u s ; but want '.;uro p oMs , or men o f li;uropeRn conne c1;i ono , to cot110 v10 do not amonw u s . " Thi e , if it d i d not oMbraco ~chur~ , ~t l eect inoludo rl ~eylo r , ~bo had m~rriod n Gonn~.n r:ifc. .:nd Go1·tcht1cow, b c inc o f tho old rmssiun b irth !llld purty , r o~Iardod Gorma.ny with g r oat di s trust . in spi te o f h is lovo of his '!i',rnporo1· . who \...,ns p:.!r-i, Gcrl"'lan in bloo d . to say about Taylo:r, o r his work . 0 Thie ic t,;.l l I huve 0 Lotter of Buyar n Teylor. Gothn , Go1-maw-1-~U~1 ~ ~ ~ 4rt(., Dea r Sir: --Ma.ny thanks f or tho f"orw{,.r.ding ~silaf&t:ft ~ ~..... tir ince Oortche.cow ' s no1 o to you , j_n answe r to Hr . Sewnr<l ' f3 r oply to '•'r anoo. I nm very e l r d thfl.t \7G uro so soon ttbl e to r epay :::-Uasi a s o promptly t..nd oon oistcnt l y . :hi s noto o f tho prince will have ~n oxccll ont off oct ••. . • ••• ! nm convinced that you are ri~hi about Halleck; and t.hu,1: he i s tho pri ncipu.1 atumblineblock in tho -r::ay of ou1~ r a pid tr iumph •• • ••• 1 0 sho. you t lkt you •.".y �- 485 - are not tho onl y ono whom tho nowsp~pers ~t homo ~buso U11jus tly , I quote th0 fo llowing from t h , Phi l a ,l ol p hi a. -Pr o no ; 1 'Ba.ya l~d T.ny lor h a s b oon romove <l from t ho po s t of f ooretc,..r;-y o f LogHt i on at st . 1:>otersburg in oon s oquGnco of h uvin3 ~11owod hie n tmio to c o boforo the ~onu.tc in opposition to ~:r . Cl ay. " Very truly yours , Hon. c • •~. Cl a.y , oto., St . ""'o torsbnrg . Rtls s:la . In court circ 1~~s , ar e ee i H of s reu.t i :r.:portnnoo . l n t hli.t o.nci ont a ristocr ~oy , th o f u.'llilios h ad no1; only o i e tinct 1•co a.ts o f ttrms , '' u pon which were wrot ~ ht the ir iDS1t,nla , but the whole dress , inc luding i;he l1r eeches , or _pantaloons, wore Wl:"Otight by s~~illcd \?orkmon ; s o th at, tho dross of tho men wa s a s vuri ed 1:n color womon th E-"lmSAlvos . WI<1 ornamont a s t hat o f t he Ono c an · ,ell imugino • them , h ow t he clf"tW- h 1jrjm0r ccl dross - co at and vrh 1 t e crav at wo1,1JL0 sti.1n d out rifi icm.lously occi-:ntric i :n such nce or.blagc of' gay suits an o milita ry tro.ppint3s . l.flJ Tho 'RusB h ,n servants , evon , a r e b ettor aro se~ed; and t.110 bla ck suit was mo s tly soen in t hn oaf~s t.Uld privato ~ous cs of foroigndrs . To a void t his, as no l(ey govorns t he subject , 1 f irst drE1ssed in rrry Colone l I s un i form , h a ving held thut rank in Kentucky. 7l1l s was well r e oo:ived; but tho b olt of z><,..tent lod.1:hor in uleo u s e d by t h o ronk u.nd file of the P.uasiun r eg imontA • ./ On my r ot urn , I V'loro the uni fon~ of Y'fY r ank , (10 ¼ajor- Gonor a.1 , ;;h i c.:h tho act o f I onsrcas t-1.l lowed , Md whj,ch eve:r :r- ~1horo is ti. hiindsomo 1.m d t neta- ful dress; an d , on t h itt o ccnsio11 , I , ,ore tho ol oeunt sword c iven me by t}10 ci ti~ons of Kentucky , wh:1.ch was mado l1y the T i f femys , and hand- somely sot with jewels. So • wl1 <::m I r eturned i nto the ~ocia l c1:rcl ea of t ho oapi t a l , the opinion prova iled tht~t I ha d e;one to .:.merica. to incroa ae ms rank; ancl which wa s consid<U'<;id ovidonce oi' t h o g:res tAr c o:nf'i dcmce o f my --overnment . So Sowa.r d , in s t e1a.d of injur1nB r.10 , ha d put quit e a feathor in my c ap ; which feather 1 1·iru.ch n r-eded , a e my cha e eeur . John, s uid Ctlmoron Jlad t D.k on my former o strich plumo! ,.,- But , as 1 wa.s f ~.irly p a i d for Lho carriag e , T cla.imodl notbine mo re . Th o ""'mpe:ror r eceived mo t1i .'t;h gren.t warmth ; e.nc1 ~ .,lbany apooch , transl ated into Ru.e.rnh.t.n , .:llld so wid ely c:i2·cula.toc1 , proved t.hut ho intlo r scd rrr; views. I wa s mac1e honortiry moriib ol.' o f ma ny s oc i a l clubs a n d �6 - l t r m i c nt Q io . 0 poton n t Ji ·m c1 • h n tho 1,1 a .. man o h i :n y h 0 e m +. i on n i on , e d' O un l ro p n ore , ..., r '.20 .r ction • T, i e re 1 . C ~i t in.., on ~-h e oco ndo .h il B t l a n "r 1 lo fri nd h J of or er ; OU i e to at in u ·t a: to my i r t 0 i \! ...,1 0 iv n on b . in i -1 d, Xl CI. pro . ~ho r p ho h - pi re . 0 t l i .~h I 0 h r ij G.. ion t s i tu t ic • •; re ed 0 I 'fh ·1 0 ·ll ich . of cours • our enem, ' • )(; 11 bo ·n le to be b r cl .... ht , , e • e 1' ,0 1.1 h ;. p ier I th in or di com full. i ' - orp i h i , mov ments ; bu li p i • o..: 0 ,..,_ Ot 0 h h . en ho - r•n Cll ·m u. n r e th urn • to ho dip .omi. i c Gi to 0 uko tho 11 n I coul d s of hor c·ll , t uotion o f' h l', C l y to h i .n ib"li t lthou h his r f. V Jl the .ep bl c . l ct •;i hout hi - ti or di co r t ' . h 'Th ci r ve the 0 Si n nution, \ rcturno to who er ssi n 0 .1.fi ... u ' od , pl 1 r i eed hi i n o. 11 ·r;hich · th · 'ni . or , lso. itl1 oh n t 1 1 b not cone a ~,n ht l dor , B , .r o inin11c. 1 ,. i t ti o , i 8 OIDP.'1..hi n .... nu s ordol, , , h . b 8 ~oxr•· i· ' 0 ily , ,. n i h :n l i s· th 0 t th , .. tlou ·e D. ut, 0 ,. 1e t 0 coul 'ician ion o in • i ~s . y path n ll BU .-i, r tu· ru 1 r intorcou C n~ • Cl - h1.t ll 00 eric t. I did no t i ft . . So , (1 • , i l d • thro be lo 1:0n 0 . no •- bu ol i t'I u e o ?' f ·i n 1 l e ft for enter h 0 h On cl by ot n· 1 n mo mer me i f .m •. C h C l. bu ' • a l r col d Wtl. i 1..i y . :nto n nm n OU' 0 -· only ·ov U1 nd • hu.vin blio ti B r r h I, C:t" t • yn C .:n .I. 1 ni i " bu Arlin , 1" dv ! in no · t' on .f ;;ur IC i.h 1 e. e C re u • B t in he �( - 487 - drained the i r g l asses to the bo t-tom. '!'he n oxt da.y tho nuke o f :.;o ntobello <H.'\rn<' with a Ctl.rd (not u cha llP.ng 0 ) of a roturn visit . d i d r1ot soe hi111 in porflon . I mot .hi r carringo ~e: J roclo out. so I He 11ad conclu ded , I su:pposo , that it waa e 1:,sier to be courteou s thun 1..o h ovo u f i ght with a western b H.rb·1r1un . ):n rcy r oturn t o 1ua~ie. , tho m bassaclor of 1-'r a n oC' wuo l3Et.r a n de Talleyr and • ":h e c1oeoon dt-.tllt o .t th("I Prince 1alloyr:m<l of mipo l eorJ ' e t i mus . 3!ld Nupi er was soon succee ded b~,r Sir An d:row 1mohi;.ill1cm • man with roy~l 'blooo in his ve inu. fine old :·cotoh- ..1. He h a.d lmo,:,,n ,;ir . und ~r:::i . "" illium Pr eston , o f Yontueky . at ¼e.d ri. <1 , and spoke o :f'tcn of thom. was i:iss ·u. · iokli fi'o . •~rs. :-,reston rurir\:) !'!1:7 whole term h Q ,n:u1 on cordiul t('rmJJ with ma.; .::,nd . j ust on t;l1e ov o o f rny fi n tll 6.cpartur.o . h e dined mo J.t h i s country- house , \,ith oomc o fl the mo ot di ottngui shed n1.isoi....ns, a.rnons whom woro -•rince .ilarrutni ski u n d L1ei.d e?"'Oinc l lo tho Princess Su.wiirrol. lnd . i.,,1.lthough nru.ch may b o av.id of John .B11ll ' c j cttl o usy of America , 5.t c an not be deni ed that , "Of a l l ,poo1il o , " as 1ncrson ~ glif~h ot und aqu~rcst in. their shoe$ . 11 it , 'tne h110 They aro slow to f orm :r1~icmcl- shipe 1 but are equally 1. onaciouo o f thl"m; and not at all drivon etbott'v by fo nliah g ossip , SJHl weti.l- s u spicions. r:'hcy base 1.hoil" P.etoElm tito't'e upon ollarector ' han clevornoss ; and r::r.c- (!C" ner ull y in all things honoat . All o ver F:urope sou r o r an ees arc tso l d for swr;et , i i' you t1.l'e not on the a lort . 1t routhnmpt on , ou1· ship touching f or (;I. short t i M::i t o coa l and pro v i oi on . I ?'i.ln a.shoro to buy .;. few oraneo e , whi ch had to bo don a qui ck l y , as t,ho steam13r \",as a bout to bo o ff . mb.n selling oi•an ~crn. air , n ho r t,1; liod . T s nia to 'hi m: 11 Thor 0 wes an ·ngli ah- :.re they sweet or sour? 11 11 Sour , l'Thon s r.ic'l I , '\you t1.1·c tho f l mt sal esman I ever sr:1w who would s c,,y h i :1 or~nges P..'.r'O truly r oprosent your :frui t . '' sour; oo put mo up sevcrul do zon , c.i,S you. Thia ho t1id ; but he b u.rdly co!Ilproh cnd od wh~ ha shoul d b e thus rewarde d for siMply tel l i n.s the truth . T • .i101~r10 Choator , an ~o rio,m- bo:x-n bh.i.ck mr.tll c urno , from the Prosi demt o f r, iberi u , to the >:;u esian court , on a to!-pora.ry mi ssion . Ho was u y;ell - odu.cntod Tndn . with .r~thor r1ioori sh thun African feat m·es , ~d o f 5 000 intelloct uncl int0lli gence . -::ro wus rocc iveo well by the ~_mporor , �86 - inv·t 0 I r0vi ' lune f ur,.... , i d no· r main lon.., in h 11· th ho to • r-> 11 , _n st, l m $1JIJ t 1· o,.d .....n l.~ U 0 p ti v 0 ' rn ure i . • i it o f p t. u t, f i car il wh th 0 0 DC o. .h . ' d ' l iculour· oul h r • s t on ch ·at I'.' to ' l e. I 0 ol inv t.c _1;0 · on D n uto~ ion r r, t t l f 1 .l'fdon d ~ rfu a h er s , f 0 cru ( 0 e. l \ 01 Ta k op 1 roquir ' e. o tiv , 0 n 1 i or ._ 1 • of' 0 • 1n h 0- on ' ·.1· i es •nd i n . p iQ i ss n . .o i r 0 : •··;ol S, · ot l 8 8 tlnd rof a ·. o out i ? Th r e v. .. h t ho JJO '•' no le r - IILn : . il- 0 \>h p 00 n eve 00 io C ,h i h, .1 od ~.11 s r - ol · h t uc . 0 oi.n · , r· _}lr . 0 (S f • 0 "br i n-t d i t io io \, i th t \ , er of . ·o i ,,s , in on '-0 ... .0 co .. io 1 t t fl •• r 1 n on 0 ·n . ' i tD n th Cz r 11 r. po ; a . 0 • n r-o roqu:i. clv Ol!l ~nt pr t ll of ,otton e;oo >Mc- DC ·t 0 oomi n · ",, im 0 0 ·te . .' 1 a. v n th e hi on to ht C n1or h •a ' l i t ict le i 0 1 ·v - llol uin l a.r C 0 ho .ro ornent i ti u h t :..IaY.iTl1 ... i ol t i h C utt n 0 n of t thut I ~ he y thn h d ·om C t • ,:.it t n h J so on r otu.rne • oi gn , 1 l C llor hct.i r, 0 c:,r a vo rr ~ 1 tc ., e ' S!lO 08 of Jo olry .om it in~ t h. _Q y. r ri nic•... . rorn ,ib ri i s l c....dy u I • ·o ,or our e C cour · 0 1 T "~ ieo . tlurine: u ... 1 n -~ ba c n 'I ..... . h I, • ·conn the i ,i d Ct ni t n '- y h rd I - ho l or • V , 0 f · '1or bl lVO VO !H iol . 0 i { ~t t~ he n 01·0 , .1'o r :1.lly i tn w s , in 186' , • n i Th e 0 St . no C,l" burg , hi .in to 'ire llin .-- t · r 0 OU s .' n 1- of 0 n on d th r i n oi ; )( ·n ±il: l ri o. i C rror . 0 wi th 0 n ob 0 tiblo Cm .. n , n 'T' .h . ' no old n ~ 0 s m bt , ' t t he r y [ s -o �- 489 - g<'t up n da~pC'lra.1:P mob for r ovolui io n ury pu rposes . and h i t!! But tho :.)np(?l'o:r" 0 staff~ ,J.nd ti10 ci za~:itz. rodci .s:rmo n e tho rvop l e wit.hou1: fo~r. Hlld aa:-;istod in chcoki ne th" f ires . r o 1.11'7' t~ isconton toa nobla e were left wi hout. oth(':r rosort thH'l ::J.aeas,sin ·~ti on _mo intimi dut ion . ~hi1.:1 i s.J tho cause , I b e liovo , of thc- orie-in o f 1a11ilism. ,ind i t:.-J 8ucco!-1S Vioula not s ~ve. but s ink . the nut ion. o f tl1c sum o f a ll crimes. 1·'o r no :pros i·osai on c an r oet upon suc~h basis The upshot o f such the c ontr"l.l powor would bo n:niv-orsnl 1.l.n archy , 8. f orcibl o ovor.throw o f u.?l(i the d j_snolut i on of the .8rnpi ro ba ck into potty ..o Y(~rnmcni, s , :.-md o l d - tirnn bnrbft!'1 rn·1. -· 01·t1 I u. _u sei un , I chould c a :rtc inly b o on the sido o f: cibsolut iran ~ un6 xwtdt such pro[;ro}~fl u~ ceoo of &cn cr::1l enlightonmon t u.nd alow oi vilir~ation. !iih i l 1 sm 0 0 Husei a.n Nihili sm. '7o thG ~di tor o f tho r.e[.,is1;or : You ask mo to oxpl n in tho !Uh;.11st movoment in J.-trnsi a . 7Ussia , l i ko mo st nat i ons , is an a;:groguto of coXJquerod n~ti on s . .rrincee &r e vory numerous , bfliDC t.ho de~condo.nt.s tnost_y of oxtinct dyn a st i es . 1.md no t of tho 1.•oi s·n i nB family, & f.l in moet ft\Ona.rchi cs.. ':'h e sons of tho ~1po1~or tiro Cr r;rin ,...,1kas , 11.nd 1,J~n others nobles, r1·inoes . cou.nt-io ~nd ba rons. After tho t1eath of :'tnu , ( tho g r Hnd s i r e o f 'the prf' a nnt :z.poro:r : l exunder t I ,k i llo<l by tho nob les,),., i t i s s a i o to h ave b een t ho policy of h i s dyna.sty t o roducetb.e power o f that ar i r.rtoo:rati c po:r.-t ion o f t h n I:mpil·o . Be thi..1, as it m~y , the pr os ent ~nperor in 1862 liberated all t he ser fs of Russi a , mo stl y against t h e will of 1,ho .mnstors. ~omo o f them o,·rnod t.ho1.uw.nd s , i f no t h1.mdrG•i~ of thoummde , o f a o:rfs . 'j,'hc :-"mperor SHid i.ho progress o f tho ago dcrat' noe-t'\ thei r l ibe r u1. ion . " Vory woll , t h en , " sc·id tho mus.tore , ''so does i t demand t.t.- diminut ion o f ,ibsol 11te por.~r , in d a. joint governmen t of the no bles and poo.:pl e . 11 ~hir dem,lnd was not acoed.ed to . On tho contrary , \ihon tho Council o:f St 11to oi soussed tho au.bj ect . a nd t.ho opposition o 1' tho nobles wus n amed . tho {}r an d ;Uke Oonnt J.ntine i s s a.ia to h Avo r omt-1·kcHl . ''J sptt 111;on tl1n nobloc 11 , -- A .P.u sshm ox1:i2·~seion o f rm pr omo con tempt . ~ cip~t ion wus , hcn'H)vc-1· . ae croc.d. Bui, ir.ih at woro the nobl es to do? Tl10 o :f'fico rs o.f tho ur rny , o f course , f ollo\7ed their loader and bread; tho r m,ik ~na f ile woro in SYM.P~t hy with tho "'i1mperor uni1 thnir class; ci:nc1 thfiro was no mv:tarial f or r e volution. 3r ea1 f i res , mado by incond:.arics p~.1.i d in c old coin , took :pJ.a ce in <t . Potornbu.rc , un d i:r:i1 thr: provinces . 1'ho obj oct , no doubt, was to crea t e ht :rf!volutionary ol omont . A.b out tho swmo time the l ife o f -tho :mpor·or vras sivvoa from tho p i stol o f a:n assas0in in tho SuJl'Une r G-ardon by .::i. pe1asan • who b.ud conie fz-om. o. ai stc4nt province t o s~e ~ ho libe:cato,r Cz.!.lr, Il'JJilll)DSe crowds o f poasunts und othei-s t hro ng e d t:,.c .r;ntbli.c squaro, nea r t h e ·ni:nter Pal aca . t o ke ep watc.h over thn 7:mporor , f re quentl y culline h i n to the bttlcony t o b o a s sured o f his snfc ty . I took e r es.t p u ins t ;o sec, nll c l asse s o f poopl ~ i:n ~ussi a , ana h on.rd thoi r s ent im~nt:e . Ono peas <') n t onicl i f t he Czti.r wcie k illed 11ot ono noble woult b r l oft a live . .,,..ihilism i s , then , a r ovolut ionnxy movmnent far · a con st it;utiona l govor:nmont ; a.n d , e s 1 he l ru1dea v.:ris tocracy are , no doubt . in tho mov0rnont , i t1 seome t o be a question o f t i ~c obout i to su.ceees . The rnotto , ' Land ana 1 �- 490 • T,ibe rty , 11 is intended to ulionate tl'lo pm~oanb'.l fl'ot.!l t h e :--mperor . T't ,::-i ll brin5 the pef;i.sa11t s (if. not •.l rEHi.t'ly uono na ropo rt eo csJ into co:nt&ot wi th the roguli1.r t1·ooptl , ti.nr1 inoroiBo '"he• dit1co ntent , which i o ul ro i-.:.dy guit o juat i f i od ry- ti\1 honvy tAA l aid ui:ioD l nbo:r , by the pssepori, a:nd o1J'lol' unju st metho ds. Th,., m 1)oro r . l ox.:).n dor i s o.n ~mia.hl e tmd j u st r ulor: but i11 t\ strugslo : or powo:r u.nd li te , no h a lf- wti.y , oast1I' CS ~re like l y to pr ovtiil. 'ell di scor.tnnts gcn P.rally , in £mtoor u nies . conoentrt.ito 'lbont iiho hoi:r app.....rf1n t ; nnd thi s :p;robabl y i s t hA au.so now . Re i s bl- mo..n of s trong ,.-. ill .....n d go o d senee; a nd i f t h o -mporor falls in t h o otrug3le, it sce}ns 1 J,,~t ho .1ould at oneo inaugura.to ,\ now policy of r eforr.t . It i s to b 0 hoped t ht;,t ho will; ti.nd thtd'.: - u.ssie. , contni-nine s o muny millions of ;peopl e ano cov er i n.; so mttoh of tho eai:th ' s c1ur£ttc e , muy a void the b1Gi.o c1shed thl·ough which Fr ance , -•)l0 l a.nd and othor Statos h uvo f o 1·co(i thci1· wo:u ..,_ t o sr.l.i' government . T11e Crend Duk Consta ntine i s en in1,:ric:,ucr . nd ohrowd, but excoodingly unpopula r . Nichol trn is wouk , tilnit:.blo • ru:io c iven to p l easure . ,.rhe J :r-..n d 11uko ..tlichael i s a m1Rn o f a.bi lii.y , but runi nblo . c:o i f the h oir choosoa to inu.n.gurato a n ev.- r cgi ma . thero seems to b e no one to hin dor him; eopeciull y us tha.ro aro roeu.lar sttccaas ors to the thron0 . Tho fr i endly ut titudo whi ch ·' ho Czar ho l ds :al ways tow~r ae t ho United !"t,ates , a.nd h i s na tu.re.11.y e;<n'lcrou a c1 i spo ei t. i on. e ntitle him to the bast wishes o f' our poopl a and o f the liber nls o f a ll lands. :But f ate htz.s pl aced hilr1 in a di fi'i cult dilow..ma -- wh1are at times i t, i s safe ne i ther to ad vance nor recode . Prince Oortschaco W' i .~ t h o ablest man in the -:::mpire ; is n c ood \7ritor {:;u)d sloquont s pe rJ'..e r. and would e;:ruco imy clolilrnrb-tiv o body . Ile ras boon th(! c-or.1ei stfln t o.ovo mrto of Rof'o rm. But h o ~ g row~ old . ':he con t oi:rt f o:r t h o sucaeF.rnion to the p rP.mi or s1-lip is aa.i d to be between the, l uto :._ini stor of · ar + Veil quieff . Count Ie;nutio f :f\ l e.to •~i n :i ztor ·to ~.'n .rkey. t::i.na Count flchouvaloff, ·anis+er to ·n g l un d.. '~-hf' f'iro1; two a.ro men of grot.t ability . ...na justly populu r h f'ro to f o re wi ➔"h Kine; ro1a peop l e . Thoy ,,r e at l eant gontlomen, hS was s~dc1 of Priuce V . l'olf:orou.ky, J ov01·rior- Coner u.J. o f ~.!oscow . r·n f orw.nate ly t ho 11cw·p ros,chos u s thnt these r;ent l r-mon trr.o tll'l c'ler H cloud! 0chot1.~itil.oi'f i a ..vho son o f tho ~1a ster o i the Imperiu l honcmhold , equiilT..limt of 01tr "mt1.itre d ' ho•t;el , " ,mo is c.J.roful o f hin own cnar. bro-i~ . 1:n pfrilou s time~ muoh we i ght must have t he a0:rv;1nt who qusl.1 :Pi os his master ' a co ffne ! Tho son, Count Schouvaloff . WUH ho,nd o f tho :polieo of t1t. . -,otersburg , under the euphonioi:w titlo o f "r.iinisto:i.· of fJGCr o~ jui:::tico ! 11 lie h as Eill t he iw=rnnll3ibili ty o f a. Ct·lLl<fraft ~ tho v r.Jii ty oi' u coxcomb , und t he irrnolonco o f' ti scullion ! I!o i ~ bottcr .fittoa f o1: 8. .Puul thtm a n .lexandcr . t houl a ho a ss:umc tho <1 i rect ion o f 1,h ,,. T.)n_pj_re . ·1u.osi>.1. may bocome not a. limited rr~nu.rohy , hut u r ormbl ic. c. :,i. c. ~--human l anguago h i-:i.s not i nvontoa ~.1. torn of gre ..rtcr i n fall'Ql. ..:urdcr i s te1•r i blc enough; war su ffic i .cntly horril.ll-o; but what shoulci bo s&id of t ho ~e 1,ho i·ednco urii :o to ~ syetcm , v;hich perpetnutes r ovengo , CllI'r ioa the ev.:_l s o f v,ar from tlrn mi li t:~ry t~mt i nto P:V 01.'':f ho usehola • {i.Dd mtikeR tho ul oot'lshed and destruction of the pc:.ssi ns battlo- f i olci. un etc rn s,l wo e to ov (;)r y l ivin~ soul'? :Uihi.liatP nro sowine dr£lBOD' s t oeth, ori a s oon thoy will s:pri ns u p i nto l egi oIH" o f :ttmcd me11~ Thi s i s t h tli fatal aisaase u.ndor var i ous symptoms on d mnny n,..mos -- faction, os trR.cism, traason , J8co biniom , unarchy, z·ovolut ion, GncsnriAm -- which comes a t �- 491 - l a.st to ovory n ition . rU'ld wh i ch , if not otnrnly un d horoioally r0sistod , en ds in douth. t or Eh l f - t,OVornmnnt i c born 0 1• oe.1,ul,ilH ie e , no't b () ~he fruit o: al~ o.m .ny ,mforc ad fo nnula • .hil st l.U.1,ocracy OHn not be suppo soc1 t o s:,m11athizo wi t,h pocu.l o,r gove1·nm,1nt . like 1,h1,,i.t of t1'1(~ Unito d Stttto8; y ot , .1s un ,..lly (1eainst u common r i val - ~:::n i l und - i t ·~as qu' to n aturtr.l tiu:..t :.u s ..dts ohou.ld desire the pr oserv·-1t.i on of tho •~oricmi Unio.a . a vowed - that 011~ .n ct thi s Gortohucow r opoatodly na val po?'lor. at l onst . wus u noccsoncy c l oMeni in the worl d I s ba l anco o f power , onpeci ully nee.inst ~ne;l u.nd , the nt!.turn l enomy of Russ i a . ".'J1an 710 procle..:lmod liber ty to tho s l a ves , \'10 env e u.n e~t'Tlest o f fin a l conaolid~t i on . e nlisted tho po-pulur hoart o i' "ilgltWd (:~n d :-'r~noe upon onr s i de , ind n ~de those rul ors fffHr , in a wc.r wi th ::uosia b ehind , i ·possible progr oss in t h o -~i cl o f tho ;'outh by war upo n MoJCi co . tho r.u sfti t-1ns . i,h orofore , s on t t.hcir IH.•vy into m:,'.'1 "b.on YO l"k h a rbor . 11 vw.s e;ener~lly b nll ovec' thut thore wac 1.:.n u.ndernttmdi nt; of mutual a icl . t; he shi pA could o i 1.her th~re be e11.i'o . o r ~s...., i ct th0 . morico.ns ; ,,hi lst ?Us s i a could advunoc to w~xd Indi~ by l ~nd . Hany tlt tol'lpts vmro m21.de to r;ound me upon t his mtbjoot ; but I l ook ed wi so ::i:nd a~i a nothine . [JO so , hutevcp~ mt.i.Y h tiYO b c on the u J.t i m:.i.to pur'- _,U t si~ thut1 mudc :.... m'"1,et orly axhib i t ion 1 whi<:h broko u p the Mextcan invasi on, u nd 1lrovcn ted a f or e i g n rocot;ni t ion of tho t onfedora.t e f i btos. 0 TJee;stion of the Uni tod <;tu.tern • .~t . r-otorshurg , :.uaoi c.. No vembor 22 , 1864. ~.ir : -- :oaay . his Imperia l Ui $h noss th<> Gr<m d T;uJrn C.onott1nt.in-e (who h as jus t r otu:r.ncd from 1b,"ol'!d l sont h i a ..-d .. ~r, o~.ml) t0 invito r.io to muko h i m an inf ormal t isit . I l< wuc rccriivo.i in tho mo3t co r oi fl.-1 mn.n:nor; DJlA ·vithout l'..ny c or o,'lony. 'qe s ~1 1a h o doi:1ired 1:o t h a nk mo foi· tho cood undorst •..moini..: wh i ch exi ntoa b~twc-en "~.hr. -·r?.neror ..nc"\ thr Uni te<l <:,tat ca : f<h i eh was O\'tint,. to "-.'Y 300 d offic eA c..n i' fr i C1n tleh i p : lltH1 he desire d 'l.lt'o j n person to r o"turn tlll'ourrh mo ni s e r atoful upprociati on of tho co 1·a i a l recoj)t ion of the ~us s i un f l eet i n Pmorioa . 1 r eplied that the debt o f b'Tati tude \, as f1•orri u s to h ie Ihperit.1 :ttjost-y; who , wo boli f' v od , had by h i ~ f rie ndly courso . rrevontor. ·-:ngL ,nd tJnd 7r u..."1 co r-ro m nos tile int0rv 0n tion in our u fff.:.irs; - t h at our poop l o fnlly tl.l)prooiJ.t eel thi s f a ct; ~m1 thoui;h we c ould not 1·i v al ::U.rope . porh ps in tL0 ma..,- ific oncc o f our r ublio :fetos - we trustoa thb.t \',o h ad not b oon w:..ntin3 in heart .. re sp oke c~uin of ho1,, mu c:i:1 thoir offioore 'iJC'l'e g r at i fied - �- 492 - com:plimen toJ our n i.tvy - st-ti11 nu.ssiu had ;itr.itatod us , u.nd buj_lt ton 11 .,.oni tors'' - that thoy pcrforr10tl woll ; ~na ,•,ould be- <'ffoctive .Lor oefonc0; t:•.n<1 offentic . fiGt1in:1t all the n..,.tions l1orc10rint: on U10 Eti.ltic. iio g.:.i.VA ie F.u hir opinion that the .~011itors by 1:ncr et..ae o :r hulk 1">1i t,flt be mtocN, nfru :.is sm·-,.- eo ing vessels - 3nt th..!.t c~1ui. i on \,as to be necid ; • nl! oxporicnco E;hotll d dotcrrrlinc lie coa1rlirnir:nt.or also th0 dalltmtry of our nav£-u officers; d.lld OSl)CCiully \...OT'.Odoro .Farri.l.E;tl'l . Ho thon aske<: me ~1.bou-i our P-ffairt~. I to lc1 him tlu•t ir. Linco l n wae roolectod; unil that l t hou1:91 t i t v,on.ld ,- i soov..1·t1!30 tho Pon.th ; ana hr-1sten , tlTI~i mn.k,1 ::u:ro i:i1tt :re1A1,or.Rt.ion of t'l-rn Uni on ; 'that tho o:-:h&ustiotl of i.hr:1 South v.ns provon by thr f,!'._ct tll r-t tho ctXming or the i r s l a:vos WM:; freely E:yioken of .. that thi s '-'HlS equi v al e11t t:o ·i throllt to blo<;.i i1p tho ohi.o r ?c:1t110r "t.h~n curr endnr . llc suin thn-t. the .Blaci1~s wc.rr- trerr1.er1 ...-,i·'h Mor'-'.' cquali1!, 1hC'j!fro , tho:n in f r oo stu-tes ; ,-. md lt did not secrri eo cortnin lbit thl"'y would ab!Uldon their mas to r s . 1 i-orlied . tha1 t,he '":outhorn rf1~Ar d for ~he nogro , snn soci a l equality wi th the b l acks was onl ~l appe.ront - thut s l aves coul<1 l:>i 1 v,•itil Urn .famil ios of m.s.stG-:--"f-; , ~na tlwy i n chtl god in SO'fl'lf' pri vil0.:_;{')8 ~ wh ich W :r, ~ d (-➔ ni 0rl U1 O'r'l in t}1a tlo:rt1·, ; but that tho pc10!" whi to of tho ·~outh wac mo:ro tn toler~nt of s l uvo~ or nogro ~tssoc i ~~t i on . than even ",;ho 'i\!orthc1n0rB; that 1:umun n utu:to wa~ 1.:t.bont ~h,. . eal'.!'le ; ;,.nd .Bl s..cku c•o1 l d hu.r dly bo sup1,oeed ao fool i sh B.fl to f i ::-ht HGt~i1rnt thc-i:r 11be1·flt ora to r r.triin their wi v os l;l.!ld cllllctrcn in s l a very . 1'ho Cr h.nd T'"Uko iho11 eixproosod h i s .rof~TN t.;h&t e 1'r0conetrnction" o f h o stil o stritos . u.ftor <:ion<:r:.1esi; . would add no stt·ength ·to our ilia:t ion . '.!'hie i i.lea, of ditf'i c ..il tj . ! to l d h1 ,n, was r<l. to_;othor · :ncli$h , ~nd "t>.:ropean; 1at those intor0oted in sl ~v cs could not bo more than orh1 ::in d a hal f m1111o,Dc at tho mont libo.:rD-1 count :- th.~t ~ll tho '.rest , ·n1 tc ond m .ack , •acr-o in int ore:::t oppo soo to s l avcn-y ; m'.Hi th,vl, we had c,nly to break down tho tyr any of tJ10 robel ,nastArs , untl then we• f'ou.:na no dif.fioulty in e1lo-.· in,:: 1.ho macses the i r trno i nterests; t hat ao ....1. mattor. offact - tho raccnst ruotec s t b.tcs vioriJ mo,ro l oynl than many :fr oa stato3 - i'or tney 1kic1 fcl t tho evil s of s l avery _.,:oti seoeasi on nx:>re . t',t i.hose views the Gr.,l.11d T1ll,:e s oeMoli !.!U<:h e;rutifi oa ; 11::i they evi dont l y ,,ore now to h i m; c:lJ1d he s0erried pla~.1.sea. the.i our futuro ctr ol'lgth v;ould not be i!'l!J,,iirod by the .r~ballion.. ,,or t1H' --;'n,:li sh v iew pr0vu11 ~1 ~ll ove:r r:UX·opo - tha.~ wo shall b() p o:rmanont l y inju.rod by tho wm."; cvt'.in i f the Union i s restorod , as our e r etit rosou:r-ce::: u.rc not known . ~,_.• Bis Impoi·i al Ui 0 h n csn ~honkod me for 1;ho 'brochnr..➔ account o f my r eceptio n b:9" tho 'itusais.n fleet . \'lhi ch 1 had sent hirri; n.no once mox=o wi shing; that our fri on dsh i l) ;.·ihi ch ri-r,:: r; b PsAd 11pon snbstMtis.l i nto1·Bats: 1 shonl cl be l uetin5 - he iook l oevo of ma . 4.n 'tho Gr a nc1 1iu.ke iF. roputcc1 to havo 1:be et--l'." of' tho ';mpo:ro r ;- I thought i t well to e1ve you our ~onvor sat i on some~hat at l Emgth . I muy here be a.11.oweci to say , 1.hut the Cr an d "I;uke t•i ohol as . and tho G:ri:ind f'1.lLChoss Hellen t b.lld the t>i·inces 0ldcnlm:rg . hhVG $.l l rctu:i."Dod me their ~ h e nl..s . in ti f o nr..!l l nmnn o:r , f o r rny complirnon tt:~ry sr1eeoh in rc-fcronco to thEJ :'<nperor . l o.T". youtr o bt . , vt . ~11on .. C. : ·• Cl ay. , t"0 cr-0t HI'JI o f Stttte , ·tJLsh1n5to:n, r . c. .,...n . 'A • ...., d• ,C• ev.«:r :a. ''uch wo.s tho state o f uffo,ir.s wnon t.l:o f irst v.ttmnpt vms mucle U.f>On the sumrnor- g~r (len . the li fe o f the G7ir~r 1..tt mo v nm,,nt (;.e,dnnt h i poTeon ; and ::m.rh ao•,onstrut i ono of l 0 vt"I l.llld ad!",j_ ~,.. l t i or.i I n e v er aaw b <"foi·o .-my whryrE. . Tho ocrfs v.n de:rPtooo 1,ho n-01~ deyR t.nn nieht ~ tho .. intor �r - 493 - .?u-l aoo w~e bociec;od by thousands o f tho poasu11try; m:vl ➔ hey 'Nero not cont el'.lt till t'he ':trn:r continm-:.ll y sno,:1Bd h:i.111scl f on tho ba lconi es of the pa.l a.co . :.~y chaPAotn· , ~.ho wnt-1 1 fTNJ-iman . wua an inif1lli5t?n1. l!lrul ; u11d h o sui d to mo , i f t h e noblos k illod 1 he ~:mperor , tne p cop l n ,...crnld k i ll ~..ho l ust ono 0 £ them in rav ong c . In acknowl edsmont of tho hoopi t"1li t y s hown the ~uasi~ :flnet in 'tmor:i ca , I '.n1e i nvited by tl-w =taporo r t o vi s it him at Gatchin1.:a... pti.l utiul villa l i os an a spu r oi' h ills ,_-nd cool vc.1 1oy s, driv e ~iout h from St . Po1:orzburg .. :1.1u ch o f th11 cou rt il'TOS '.:4 lone t ho:re . 'l h is a.~y's ··e .hud trout- .fishi ne and W•ll1~a in tJ10 6'l"0Vos, by day; with du.n o:~n-3 by :ai.3"ht. Tho trout wore c a t1ght in ~d vunc c. , ~md put i nto CCl Ol poo J.A o f r u:an i nc we.ter , v.ti th '>1 i ro sorcons , so 1,h,;,t ih0:1 co ulo :not er;c~po . c a tch c.i:i m..my 11s "'e could wo ·,Hm t od , ;.;.nd ,:h ... t wc1·O Cli.Ut..,ht woro outon . could be f lnor for spOJ i., or :for tho 1.i.l."blo . ±'i s hin3 of Por:'Q,JOY wi th Cl oo:pat:r;:::. , i'1!10 ht!,l Hothing 1 vuis r emindod of tho t'1 VOl' S to p11t fish on the iiiany thout'ht tiw f i sh were 1n thei r n!l.1. i v n rrt.t,cra ; U1ou:~h I ,. an hooks . ;mt I kept rrry ovm 1-Jo o1·et . ola f i she:r-m.:m . k nc•v bettor . In :no criun t r y in the i n RutHiin. ~ orld atrc thn t;,urrnnern more del i r~htf\11 1;h:J.n ,ionna t o.oles woro s ot undor ih<~ th5.ck- shudi11g trees ; ,,:nd t ho company v, as t'hus brok en in~,o agr oei.1-b l 1-> t;roup s o f mon 1:.11 c1 women. 'i"h~ "m1,1e ror r;.nd ! <'l ined at o:nc t ab l o a lon0 ; v:h i ch w ~e; indic,:;1.t i ve tlu::~t I wr,r• tho hono red guest . i n iii s oa:" ine 1.ltid Ro was v ery t.r.11.a.l>le , ~nd very tibetomioue ch·inking . not ,only thero , but at a ll llis ciinnar s d.n<'.l b1;Jll s .. u 1min o f indu s t:t,y , und woll inf ormed in s,ffa.ir s . :ic ht-1d d suMmur,y mt.=.do o f t ho ·l1•ticl ('lo of i nt crt=iot in oJ.l f oro i g-n urid dom~stic m:iwspu,pcro , so t,hat l ·, 0 oou.lfl quick l y be i nfo rmod o f . t.nd keep puco ·,. ith , _passing events. Ee w,is hum~~n e , gcn e1.'otts m1d bra ve . "'hi e Jw Showr d , not on~- at the g :ree.t 'burning o:f rt . Pett=: r.sbnre , but v;hon once ho wBa f-i.bscnt . t-tnd "i;.he Gr ttna r uJ;:e Nioho:l as thr er; mMy stud entB int o priuon because of a suppos0d con sp i rl.l.cy ,;_. nd o~outo . ,.,g coon as tho Smp0ror r c t,urno d , he ordered thom al l , w:i t hout t1•i a l . to be libor ktec1 ; thus sho~ i11~ u br av o '.,,nd ' i;;cn oroua si:- i :rit . . hem he ..-,ralkod . v,hi<'h he did evel'Y dfs1.y when in St . Petersburg , ulone on tho str o0t a . or i n t he s ummer- �- 494 - garoEHl wi thout 31u ..rda . ul thouBh i t was OGSinRt oti qu ottt" for men of ~o cultiv ation to sport!{' 1,o hin . tho roo r cr pe1opl c , mon nt oppod h im . fi nd p or uona lly madc:i the i r pot ittons . ,,omen t o!'tr➔n thi s w~:1.s o ften soon by mo ; und und nrsi oo <l to be u.l \~,io.yo ner ooe.b lo t.o hiw. tt lws b oon tllo h ab i t o f 1somn f oi:-,,i gner s to 3poek of J l oxi.nder ! I a s a weak rn:incC'l . :'hi s i n :no t true . lie w~1.s not a. brill i t.:n t man , boine-S .. more o f tho Germon t yp e tha n tni'"' r ussi 11.n. v-,; 1 th ~ flno poreon I round m1~ l a.rec an d h cnd . wi t.h l ar crfcl blno ••yes t nnd n~ i dbla ox:prcssion; but man o :f h !' was e1./4..:'.)ood c..1on1111on- sena0 . ' n,d . if he r,,'.13 no t e(lW'Ll to tbe t i moe i n f '"1Ct'3 whi ch ho 11 vod , i t W;,S rl-1.thor b CCliUuc t:lUOrt. .:,rot\t c1hc1.ngos ci.ro too et:ro ng f or w ry man , than "--hat ho vH~s not a otro n,_; man h i mtwlf.. '.''0 n u.st j n dc e an u.utocrut b y h i s mini~t oi·2 , ... nd his pu.1Jli c pol1c~ , ratho:r. ihf,n by a:ny suporfici t.1 , p e rsonal ori tict sm. An d , judged l)y thic. At um1arc.i , whu.t ; -ovor:r:u!'1on t i n tnc v:orl d :~hot>,o ,l moro tact , u:nd l' ap poa mo:ro success , than the Russian? utld His ptir:10 mi nistnr, Go rtcr..acow. wa.e 11a.raly oqu.nll ea ; h i s vic 01·oys tJn d gen er a l s wo r o very cminont m0n ov""r::';- wr,o -ro . ':"ho po licy of 13l'l v.11toorat i ~ , o f cour se . (3l'e1at, res erve in co:o- v e rs~t i on , c.n c'J t ho Cza r r s rPly vio l a.tea tlrn r ul e t ;j,J'ld :r&r e ly to11ched on poli t ios . onoa , however , when I e:polrc of the nuppo aoa a.llin:aco b <'"Gween 'Zng l a.n<1 unc1 7r ance cteO.infJt t.ho Uni tea f:t atos , I vonturea t o sey that :Fr airno i n uniting wi th r:ussi a ' r'l old on ony , s auppo}~tl 1.o be i'~vorc:.bl e to F.u.cs iu. . l utions or s.nc! , co1.tl d not bfl The "7,j'r1pr-iror r oplicd , t"i th cl c~i eion : :{es; tln.poleor, i s not to b e t ru.stod. 1' 11 ? 21gJ so , f:rorn many u.nimportuz:t r evo- ohtlTHeter, su.mn cd up , 1 thouzh t t he .3mpcror fi man of fi ne coreion- oenso . !i, i s no't- f o:r u s to St:cy" t ,he.t -1ox auc1o::.· I I ill.ts not !t lnti:n o l' tibi l ity bectmso h o fell by tho h .:.1lHh~ oi' u.m;c.m-d:us; for tvm of (')U1~ prc1-;i dnntB died in th n same wuy . Yet "Hho wo uldl , ~o:t thttt 1"one0n , t1s1o1ort tht.t l' innoln u.nd Cur 1.'i ol d vro:rc no t men of grcr.·rt.. t ~l cmts? ·:e t,;ot &ll our i d cHtA of 1 1\u ssi u tmd Ru.a s i aw thro u gh "'":n~;l i Eih f;ourc;ea , nvor colo1:0rl r:. itl"i i•11l r:.CHble r iva lry; but I think po s1ieri ty wi 1.1 r un}: t,lex~t.ndor II •• not only with the good . but tho great rttlorn oi' tho wor l d . •;,ortun ntc vms he i n h i6 lii'o , i n the gr ea1 os t a .ct c1 'f lmmuni ty Hllottod t o man -·-- the l ibc r """t ion of 23, C00 , 000 of nien . And " -fuT'hm- -e ·w~ '1 "i'!l 1J.'r!i~ ~~. 'i f t o �- 495 - :f'ul l e murtyr to tho vind icatio.r1 o f groat p:einc:5:pl os is ,l.llowad to be d i o thut post 0.1,.· i ty 1.ih~ll shod t oo.rs o f grete.ful 1·11omo1·y f or thn o.ead . I trunel ato ,1.n d rmbliBh tl'rn fo llowin1 1 01.tors i'rom tho ::tua2ian :;t . not c:r.cburi,; , 1-'<"b:nwry 14, 186£. ~ir: -- I ht.w e not f a iled l.c1 pl u c o under th~ 010s o f thCl •mperor . rry ,iu.guat m~ei,or , H1e lettor wh i ch you -;ve:ro p J. 1asod to add re r-is to me a t 1·hF> ~IJOT01".nt o i' thn nnw duties ~hi ch 1:·eca ll YOll. ,1,0 your COtl.DtTY • ? i s Impori.a.l :'ti1ajesty h us ·t,oon profoundly move ri (.tJ:rU<"h~,i by 't;'h(;} so:nt i montn wh ich you oxpress , u.a woll in y('l ur own Ti fl'lllf' R 8 in th~.t o f th<J 1\meri ct1n nttt ion . ·,1 s ~jajnsty cont~r ~tu.L:d:;oA h :lMsol f ( Ao -f.t~l i._q;l la) u r,on the [;O0d r o li:.li i on s v1hinh un i te t ho t wo cou.ni:ri es , ,4lld o c v.·hlc·h n ,~i the.r· d ist itt\CO ( 1 ~_o].9_i5nmne.nt} , llor di ffo r r-nc<"' o f •inst -ttution o , uor H-ny t.111,1-'~<>n i em of i nterest . h ~ve b oon a blf' t o uimtni sh ➔,}if} VvLJ-r m eyr11puthy . 1~hoir mutn..1.l f -riendahi:p i s not oril:.1 ~ :r,.i. i onHl polit ic:,11 c b lcuL•-d;;i.o:n LQ.C.J.fllJl.i , it i s y et more - a. n ,-tiona l i11st .lnct; tin d 1.t i.:-1 thi s whi eh mukes 11.o ~1.1~on(;th (~q_g,)$ Ei c M.ujoaty t .. h i ;.:mpor or ~ hrts 0,qi<➔r.t 1.,ncod (p1)r ~u.v~1 H lively 00ho of thc s~ t.r i.endly dil-·- at1.tisfuot ion i:o r ind i :tlt; i n your l etter tho pos i t iona . :r n N,i'i no t assn ..-re !,on o f nlos e ,,l'l1<!h anima.ta Hi s tu.josty , i.ho 1nperor, ••n d a ll ,\ rnsirt ( j,<2ut_.('t, s=mti~rc: t . ·tow, rd Llw U:u:ttoo ~tdt r; o. You 1'110\'1 thorn. Your Govornmnn t i s :not i -nor unt of them . !1 know1-:1 thut our uspi r (-l.t i onB ( YQ§tl;!_J ltecompa11y ii ln 1 :'ll'' into:rmul cr..:.a:i..H tni·oue;h ~-hich i t i r: puf:lein ~; t..nd ho v,• mucp wrJ tles1ro to ooo it emorg e prom}?tly, by mowis \,rhic-h cmnoolidut,c i ts po:urr. ! i11 l'oundin_; i i, upo n tht> T1n1o:n. Ct i s thut u liko re ..m l -t m:...y bo at t a :i.ned ,. thcrtl ,.,A huvc, recorr.!'.H nooa to it \n.1.r mly 1.h,; uonaoli dat ion \7hi ch "!,:liG~ 1 l o t1>.t·oo~, '' tour 111~100 i s n c0dod in t:hc Ul'li v11rsal oquilibriUJl'.l o f' n at ions • . ha ~,ill bl'l broat by u +t;.. conc~ordo , u \m-;si a will h u ll t ,rull.JJ,crr~.d , with her n oot v i thl ayrapathi e1:1 , u ll pr os :roew tht..t you act·of!lplish in tha:t wuy; parrmudod th&t she ,,Y ill f.Ln d • vl1der rtll c ircmnst:...no1-1 a , i n t h e .\merican nation ti co-rdit2.l r oci pro,city • ... t <-> rnomcn1 v-rhon you a.re ~,- oin~; to r e-port ir1 your oou:nt:ry . the i mprcsr,ions whi cl:;. your co .journ cmont,; u o hna l oft , l sm hi1ppy to 1rn ablo 'to 1· ..... i tor ato t o yon tho ne asPu:r·uncofl lF 1 a'h<>ul d no t 1-mo•r: how to elo so wi tho,1t thn.nking you for tJ1e coopnrs:t ion f rnuc1.n1.rs I i:ht:1t you lHilYI"' r0n:::-tun't1y afford.nd me i or tho mo.int(m t.inco"of' taio Int i mate r ol ot, ions b t•iwo en 01t.t" eovcn1rncni;s , a nd without exp reemin5 to yo u the ree -ret p. with wh i r:h 1 shall -.:vi t ness t rrn oosstt·tion o f our p nrF:o:na l s.s~o c :lat ion fl , o f ·:.h i ol:'l T s liv.11 rot. .t-.itl 1.he l i Vf"' 1 iff s't 1~,.1rnt1mbran co •• Be p l or.. Pecl , sir , 1, o r ooei,rc ·;nth thin a s l,ul':.:nce , th at, 0.1' 1:1y mo s t oi R1 inuuicilod con s i dor~t ion. :o:ri; <tha.cow. ,~~'H11·sko , ,. n lo, Jmle l !i , 1Hti2. l'Ml.r ·.•r . Cl t1.y: -- I miu1o ,m e ffort of fr iendshi p to ro-pl y t o your confidcntitil-1 l ottol" o f y cs1.ora~~7 • '"u.f f orlng , i th e:: VtJl"Y vio l c n1 ed,t 11 ck o f t he ,.,out , :t w:n coopcllod t o be l o.cor.lio . '.:'Jle -.rnpero,r was well - sa+;1 1:1fiod with your di ncou.rs~ , c n a -.vi th tl:l o.t f :r • ..::t-i.moron . In h i a l:OST'on oo 1 h i i, mt j esty has expr ooscd to you h i s voly ( vi vr()a), pro.foru:id , a nd u n, 1 1,o:robl s aymputhio t=: .fo r t he •1.Inorican �- 49& - Union , :inc; tho oa:rnost dc t:i:.".'os { voeu.xl which ho conco i ves fo.r: 11w ueur end of tho intostino wti.l~ which !.Jl.'Vicios you to- day , 1-1.n d for the r oncn oilh:.i.i on ~.hich woull rot-1tore t:h•) 'Gnio n to i tB anc i ent E1Rln11rlor. You know '1.11M, this is a pcnn,.innnt as:;iro.t ion (yQ!µJ.. oi' the ~mporor , with 1,h j,ch I ci.n .ti ,·ni.:y:- ascoo i :i'Lod •ni th nll lf!Y convictions . :.-:; au gu st m~1.::::te:r has axprosced to you h i s satisfaction ±'o r t he manner you have acqui ttccl ;rourec,lf o f your (1iplowutic .functions n ottr h i s person. '.md has ltl8l1 ! fost.od th'"' f i l"'tl\ 11opo that wo snall fi;ll<'1 1'ho same ~i sros i t i ons in yo ur suoces~or . ~<"c .:-ive , doa.r :-~r . t: lc.y , wi th my Pincoro ro~~rots f or t he c esstJ.t ion of r e l at io ns , whi ch u:ndo1· pub lie o.sr ociutions ( r ap__p.9:tts) , as well c s un der pri vc te. l eave m0 mornoric s wh i ch I Rh a l l chor i ~ ( co ns~n. v er~i) ul ware ~lith 1,l (h.am:re , tho o.s:'u l"(,n<'e of tirJ most devoted sontimcnte . 4 Gortchacow. Czursk o ralo , June 2~ , 1862. 11ou.r ?.'l.r , Cl a y :--..:he ..::In}?ro es huo cxprossly cht1r3,Hl me t.o si,:y , th1,;1.t tho ·photog :raphs 0 you h ave s ont h or h t. vo ci v on hn.!' ::;re:.:it pl easure. her ~afaj <rnty thmlks you . i.is bi 3't1neso . tho t~. untl ~•Uk o :&ri tj_(')r • 0.i:pr0soos ·1.,o you. t h e $~rrio sont imontR,. In rctarn f or "tlds :neas,:igc , I uzk ~ .favor or ~/Ov. i n r73 boh.,.lf. lt i s thi e : to sond me ....lso yottr 11 ~ ·•ir'' for -the ~l btun o f 1tiy f:r i on do. I shall s..:~oredly (J2.r1,;1cL1uQ.Q.mJJili) :vrosorvo lllo l ..(r5 o ;,ho togr e.1;h ,7hich y ou havn sent, me; but .t ,.iHl1 to fill in my alb12i.-n tho r,1sce -r,b. i cL. I h uve loft v t1c..1.nt fo1· your 11 c ur1..r1. 11 210.i.SO b olio V<l in the ti.oourunco of J.11 rny sontiments . ·-- v-O r t ch a.oow . 1}1.0 r eade.c ,'i i ll l'.:mu1.:rk tho 1:ofi nad c.1e11ca cy ;r,hi ch chru.'c:ic~.crizecs tho styl o of ;.u8a i m1 h i gh lifo. of Go:rtch~cow , w0·re no dou.'bt i ntonrd fiod 11y t h r~ g reu1. inj u ut ico of rrzy recall. ~o r , as~ s~i d ~ no eovornmont on earth i s better postou on foroien •.d'fairs t ha n t h o :~u.e ois.:n . homo- policy ; and : ew~rd ' s en"'H,y ~o Jo :r.'f.c•hacow I rcpr o s o11tcd 't,hc :iucmi....:rl i doa of WD~ we~ l known ~lf:l to r.ae . u 110 nzy cause . J1owMl ,~s rt,uch a, inliko J o r f'nv.:l!'o. as I did ; as wi ll be gr'lMO/ ·rs. / ./ 1/ c·r:TlT'-P.,... .t 'l ,I'. 1 a;;, • h an d£> , tJ ey were no sm1j.11 part o f the p l ot-r:'ttreo o f thi n mo1.1nta in hom0 . The Russ i an ncbili ty ro·e , mon o.na womori , of 1.ho f inest pc$eiblo J)m,si c,;,u o . Chey c;1,;ro not so sm:lll us tho F:r·cnah , no:r s o t"IJGg od as tho - ng linh . wom· n h a v e th~ h i -:;h.ot1t cul t ure in all "'~,ht...-1, i s betmt iful e sex. anu Tho winninB i n Tlloy arC' r t-tl1r.1· f uller in pcr~.ion than tho /\I!loriofln e,i-rls , with �- 497 - a subauo o munnor , whi ch our country- women so r1u ch noe<i . assert 1.,homso l voa . he.vine too rrvu.oh t a ct :fo r that . of a ll i a that t h('loc pr.opli; . 1,-;i ,.... .ney n eve r ~ · h&t 1c tho n ':ru.ng est th :no t :r, co of .-cr,tcrn blood in ':..h11ir veins , a1·0 morn like / .morioc.zrn than a:ny of 1.ho ' u.ropeaJ? n 8.t i ono. rth.o oriontt'll i doP.s of tho seclusi on e> f tho sexos r,::Jmain s t o a :,_;:i:ont oXt(.'nt in ? n seiit.i.n so c ioty . 7he mot her , OT nom0 o thor cha.!)oron . ul wu.ya uccom- p i:m i o~ tho .:i r ls to pl£,con of nm;30UJ.b l yo1· a ll kinda. ' ,hen on a i A invito d to a bull or private party . b i;in~~ thorn i s a RUff i c i r nt guarantee of r espcctublli ty; 1:¥n d any m:m nmy da noo ;, i th v:ny l l-1.dy with formc;i.l i ntrodttot i on . 0.1.· witho1.1.t tt ~"hey sonor~•lly mclkc a curd- l i st o.:· f.l.ppo i l'1t:rn.onts in t h e usuc.1 -r:ay ; en d , when t.lio fnllJ,:l£E>mo:ot ir:J on.o , tho young man , or o tho:c gontl cu1a.n , bows , t ak es th('.1 l udy ' e h.ano , u:nd dMoes , wi1,houi, sayine Then , rotu.rn i ne; hor t o h or so!1t , bov,s ~enin; ,.n<l this j s about a word . !:!l l tho intorcourso . hen one i s q_uit o int i mute in • fHmil y , somt~ small lib0 rLy of con versati on in to l e r ated ; but thi P i f:' r r.ro in pub l ic- aosamb l iea . In con sequ ence , ma rri a ges uro mado by tho p~:ronte , oven •. at tir10G , b cd)oro the youne cou ple h ava f'V·,r opokrm to eaoh othe r . the i r nwrrit~oe t).l'O 1:s a gen ol' al th±:ng , ~o l"f' fortune.tc tr.a n ours , wh a t',1 tha s illy yout h t1are a llowed i o m:-rrry wi thout &.ny j u dgment of churactor. ./md oox·ta tnly our bot!ot0a lib erty of' the s ox is loa ding to v o:ry t :re 0 1<,~l r e oult s • . ll l thn old oi viliz at,ion s t~ro a.sto1linhed at th<.i froodom of i:ot u~- courae botw<.ion t ho sexos in .\m,or jl oa . Ir. pr i nitiv o timos t thi s -.~ 110 till V!:)ry well . among a pooplo ,nelJ.- o jrf . o gu u.l in c i rcumat n.ne;es , more l wid r elig 1one , nati ono . a.no by v- ith li~;tla o f tho l d l~u.re un d the .lu.xu ri os of 1,h c o l dol' Eui now ~11 thn1, i s c:ha.ngoe.. ' o havo tho woal th , thf., l c isuro , the l uxuricrn of t ho o l d wor l d ; wh ilst the mor.'ll i oco.a nro d i otu.r b c d tho decay of all f orms o f r eli e;1.on , u.na th<:! 1·api cl intorcouree b etween t ho extromes of civ i liz ati on , in c:onaoqu enee o f the railr.oads ; stotll!l- shi r,s , f.i.n<l all the modern g 1·a.ph , ano all thut . met \.llS o f oommuni c&t i o:n - the _p:reso , 1.h<-> tol0- Nutuxo t cJn:,s co.re that o.11 a.nimal l ifo shall bo pr os orvoa ; a nd h enoa tho S tn.'1.la l p ass i o n can not b1; oasil y cont rolled . �- 496 - lt i r· ➔ hr provinco o f t h e fmnil::y i.u1d tho Btb.1..o to r oet1•a in the i pu.lsee o f thC' sexoc till tht- f ull .matn:rj t lr 0 1' t h r.:i p{'nmn iP e1.chi ov f!cl. e nr ly mu.rritt{;;eB nr e 1hc• bc ~d, men.ne ol <'onsorvint. v irt ne . Then :rn th" mean- t i me . ,.. rh! lo sophicol t:;yctor.D of m~ ucrnt ion , l r•udin0 thn mind en cl monti - ment e a n d bo u;v in t o ~g1:ooebl0 chrumels of' inno cont pl casuro , i i:i the h i ghost coni,--:orvut ive 1n f l u tJnce . _;3pc oi a lly mut1 t v:o deprec,~to our fooltf.oh ,c hil d1· rm I s p.-atio s. .;.nd the ~morica.i, cuat~ozri of h avini::, chil dron 0ntcr f-loc i ety i:n o{.rli os1: ycuth . ~ or o f th i c comoz ~ c1ovelopmf\nt of tho p ansi ons bcfo:-cc the int· llcctual aIJd rihy~ ic~l mv.tt,.rity of' the p~;rson ~ '.:hor A ~.ro :now in i::omc o !' theso Stnt"'F moro divorcee th?":n in eny other e:ivilized commun ities on c~rth . f.nd the ~o.tholic r oli {!'i on has i tP '.?.'r ~tt"'ot strength ·occnurrn of i tf- con- servo:t i vr in f J u.e nce upon tho f arnily; TJ;hi <ih i s the b llno o :r a.11 c-ivi liz~tion. t hc.v0 hud l f' r gc nJr-por::i. n<l o oi ohserveti on in thi s rega rd: ,.ind sny , vri th1n1t f'ofl:r o f contradi ction, 1:h.:..t orportunity i s t he mo st f a.ttd t o thr- virtl.w o f tht<t eexos . Jm:!t nov· t 'h o rage i n th e l n.rte c i t tos is foT women to ~e..r1---y th ,. , i r co.:ichm(m! a lon{~ \·.- it}t t}1rir- coachmf'n ! l a ttilly , n l ady WH$ · ell . then . th~~Y must not bo l o f't ~ue:rY .r:t~oA c1.re common wi th levers.; and. , clruggod in not bo o the:r.wisc• EiChieved ! o± -r.neoc Ol'l l1u t I ',fto:r marriage in '=iusci A., \1 ~..n dor :.1~ 1 ibe:rty i.t,llowod; '.lliOro 1 nan i s hciro . umon i; me.ny nu t i on s • I DX'l of ,.111 1· i c n0 , when h er ruin could from my rwr:rati vo . fl l sc..-;horo i:n ~~ope . thor~ i s mor·o .',ftcr v1i'U.Ch cnq?ori o:nca in tho world , inclinod t o lrnl i o vo that chastity i r.1 vory e qua.11;:,r a11urod uy a ll; tmd thl)t thol'G in more vi rtuo in 1111 -than is l i g htl y allowt>-a . .._7cVP.rl,tol cP.s , whe.co l~u.•30 r~rn1i os exist , as in ~cGie. • whoro int..rr:ta·>o would 1'.>c Wiry pra,c rr i ou H iu it::, domost i c enjoyment, us troope movo o fton, ,mo w:l.t.hou-t ~h,, m011nr-.; o t· t r ~,n sporti ng ,,,;omen, l i q i ~ a ro v ol'y comroon; n,a ii i s J1ot tl1oueht c1 i nor od i tnblo to he.vo u r:dni:J'.'oss. ill ih~t is require,, it'! to keep up tho propi-iotios 1 ....airl never to ha.vo u s cene . '.l'hoso g irls are ofton P>.e t ruC1 , or P.Von more truo , than wives thomsch r0s . ex.cuso for " or , i n coneequ0ncc o r tnfld"1 - znt.1tohos , t ho re i s an oa~y 1 he wanao:rine o f tho a ffeic · ions o f the doomod 1,1.rtios; un d �- 499 - '\.hey -::,rn very toler ant o £' ea.ch o'thor . In -:.zu sai nn ci t i cs then1 ,....,.,J asyl urno f'oi· ini'a.nts . ~ht1 chil o:r.en a ro put i nto tho h:?.nd.:~ of tht1 f' !':ll,lo suparil'lt.<mdcmt,3 .:ind Int.d,rons , no qu est i ons boin.:; usked; 4rtd nu.rrtbt''rs :;.1•0 1.., i von , in cuao tlio IJ~ ontH should bo di spo eed to rocoBor. th0 chila ~t o:ny tine . from u duy old .;.1.n d up\'J:l..Td • --••* 111 • • Tllrso inf'Dllts, ar~ kop1. o.t the p ublio o:iq,E'nse til l they a.ro of n i,.:m.itoblo ~~:o 1.o pu t cut to service; when -t.hoy r.;o i nto t .n "l rn1:uJs of riooioty Hga i111.. r,u.1 t.hjs is ~ in ~t . •'0torsburg und '.k>Hcow. of illPgit :lmc.cy ; f or , F:O rthoy gen 0rt-tlly ~mount to tho1).Bdnils hy no metil'l s , tm 0-vioenoo fa1· clLS I coul ri l<:it•.1:n ,. n o t ()tl l Y tho :pes.Rflnte , b ut \•10men i n h i e:;'h life. '-Yho eo !)C'!Cuni :1ry circurriet ances wore 3roa-t 1Y r edu('ed , uvail thcms0lvE'ls of tho ch ~noc to p11t thoi :r burdens upo:n t,he :-::ts.t<' . .,...ying... i n clpartmont ~ LU'(? offectP o f thi s in13t i tut i on I I c'.ilso provided . :mi ,,.ftor soeinc:; a l l ~.ho c1 ,.,c.:r.ly of th0 oni11ion 1Ji~it ::i.t i s a. wi PI<' ch J.ritabl o 1·ame1:1y hi p tu·t for on~ o:t tho e-roat ost evil s of civilizat ion . ·,bo can i mu.zin o th o woo that f'ol lo wf:1 o.n unhappy .fre.ilty, v,hen no nmny ~·omon oommt t s11.i oiuo , r :aa 1,hrow t.hFJj_J~ newJ.y- 001."n infc.:nta into s.na S0\'1 ere and ri vors l'..l'ld tt.<:.1 SN-l enjoy compo.1·0.tivc hllJJpinE'll:.B , :'Lf tnoi1· f ir st indi ~c1·ot10.n c11d not driv0 them into irn.bi1.un l in~ar~r and d<rnpair! ~·ho b allet of :\USr-iri b el ongs 'i,o Urn i.opartm.cnt of ,.,he~t,1rs , whi oh i ~ o. rogu.l ar rr,ini st:ry . :rrom thoso infl,,!)t o.syluns tl:o mo st porfoot f o l'.'ms arc s ol c-cted -fo :t ~ h('• bnllDt ; whorr. they recoivo & VFlry &"'Cod edu.cr.:1t1.on I ospec-i.ally in r..11 tl1~t i raprovos the t Hato f or t.he ' benu·L iful in dross , .flowers . <:>rnan1ontd•ion , c::.nd a ll tha t. ono -.11y a CQUu.i n tea wi t b p"hysiot noruy vri 11 so~ -t:}rn.t r.it:tnY o:f' those b alle t - e::trl s nnd boys o:ro o f noble zonenlo1~-Y . ~!'I e 1 •..rgost theater in f t . bu.rg :t-;; nev otod -t;o th t~ c,pf•rt~ , w1d ·thG b o.llc t v ul s . ~ 0 oters - a nd ccnoor. s . ,d, inte1·- ~'ho b a llot i s no ·L ofte:ri uttendod by the l $.d i cs o f the hii:;hor nob i l i ty : but Bont l on1on o f e v ory ao-cicty c.u·c fo n d o f tho b s.llot . i.mperor g-o <rn -o :ft<Hl; thou[) l ho ~its in £1. privnto box un ob sor-vcd . best i nstruotors in 11.U'"Ope aro employed in t o aching the cl t-. .noera . The Tho �- 500 - l ~nci ~lious in th£' lo ust ie ever allowed; unr1 . •;;1th roe·1 ,u •os No th1n which · ·ou.l u m,•ike .L'lnrinhn woM,1n 1'lush to t he vo~,1 h ,dr, :, bi.;i.11.et- LJJJ g irl ·,•dll wce,1r ihe faC':c o f innoconc<" nna unr.on Pdou r;n o3:i wJ1 ich r.rlr:ht b o c, J.lo, ,-,nc;alic. nccu ctomn th<1m to +11~1::- prof'cssion . d i ng:rn.coful n et nt othf"r t i ~"ln o. '"o a worn~n , in ...11 e:nt1n tri0f . :::o ru~h urc- wo 1 h,., c re£d n:ros of C'Ust- ol'!'I ~.nr'l f u shi .on . ""'}1r-i b ·dln1 in gnn or nlly a mi mic molo - c'l.r wnbi. , \'ihcrc 1 h" .coeul -?.r plot :I. A .~avnnc13d by Ai.:;n s m1<l n ot ion? , i ntorminr;lol'.! with clu.ncoa ~.nd poses . cs ea sily 'J.Ildcrntoo ~ os -~ho b r..J.lot- flci;,n t r.; if' pr"?)1.,,red or do . · t e r'ln~. n:q>onae , mil t h o boot !:?'°t istn ~rr cr:1pl o:.rcd in 1ho doco:r?1...t ion f or r,. sin;;l o ba llot . ~·ho 'bd.nd i o CC'U~l in .:,<1;oc ll<'nco to i h:-•.' o ... tho opcro. , ~un L -. g,mc:r~lly th11 fumo . bo~t cint;ers and a c , ors; mu . w.hil •·t l m:n t1i.~ro , ~ntti ·n1d .ucca, tilld are not rocoivcii in tho firAt oooh.l c i rclon in · .ucsj n ; "nd , ovon '171h on cnr;egod fo r privato concortu , ~hoy arn k0p-'- a sopo.r utC' c~ru3c . :rt.rllk" r::w.y !llso t!c, ·r:1 th pro-pri ety . 3ut j n Jot ove n ·,"1:t,1,i , cfto r n ho W"trr ieJ the ~t1.rguit1 <1 e Cau.""t , ·.?as r nc nivod at court . 1 h L-:1 honr d Pat.ti sing· " Comin ' "hro• t,ho r"J0 , n ~na o t:.l',r ~cotoh s e ll 1 3111ts to no war ... 1:1:lo 6.,~no ln nv nr!1 l t nd , 1 callo l'l u11on , und 1 i.Old h i 1~ of r'f\J ourlior uaquu.intrmco ·, :l .-,h h"T , t llrou.~h ''tra,1, osoh . 'hon th0 ',turquis r eturn ,d mo .ll0i'7 t r !lY.OO ,_ C. h h a ...~ ;I 1•1.;'1 C.h OC..:.+A ' d -:init , h n hil!.; OU i . p l o tF""•lY r1iecnstoc1 ·vith hi m; 1.,,:ad ! fi n ully left hiv; , ~nd ~ot !:l. rrtl rt.'.: inod no ~t . ' G {' -D.1, 'D Q_ 1 WD.e YJQi (') ,,i h tollil\:, 4 .. . I .rnings. I wua co'T!l- r1t ul l rmrpr i sod thu"i ~he divo r ce , h•ivin..., f ound out t o h or so rrow th .t nobl eneos o f soul rloAs not nl -;-;nys go with nobility or blood . �- 501 - I 'TJi:i.e opert ut ii:, P!.ltti ' n bo , whon ct_o rnn<l t\ hor f lr~t st. ?P1;orobiire . The P.tu-·sh :ns urn .p1-101).rP...ncc in v rir proud pooplo . •nd wPre no I ·,nilling to t ~~'k n -rat tits r-ine j n: on the docieion o ~· o·fi:h.1re; ao thriy v:-ithh,:ild for some t.i·':lr, t h i r ur pl.~iuno . .~t l agt . how.:-vnr, (who cou.l a. do othorwiso·~) 1hi;y burst. out i;nto 1.h r:ir u.su:il el'ltlms:ttt.srn , ?n.tti returnod t0 h or box hi0 hl,v ,.,:::--:eitod ,,.nd erai 1i'iad . \7hen p l omrnd . I bcg!Ul to make a n cx1.,L ..n tion of 1 ho t-ippcir ,,nt t'Oldncs.:-, -.~ith · hicll .ahe "i'Hk o.t f i !"st roc.:- ivcd. intP:ndinf., by t hn.t t C1 nXtlBB:err:.t.o her Buccnse, but sho i ntorr..tptod !'lo by s~yint..," ; "Oh ! you th oy :ro c oi-v d"' mo >r undly! ., al"'(-) mi ot~tlccn ~ I thi:ruc so T ".,1-tou ~/ht she wd.A . il.1 bor1t . })111; ·, " vo:i. , et lJl"O"t_~r~ nihi l " - - <,;.TI{I ,}ic\ no1. think i'tl.rth~r flPOil~d 0'1 ild axplt.,.ll1.!.tion -:10:rth t h o onndlo, i stori , the tr-Jgodi u, , r.ctoc1 &.t of th n firct nin,._,c rs, . . i.ctore , ~..n, :t. dt,!lC~":'s :"'ot ,-rsburg. o:f rrrJ ti ' 1tl , Ul"o s-on or ally mcchtmioal. , with fo., cxcn1>tions . big boy , but nCttural . flno Charlotte Cusl'J.m.ln wt.is ,lOjllUD . for '-l!lY uso , like a.$ ::r'or ci;:.ners OJ.o Bull wua but l:l d fin o s.i11,:_. or. but a int,,llec1;u.al ~ 1'u.t too 1,or.1c!.y ~he s~ .le "11hA a:thi.tu:rtio n o:t tho stnt;o macle i ary ; but t h e .fact r omc, incd l the Ht~o V/\ l"'I- : ·110 an d thf> n ~h o dr1.ml: brt mdy 1 \,han I c1i n(-)cl 1,. i"ll he'l' • ·1raBoo.u. t~ J~zwy -:.11111 wr,.s not ,nly I J.rJler 1:.ttny necess- ':ho ,;mPrio,1n -r.-nm~m nov-, <>omi11:; ~:oT\'r nrd on n.c1on:.\ uri c: cpor ii- riDLcre ..,re bound to :;o to tho front , bcoi.'H~(' "1 tn ogu....l ti.::lont ,ma b ovlt"~y. -they .~:ro morG n o.turnl; ..w1e. pu.r i ty of cha r a cter is now t-rn:t'o in eiuch lifo . I H:j.wuys onjoyod t ho 0o oi 13ty o f int<"lloc.tut.l woman more -+ h ~in thut o f man . p l e J.Bfl5 iM rmic.."1 ; t how;-h she i1us gu:i to pl , ln in faer; !.J:ld pornon . I think tht3 f?·i ~n ds of .lJ.v;tho:tne v.- ill do vroll ger at ; iH'l ;.~ar5{...::.rnt !·'Ull cr +;o b o E'il~n t t~bout 1:.ti!'- i t r:ia;-,r t ur :.1 out th:it tho Co ·ont orP (1' Jsr-oli ", i ll be rcmor.ibor -- vcl wnon thn ...1,1t"ho:r of "..,ho ''Sc -;.rlot T,ottor'' i :-; f o r<.?'otton . gr oat poot s n.ffo otod to l t.r.ush at t lw $ootch plowmrm- r oet . :~s._".ly 01.' thr 0 .Burns , ho1-1ovor , Nill livo ,,hon they a ro r om0r,1bt:rrod no moro. I i'ou.nd Fanny Kombl o u fi11e wom,u:i 1n _person , aa we ll ns i ntclloct . I vcnturo to eubjo·in a churt.ctori otio let ter . no t rooro �- 502 ... pereonal , perhaps , th~n eanorio in womn.n',~ titct , acquaintance in Cincinnati. :t s1,pond , ~,l}JO , t! I h11r1 xnadl' her l atte? f:ruM the B....ronesf -,, ouiae .,Tomini , tho beautiful daw.5l1tor o .,, 1'3::n.' (11.l Jomini ~ yroc0iitor -to His Imperiul Ri Bhness , thc- (}r u.nd Duko !-7~r1tj.o:r . on th<? rc cepiiol'l of ,cy Albany n_pao ch , tUld wh i ah nnswa,rR ti't1n:ny .Krrnnle' s inquiry of • h1 ..t i::ih~ll Let-tar of F'anny KomblA. 3onton . '1'u?H1ay , 10. 1850. -~ do~r Sir : -- I &"Tl flu.tt ered hy your r omn~b-irinc; t·,,o , · n<i spuring leisure to t,ritc to me.. I huv·o :rocoi-vod tho "'{rl)lurJI" of you:r · ·ril incs t Wh i ch J Rh,.ill per:llSO Vii th w.l thr., interM:t due to ouch oubjoct , t:rn,1t~d by ono ·r.ho , liko ;yourself , has1 unaorco-rlo martyrd0l1 fo:t th:_; scJrc or w.hut .he h old the truth . r w~::1 H. lit iilo :, irpriaod :it your ca1·inc., to ht.4VO th'J like:noss of un ont1ro sl;runcnr; but . inucr:mch us the dac-u0rrotyp e JOrl;).•~dt- tako1· hL.d 3:etH..inoc1 0110 of my lik&.!ne6s , .illd coul ~ thE•re.fore mulii lply thcr'1 ind'oi'initely 1.1t h o:i:- !,l1Hn:rure , i: t1o not th:i.nk :l.t was I::iuch of u favor that you t:u-wod , or th ~t I _;:rt,J'l+ed . in ti1c.t t :n;:.m~action •. I rnwh incline, to you.i- v-it;rws o.f the 11 •·\i.ch1,s of boegl-'.1·t:~;" anc' , s.s soor1 ~~ the,y a:r.B 1i-u.ly uc,mittecl , shall ."l(lt ni-,otrt r~skiYJc., :f1nror1:; to tho :right ,-ma lo1"t. . /,t prec,:i0.n t I I clo 11ot --nueh dcc:l in rRqucsts ; fox· ! quite ~roe with you that the prico of <1sking is s. very hm~vy one t o pl'l.y f'or any thint; , !t i $ my llop(I n.nt purpoe"l to -vi~,it Cincim"l~ti ttglil.ill bofo.re I oloofi my public. cArr-or in th:T.M country, 1_rhich I in-Lr.m(l to c,o tili s spring . l vms chal"I!JE•c1 v:i tJ1 thr-: k indnJJS5 shown me hy I.he inhub i t r:u1tG. 1 WDs gro utly ~rie-voe th•-i1' my r.Tr~nsemonts d i<l not •:1.~imi t of rrrj. :rr.maining J.onger at that: tirr.r:; b11.t look f o:r..,;:F-1.·.t:d to :l'.'otun1il]e; ,.. when ·the beautiful beech woodf3, , ana thfl ~oft svie'.'~d bc:nelith th""1;1 , shall hffv"l~ 1mt on t heir f i rst fronh euii, of g r (~On a lt will give ·110 1,l N..sU.ro to tbi nk that l m..iy then ht.LVO s om, sot1sonB of int orc>eiu1·?0 ,. 5th you; au you, I :1•· huppy to say . lwvo 111ot thon.1.5Dt fit to consia e:r m.4'~ f.:.f, c.rnc of thos(l " v~ry cmperior'1 fame.lo oro.:ttRree of \vhO!!l mo11 :3houl J st,:lne. in a.wo , u;r·:i.: bnl:!.oYrJ mo , my ocar sir , your J'llU.Oh ob11e;od . Jle.nuy .Kemh l 0 . t,. ~.--- "'on ' t you :plo~.so sot i:-~bottt clovj. s i.n,g hO\.' to br~wr t1o,,n Ji;ha, wall "1.io whic:h you .-.nd othrre l:u-1v-G faii'ly dri von the r;outhRrn plw1tors? I pi'ty thoin as ·iuch as r hat e el uvcn:y . t;..nd th11.t is (m infinite qu~i.ntity. :Ct t1ocs not need rd,atesmon to :pro"c th,, l sl~1vory i s wro 11g ; but n eod st~1jes1ner1 to suggest whut : E'lhall bo done wtth j.1;. j t. docs ~t. ?~tc rsbiu•s:; • itn.:rch ~51 , 106-1 . Sir: - - .( i oel bo.2n d i,o ~ciknowl0cl:;c your rudihlo at.tc,n1,ion , 1t:nc tl.1.fank you .i.'or the p l ou.su.rc I hn.vt1 fountl in 1..h~ -porusul of your noble spooch.. l nood. not tell you lww I havo :felt the r,owor 0 f 211.ch TGUding to 'dnd1Q tho latent enthUL::;i~a..1 in 0v,1ry hu.man soul . Lot mo assure you th~t i.t, sha.Ll cvP-r be n rileilotint. r om11mlirc....nc.e to ha:ve :poroonally known 1..ho 6mthor . Yourc . s.ratcfully , ,..IOUiBG .Jornini. Tho c1iplomJ-tic! co1."'ps v.nd the .:11.srian o ffi ci v.l s f1re compollea to spend tho munmci~ neb.r '.it . :-,91,c, reburg . und tho Imperiul Court . / i.vct..ltl:ry �•. 50::$ - Gorman h na l ,;.rgo cotu'lt!jr- rnstdonoe no~ir i,;hc ":'oint . 11 a spent mu ch timn in f i shing . f rom E~ ". .fJO..:."ti<,n of :h,J ccttogo VJ[";.r woll- i'ttrnictiod rlith !.'lo\"/ors 3roon- houne, ~ind 1:ry cu.rr:lri.&o - bo:r.eu~ '"'""rs stabled ,,,it1: -ti.o li.na- peopl o of r.t. J'ntn,:reburg ; ~ili~ u c ,;,:.:,.l ,;ms c;ut !:ror<J th,, ri,to1· to thn fnnoo , "bout fi vo :foot higl, , only . se'.;),trtttocl -f,hc pJ·opcrty t und Ellowod the Wld oh- fogs m~r;-;t1dEn' f~ from r,:remi oe-e of of th" Jorm.s.n to rm1 er th( cotttt.gr: 3ro1mdP. . to prevent g~ttins loae:mr,r1t thcr.l'i !'or fu..ri,hc r (J~tr unco into the f ownnr. 1J1C? i101'n()r spo JrF-1 o f' them t,fJ b0in~ u1t ~·roy; ...,nd .)J.1 romombar the bo.;..1,ut1fnl l il1os w:.-th '<7Lich the-- !litHl opon1s , c.c:ncluding v;:i th- - ,hoso bones . unb1n-i~d on t.ho lonoly sllo xo , 1,o'Vouxine dogs ,."i.J□ d hnn5cy V1.1lt uros to:ro . '' )r• $0 T'luts.rch tells of hov.- i,ho G1·,:1oks u sed th,m1 for the protoction of e ven ttr znec. oit~acls . a petu1 ~...nt, wt:tchful torrior il'l thn oiin t-wilif~ht, r t:1 mo flt formidublo fo rce . et ;i.rt~e1: .ror thr-- r<Jt•·r of my Jno 1;JVcnine , ()1·ounds . ~na WrJ.:J 1.ook- fou:nd l a nd l!lid his fore - foot up1:>Il tho top rail• and l ooked me i n tho ~bout tl':.o l nr soet dog I ovor saw . ~{0 hed ovidently scon iod mo , tm.i v~as e1;udyins t h(> situat i on ., :i.'lrn no:,ct moment J h oar d the ang ry terrier 3rowl a t a sho r t a i ct ane.e ; I kn ew , .from lonr; oxpori cnoc wi th dogs , that , ti.no �- a.s soon 8.$ 1.,hc torricr fjQ4 - up • i,ho /hole t l'io ~-;0 1.u.d r~ru·rt, tJ:?.1: 1onco . C tiJ',10 I h.:-~d no 17;oap,:m 7,hL.t.ovor . dl'ld b0 upon mo . run soowc<l u l i ke filto . But I 1oi..a,o u.r my mnd lo to chunco for f'!1r ther h olp . I v:e.s a'bou.t 0110 It oro.clrncl liko my club • . .-,i th a !l b. l'l.!.tl ~t once . trti.nting '..bou.t ru;.lf ·r:a:;r ., in n uob.r~ Eihtk<9 , ~ind b1·oko i t with r g iant's offc·et . p i s tol. ~'ho dogs vroro n9urly ttpon me , ··,hon, r.::w:i.!'.ging v;ild eoromn ,: na vancod nrori them lik"" lighi.:ning. who I was, o·r \7h~.i. oueht to b,,:, aono. cottage . p i stol in hn.nrl ; but 1 WRr. In safo . nomont more l was i!l ...i. I f~llV, th 0 tho syr 011 v·oicoa of tho bf.lau~;ifnl my do~o no i:norc . no mo1~0 !:':t iiwiJ.i t>'h t hour did 1 locik upon tho p ..1:rk of the cwrny to Tt v,aa ':''hay :'lod; not y 0t h~vin[, l'tiJ.ly de :,;":rmined t oo ~-iucll f or t11c5. r 0011rage. n or liston to hundrod y,ir<.tr: from the cottb.l.30; but hz..:.d l i ttle hopn o:f roHch.in:::; it- lil t.c - hodge . J saw 1u1a To t' t ,-Dcl , ws.s death.; ~~or.1011 oi . nd t utchtw.n ; his r.ous0hold! rho so onoan:p • i.n the cu.r~ar , on go:nor::.lly about f i fty thousand men. 1 tho hie;h 3roundn of tho nove, . bc1:woon st • .~ ct0rsb,1rg ~ma 'Pvii,~d.wff' , where thcr0 i s ciu i te I¾ vil lt¾;O ( Ro11tch& ..net 1:rJ.snotS Sc .lo) ; b ~llat ,.tn d the musi cal bv..nd acciomp.:.... -.'ly -';hnr!'l. ill)(: the Tnr::.7 l'll..vc .ileo ~ 1·aoe- b.·ack , tmd o thr.n~ :neuno oi amu semen t , i:ro.ch L~s 6~?.:th0.ri11cs in th~ crovl~ , '.;i1;h u pl,.rtfo:rrn for C.ancin3 ut nicht . v:hcn tho11Sc.ntlE o: 1...mpc 1"rc hung to t h e l ilnba 01 the t :ree-0 ; thnB pro dn.odnz ~.. "l,nry picturesque eff'ect .. One n i ght tho ~.'lpe ror v7C.S: prcson1. ,.t tho dance., wher e but little coremony is obscrvod . and 11.l l vroro gny. llnd Wll.';} 0tundin3 in the crowd l ook:in,:; Tho ~ peror na.d b uon d&ncing 011 . when un irmnense :riU.mbo:r of coup l es war$ ,. in an old- :faI-'ilii on cotill io n. '' cwineine- (:o.r.nl'!:ts . H pcT'SOlis . The J?rin cHHiB tc l ~o rouki w::is ds.ncing . us sho t urned to swine , :t:n pasnine· ri.rm.tn cl , slw <:1t once ,1.·ho \"ic.s hor partner. r:o I , v,ho tu.mod her , und. steppoR back ueain . it, h e Sc.id t o me : fl. .t.a deli ghtea., u.na I I knm'i her woJ.l ; ~uid , W.ill ~t ~ los s to ~...now not in the d,.moe at a J.l. No one but tho F:mpero r observi ng w"er o you duncing'?" l t1.dy .soornefi t o bo bewildorcd , Vd'l.:'1 :i'no CtP~!C I sai d , "No ; but tho young to h or r eli e f . 11 Tho 3mpe r or ; und ma.do eorno pl oc.s a nt r e jo inder . So , �( - fiQfi - a ft er '1.11 , 1 thougb:'~ .P:rino c ttn d l~c~s~n 'u aro ~he f ir st f umi lit1t1 o f ~nosic. en:ro l lo d 6,j!JODS the 11 . . 4"!,,..........................~ / - ........ - ~ ho -- honorr cl in h a vine- their dhug'hte:rs 8.l:"0 .9u.mc$ d' .b.onnou.:r 11 , Ih:Hll" '1,ogo-'i.hcr ov 0r ~ who compose • ,. t he - sui t e o f t he cJnJ,rosa , i?..-O d l i'Vfl in ,,ho p a l a c e , the -.ir i11 oesc J:o ohoa, I h ll.VG .:tl>OVO ullu dod . t-r.B part o f th<'- f,>.mi ly . 1t i s t:r,10 th!J.t S OlM prottd :nobles rofttljo 1.o:hi s honox; 1m.'11 ·U.1.oy 6 c-m r- r o.lly live ret i:rad on t:heir 001.~taa . J.n l.l ci'1ro li ttlc fo ·l· t.h c. guy0t i os or h onors o f t;hr con:r.;; . 1 0 tho un.:.on ,. i i1c ; and ► ti.,orefo1·c . duceo. ·,;o tho £:rincomq c,lhl ~v bu:si noss ,nm to pl oM.w . .. sho i 11vitud mo 1,o c al: Sun aay , n un.in:; tho hour , -..t tho ' :lnto.r- J?i"'..l uco. I \ioula call on her. ~- ,.;,.iltl ! was i ntro - "•- soe h er \;ilo n o:xt ;1'colint, honorod , ! SB.id So • u.t tho hour n ,...med. , l ontc:rod , in f ull unii'orn, / the .:;1·.tnd ..:;i;:.. irC..lSi1 11ou.r tho Hcr1~i'tt:i..-,;f1 , bcin 0 tz10 u i:..u.al p l 1 C.t' t or :::uosts. Tho '. i n tcr- P&,l ..we ox·trme .; • •,11th the lio rmitus<., w 1d R.OllH.1 o ther buildin 0 s use cl by tho c:.:ui to at court , tL,,o --thirds of a rail 0. a lont; tho Nev a . ;·.11e entra..vi cn horo \·:.ln n lonu di att..noe from tbo l eft oxtromi ty o f tho p tLl a ce 1 who.ro r ,- 1soovercd tl~"'t 't'b.(1 Princoss lH:1.d h er suito o f 1·ooms. :L h a lf' dozen li'l,01·iod aorvti.nts,. in im110:?:i:.., l arosf1 , were i:n wa itine . tl.lld riy OVt'lr- shoes • etc.; Vihilst tho ca rd - bea:ro:i.~ , or fo·nr rier - Port of f1. t-r,vunt-~our.~r.... on ,_~11 snfh or.rnasi one -- ,\l th e l a hor~ to droHe , oa tric11- foather a j_n hin h cad - dr~ns , t ook rny o pen 1:it~r:to ,d o ~ na took imM<'nse viaite . 11 Ho vme gone a long time; but eit l ength r Pturnea., ~...nti. asked me bo f ollow him. rso , l eavin£ ny chtierneur with the s0rv!mts below, I follo t;od. woi:n·in~ i1y l tn:·go i;i :ft- s wo:rd. I wus Tho :-,:u soi uns , en mo st ooc1:1sio na , b.1..¾:0 pri de in conduct i nts one through l1l~Y apu.r t r.ionts , whose uso ocl~ms t o bo only di spl ay, to soo tho owner ; L.nd , o f co1u·se . thf! p6 1:we was but an exa{~gcr ~ t io:n o f tho s o rooms an d cu stom. 1m0sod ovor acros of (l.purtment s . <,o H; seemed to me ths.t I ·. o 1mssod several squads of c11a.z--:-ds in f ull uni f orm \":'he , as I wore mil i t cl.1·y dross , !l.lwc.yo s ulutod m0 ns I �t o 1•cf'lt1ct, was T l""i~ht in uccc:pting her invit t:i t i on? '~ight i t no-t bn to n..c , i f r r1a r v jolt J.,ing ctiquotto , o f which l r1r-rn flni,iro1-y i ,..:norn.r1t? '{i ght not ..1.11 I h~rl ._;,).:i:or-o 1;it~1. U10 :;.'!lporor more th?'..tl lost hy rr:y i l l - 110 time d vi s it • ;,hJ. c:1 mi t.h"ii rH' almost t•sml"d e:111 u 1vont1:i.roY ,lt ~.d l cvon ts my s word • wh i c1~ was l1ouvy ut :i:r st , a e,omed to incl'.'(':),~ao i.n wright ! ·it l a st I irrri vr>d ,~t th.:- 1?:rinc,Hrn 1 0 r ooms , was u.ah erod in by -'~ 3r>r vrmt , .:tn d &cqv..u1ntFJ.nc ot1 1nti m£.tG v. ith tn() fwli ly . It; wc~s corttl.inl y mo ~ t h ut I 1,vtrn not ~lono ~ : or tjb.(; f i rs t t i me in my lifo • 1·cli t~i' to 1..1 'Ji i th ;1, But l :n ovol pl:i.3 ciny mo :n·, vi sits to tho mu.i da oi honor : vroroun ! cht-.lrmi ng Tho Vi cor oy of ono o J the ::;o v ~rnz:tul'l'LD o~ t1lis l vrr;o ..,mpiro . '.)rinotH~~ ;~ -~~~ 1~th(• ,lt, 1 _ .t., I ·wlta ;;iJ.cc acquaintAjl wit. t1~, ~ 4-t-&t.~...._ ._f-.(J .it' ~ U,t; younger n:1.1:tf'1• , wl,o -v.-~ 1101.c,tl l~eo.ut:i.or-J at st . , _go:rotiJn.· , ~~ ~ctci-sb'ID"~ ' " rc;Xti1 o 1-hn:r d i et i:ncu.i shet'l nui:.rni t..ns, at ...I b~Ll v, my hotise. "'hi1s1, r l!ltidc it c:. 1·u.1 0 to not . n d to stu dy P: V-er-y r~nk 1,..., :iu.ssi un $o c j_cty . T took pa irw 1io i1. sso ciu. t.P v, i tn t hr: lllos t. I'e_ptttuc l o , a.t l east with iiv· r:1O:.,t ~~;r cou.ble , of t b.u't <,l a.so . , nl r:;o:rou.'ki frunily • mul o Gnc. f.c mf(l e . .rnong tb os~ I remembQ1.. the i:h0 1\rino 0 \~L:1.dimi r Dolaor ouJd., 1 Governor- G0n or a1. of :.:oecow , v ...10 on o o f ·t:h c- most f i n j_ shod gen t l NtMn T .,.- e v er r.101 1n ony country . R0 , E:.S lit exi:irei~ad roy ..il powr➔rs in th.~t prov i noEJ r:c11 r.s m. .ny of h i s i'l,mi:L:7 . \WHO •~uch l'.!JS fr i ends. 1 vn::.s o ften wi th the 1-:0.v ldoffj3 , t he Jtpruxinr;;s , ·'uh~ ;ccucho l eff s , the , ount f troc.,1.~noff- t ho brother- in- l aw of ths •~rnparor . ,,:ho h tui mad,:, tt.o morcvna t io murri ago wi th the> GrWld. !uohess !1tn -y - - ;,mJ othors . m&1 i:n 7.u ssi a ; ancJ wa.s , t ogethcJ:- fo nd of h uvlne u. n 6"00d t i mG 11 - - 1ie \'/t¼.S tho f inest- looki11g i th Counts .1-\pr a.··•dno b.n d Kouch e lo f:r . ,,,hen vo v-'o Ul cl 11 not Do hohio t i ll mornin0 . " Co unt .Or loff cavido fi v,aa i:.il so of 'fino personal 1;rosen c o - - o f th o old - est-- f am tlios o f RU!3oi u - - al'.~e.yH dt gni!.iod; un d for a l on g t i r.io 1inst or �- 507 .. o:f 1 f'-r"lr1oni.c-1:< - f .. vory c:011:ii dc::1 :lal offiec• in Rluicill. houao , un~ one of th~ fjnout gallorjcr cf paintings in a woman o l' gr oat benuty; anc( l i s thut .f in" womtm \> 11 11 is ~ 5.,.1.,1~h tcr i - - □ Hid to thr} host: 11 1~10,1sc tell ~c ~-:110 "::hut . · 11ointint,. to no::c unmistakabl y . thH Princoss ,. Cl:!Silchico ff . of ::.:!a scow. " not su spect ·thct }·he as i s thr, cu etori:. Wlll1 one of ~;our f'unil y , I ·vi l l 1101.. s~ iJ. ho , ir,,, Cill , ' :.:hid rot r act .:.. "'°''(1 b'u.t .t fo une mysel f on th"' best of terms v. i th u.11 'the Davidof1-f~~rnily ·1 u.rine :my .,,11010 rcoi donc.o i:a quss i u • .; s:L rilnl' sto i·y ia to l 1 of r1ord :orth , of o-o:r : O'Volu-cio'!lu.ry timos , e oicl u 001trli8r to h i s lor~sh i JJ , a uid the court :i.or . r1but 11 1'.h,d, in rrzy ,. i .i'c ! '1 thn Jior:ldLd -"iO!nun. .nnKt to hor?'' 1 :)h; not sho . 1 1 11 ~'. hut , 11 0i 1 i'0J11icd C0'!.11'!30 , 11 privila:;o?" '.l.'h~ c l u b s o f --:ussi 1.l- i--mb :r,"l<rn AVf">.('J <.,l ue:1 of Boci cty , from tho i.ie;h- mombo:r of evo:ry cl ub i n Cronstadt . :-:ot . B1Jing 11.l. onn in rnto1 sbnr g , •rn wo ll t1.s tho .r:..1v r.1.l Ul ub , "1.t nw homo , '.:rr~ . Cl.Jy havi n 0 , orJ t1ccount o f b ad hea lth, :rotur:o od t o ',mcri ca in 1 €1 62 , :r :.;.1•vmt mu ch t i r.-io in th o so clubs , g oing from on ~ 1 o d.-l'lothor o f ten 1n th~ :1,w.o nii;ht , wh ero I could aoe a lmo s t ·tho wholo o f :ru.ssi an oo o1city , B~.copt tho l.:,-{1 i eo of t h e h t cl10st �u8 - m· sh:.d t th o., ·Ofl •.. u int :o Jlub, -· '' n~o 1 • & ., H " in 'ht so · . ... 0:. r, ,t C:t ·• 1 . to Ot..St me ~oo 1 'b e •• e ; on G- I . ,:, i..1.1 " rl .,•' • 'V (': in ,nid· 0 0 -?. 3 -'' ·-· co '.J... .. . ~ • i . i C">"' t 11. : ') in .., • n •: . l'J.. -tf! in ~t • 0 t di ncr I t~ r•t, ",, 1 ,h '! . ~ • b orr -1·"' . '.i 0 int· ' 'N r . $ o .. ,1 Cl10 llo 1ed ·lu . ., Q in t urn , by ' '1 ~ 0 . ., i ')}l ~ · .... uO ". ct 1 t en. o .i ico . s 1 0 o d t>- • t f' .n o I utta 0 uh , l i y ch,., '. i .h no1· :h.i. 1 '"' 0 f 0 ·' 80 hOU.(~ht . i ch I n .uc:mo inJ U r.!' ♦ __,li eh ... J_;CE, C l ti~oe (' 1 We~ l,: "hov ·h , 'l1 mu t;:i c , Mlr~i ~l - ,, n J. il~ c.,".l'. ·1t y - n n, 0 1' end y r t. 0 - n :Ov - 0 ... ...,J ..._ •r :n .:i ,,oolos i o 1 I pc · li f o o ff i in Fox h nor a_ . i...J.dt. to n. . o..;co., n lub '• ! ,-:h t~r" • UJ'II Jr,!. I •o 1o ' . 0 11 in cl ·t tJ i r f; r I vc l i n t:1:• r: u.bu:. b .. -.°' . e _t :'O d l . ~11 0 ' I n p,· rr1 I,; 0 • J" tc, so11. · , "':h< 1, o ont l'T' .,_ ,. Oz or. ,., 1t. no C th ., . . C', ( r ,,,. J T t C mo can il o w s .evo. , .. h ~u.1- o· 11i s t'lO 0 "D -uro ' tbj s ol' l ci,t('l r Zl , GOU r.·hc .,. . loc o5 r 7 d, in l et 1l th o 0 TI..:i. t.: . C h •r t ' () Ul ~ grernt ion ~· 0 C 1 ic Sc • in :t(-l d 0 t 1.o "A rt , • n cl rs e m <:11 h h. ·, '·i • ··nc of ·- rd -i r!O :; ( to co p. . i :} .i in"uro o.u .,,,, f ,·r,ittl ol iliz::1.tion . r, .1: :.i.n he of ·ome on ly ~ <; :i.ns th OUt;h the to .h b e 1 oke nur 0 y of fu ,u ~o ·val pr V 0 cion · Inh. 0 { f'xo o i' t ~1 .. ,, ,h i (.h (! 0 ·, ha :'l o.r !] n 1:o ~VT.. ,0 -.- td O&{ U) _IJ.,. rivul : uoco full ·t ri t i • l ~or.i co 11r i sod ~orn &.ve en b • �- 50<J - Upon thi t:i ri vor, about t'.'1onty r:r.ilon frow ito ui1ion with tha b uy :1.t Cr onstRdt , 1.10 t 0!' bcg,..m tbo p1~a20:nt <dty in l '70~ . .ooth ~id es bain3 \ flat ·ma awa.mpy . :i:dlos WF",re driven for thl'? f'c.nmdt➔ t ions , u.llr.t cunt, l~ -r;ero cut Avnry- · 1hcr e ~'or n a vigc..t ion £.md wnter .:o r d.omos.tic purpo Lefl . The ci 1.y • \lith 1,hc o:xcopt ion of s ome o1' th ., c hu:rchec . ~>;hich nf1 oct atyi• the o r j entnl is com-pal'.~tttiv l~mo dor~ .- mr..i.clo of burrjt 'brio1r ~~ -t/...7 .tt•ttt.c a.- · ,- 9,~'ti. q . ~ .· ~/4,M.nt . l . . ~ /\eoificos . Ti 11 , h~ a.bout 8 o.~·oo i nhauitunta . ,,; i ·bh i,:.1rks 1 011,;n pla~aF :;'or 1.hn troors . v, inc und wcll- :puvou :;itr ootR , ..md i s no dou.bt the f:i.n cnt cit~r oi' th~ v,orld . 'Tho Nov,, , aft;)T on torinc thn e ity , b:rt....nch oc int o th" 'ti ttle at no~~r l;y ri nt c.n t:,les to i t • 1,hu.~ 1.,;i vin; the oyo e. long r.trot cn over _ l ~n;o pc~.. ior. of th" bunka on b o th cidoe i r: wt·~.l"'d the w ••tt:irs . even with thn do6cendine p l inu with 1·cd , run:..to ; v.lld . .;h~ t...<;J .. l UJJ ise ~(1 f«ll oi the stren,-n i s very 1i ti;lo on tho miwulled b (..Jlks , tho vogot .4t ion e;:rows to Lhc vcr.J w.::ters. ri'l<'l: vinws D,hy ,..,·h er<., to bo ooen. './hue wo huvo one o.i.' t h e :fine~t .:t thi c poi.nt 1 wL:;r e t} o c.1 ividod wuto1·s fo1·m a.n i sla..nd , ii.nJ r;hor, tho o l C: r.cvo. widoll6 ~lee into ;r._-,,ci pi·oportionl::3 , or.1 tlw :.:-ou th t nnk i;::ten6.s 1.ho intor- :;-'&le.co o:. tho (, z•. '11 nloni., tho soui:hEJrn ban?.: . on botil ai6os of tl10 Imperial rnoiclencCl, d.71:'El 11uil t wee lthy o f thf' 1 i tle d . ~1·istoc1·<'.i.cy . tr1c hou.:=e s 0 i ' tho most- not ab l o , .na :'..n <:l on the oppo s i te mt~inl'"ld _.nd isl a nd shores i s c. ma.Pis o f 1n1blio and prive.to build h'lOs , p....,1·:rn . t r oes , shrubbery t ~na f lOWf:J'.'S • The p ::.lt CfJ i o c i ...;ht:; feot hicrh , ..~i:Hl .fo1u· ·storiefl in olovnt i on; to~0thor with th 1 Pnnni t i-0 o, the r.hole ri vo1· rront i s 9 70 .foet , 11y about :;50 in dopth. 1.~he mo~t i m!'osin~ in on '·ho 0011th j 1i10 1,>rincip~l fron1; ~ i do of ~.ho r:ormitne;o . Thi:: in u. porch , or v osti blllC' , of groat pr otensiono , be i nt:; s11pportod by 1;011 male fieuros twenty- t wo foot h i zh , with t hc i :r :podcatL..ls of g r uy e r anite, i n trtoa(: o f -:..he u sual c: r-J <-itidoa.. the , lformi t&~gc ..,.,..,.,, ,;mnn+ Q are l!"+.t! i · 11f\R In tho r11uny gall o.1.•ies of about 4 , 0~0 11a.intin6G , \?i th a l l the u eu ~ l .iCCom- n n 1:t.erv. module . v ssos • jewelry t c..nd ull tha t ; �·- 510 - tbe g roat d i ~ o:na, the )xloff , boing· on,· of thorn. is s~de to be · b.'.'! l a.rec st ~md mo st valu:..hlo onn known. "rho ">rinoosa T,uB'l11•1r (·.~P....i-:-~lo - ~01)hi o - 1•tr0<1 - 1 ucntu·; ) '.vn~ l,o rn :lovombor 26 , 1 853 , b e ing the fou1~1,h child of ,.. h:rietia.n . :in~ of r pnn1t1.rk. 1 ·he vms a.t f irst ai'fi t.i .nccd to Nichola s , J.exW1d rowi tz . 1.,Z.:;1.r\1i t:~; but , ha dying b cforo L]10 union , she wac ,:.,ffiunced to ,noxanc1!l:c ~1exJndro·1i.tz ,. th,.., noxt h(dr to tho throno , nm· ,lcxo:nder l l L Of oonrso, tf\e w1•dd ine wns r,uch t~~lkod of, :.1nc't trt'cnt pr<ip,.:.:rf..1,ions wero ID.b.de .. The• troops in and t.bou.t ·it . Pot~~r.ibu.rg wo-ro massed , •,na nbou.t f tfty thotHk1n<J o f arms wnro ;jftGrwct:ru J'cviewod .. Cro wn ...,rince of !'1 ussi« , 1 11 t .. '.I'J:rn 110st ,1 isti.nt,...-uisb.eo t,;ucste wore the r rodo:rick "illi am; the Prince of' "'11108 , of Great B:r1t1:1h1 ; ~.nci Prinoc C.eort::e, of' ronm.:.Lrk . brothQr o.f t:rw brid~, and afteri1~,:rd suco11eding 01.. to Hf-l ~:ing of Cr oo c 0 . ~·:nb SG (!110Htly he mc.:1.r1·ied t ll.e t r .:.nd Duohc trn 1Jlc...: Oonot tultinowa. sei<1 to bo the "DO!!: · bo,.nt- t i ful v,omnn i:n ul l the royal 1\.i. J'liliofl of '"'tlro pa ; ha1· mothr--r. •'l<."xunortt , ",:ife of Cr r....11d ";uke Con~tv ntin o , of the ,.,rd.nil Duchy o f Baden , h vine; been t'(lao •;. celobro.tea hoauty. Our ~inist. 01~ +o OrNH.~e -;,•us so l t.nrish of her praisos thv.t ou:t· rou.n dhe•... l1 ,ong 1~otit , I b oli Avc> , l';i.b-0 lip;hed tn.e mii:rniol'J . Hcl 1;11ey aeon Clg& thcmsol vae , I ao not think that even thoy would ha,;0 done so foolisi'i. u thint:']:h ,)rc wc:ro present , a lso . the - mbas(~ci.60:rs o f ,:.n~l ano , ~•r 5.nce 1-:nd £po.in; .. ho •,dni s l~e:rs -,1enipot 0:nti~ry from the othor f irst p owers, ~ma some l'<"1n·nmrnt a tives o f tho 1H.\ !'1'> £irous n '.l.'i. ions of : sia. Thero woro ot or d iati:ngu i s1led t/tteats . besic1oe tnc nobles of Russia. 1 ' O:nly to tho kin2,s th it wcro to bor- v,es t h o dlplomatj_c corps prosi;n:itoci.. :ihr coromony took :pl ..-.co i.:n ono o .f the olo0 ant h a lls o f the inter -P~1li-:ce; tho pr incoa ontcring one by one into thn room whero the diplona tos wero urranged in l:i.ti o , ticcordins to -runk un c1 seniority -?rincc Go :rtch:icow o ff'i cio.ting. I do no t no·,;, r emflmbcr whot waa ss i i'i to me. so lonE ago ; but I h&ve yet vivid i mprossi ona of tho pr inces. Frodcrick ~ of' Ge rmany , wns f irst intro<iuc ed , I 1-Jupposo on a ccount of bei ng· the h e.ir- appe.rent to the -m1pir0 - - Disraeli not having then added t ho t i tl e of ~~mnress o f I ·nd i !¼ t o tho .Bri t i sh Cr own . He was over �- 5 11 - six f <..,ot h i g11 , LJli Bht :in .:fi ~ r,~ !'or u Gf'l-rrrtv.i.n; bn i: firm , hoe l thy. and d i gni:fi ed in h :ls po r son ttl pose, c-.nii bc~rine . a.f:fa.i. rs 1 ~·rho had i f_p:•ant v:ork to do , .-:na iW O Ee aeeune.:l to be o. m~n of pTep~u-od for the of fort . '!~ho Princ o o f · ::.l ns W6.s aJ1orte:r , stoutor 1 gnd o f ful l build . be "" ~i'h.ny wore bot11 blon as . ~lm who took tho 'll'lg10-u0rmtmia "he :Prince h&6 , :no Boubt ., o t ten r o..ia orlt'l 0ui3ily -- shrcwcl . but yo1, lull o f _12,o_nhoad e , .....__ t llut , whcl'l 11e s :iw mf.l , mt.:.ny s cm:ioe of our n ~ ivo :..rnl 01•ig itwl lj fe pM1Sed yout1g noblr•t~ ::.n il lhe ~.rmy offioe.,...f' o i' st . 'Peter sbu..t"&; &..nd. irprinoe F&.l" In R1.rnsit.i the t-;h0lo rcopl(,l m·o ~i vtdcd int o c l ass~": i mperiol c l u ;.rn , ihon 1hG nobj_l:lty , thon thn o.rnzy , thrm, peti t13-~1ob~eose, thon thG m.nr ofantilc c u ilds , ai;c . b,:.lls a::.:o !dV\)n each y(-wr , 1o f.rh '.ich thous~1ds 11.1·0 l'i.rst. t hFJ .r be liev e. the f'. tatE: ~~n d i r1peric!.l 11 inot:}o h.:i.-ve tht:.' cntr<.fo, whon 11 s ur,iw rnd , but fow o ~ tl!o:'l d.1tcc ; <md , 1 SU.i_Tpose , etiquette g ovorri s hc:fo in this ..ia c lsaw-hG,ro . t ho h 1,:.;nest claseos i:nvitod . .,.,ho _,;utropolita.n of f:t • .Pc,te:r.aou.rg , s erv ice h(.,.d t.i!:J j tho ir.rovooab:. o knot , tho Lu tho:t·un Church o f Dontn,.a·k , i?J e.nother ~i,p&rtrno.nt , :-t.•epcw.tc ~ the ccl:cmonic.:.t. , ,~o as to st-..t i l?.fy oonnci rmccE of u ll pa:ctie;;;. ➔,ho ,_,·1 0 l'lr:1:oeooB l~ugm~..r , who Vie-:f: boa u t iful , o f. ::n-~tho r peti tE•. but full 1)01·so:n , ,, i th l t1rr;.::i . dark 0yes 1.u1 d pro f use bl a ck t ~nted 1.i.n t1 h appy . Her hu sba.nd ( tho p1·0son t Cza r , ) was ser i ous an o e nr - nGst 1 as he a l ways was , 9.Ild seemo d to be very much in love, aa he ha d a richt , to b e . ~he vme wo rthy of 0.ll h i e :affect ion; rtn n i i, h.s.o bc on s o.i n , 1 c1on.b t not , wi th t1.11t h y t hat , auto cra t us :ho i s , ho has a l wll.ys boon �2 - f t o .o h i, m·,. ri......· ~.'hi · h v·.:rt.l.r ": t ~ t11 i tl orr \\ fi.:· er 1_; ·ii. li f ., rr . flo r • f VO us < t". wn f ' il : th ,v ., .fc. .'O!' 2.l.'H .m hor !lil • i .. l'or ' st ~ ,. r1-l t.h. ·.. r ~- no l,L o re h u· ~ ' na ~ i _; r1.- :JilC~ l'! ~ b.r .....101:' c- om, .Li u ....:r:in ,. oh Jn ,line r ! Yli . J. .I. .:n mo"Q' (j.(J t'l . t ,•.n t.:1' . t c . v.h 1- b .h l,'(c) nvo:r m:,on; j:"b .... ;princo: ~m:J r, u. • to 'h ,Yt 11 i )1.. o "' d ok l r;ov. ero i o ·· · h, i .n t thout •.J'.l . n l1-: n -- 0 0 1 t-s , pol t s, 0-ininr, P" o. .fa ., i G 7 ig novi} CH""' th , _nf )or i u l o. "Jon he in't r-: oi h .t•it l. 01.'l.1, . ic :uc '1 ' . d Vario ty '~ .:; t . ill! r' 11 t:,t 'l" • () ' o .t.i l e-Cl h in- ly:i• e h o i . :::nd ribbons at ;l i ko m .l'!l:) l o--... , no t~:.ro o l ti1m pc J (·l · .\'l - nr• ., m i. r, :; its in o:r: m--.l.n· n ·H; ' · th . u t ,. i ;~n dlt i • e , 'it. ".1 ynu 1, i ·1a ; th. i , ks , snit- VI (t t' ~ 0 1. :i.n •lu 1) ~-, r o <' v t, · 11 i1,,... ~ r~o .;cry no ... '() ore oolor . na vr _J('!O])l ~ r,o ·- , . • !1. YI i 1J l ' .'f'..;.l -no 1 11 ti qu ··it :l i (' i · s .J. \'!'..J r nB:tct or tl C' , ,..,n i:r<"'l s< :t an ho11noF1 of i."') ...,_ u ·:.l , .nit,n ,• to r ionr-: 1 Dnt, . i . () '.b l 1 '(~ 1 ~ 1 11 :} i O'V"' :~ .,.. ., I } j ~r 7 c., ,uz· ,; lC ,.. to - ··• .. 0 cl. et I i :- 1. .r ( ~YB w P.i'l.11 colonn· d . • bly u , • .;. r ,. __.., · ritu u: . tr.c ;11·inth'.L , GI.. 11 , 1 f • 'o,•,-. ,, .... n ·,.yon. ··•• 0., r:i.isr. . 011 o ..lt ; >;1., 0 ' i l d hors or r •. ,h fn a .. ndon h r 11 i s - ooenc to r o~i nd :FJ . - - r, ., ... , • on tho 8 ,,h('l wid f~WC , i. t on dea nos · 11 n ul c 1 nd oom- coV fJ .d I pr iri as . T fo .~1 -e . come ru . in ·· lon · m ne ~ : n odo r of crnsho cl flov10rs e · n d t { ile 11 seen V t - c,1 lo-s from t h i :t~ f a t , t in · t11 f iery in tho n d t he �- 513 - u. · , .11 _ r, ·' t h1 . .t , .tn.: l' I, H· ro 1;h () . r f h :....c• inth n n 1 ,P t ~- . l:J!"' h.e:- ;:.Cnd a h · r:1 :-t d 0 i Mi • ri n UC , d t I} , ,. i . ti" P j 11 fr ~C ,..,r,_ il l n • OT net C Of CB. n lo ·tv .r , tl:ct c-,0 e. ~ , 1 1, oa ·h . 4 vl Ollk.in l'J r il n ·10'1.'t ,.. . of .' .n J. l T••ho l . ,.·l t ') _. th C .__ 1 .. h <" · n so ft0 o :n . ch ~-h w J? in.., . ht at bo ... 1ty o f 0 ornc b 0 h1 ... ro- Ul'! J: ., tr L s , Q f Uc - e . n., p .int n ·e ru. i st ., • t s ; fo nian n i f io ~ h h i ,_;. e 1b., 1 r n· h • o.t 11- no1· s into com i ; u •t <J \ i i:: l, ....... led. b 1 - t .n o _n tl in , ··t w ~ n :n b ,· t to ron ·,e .· ,O h ; 11 · :i n n -. u . l C VH C n wt,,. C /-:ITil .:, iV "~ - n •f' r-n •C ~ f ll o, u (1 - • It "' b ~~ ~· . -.-~ , en .... 1.1ch ",i m poet . ' lO .,O!"l:p O -J1 .r~ p • _nt · oh in"'J'~ l enl i hi: . ( . t 0' • L ... l no i . 1 0 ➔• d li e 1 .o , ' 1, . • r. i .· , · net y w r .i <. t t ,O ith i C -r;; ' h o p l ac => ·tllo C on., , n ·o ,, he il i 1 th ' .i t no i.· 'i ft'T fo ~ .. i .t'l ;ha ,,tit> . f; • r, . l. +.i ,o of mp ':11"" 0 :t VJ .r, >.u (i . !: 'Di tho-o )?1 al R•-,o o· B. 0 .(J fol i ..... s·' 1 s !0~<1 r t t uo s , :, .t .·o_ 1-- i"' al ., ""T l\ i· ◄ . l cr · .. _ '-- , h •1 l;, o i .F' ' t .t C ,r.n ,. i t1 rr 0 ol, orn to • ,l ( ! '•• our ~ t ion (' h .. ... t ~ I �CH ·rt.ETI 2) . crowdo;1 ; and . as tho ";,;irls n.ncl oyE:' h >...:vt' to ~it c lose 1,ogothcr, un dor .i"rom the pl a tfor:n . ~;bout .. orty ·'o<.~t hi •;h l in '..! ,·;. chnt,o i .n b1Jilt o f ~·oo ,, , J.lso nocoond i n;_; li:n,; to the r;rclUnd . s.i~- from f :i. :rty to on o hnndro <l ya1·da l ong ; •ma on i.-111·• bo ttomt, "'~nd s:ldcs ••ro J:)l acea riru:cs of :Le o. s l eds ,.)rr t11 cri occupied by one o r t•:;o; ne c.r "!4-t ~·1 . /I ~ P r. fa,rebu~r:: - t ..:n,1 fau1· y- thoy go l i l:-A ... ohot . :he-- nob11i t y . who s " r~111 ;-t . Totr-rsbu rg , 1... E'scrriblc '.i.'h n i ce- ir>A 1<<"<1P 1,hnm in , 0 1~ ~ cc«"h 1tftor:noon at the ".!.'o int ; 11 :,h ich lookr. out 1.iovm:rc1 Cronst adt. in 1·hr: irr.pr- ri!ll g round s of Ylilla ~i n lsl und ; wherr, f~inc• horsos :md onr r.i r.i,&0 1s ttrri ~hOl'"n , ·:i."rJ cl s ·, lut,.1t i ons mu.ac botwecn '.:'ho · '.?o jnt tr i s o. c...t.po , v:h oro t i<o bri:tllnla'IG o f tlw !-Tov a un i to .md wi d~n on.t i nto e. br oad v1crw t o 1r1t1.:i::·a t.h .... ·b<.1y of 0ronstadt . egrcodblo v.11 the i-~ummor rotmd ,• . :?ho eroun-os �- ~15 - <.ill t rrn ,,,·u:rm s oa.son. I it .broui3 1 iJ~T t ~i;hc f orgo t.ten i t . tnc I rn.<1 m1cl1 u r:10 .fo r :it • I h Jd ulmo r't 0nt i Tc2.y ~:o, aB I n~d 1)Ut r;hort and uniniport ant cor r esponc1ena e ·u·oto in :, r n,m c;-/v, trusti116 ,, i'o r. c,,rroct ncss ~ t o wi th ,;ortch~c~)l., t T ~ - ~ , .l ~ , !'!'."ff S tt ,l(:!10 i lli ':Ms , ·r.hon:: l took f rom ~1,ho No,;,; Yo r k -:v on i !lr· Por,t iiifl o stub lj.nhm£~n t t o ~ c c orri.t5!.tr'J me , 1:m,, -!: o ~ ch niy yo1m-;o r cJ1ilcl r 0n , _,,-.ti!:; i-~r: c lf, ,i! r on c.h. 5ei ro vie ,c1 1,ll !ny l nti:ers. B'·1I, , HJl nn l ;.\.t:> wo ll C'~!'?l~ back t o tho un:Uc tl St aton, 1 l aa-r:nea th~.t ·.:r . iumno1~ hRl! 11ren 1•~...ortine th~.t Gortch.-cc•, s·•i.d hE; m~1,1 re too cl ";";.-.Y ~Gli sh bet ·t,er Lhan :'hy ? r <ma/tl ri~ c wors t 1,~.rt of i t w~"Ju :ite tru.th. , 1ssia ; which , nevor tw vinr boci,n r ut into \':1·itine; <)r pr int . I n ovnr .---:Zn.ouebt 0 1 ;c,rLl1y of rio t:i.oe. ::;:;t'!!:G yec.:r.a b ofo -rr. h e c i. r.d , ii-: " iec-us s.:i.n-. t h ri se1,t lemF.-nt o f h i s ostut o , ;.tt·. Cl u.y s ~Li t1 t h at a bro tl1or- 1n- l aw. ss co exi=icut.o:r undo1~ h it:-1 i'n.i;he r ' r ., i 11 . h ud lo.~t ~ t;runt ftm d , f or ";hich h e ,_ ( Cl ay) ttC su:i:•vivo :i.· h.-.·1 qltiotly assumed t ho l cg ~l liabil i ty i mvo sod , to w.1v e h i s ni ~tor' s fc aline s , tho\J{:h not on e dolhtr o i' tho money had AVP '!' comn to h i s h tJtids. ;. fter the d i vi s ion o f h i s i-r,:mn i n i.ne life: ostatc in t wonty- tt:•o h undred 0 1:m '1 /'>Y' t't, Q O'l'Tll'l-nO- ');, ➔ o ~'h, 1 r1">'•o-n 'th~ -i1, r>nffl o ·f'-rn.Y•\ th" 'nl"l'Y' t: iti'll'I ( t~ P.rd �- f l6 - bl I h,.z.v t ~·,' . t.- t C illl.O r of t· ",011 .t "Pl~ '} llrt 3• 11 the G hut i •: ,O l . i ,., ,. .J L ,S :lL ,, r ri cirl u·' · · , ') h .om .o . ' \..n :i ch 1 l 1· ,r. · r e "'o bo · ·rr '3 r 1. j)O 1 p • m, s 1 on c' r-- ,r n s e r s ' 01 ro -" .1. ro ot , ud 0 ~ J.i:O .,r t _u s n· i .rtU i ·' 1 J r ol.Li 1:s ; or ..... . n c· i 1 -10 11 H1UTl w i., d , ) f Or d u.trl on_;n ·ii~-1 • , td t-e s11 a J. -- 1iot '.I. .e . ., ,;., • .S l ,.; o C ·, p s. O? i n ~ )Y sc--tl t y;c UC 1 C -···· i 'I, ·• •1y t ho l v ::1t . ,• t •. . a.i.!n to ,Toso fl B. -; ~ I • n pn d b I ,,.- Bl tho~ Du l · o o ~ .1rit. 1 i o 01 -:.:ono i ' 1 A, t tr. 0 r:· ; ,., ; 0 1:r t 0 l :i. s ·;i O\ ,ton (., 1 jo n ·- r ·.ock ffe:rcn '='c r~t o. th .b i n . •av W1iO f o rTnf;d • HS C.!.l.'L .CC JIY , 1 ,-., 1 t 0 ' ~t t fl till f ir w ~t .... i f' s i l on i ·a. 0, of ·. r . t "nc:o ln. tho re t on rev · pod in i o fu or ; 1n r th _ne , 0 , . i'in lo ' 1 idi , ...' so a 1in e p rt fr ,ewt.rv Of . r mini s i 1. ov ,1~.amE'!:n .-- "not . s he . u..r.,i a ffj. :r-k .1. h . ,P(;::rkin in r th •.t the cu ·· o .. l 1::, s i un ~u ni t 00 , 0 t i ,.1.t. . .,_;r .·: ni :,.,r · G I 0 ' th Ch - J. • b·t ~s • / Cr ,J P , 1. 0 l'.'" 1~0 Ul'B ,, ~. t j_ . .,, 0 . "oti,r~ tn1d, J::i in <' 11001 0 on in , 'l h h Hm 1 0 H d r;to • oul C1n l y l 0 I he no l1 0 0 ·d dorc .ood ')_t OOlP·i., t . 11 , ,M t it I I. 1 l i V(;ll' i. . i C VJ l rg d ' d no ,·h 0 i, 0 ... o t (1n 1U" o r~s f'n t,j.11 - ,th r to the a. l et;i i rn te �c l 1:1i m, b used en co:otract, on c1 BO pr1:s1:ntct1 .!...llcr. to the :~tts~-dt..n Govern - ment . made ou t o f whole clc th , I rc J11s1s-o ·o p:i:-onf'rtt it; a n,;, ~o \>''l'oto t:o 9ow..:rd . tdvine him the rNH?on. l ost rrry plac~o , ~1110 Wf,~ :;:_ih,, urshot o f tho 1'!k.'tte:r WD.s ·t1:1d.t, I roc,nllo<J, unar>r i ho f ? lfio P,t.::.t e1 r:nt ·1,0 Lincoln t hat I dosirc<i to rAtu..:tn h omo . f<"er, ·'>:rcr:idont I incoln' ::: l:-:tEJ-t,,.micnt, P. \'f-1,,:\1 this rinf' fcu gl 1 t mo if.1 1 ··...., chj.n f., ton. in r.on junc tion rd th t.ile a.bout 1867 , they ~ot Congress , OJr , r ; t .b.11r ~ the Hou·a o , to iIHJorzc tr.e t i me , no dou.:ht , pr0Jn1:rod i t i'or ~;.o r t ohnooY,; ' s eye. In the 100 ti.nti11le tho cluim h arl grown f'rNn thousands to 1nmorcds o f thou sand a , !!.:.u oil -~o my udtoni sri.mont, t.n a I v.t.\B :;.n lof,f-' h1.m,.or n-,-r; for i t o proaentment thun before; but ,i e~ 1 i•:,H'I noio, l e :ft ,,;1 Hlo ut r c.med.y , or s ttoh l'e(; t.tlci tr.'.lt i on as mi eht caiuio :r.i nco ln to r oc al.1 ma , r took thr.f do cumo:nt u.id h an ded it t o him closely. Gortchaoow. -~·ftor awhi lo "tihc vctins u.1.,on h i ~; i or ehc.1r-1d begun to S\";oll ; an d , ss h1::1 f i ni shed , ho To se ur, his cya~ flaahi ng wt t.h thtd, :,pcc11liu1:· Bl a nce , '\"1hicl1 belo ngs oxc l u s i vf!l:y• to th0 ~le.vie :r:rnc , 1:.:.na m~.iltinei; Eiev':Jr til qu i ck stop~ towui♦c! s ing le c opeck l ' 1 (Private. ) '' 1 ",ill ,::·o to war bcfol'n I will IJt1Y ~ Ho h o.n dec! the do cmnEm ts back , c-nd s ai d no mo:ro ; no r was moro necess ary 0 mo , s a id. : 0 t7TTF.P OF 1 / . H. S~ARD. bshinr;ton , ::.ueu st 8 , 1865 . �- 5lt, - :~ noc,.i.· ::r. CL ..:.y ; - - ~ ncon~:1i'ty fcrr. r. n o~c-~nion,•11 :rrJ::ii,i tc :i.: rom ·11ie 1-ibor;; oi' tht~ .... op,r-.,1".cn+- .:or t;il..-., ::cN,01i,:";" 0:!: q o,n hc1>-.l th, t•·ac. m:r (l.f:tor'ts to b:d:nt br~nk t ~ Ln h l oseL1.5 to my oerec.\.vod hn., .so:-olJ- cJi;r·i.e:l'.l•,"n c1'hi l 1:•r'n , L1::?"0 ,·11c ,J;; in rr:tt1rn t~ inovitdblo J.CCit!:ul e 1· ion ot busi11ofl1: of'uo:nti:.,l to th<1 rcrn~,Ot<tio:n 01 r,eace, .mr rrL.z:.y tc.o~:ht~ "o:r "~h.., 0,.,uni r:- .. In 1hi i-, • --ne:i:l.ion of thin.:-;ti , I Hlll obli .c;o~· -to ~.s:t-- ry fri enl,<:: to et.C"Fl:pt inthtLd ion~ oi my e;r& titnde, cno scmsibili r.y , r. t110-r th...n f ull oxp1·"'c8ions of the-a<~ sent.:hn<:mts • .:.n th "Y _.1'0:1 u.WttkntHrn 1;y l c1,to:ro so full or gonf:ro s i ty ana. 1;.f:tccti on , ri~ ~ho ce ,hi cl1 ymt ~.n d ,...ll our r n}')r oscntt,i.t tvoB l!.1)ro1tt hti"'v(-) ,.1ri t·ton "o me. e" f:',n,u.rot1 . rr.:y dc.ir t. i:c , -nlwt, eve1·:· line of 1r.oAI.) J n ttn·ef! sin:r.~ ooop in t.o -;:zy ho<J.rt • ..nd ,viJ 1 tho1·0 r 01'1d.in :t'orc-v~r. ~•aii;:t..l"UJ.ly you1· .t'ri N.lO t ·rr, . ii. tev.i,:l'l • . ., .otwitr,st. ndin0 :er. So\', t<d' s "mflinchi11g onmi ty" tm;,:.t'11 •J; ull ho ;~~3 etruek do.vn in th1) 0.:111~,J of ey country . i t · h.9 •ry o,rnfie t..lt:io . .lt.;.S ! fen· hu.L•'Jt-,.n f railty ; •,7h.--,.a :r.,,nt-01·ot1 ·o health hf1 i o l \_:ot h i r; bcttt: 1· foe 1iri0 s (,.no jnHtiO-" oven , ,,1.1d wl"on..;or me I'.o:t·o th......"l ev er . . ---lSRf> . !.1ti • ~a :tle:pr e!:',;;"?ll".,u:civos of tho i.1 ;0 n rtlons , ii; is :;. e:;-1.· at i:!.':! c..:.ti o:a ,o nw t o ,.:ho ...lone ~~or-:i c-oncu:-ncd :i. .n t'ho all the pG- rties una a l 1. tho .r~ci ,s -- we1."o rr..,r v,.;.:m ;md ei'fic i_.:•nt dofon- ao:ra. ,Ju 1:Jt bei'ol'o '-1owur6 t r:loe;r r rh,:id mr, , 1.nroue·h thG eipho1· Hl-iich h o he.c1 ° :I v,.n mo , 1:hHt I r-,oul d :ho ,1lJ.owod to resien , J oseph .8. C,t .:rnm:t mOVf't'lnntc ezuilrnt n1c i n ·,e.!:h:i.!lgton . ar10 thi:,t I i1ou..lo. b r rc c e.llod if' I aid not . !J:his l ot1;M• ~7e.P 1:0nt to tho r;tut o :,;op~rtment . Nov, , T. 1rnvcr knew. no~· 1o I kno:.1 to tb i o da.y , v,h_y J ohn son ,-,illor;od sar:-n.rd 1.c attempt to 1·,1call ri1e . Tn tho <'iph c:t b o se"rn no .T.'tlaso:tl . :aut • owing to Tohnson ' s defeat ion fro.M tht, Rcpublic~.m .Par ty • co11gr oi;;r.. had passocl a l rTI roquir inr; thz..t no o f ficer who h ad to be oo:of i u .1od by t he ~~n,1te sllou:16. b o cli s mi ~sed wit hout it.c consent . Sc I wrote un ino i ~na11t unswer t o Sev,ara , scying 1 11ou.lci ruoct hir on more e qu a l r;rou.n cls h nr o- .t'l"--- �- 51~) -.. e ffoc1i 0u t:h c e.rri v1..-: o i n~,r i::ticcocso:r .. ~o hm:o I. v;.J.e too muc,1 fo::- "i;hr -''lb~JW mii.n . :!f 1 h.:-:,d rflsi ; -ncd un con<'U 1 :J.on c,11y , :~ h e nu f ono-:: '.i1t1:r;o,1 I ,;·,oul.tl . i t wou.lc1 h u vo b ~on necos~e::-.r t o ~e::id som'1 on,, ·:jo i:;ucc,'e 1l mo; hut f e.s i.h(~ no·,•.-.. oomor h r.i.d to r eoeiVt'l tho intiorsa:::1ont of tl1,:i So:tht"' . thoy ','mu11 ve ry n,1.turally ,~ak why not rctnin C'lay? Jo fol'ti I l i~:'t ·rt •. .i:~rtci·g1yu.r3 , :~r. c::rr~the , tho -:X- CoJ.l c ctcr of ' th·e ..,ort of Nn~, Yor.t.-- , .:.no thr• f'ona.tor f'!-o n .'.J loriu,1 , .J .. 7. Osbo rn')., cruno to I: t . ~!!'t orsb11r5 , }.ri(-: d:l:.ood i?.l t:il m.:,- . :.r:ho. 0P.n a1·or to l d. in tt. TU(-: , Smyth.a ' c _p:.•csr;nco , th.,t the• SN\t~tc h o l C. n O.t~Ucuo , .::..:na rosol vcd t ha-r; Sewr.i.rd r.ho·ttlt1 not l'Oi?lt.:.ce mo . ;;ci;, :r-(1 off o:toti S(,vor a.l tMl1 :::..s c es~o1- , ,:.:a-:~, f\.il:i.nL>· in t-11 . ho nomin r.tc-cl. ho.d more 1 ~tron 1.10 e ",b C4n t!.lljl :rr . •1zn:yth0 , -r:ho, rtiJ ·-!.": cuc- r.;o11c eto.r , nt--111 i:r.1 .:marlea : but the ~101:la'te si,ooo. 1Jy d ono~i , <~lJ tno trtEJ of uy ene-mji-.- wcro o-9f~n.te<l j ·1i'ld I holcl o."'f5JM •~h:tt3o - yo~rt. -aftor h :i. G tel~crti.,1 , ~na e ftcr h e ret i:r.oa to t ho l)'.i:ivaoy of h:in homo in !~ (r." Yo rk. ,\ftcr 'ti o trip ~.1'01mrl 1,h c rnrl d . ·:·b: ich woe int1Jn ,1 e11 cts ... rrn~.:ldon ti:.:l "boom ,1' t h ur:fl""rted tio b 0 in Nc;v York v,hon saw~r1 rq1;urnod. f:ri oncl~ 1_,;ot· tho c l d!n·m.on of th':! c ity to i:nv it .o h i 0 to whi oh }1 /"·' CSSOl"C<' 1. ; bl'l.'l. • :: ! 1 0n t h uy ',"!()TC • ~ h unqtlf:f'j., }Iin to dvi $0 a tn,;:i, they h ..i.d t.o ~11y the bilJ.r:. 1 nnt out o f thn ci t¥' - trl"P..l:':Ul"Y , 1,ut f :com ti1c i r own r,tJ cJwts , thny roe:: 110~~ th<;ir i nvit ..1t i on to the b·mqur.rt; • -~nd &aked the Seor~1tary t o t .....1-~o biz. P.t ::.:.rdi in t;11E' ( i t~ - l.,.a11 , im, 1 sh:-1ko h -. naH \,itb. tho ·boys . " 7",,:.P.r·~ 1.er. i..n ol.,. i'ox-hw1tor .r.ro~"l ~ro:ntn cJ.ty :ln Nrm ".::'or;-.:: , u.nr'I T zo?it h:i.:m ,l:rou.."'li t o cc~ ho;,:r ~:c•·:mrcl c ..,Jr:o out with h i e ''booin. 11 ho w.~.ic 11 noi1J1c:r ~ish , f l esh , nor :_.ooc. 1'()11 hor:rt»c; .. 11 By t h·-tt tiv1e Hi e Joh:r-non st1~addlo hu.d l oft h i re w.it]:,..out the coni'id oncc ,._, f.' r:d.tllc1~ the nc::·10 c:rn.ta or of tho Jopubli ca.":'.la . Ro h ad :no follower of f o:rco but :'hu.rl oi1 · ·(~ed , and e:. fo.,; bonefici uries , so f'ar f'I S 1 ooul rl l on:r.n , ''~all, " o,.in _1 , to 'fo/'JY fox- htL'l'ltr-:::- ~ s a i d hB , "I n cr10:'.!:.· d i d liJrn Seward ; but , 11 wba.t d i cl you. s~e?" U]?Otl 11 You Jtnow •" rrr:, wo rd , I ?'lns s or ry f.or �i lo ,. <'V 1' ':· .l ',Q , "I" (" • l't • ... . . ( r r, • - ., ....,. 1.. . . ,::. ., u o t~l "-' l· ~ 0 . a ~ ,:> ., . .. A,. ~ ... :f . lonJr r 1r J i' Ilf" .,.; ( . •c •. •· J. t". ' . ~011'1 ' ·.: in._; .! c-:0 • .:.r -:>"I, • ·:,h: 1, Q ,1 \Y, .. 8; • , D !I]. I )l ' '! I , - • • • t se; ... 1 jr,X . co 8.G,y t; , 11 ~ ~l U ) 0 • .z • e 11 el ow ,,. o h id .1 1 1:nn p _b,, h ..~u s~.:. r en, t Yer •f ~ ·~= ..u I 1i .. t o .1C'l _ no. Lo s. ~ n-'. i 11,( c ·r i r- .,.. l.- ·• t;,lco "' to ,h. 1• ·i .;:.p ro 1 pon b · "ovo u :1 · ~ II . o+ U"" ' tl 0 ...... \',' ' .. .. o • ~ ,0 f 01 l.. _; 11i:::. en .. r ... titu C of' It GI' l tl - wi ·· ·u l'- • ,• - .l bo .: , o }1 r:t v/ o l a 'h LU .l. c mo :.,l"O ••'i,; to ae ."'l"C ., li. t i • n l' o:f t pv.r ..u. ne T <-• ,n the A fl • O•' Olttt . ( n n $ ! t Cz uo I T i fl 0 .0 J. t nt ,· ,er i ~~ nvit v ..y ot _c tin o .,,. :t oar , 0 'JO n of hi ~ "'::u o me , r:, 0 l"l ' t solution ~ p rty. ip icko ~- o· ~ rJ.i o le a; io , ,, . . r ,. ro t..r d �- fJ21 - cu.xtin. s -,crotaiy of Lcr;i,.1,t.ior1, c,ontnn<1:i.ne thrit l o:K , lrninc ·· Sl)O~i..il boaror of tho dispntohcn o f t-ong rorrn , ehould · old the "9lcc,I) o f hono r . All of this was $.bsn rd , us f.s.:r ,n~r-; 1;101-1si1,lo , J110 Tic hud but ..'. special m:i sr:ion; >.!ntl . :-~ft"r thG on1b&rraf~1:;1 n1t.· ; t..nd ,J.l,-,, tLrt.t·• K O ~';" As'cn t im.? ,t .~: - ~·t&l'~~~.... 'T''w -r.i1,o:ro .1. scon so·d,lod thi ~ m.~ttc?.r. for , who11 we d ino·1 togotller on his ;raoht; 1 nr1a1· (,·, ons ,,ddt 1 ht3 or 00 11.rs,1 g~vn rrH~ i;ho u.su.r:.l ro:1t c horio:r. Rowovo1·, dn .:i·o:?.: ~ne r ..,01. 1Jo1.'tc.r· acqu t-.intod , tho f i rnt 8.llcl. r0c·~ivo(l rna ny il.1 stingul nhod e.-rn:cssion a ot· r0ga:ra. wc:rc aii100 lni th. the -;:mp,n·o1· ar.id ir:1p~ri:.tJ. fumi ly; a:no u.nrlN:1.sm,t i····- '.N:o o i'f:.i.c:ore ~ b,:J.J :t :;., and Buren v;i,z uw&roo.J tho i'.onor of b:i:.•or.:kin~ ~ho accu nt;ome1 bottle of, jrie ~"' Gover11or- Gcn or u1 o f :.ro scow, Prince Vladimi r Dol c o rould , ;&ve o. e;r and d:l.nnc-:r. He:rC> Cu.rti:n , my di s bdntented s ocrotary , a llot7ed him- s elf; ,no doubt b~ pre-vi ous concor .op v:i th a for, vulgar :f'ellm.10 , to be thrown ur, aurinp~ the di nne r ,.._ a tlH n5 1rn1,,...,G.-rn 7tJ,t'f/i --l"'t, tJ,,, I'\ -f' 'hr> +'n T'.n .; 'l'I ✓ �- v-cocpuny o f eon t,lomen; tl10U{;h i t ·,:ac adl''l.'..~cibl c ·.l! m :1r,n rc1:c on t1 Ol)l 00' er Or 1 i).. 'l1h i ~ f)O ?;1'11.l]: ,.t.S 170 ~ C u.J.c-: sr·~-. '' b o::'.lf e r . II .. i ~ 1::eu oi.i\");l t J1c Gov~rnor- Gc1Jcrf:.l t11 ~t , \,lh,n '1.ihc X\-~r:i.c~no ,;. :-i1 < tmr j::..c =- to :ti ,no a,, l·he 1 f 1r e- \i-, orks ·;;y night on tLc• .:or.Jr.:, • .:'.i v r•~·. r 1u.•t·n .I.rt oP:. 1:t., o ; ·hen n'I , the o !f'icoro ";1c1·0 invitee t o tl1" ~ovc!'Ilor C:cn orul ' r bo:'C t;t tite i.i1c tor , c urtin ~10 · ug•1i11 i gnoro1.~ . ~ho l &rg <;:st c ro ,vd I ovor a.lw to.:;c t·bor ~Y ·,ht'rc . even Brcatr.;r t ba.n nt --=.o ohostc r , in 1e,:4. , t,·as ..;at h{).1.' od it a grovr:. near ::1i£;?1~ i11 :1oscoi? , in vh i cb wns JT.t.v1c ..•n i mmensri L'L ..tforrc ioi· c.·1•: d i s1-iinsui ~lh':3u Ptts··L ..:ns . through s tonr1y 1 J.no m:.c'.o in ,:l Ac-Li . g rovoo . 1;}1,"1 Vc..i.nt ,.0 2<"'0W h~f"rl so 11ir•·t1J u.:,hoi·oa i n u i.ii once I we:rc like tn."' J:o . r o l' 7~..r.y 0 1..11cr otw1C:,-) :.u1'' b~mtl::-: of n:usic ,.nh e::..·e h o( went to ·il'.J•J B1m.rt.s , t,s tho :;.,ucats .bo1.1i IlillC.ll St.i.i (I li<:'r."J ,l1.:r' JCCU1 J1l( .J , on the u,rzcnt i nvi t vtion of tllc city nd ,-llH.J.C:lc~,t~l1 fjlt'l tt p.1,,•oYi t-ii:>,1 :111 the th .... I, I O!Jly :i.:r. _,'o:.-c; ,.nd f r om thc.r" I :rr- n.1.rn u~l t o ~.t . Patcl'e1~ur0 .. l n i-.t . ·~vtori-;ht1rc , ~·01·tc-llvcov1 t;i vc tc.n lomai. i c corJ>e, -thozl i11 vho 1.1ity , i..J1,, t o ::r . t lO,Ji ti.t , I w~s _ iVfi.t\ the po t:rc F'oA . of ho:no1· on :b.1. f., ri~h ..u , .. nc' i:r . ~·o:- on h it. l c::'t . "'oil- :.lcmi n ~1 the Chn:ac cllo ;: t;l'.H"' i·.r . j·ox :..:::t;or i:nr. v.ine v,nfi " l cge.Dt bor. -:lith f5t,l i1ndid t-l.l1 t1i amon l1~ ·:::roM the 7J''l)'le 1·or , ,·,·h ich vnr h t•nc'oC: i:n.nc r to th e- cll p- (..ro,;.nc L!>C: admil'cd ty .:-..11 tho ~uosts. ,t i.o;:,cow. aomc e~~ccllont· ,ini:1't'V inr;t c,f blrll Ci Ugs, cd.o i ·.101·<, ~iven all thr o : :'ict:>rs , .,ncl oon e l'H'nt to r110 • \'t/hich I tlloue;-'h contr ul1:f -;,o the rulo ro:l' n ini ~1tc'.!.~:.: to :r·--ot- i1!f r,:rl:lf~• n;.ti ~ut :forc :5.e,:n . CO'tU""to. ~s thl"y We):O ,,.,1·t~ clofl o .f f\:tt , in !1. the ,-:o,~a. !tlCH' ,; ..:li.l J 'l11P o~c . . i on 1munut_l , : \VRS C"ll'F7,' '""Y ,! tJUCOC ~r~ ~ (.ln<1 1'-ot h ~ c.:copicd . llt t i ODfl VrC1:'E:l l oft ~ pl ..icoc'. upon p l onn~m.t foot~JS • nn til.o who l 'l , .•o7- u.cqui t'!iou hinrn' l .: ~<ttcc-ossftllJ.y uff .tir; ~' h e Y-holc ~.rf~iir, .n\.l , boin:, l t r.'lan cf Iino y,hysiqtt~, ~in,~ vory ::'avornblo i m.Pl'N'lr.don u1)on tho t1"'!1l i11 thie nolioa.t o ,oo ,: , 1·,~~ul.... ::.. ,.:na ..?oo,· Vll.Y1 .;u,1.·on ctie~ , .t son on hi n •:.ry homo . fe ,2:~ tu·cs , ·-;om<m o i ::-.u aei a • :Us dsu...,htor, v.-ho h ud g1von l!O n phot og r n:ph oi' ht:,r i'at11:1r , on her r~turn a..~od mo to e,:tve it back , u s ii ,ve.o t ho only one.• stio had <l! h i m in luto ~-or...-cs. coui·so , I complie,' .~'i th h e:· \r1~hos. Of Hut , :rox-tunatoly , l h acl tr.'o of him; �- !';23 - B.Dd I arn g l ud to h a vo s uoh a momento o f on e ~·h o ht1d I t ao v or~ll times i n life 8.hovm me conrtos i a s . Ile 'WHS well r oc oive~ in 9t . 'otcrsbu.rg , not only b ec u.uao htrwa e the eon o f an i-lx- ? 1·esi dflnt o f the Unit en. s ttitos , wh ich cou.nt s mu ch in ar 1 s toorat1c co·1mtr.·los , but boc aus o o f h i s fino ms nnore an d :rou.dy v, i t , in 1,1hich h e muc:h s urpas ~ea hie f athor, who wt,s quite gr a ve and r eserved ut a l l times ; f or I met him, no t only at ~~nhington , but at Lexi ngton , Kentucky , l uter in l i fe . dmirnl David G. Farr apu 't , wi th h i s wi fo . v1 t:1itect l a.t or • a n d was rocc 1vod wi th liko hono ro. flt • .Poi,or sburti I ontertaincd hi1'!1 und h i e quite at o lunch; und was much pl eased with the old her o , who was~ f i ne _parson of l a r g e stu.turo , wi th qui tf) a mi lit {1ry look u.n d a l ur go -::oman no se . Hi e wife was t.. very viva cious l ady . youngo1· thun tho e drnira l • and quite pl e~se d with the honors 11'1hi ch hor hu s bund e vory- wht'l r o rncoi "re el. Coming by sea , h o wns thus on8.'.bled 1:o r e ciproca te th o courtesies r ooni ved by on tc1-taining the :Ru ssi ans 011 his ship . He o r Capt ui n Fox h ad on boar d I,i outonant McKee , a Ke-nt;t1ckio.n , tho son o f my f r i on d , C.ol. ::. ~ . Mo.Koe , who fo l l e;l oriou.sl y a t JBue na Vi sta , &.t tho h oad of' h i s roe imont . Th i s t rue son o f' h1s fathor vra1s k i ll ed in the Coroan inviis io n ; b e int., tho f i rst to lnOunt t he ,-:alls o f a 'f ort , and to sprine; int o t h e mi dst o f t.h o en emy • wh c r P h o mot oo:rta.in ,~ein.th. ', hon tho att empt was madie up on tho l i fo o f the 1imperor , :Pr i nce Ruwarrow, tho oon o f' th e Gen ar J;tl ~warrow o f t he f il•et Napol eon ' s t i me J W&H Governor Gen er a l o f St . Petorsbure; . J.nd vory umiabla un d popul;;ir . He was 3-ut i t was tho :·ht thut h r: was no t up t o the occa nion ; f o r the a.os~ssin oscape c1 f or tho a lly deted'ted and executed . Ni hili stic movoment . a man o f 1;p·ea t sts.t uro , ti"10 b e infs , 1:.4l t l1ou£:,h fin- Thi s m.1s no doubt tho b <"g innin.:; o f tho But a.a 1:Lttlo i s sa ;id about t h oao thine;s i n Russia, I was l oft t o con j e ctu r e . Cow1t .Be r gh . Gono r o.l , f1 i ol t1 - Mttrsh£,l • e.n cl Govarno r - Gon or a.l of Pol und , wai:3 sent f or , u.nd I suppose p ut in chs 1"'g G o f bri ng int. tho assasein t o p w:1i shmcmt . I was 1.. tn :xi ou s t o s oa ucnin th i i:; eminent m«n , who so o.c qu ed llt o.noo I :t'i rst made in 1661 . upon hi ., , <Alld h e _rcturn od. •-ry v:ls it . b a ll'. d1crc thousands were su.pJ)orod . I culled Re was entcrtt'.i ixrn d by a gri:-.ne court Thorn \,us a du.i s on '1'1hi ch t he i mper i al f ami l y s at; .. h i l f'lt t a l)l C'S t hroush st1v e r a.l p.partmAnts w0re l a.i d �l-~" r,oli<>y 0,.. U~'"i '. , ~ to ~ho novo~ • 11 ' i1nno l l' 0 ,.,o pclvo ,tu. 1,1 j_~j:r c ' : cc,ptor ot1·0 ar:li~tbl , '.!.mri t titio n }'OU!. .;f';f" ~.~n . :(• VOUt- p:r;t(- llr• r,r:d.~•· ' moc 1·c('"_;re i i ~--= :n e ,:• J.-c ~ , l't ,P .: t'(, t,.r J ' ....:.t:J• ,.J"t' .:HJ C:f ,P ,iri r~ "'ff.lit <' ,~... 1·,o , ut ,i., 'it.. 1i~t1t0 i., ... .t1Fi(iq1••1·Uo11 . .0111icur ;- - t'n,- i!lC;.i:'if,OE il il.H1 t;~bi1,. 1 • .(I ",'lV:.i,;:.'1 - •,JT:Oll S>cy . "/... X'.l.1t i r; 1ma 1,.hc C,ov-c-rno .~-.Genc:?:W -lJ •..;.,i.<1 , -Ln ~1v1:n; ·~ 1ri,1nr, n ltttt...- oi in t. 1.'0J11c1> i cn ·t,o mi' , 1u.t l hu- mo {·r i n:1~lu,.,r,0"" ii·~ tho ·mp 0 r o L' iht,.'tl -tiJ f OT ; i (';lHr* li1 ..v:1<) -~. ,i ;;'(} . G. I 1Pf15 .. ... 4 ,,. _ ti:n,0 ui shed in the .: o l i sh revolt . gr aa::i ! ~uw-o.r r O'i.'.' , t hot1.el1 r o vt,.1ncd in \Jhfl f .. vo:i..· , .n,J i n -4;h c 0u.i to o l the socmcHi never t o r ocove:r hi ~ ~pi r i 1..P ; •1.nd hi s ~ b l 1 sh :pc;rfoctly, sni d t o me :l.n. t ,mporor • d af1...:,htor . v,h o epok o r onvorcnt i o r,1 i,:omothing about h er irpoor pe. , ·' which was a r e:vol ,-.,t ion o f ho w the Ro ev ent s affc.c toc! hi r h api:>inoss . �.. 525 - • ftor thn.eo ocourrcn e os a 'i i'n:nor wnn . .;iven tne by tho cor:rort1.te of p0WC!'l3 0 F•lO SCOVJ . o ~ ra ot f rom a ccount in th~ ,Io scow Nows , by i to edi t or, o f' 1;ha ont ortuinmon~~ .L.:,i von t o the l eeetion of the Un i tod t t ates : 0f ul l t h e n ~t ions o f th"' oarth , tho Unitod ftatC" a ia without u doubt tho :mo ot popul ~r in .:tussia. ---- -- ' hon c ivil war r ugod in tho Un i toa St at As , vth .:J t ma li cious non.fi denoc wur3 expressed on 11 t hi s s ide o f' tho .,1tl:m t io in the :CintJ.l destruet j_on o f tho young gi ant. 1 h....t bold ca l cul at ions wcro ma de , wh at chun60S were plannod and e ven ca rried int o executi on in the i r n e i e hbo 1·hood . But whu t confu s ion tho triumph of the United ~t aton oauood in tho a o s a.rne sphere s; bow poli t ica l pl une woro dr awn up i n view of tho d i sustor o f -.merior... , ussia a lone i t v1r..1t:1 1.hut n ovor wnvoroa o ithor in h o:r fri ondshi p to tho Uni tea ~;t n.tos or :ln h er convict:i.ono thut h o:i.~ c~.us(i woulu t r iumph. b'rom h or ~l ono they hoa rd sinc(n"1.' \'tOr dia o f syripathy F.1.nd tmcauragemont . '. o know hor, tr, i n fr i ondship Wh S prized ..ma what t rocopt ion was shown to our eea mon wh on they arrived in : merica , ~t u i.ir.1e virhen Russia h c:tsclf was an object of ho stilo dE>si cns . - - - - - -"i<1 w:ritc these linoo undor thei i mpression pro du.Ced by the momor8.blo o:ntort.-.d.nm<>n1 ~:i von uy tho rncrch ru1ts of Moscow tio 1.he l ogt.i.t ion of' 1.ho Un i ted ~t ntoa . e ati.y to the legation . but l ot not our r oad ors thi nk t h ~t wo s poak o f ~ ncrnerous diplomat ic suito wi t h wh ich the l a6nt i ons of even mna.11 ~ropea.n :power s a r o una.bl o to di s p ense . The l oga.tion of t h 0 Unit,)d st a.tco con a i nto o f tho '•:ini stnr nn <l tho ~oor0t-'iry . I t i s well knov;,n it i s d i ff i nult t o i.i.:rouse Mo s cow. No matt er how many timb assac1 orG e1n d ::ini stero roi c;ht h a.vo uppeared within h er wall~, . sho would have p.:1.Hl t horn no att ont ion . But thP urriva l o f Gon e r a l Cl a~ , :~ini fltf"r Pl1t:1no1>o t ontiary o f th o United ~t at(•c , Vtho h o.d boon prA c edoc1 soma days by tho Se crot nry o f J,eg1ition . •,x . Curt i n , v:ho l oornc d t ho Ru ssi an l :lllf.:UQ{3C:l in lfow York . coulo not pass unnoticed. coul d not but produce .-.m i r,rp2...ossion , could not bu t ca ll f orth m•ini fost nt'ions a ll thP. more s i gn i f icant in that thoy wore s incor o t.~d unp:romod i tatcd ; ovon poa.St&.l ltfi prosontod thoms ol vos to thc- 1ni s 1,c,r v:i th gr e oting s , .:m d r.i th bread .md s ~lt . - --- Nc vor h a vn toa s~ s 'boon r eco ivaa. \"lith ->ro r..a tor ont.hu r i asm 1,h tin t .h ~ f irst t oa sts t o tho he,. l th o f tht' r.rn1,eror , the .Prosi dont , Fuss i u tin d ,. morica. , ,mr.1 fl:>r thfl ._.-uosta t h €msolvos . It i a d 1f 'f i cu1t to L; ive ull i c1e&. o f the cm'thu s iasm w1.th v,hi ch tho ~~imat,od speochos a.ccompu.nyi ns tha princip cl t oa st s were r cc~ci v oa , wh i ch e;ives s o oX:tPnded u s i gn i f ionn oo ti::> this ":nt o:r:tainmont , Ulld i'ihi ch f inds tha SbmO a oho in 1.ho broSJBt of cil l p ntriotP in z1.u s s i ~ , LtD<' in t he Unit ed $t o.t os .'" Volume 5. Fo r ,Ar . !Cl ay ' s spoeehos h ere dolivorod , Sl'!f'l From Di plomatic Co rr,ospondonco , 1866 , Purt 1 , Pl • J 93- 4 . :.'ly i.lbany speech o f 1863 1~ua boon t r ~nslatoa. , 1:is I a uicl , int o t ho (\ \, Ru ssi an lu.ns uo-e;o , 3.nc1 wi dely d i1stributnd ovor th,~ emp i re . 'T'he ,or ld ' a Fai r o.t Lo11don showed tho Ru osi ittns much further udvunae,1 in ma.nufnot uros t hu.n w~a f;Ol'lera l l y su ppo sed. Iin a ilvor e.nd :;o l d- work, i n jewelry• i n i ron mi<'i stoel - work, an d many o·thcr thince , t h ey wero e quttl to , i f not uhe ad o f , o the:r ?l i.Ltions . In l E)tLthor - mu.kin5 and munu f actu.res of l <'athor , ospeCi$lly , t hew wore eminent . l t' r go c l aso o:f mAnuf'aot. u.:rer~ v:as Hggrog11 tod about Mo scow. No'll , �- 626 - us T'l:lg l an d , not-. i thatundinu Ch ar l es .Fr u.ncia ',dar.ns I e, V4u.ntod diplomacy , was ou r worst enomy in the world , t s ought out ho w I might mo ot i njure h or. I h od all my lifo b e en ti ta.riff m!ill , un do Jr Henry Cl .:.cy ' s l oad ; ~d durin,.s ull ~y l o.to J e moora ti c schoolin& have no1~ V(JD tu rod into 1ho doep ,;mtors o f froo trn.do . i.u asiu. , wi th hor i mmense l c.1.ndi:1 t:tn d r osouroos , .:.lild g r e at popula t i on , was a f ine f i vld f or .Bri t i sh znanufaoi uroa ; mudo t h o mo at o f i t . ti.D a aho h d.d I p 1ocur od the works o f H.. C. Ctirey , of Phila dol - phi a , un d prosen tod thom to tho f or0 i gn offi ce , un d 1,o tho ~.m:pcror h i mSo that i t b oet:lll to bo un dorstood that ! w11a tho friond o f homo- s ol f . i n dustry - - tho " Russi an systorn. '' I cncour P.ged 1he i nt ro du ct i on of J\meri c an arms , eevd.:nc m,.,ch i n es . cllld a.11 thut , a15 far us I coul d , 1he mi ning of :petro l oum , Mo its m_inufa c l uro; und e e>t tha Unitod Statos t o f orm a i. reaty prov en tin g th o v io l ut i on o :f 1 raao--marks i n tho commorce of the t wo n a t io ns . that qo , \7hen 1 was inv i ted to !loscow, i t v," a i n t i mated t a.r i f f apeoch 1t10uld b e quit e acceptab l e . o. 'ihoy 80 t U]'.) a magnifi c en t dinner ; nnd , wi1;h tho Amer i oun and Rueeiun £lo.gs o ver my head , I mud e u r ogu l ur t a r i ff speeoh . 0 0 Repro duce d i n vo 1 . 3 , from Di plomatic CoJr;-rospond (;)n ce , 1866 , vol . 1 , Pt,395- 7. H. It was translated i nto Ruaoiull us I spoke , und l~ooo i vo d immense appl ause . I t waa ul eo put in Russ i an nowspa.pers , 1.:m d in p amph let f orm c ircul a ted in thous ands i..11 o vor t h o emrii1·e . Th i s t ou cho d Eng l w:id in t h e t on der est opot ; .:l.lld , whils t Si r Andr ew .Buch an an a.nd l a dy v11ere too we l l brod t o s peak of i t , on o o f the ~tt ~cE-~ v;.:a less di s cr o0t , and showe d h ow m:uoh I thr eatened Bri t i sh t r a de . Th i s dinner w(~s ph<> togr a phed nt th o t i mo • an d soverul copi es g i van mo , one oi' wh i ch nov, h t~ng,s i n my homestead . I foun d out t hat the ar guments uh i ch I h ad mad e f or l ong yoa.rs i n t he South , in f avor o f fr eo l abor and mu.nu f a ctures , a s co - fact ors , was woll un clf!rstoo d i n Ru ssi a.; D.Dd , s i nce om:l!lcipat i on an d educat i on havo t r kon a n ov1 pro j e ot i l P f o r c o , r a i lroa ds , und manu f a ctur e s ha.v" iho srone :pro • pul s i on , as i s now exhi b i t od i n tho ' II Solid Sout h . " Moacow, t h A anci ent capi tal o f t h e c zar s , und where t hoy aro yet c rowned , cont a ins about 600 , 000 p eopl e . beine b11t litt l e l eas i n popu- lation · r.. n t. Potersbur , the present setlt of P'OVornme.at . Ii l ios �r • ~ h ir.1 • W~il l •' "-\... to :::oeriow. >t.S i t wns r1. p l of1Zc..1'.\t tri r , :--·n a :r could soe e ll imme'thin;; of the peopl e unc the country , I a<::;c.c1,tc <i h i s it1vit a t :to11 ., t¼n ct snw rrtU.ch 0£ the cou..ntry-lifc o f tbc :,.i da l o o l e.:~IJOG , a rnon,: ~,hom ,~,o we~e 1-wc!'c1 ivC'd w:i.th �gr ospit lit . l O loff 1 ur in l'ff sl i h (b l o 5i n t,; to p· intm f1' ho a in i r r , •, l t b c • •i · dul ,h o t c co l o i• in , 00 ruble ro rn - x·i gh t o11 t~o f if I u pai • n on · J d i u -1 Ot s- sho 1 Lol e h r ottors b i r. orto to c1 ·ov oree _ e.y- o on the ion._ ble h. f in ·t m n 1 hed t1 om; but I thi n r iv 1 t om in • peed an t er i'J.vy on · ,10 ir t ct 0 h : c e h on · lor nci 'i:mlns bought fiv ion . 01· d im· 1- d the}) ·u r" d \St oto ·abu g ; or, diver o , ) with "'h tho . l in ·t . ~ l 00 11. ohn no horse b en tj" . o:f br ;,i.h ountry • his . --e • he 1hol ·e · hr o·' .: .• lu otorsbui- , in of c v ·l Y cl u~ om n promon · o , p l y ir t no ili ty oft cl poor 11riv . i ,l ion . a 1 ~ dh r g etit 0 1' Qom - t hiilh ·ui run s i m1l " r d o 1.i • tos , ,h l bor·n r i t:h • • y (l, ; ~nf r o nnorl c1 i 110 ·.t ull priva t . • •1hil t th -n p11 l ie , b l ,h ' c nr L 8XOEV' ote Ru s i ans . tin private tho b I olio • o women p l y rink to r t1.ro l .... H g r ce ; y th . invit .n t on a.:n V ut ;rhut il C .Jl ull 50 d cl b- l i f • n p iv t o h u C a vi w t o - a.g d :r.: .he b1 oo l e o men . n d wom n , be h i mo f 1· C b e e· to nth t.?l c1 m, dr nk . u.D ub • I t o so o ·· he m di um 0 nobili ty • ic r ft ... ., • w omc ce on o , ~.:n d oi tin ,1i , i o in poor , in v: i ch fr qu nte ~ fa olt aoa b o ,i :pu ·nor 0 lo h u, so :h ..t s i21 ro st h B poo p l ., t o .. ro no s poop o , ri h an en·1 pub li c b l l s , th ro i E l i .. tl l l od tho C 1 'l 0 o h e 'I i tor , younaor 0 n d lilk i r.lT'l.Od i utel, t n in , e f on d of o mu.o h U O :t i nk In .. co-· c:ntc ·dn . o youn o i l i ty . 'h r up r ws �- 529 - e l a borate t o.nd ~11 v e17 di g n i j~i ed till the ch~ti.gn c bog~n to f low fr eely . when u gent leman ( f o1: t h • rooms in ··,inter aro kopt ut about 6£ 0 ) sui d to me! co ats?" "Gen er a l , wo1ul d y ou o bj act to our taki:n3 off our 1 fH.;,i d : "No , a ir; 11 a.l'ltd , sttitin0 tho £.ction to tho 1:ora , I took o ff my own . 'l'hey , all mu.ch plea sed , thon took of thni r ooa ts. '.t auch t i mss , unli k e 1..mcrioans • they n cvor qu,a r:rel i thoush :~u.ssi dlls o.. ro qu~ck to r os ont an i ns ult i f i .t i s i nt ended . Th~ ~uello i s f orb i dden by l aw , nspeci all y in t h o ur z:ey , y ot f i i:;hts t ake pl ao~ in priva te ; when , i .:f' the :p a r t ies a rc onl y v:ounded , they are suppo soa to hs v0 t aken 11 tour abroad . the n conc ealment i s no t possibl e . If they , one or more , Hr a k i l led , Tho Russi ru:is a r o invetert..tn smokors , but ~h oy novor chow o r spit ; ~na I have never seen womon , of any cl nss , use tob1;1.cco in any form. But tho l adi es u.ro fo nd of eti r,iu.L.1.nte , if properly di sgui sed; and , huving a l ar go silvor bowl , ~ punch ~hich I i ntroduced wo.s qui to u. c ol obr a t er.1 thj.ne in poli t o oi r clos , u.nd I was often ueked f or tho r ocip6 . In tho count r y und the f i.>.r.aily , tho cookiDu i s no t vary di f.forent from ou1• own . Vory young .Pi e s , r o Mstcd or bo i led , tire qu i to dish ; un o thf3 AIDall i.. f a vo r i to l dor:noy c.attlo , poor in winter , but r]Ui ckly fat- t onod in the long summer days • e.x-A vory cho i c e beei'- mukors . They mnk0 , a l so . the olo Vi r g iniu chi .ckon o r be e f pios , wh ioh a.r e exoell ont . ln tho l r.r e;o ni t i oe t h e 1b1'EHlc1 i ·e o~ f1n o !la in P.ur1.a , made o f whito- whout fl o11r. But th e be 1st broucl I 0vc:t~ "Lto was in the ci ties of Mexico an d o f Mo scow, be i nB in both pl aces goncr nlly mado by Ge:rmans . In Mo s cow end st . Pcto:rabu:tg tfao Ru sai uns u.r"' al so good b:ros.d- mo.kera. ".i:'ho re a son o f thi s ex c oll ,·nce :io , n o cioubt . the f ine wheat ,. wh i ch i s r ai sed in both cou~trios . Tho Russi ~s , like tho Roman s , h &v e the i r 3llte- prMoi um.. In paesil:1g to dinner , y ou coma upon a tab l o wh or e are s ot ce.viur - the eggs o f the st7lrgeon of t ho 3l"E:)at r ive rs - s ..,rdinos , fine che eso. pi ckl0s , whit a m:icl b l ack bread , ctn. 1.i "~r~ Fr en Ch , .m d t ho s ,.me .as i :, i n tho shell. o n t'hn n.:1• . , r-i nne:r. among t ho f irl:3t cl assoo i s el, • " hen OY'l,t1trs .oro )l§ O a , ~~(ld ~ •--i:,n-~ Q-~•/., ~~ · t"sn~~..'1§~~ ('t thoy are a et , .:frl::«p• '1,,/ '£• ....._ ,_ Jr!: ~ t· ~ - �•. 530 - seated . Thon coI!les soup , !:t.n d fJO on; thn courses cominr, oucce·~s:ton , i11 ,md mre or l oss ol a borato , a ccordinz t;o the gr o.ndour of t h e occasion .. lt very e l ogunt dinners , vases o f n a tur1.1.l f lowers o:ra sot on the t!cl.ble . On on e occasion , ~hen I h nd a cli nndr o f twelve o f tho most di stini:;ui shed parsons I coul d got t ogether, J: h ad , in add ition to the contr aJ. f lO\vors , a full -1:ibomod hyacinth in u fi t1c Fr ~nch - chintl vv.se of sui t able sizo at onch p l ate ; und f or thi s inn oVliLt i on I r e oci vod many compliments . At tha same <'i innor I had a band o f t h irtlr musi c i.c.tns in a :r·eur room , v,hi ch was l arge r than u s u a l av am in the hou ses of tho rich . O:f.' co urse MY limited salary would not allow ma t o do t hia thine o f t en ; but , to make a.n I rish bull , to kee1> WP wi th fash ionublo 0oci oty , you muRt At otbor ti es 1 11 voc1 very economica lly , uhead. of thom: i:i-S eo nzy- wants Wl~r o fow a.nu no t expen s ive ; unal l made ~ch money by speculating- in ~,l iseour1 und Un i ted St a tee stociks. So :fur as I coulo l o~rn , I wcs tho f irst •i.meri e._-m mini ctcr thut evor attempted to ontort rdn gcl'.l1cral so ci ety. John Ro..ndolph want home in tho s umo ship r,hi ch bore lli m to 8t . Petorsburg . Tho othor r'lini BtorEJ , e i t har d issati sfi ed wi th tho cl.;i.ma t ~ , o r di scourae;ed by tho g rout ox- penso , '\"Jhere thero was so muoh weal th tll:ld di spl ay , wer e content to l oad u quiet l ife . Then :r gE:iva rrzy :first gon ort,. l ba ll , thore -.,as quite an effor t to got an invi tt.Ltion. go out o f curiosi ty . I: was t old a.fter wer a that many wanted t o Toon t hoy fou.nd th at I had 1.00:r<" wi nes and drinks than wer o ever b0f o ro s een a t 8. p tll"'ty there , as well a s oysters. which a ll lik e , in gr oat abund :incG , a.no othor r a r e thing a , they were ast.ob:i. sh ed. 11s I sidd b efore , i t c.o s t s no 1I10re t o h av e all t h e c e lebra t ed wines rtn d cordi als o f tho wo r l d than to h a ve but on e . and wha t So much only wi ll bo drunk; i s l oft over wi l l k oop • and b o u sed ag&i n . In fa ct , t,hoy 8.11 will not cost so much; f o r mo s t p0r sona \V i ll touch t hem l i ghtly , and thu s spa.1·0 much ex pense , whilst, i f thoy onter at once u1)on churnpa.gne, ,----, which they likn , they dri nk u e r eat de al . 'lho Ru ssi ans muy b o s u i d to b e heavy enters . Th o clima.to ~ lowt! a,~J~he i r acti-vo h abits , wintor wid summor , lea ve but l i ttl e room i'oi: ' _/ I -:/ -,vl-1..ff-1-f'vt•-Ct u • ✓ 'ft,ti,c....._, C .~ ~~,(~. M' ~I I f,,AC,i/ , . •4' I ,~· 1 ~/J,~ _; I ~l~ l'i) ~ .'_,.,.. . /JhJ,, ,;,-l(.1:,,,, ~'\,-<,.,. , l'f\....!Hr...., ~ �- 531 - i-md women , i s the fine st in ~urope . On on o OC(.\ a sion an o fficer of the Gu ar ds htt<.l mlj,rri od Now York. ti l ady of The army was i n summ~r - guur t e rs , n oar the n a va l grounds be lo w the c ity , on tho :Nova. . where a oo d subs t ant i a l buildi ngs wer e mua" f or the o ffi cers • whilst the so l di er s. v;oro i n t onts . no womon wer e pres en t . The o ffice rs woro f or of tho i mperia l family were pr osont . 11 I wo.s i nvited out, 'but a. bender; " and several .~fto r dinins in a common ha l l , thoy adjourned t o tho sh a de- t r ees to smoko , and the drink ing cont inued . I eoked pe:rmi ss ion to £ ivc a f ew rubloe t o tho sold i er s . ~h1oh was a llowad . I h undcd ovor fifty tublos , s o i t was an i ntornati on a l uffair. The sold i 0:rs oe.me up in mass ; und , seizing mo , s ont mo up like tho boya v,ould ~ bull-frog on a boa rd. It soomod us i f I n ever woulc1 stop ; ltild , nt till event s • woul d bo clashed to pi e ces on tho rotun1 voya~e . But they caught me ; and , by clo sing up ranka , avoide d all chances of my bains I hurt . , fter thi s or deal was ov or , I h ad a hs rdo~ ro ad to t r avel . kee_p up the habit of snci ent t i mos , a.nd h ave a 11 Lovi ng Dr ink - Cup . " I havo al ways been u t empe r ate man in oating una drinking . e d to mo t o hold ut l east h a l f be f ore ; li gallon. They This cup seem- I had seen the thing done as many a s c nn get around f ill tho cup , and h and i t t o you; 3Ild s ing ru, unintelligible s ong till you drink tho l ast drop . To drink a ll this wine , though tho bast ohtil!lpogno i n ~uro po , threatened no t only drunkennes s . but doat h . I t o do? waa drunk: I had rathor ha ve faced a cannon ! No protost uti ons v-1or e of any a va il. Bu t what was So I dr Mk i t down ! I I was t aken to my room, under a cool shti.do , ~nd wui t od upon by gen eral o f f i cers. '11hoy kn ow the ropes . a half-nallon t h..:m in f1. h a l f - pi nt. i'horn we.a no more dane.;e1· i n T'i c woro bound , s ooner or L iter , t o part company ; an d I di d not cm·o how soon. ~hen ! went t o s leep , u.nd i n an hour or so woko up u s fresh uo eve r • .But I f ought shy o f s uch ----entertainmen ts aft er that . ~he 1:1tate r oli gion i e tho Gr e ok Church ; but tho :porrnrs o f t ho Gr eok rope o:f Con s t ant ino pl o ~ro now c ontered in t h e C.za.r . The f orms are si -iu.la r to t h o Catholic; but moro humoni tari a:n in muny r oapocts. ~ ,,,, ~H'M-A" · I J. .r . ,L- . ~ :t' ~ " ~ h i p hA~1. ni /:'.'l:l i ttir i es o .f t he olorgy �- 532 - wnelio r a t os the a soatioism of i solut ion. 'i'ho ~c:,olope.e dit.i. :Br i t a.nnica . cortainly i.ood ~utho r i ty in fcJ.vor of Russiu. , says : "Gon <'ra.lly , howcvC'lr , tho "h1.ssi un clergy , a lthou.;h zealous of thoir di gnity , h.1ve not the spiri tua l pri de or pri o et- craft of the Farnan Ct1tholic order; attributabl e , no doubt , i n pa.rt , to the k indly Dationul ohsr a otor , ~d , in purt , to tho humanizing influ enc e o f marri age . ''Ther o i s , ho wov4r , mu.ch genuine pi ety to bo mot wi t h ; • •• ••••• .,&ain; do nations , f r ee- g ifts. o f'fo rings , w1d a lms b(-)in0 libor u lly bootowed by both rich and poor . Thore a r e no ontranco- foee , no di stinct ions f or g1·eat itnd li ttlo , no pews, no r eserved pl aces in Russi an churches . oongr ognti on stund . 'Ihe 111 aro e qnt.1.l b of'o re God . 11 I quoto this Briti sh authori ty in support of my assert ion else whe ro on tho h umm:i i ty of tho Ruo oi ari n ation . :Foi· theso offocts , or, r ~ther , -'1,ea.ohing s , o f i:ho Church afi' oct a ll tho r el ations of the s oci a l ayatem. ~o I s t b.l'H1 by lny assertion , in tho f s.co of s o l"lll.Ch world- wi de calumny , that the Russ i an i e tho mo s t htun~me peorl e in existence. 0 11 0 Russ i a.n Cruelt i es. " -di tor Xont ucky Heral d ; -- I n your j ourna l o f 1 ocombor 1 2th , i s a paper whi ch i a u typ() of tho mttlit.,"?Hlnt c alumni es o f the antiRues i ru1 presa f or c.. c cnt1.1l'y' or more. I lived in St . Poters'burg for n early nino y oi.r s , u.nd made 1.ss i an lifo n stu dy ; ~oinz ling v~ itb all cl aasos .for tht.1t pu rposo . I din ed with tho ".)nperor o.no i mperi a l £a.milias , v.11d took cabbas-o., sou.p tmd bl ack breud with tho woodman wno c r'1!le f r om the intorior on bo tits .md r af'ta . Fc1·haps there i s no t.morican who cun s:poak wl th more au thor i ty th...m I oan on the roo.1 cl'w.r actor o f Russi a . l be li eve that there i s no moro chur itabl o ll?ld humane n~t ion on earth thun F.us ~ia. T e ivc tho proof. Thero ~re no aeuths by ~bsolu to povorty in Russi a us in tho gr e~t ci t i es of New York , London. ~eri s , and other ·;u,rope~.n c i t i es. Bosi dos tho charitable assooi ationo establi shed by l uw , tho i'ir st nobloa i n 1itu ssin , men ""'n e women . yearly , by o rgB.IJizod s ocioti os , colJ.oct funds by Gifts, nacelle- work , tmd o t h er methods • i or c l o thes , soup- housos , ...no bread , which i o di stributQd ~11 wlntor ln St . r>ctorabu.rg; ..mo. nuch methods l'..:re pursuocl i n othor cities . The i nfnnts th ut ar e drowned and thrown into sewers in ::turo po t,ll d .merich. clTO t u.ken at .i dv.y ola . i f noed b e , u:ad brought u:p ut tho public expense in St . rotorsb11r g , Moscow, &nd other c i ties . Thes e childr en, when grovm tl:p to ti suitabl e ~tfie , aro put to service , ~no many mu.ke a gon r rous l i ving . ~ussiu libor atcd her a l o.vos not by we:r II ana gs.v0 thorn l a:nds . :!.Tnor'.i.ct\ did n ei thor . I dine d wit~ the nophew of Prinao Dol gorouki , Governor- Ccn er al of :to scow , Vio0r oy , ·"'ncl a libe:r:ltod s orf 0 1· el ~ve was at the table as <J. gu est , iin d mndo the bo st dinnor- apeech 0 11 tho oocneion . 7he ~ussi uns opon ul l t h e i r pl o~sure- grounds , bosido tho public pu.rks , to the ~holo p0opl e . Thoy_n ovor b •cr the gates ~nd close tho doo r s &gainst "the r bbl 'l , " as in -"'ngl 1nd ..md .morica . I n tho summer it6'sfa..rd.s c1.ro opon .:md t h e windows wi thout blinds, that the humpe a s a.zrto may sco , und hot11· t he- mu aio. 011 a ll grea t occasions 11 �( -· 533 - of ii private n a ture , a ll tho poor i..ro fea sted o:r othe1'1.7iso ontor t a inod by sui table means. In Eng l tilld ano 'J'neric6. eve.l'.l housosorvtuits are treated wi tll contempt . The Ru si:ii an nob lemon speak k i n dl y ~.1.vays t o thoi r iIJ1fcriors ; the :ng l i sh ana meric~,ns out of t h e ~outh r arely ovor. 1'he Russi tl.?l "Smpi re i s l urge ,-m d sparsel y populated . s o tht:i.t the me uns of s ub s i stence do not at a ll press upon the incre a se of po pu~ation . ln t he l a r ge c i t ios , dB I sai d , no a bso lut e su f f erin0 f o ?'' tho n eceas or101s of l i fe i s p ossible . Now. aa to pris o~s. Thero was nt no time ~hilst I wus in Rue s i a , s o f a r a s I know ~d b oliovo , one eqnul in i t s in~amy to tho Kontucky Ponitontia ry . And Governor Bl ackburn deserves Dot denunci a t ion , but etorna l honor , f o r h i s ma nhoo d tm d phi l unthro1,y , against 1·h o b nr b.;1.r ous c l amors o f t h€l press , :t'or h i s r eform. .hen I was i n St . Pcterebur8' t ho cholera. vn.rn sevoral times in 'thu.t oi ty o f s ix hundr oc'l t h oUsHn d , an d thcr o was no mo r~ sens ation 1,h an i f the me asl es o r whooping - cough l)r eva ileo. . The f:lUb j octs o f t he disease wer e t ,_;iJ<:en ~t. on o,o t o \,holesome ho s pi t al s , well a.1 tondcd ; tilld then when oonva les cont . r etu.rnod , wi thout ohn.r ge . to the i r homes. Tho s t r eets of st • .PGtor sburg were an hundr ed timoH cl cunor tha.1:1 tho str eets , a lleys , und bn.cJi::- ya r ds of Richmond . !hey n evor burn down tho pest - hou ses in Russ i a as they di d t ho ot h e r day i n Il"'.adi s on County, when sma l l - pox prov tiiled . \a t o pri sons t ill d Siberi!1 , I t.m gl ad to h a Yo an opportunity to r ofuto somE' o .l' t ho world- wide c a lumnies o f t h e unti- Ru s s i nn press. Si b eria i o no t so vile cl country as t ho Fr ench p en a l colo ny o f Cayenno , or t h e o:ri g i nul ; ue t r a.1i n o f _;;ne l and. Three Siberi nn - born l ,.. di es marri ed nobles i n st. Pe1;orabur0 - ono the .Prince suwarrow. the e:r.widson o f tho Prince buwnrrow o f Napol eon ' s e1; times . The othex· s i ato rs married well - one t.i.Il o ff ioer on. tho r:,taff o f the ?mperor . I h e.vo h oar d thorn s peak of tha lt fathorl and u as ~-ouHl a Gornw.n. •1nd these we.re tho descendants o f Siberia n exi le s . I do not he s i 1.at o t o Ruy that , o f a ll tho p oo pl o I e ver know • tho Russ i uns .J.rc t hn mos t gon.i a l imd ho spi t ablo. .Tt i s true t he ranks i n Ru ss i o aro vory di st inct und mark o<J ;. but t h o humane spi r i t o f Ru ssi a thaws a ll coldness , breaks all convcnt ionul ba rri er s , and fus os thl3 ,qhole into ono nut iona.1 fceline , as in no ot h er l ~nd . Th at i s tho r r)a son the.t Ru s s i ans n evor emi gr ate . Thut i a the ro a son o f the invincible coul:'agc o f tho ~uss i an o.rmy . ·.h at c alwnn i ators c a ll 11 atol i di ty' 1 i s unshakon a:nd heroic :ptitriot i sm. I coul u f ill a book wi t h s i milar proof , 'b ut I hold-11;:;ad but soma power the gi ftie e tc ua , To soo otrrss l ' s as it.her s s Ae us ! " ... hit a Ral l , Xy ., 1Jo oemb e r 14, 1883 . C. rtr. Ol a.y • V Thero i s one i mportant rcrform , bowovor , ~1hich beg ins , I l e ar n., to be made , and t110.t i s tho holida;ys must be dimi n i shed ; f or there aro too many lost du.ya to l abor , and i dl eness t oo o f t en br ings more evil in its tr~in thnn goo d intent ion s from the r ev orenc o o f the s a ints . The ~u asi ~n Government i s , howe ver , t oler arrt of a l l r e lig ion s ; und con quered peo1)los ar e l oft to the i r own r oli e;ions ....nd ao oi a l h abits. i s loya lty to tho c entra l powe r . ,,1 1 thut i s rP. quired Ronco Ru ss i an con quest i s a civi l i z iJJg ass i milt:i.t ion , and unli ke tho Br:it i sh , whore the con qu ero r v1rtu.a 1ly on s l a ve s the con e'.}.u e r ed . · l.ft e.,. eo mo.ny y cnr s th o Russi a.ns subdued the �- 534 - Circass i ,ms . un der Gr and Du.ko lii chaol . thP b r other o f' tho Bmperor , 1 11 l exunder II. r chi rnmel 1 n wh i 1ch mos.no Samuel , cl.Ila indicates him to be 0£ l!awi sh orig in , was ti,kon p:ri so2:1er . wi th hi ~ two s ons . He wtts kept nomina lly in pris on bou.nds I but i t was the bounds o f the ompire; whilst his tv:o sons , bo th o f whom I k1:1e'CT , wo r o :put 1lpon tho '¾ln peror 1 s ~te..ff'. All wore u.~ happy , :no do ubt , as i f t.hey wor e in tho rndo r ule o f the mount uin barbari l!.ns . Thus Russia mtikcs h er who l o population s olid in loya lty , tind powerful in tho civilization o :L' tho g r oe.t Asia.tic Conti n ont . In the natural war f or dc>minion b ot woen :Sns l t.illld a:n<l Ru ssi-l , ovory lo vo:r o f h umm:iity , Chri st ianity , ~-nd <.!i vilizution must wish Ru ssia. God ... Speed . Just outs i (i o o f tho f1;1.shjlo11nbl o oircle , i t is a custom a.ftcr meal s f or Oll(';h .gu est to k i ns t h~') h uncl o f tlle ho s t oso , and thanJ.r h or . '.Do t he childr011. b eforo ret iring at n j(ght , ki r:s the1.r p ar onts aff e ctionat ol y . Thes e ar ~ benut1U'u.l customs , &.tld v ery humun i zing in the i r offoots ; and no who r e is t h o f amily more cloisely uni ted by affection thun Ru ssi ans . til'IlOng t he Thi s custom o f k i sslna- t h e ha.n d preva ils to oome ext ent in the h i ghost s ociety , where persions ar o int i tnato . Dy the Russ ian system t h c;t olde st brother t t-Dces command o f tho army • th e f irst post o:f power in an BLutoorat i c government ; the next olde st t akes commu.nd of tho navy . But; the :m:poror Mi cha l t.s • knowing Constantine ' s a.mbi t i on , e nd remembering t h &t he h li.d ovorthrotrn h i s 0 1vn elder b r other• and t l'lken t.he crown b ims.elf , i t is said , feared t o 6 1 v o him tho oorra-n.o.nd of the ar my , but pl a ced him in tho nuv:y , whcro a r evolt ueainst t he auto arat woulc.1 b e i mpotent; tmd ho pu t his secon d son , Ni cholas , at t ho head o f tho wh.ola l ~nd- f'orces o f the ompir-e. Const antino was 1.mdor medium size , sparo ; UDd short - s i ghte d, a l ways we~r ing oye-gl asses , which givoa sny ono ti s inister look. Iio took bnt li ttlo inter est in the past- i mes of eoci ett , :..na waa r ather a looker - on t h an ti pa rtic i pant . ,. o a l ways f orm in our imagination somo i doa. of notod clmract;o:ra in h i story , and tl10 hoad of the na vy se emed thG very Cataline himsol :f. His sh ort- a 1gh~edneas ~rive g reater rie idi t y to a f a ce a l ready f u11 o f' di scon tent an d con tempt or o ther s ; an d hi s i so l ation in a ll things , evcm r i d ing ulone in the str eet s w:t t hout s orvunt 1or co mpa.D i on, but i ncr eased thP. 1mblio �- 5 ~,5 - dread ~ma di s like o f tho man . Of Q-11 the irnperia.l family , h e Vh lS the onl y ono v,hom I hoa1·d den- ·non tho qu ostion of libor~t i on of the serfs was undor oiocuss- ouncod. ion in t h o council , some ono ment ioned t ho poss ible ai scontent t o tho1r mast ors , tho nobl es; phrase in !:ussi o!;:. : nr 1:. nd he st~i d with gro~t contempt , u aine; the oommon spi t upon tho nobles . " Lator , b oi n..; made Viceroy o f .?o l u.n d , ho n umod eome of hh· c!hil aron ufter .T'o li oh c olebriti os , t.n d pro j e cted wae to b o t h u $.Utocrat . u s opar uto emp i ro , of ·1vh i ch he I sr,eak from rumor. .'h cthor the ~m_pero1· vui.s oonaonting t o the affuir , ,.. i th u view of e;ettint,; r i d o i u t:roubl ooomo r cl ativo , whom h i F:I fath er ho d di strustod ( f or it i s oa.ia ho mndo hir, toke an o ath not t o c onspire against h i o brothor }, or not , i t i s c ort t.-i n e;r eut ol amor vm.s quickly r a.issd uguinst him , o.nd h e was r e called . ,J. '<'or tho pride of nussi a i s e speci ally sot against lo ~s of territ ory; and Constantino wa s , o f a.11 mon , the l ast to whom such f a vor w.::\s l i koly t o be shown . I t wus unde r stoo d thut tho p1·os ont iiinporo r . ,aoxmider III ., wus no t .fri endly to h i m; an d I hoar t hat , s inco tho l attor h ~a been r uiaed to tho t hrone , Constanti no has t ukon up hi s reaidenco in .Paris . Re was a mun of ubili ty; and , i f not o f great wit , wo.s the master of g r e o.t s ar - casm , ~t l oo.st -- umuaine himself u:t tho potty kine;cloms o f Gcrm~ny , in ono of wh i ch h o f ound h i s .?i f o , who , as woll a s hor da:u,Ghtcr , the pr esent ueon o f Gr eoco , was noted f or her be~uty. C:he Gr and Duke was a great fr i end of tho merioan c auso ; e.nd , no doubt , i n conjunction wi th Gortchncow, ably backed up tho emperor in our support . , . rhon Loo surrendered n our Rioh.m,nd , h i a Imperi a l Fi t:;hnoss sent f or mo , a nd in gr eat goo a e l oo co:ng r atulatoa mo upon our triumph . v-hich all sav, , of course, r e- establi shed the Un ion upon a f i rmer grotm C, t h an ev e:11• ~s s l avery wo o eli minat~d . ~c1 Russ i a una 4merica un i tacl upon a common basis o f omanciJiat ion . of ,vhich tho Gr and nuko Wld I mi Ght say , '' "uo r um pars magna fui, 11 I wan much e l u.t od by th i s specia l compl i ment f rom t h P T.)nperor ' s chi ef advisor. The Gr un d Duke Ni chola.o vrns 11 a b ird of .... di ffe r ent feather. '' Ho �- 5~56 - wae vory t a l l , tLnd r ather h un di~omo in poreon , wi th a race of groa.t b.mi abi l i ty . Re was fon d o f s oei ety ; and took a ll tho delight of a school- boy in the dances , and c>thor pastiJ'llos iD t h e Ru ssian c ap ita l. Ho was f ond of the ballot , of horno- racing at the ml.1III!lor- b arrscka , and a ll t hat . Ho was dcsorvodly popul a r . But ha l acked the abili ty o f h i s bro thors Con s t antine and :achac,l, who was Govcrno r - Gcrn er al of Ci:rcnsoi a aL Tiflis , as his c api tal. Poor Ni cho l as ! He had a. sad t i me ouri nr, tho Turki sh war; and hie many disa.atora called 1,y di stit1gui shed friond , 7 d . d0 Todl eben, of Crimean fame , to tho hoad of tho army in ~urkoy . who ma.do r1uick work of overthrowing tho Turks . It may bo just t o say h ero that i t was na i ther Ni chola s , nor one of h i s sons , about whom sorno sc1mldals wero circulatod a.fter I l o ft Russia . On o n i ght , at the privutm thoater of' tho ?rincaes d ' I t a l ie- ~ w~rrow' s pa l ace , a porsonaDo o f: whom I speuk ooro h crcuftor , most o f tho elite o f St . Pet e rsburg were present . !ho · :mper or . the Gr B.Dd Duke Cons tantine and Ni cholas , ti.n d o,thor not ed Russi ans , men and womcm . ,. ere guests. I , too , was inYi t,ed , and s at jttst behind tho thr oe per- sonages abovo n amed , as I d i d b1ehinu ·..-obster , on Boston Common in 1644. Tho :princess had than changed h or n ame , by marriage , from that of hor f irst h u s band . Count Koucholeff' , to SU.warrow, her h u s band , Prince d ' Italie and Count du Romin ak . now being on tho :mperor' s staff. The prinoe I however , though a gentl eman s.n a a goo d fo llow, was but the shadow of h i s b etter-ha lf , the princess . '.'h ilst a l l worn expecting· tho opening o f tho amateur roolodr arna , i n ~ni ch our hostess pl ayed tho principal part , a sudden noise , liko tho explo s i on o f small p i stol s , was heard as if under t h e stS5e , wher o tho perfo rmer s wore to appear . All were otartl od; but tho i ~ peri a l brother s -- H.11 thr ee - took to the i r heels , and d isappeared i'or tho t i me . - -- 'Ihe au di ence , however . k:ept the i r soat s ; un d thus , by tho non- cha l an.9 e._ o f t hoso who sat nearout tho point o f supposed d;..ngor , wnon cr whom I wus then ttbout' tho ne~rost , the puni c subsi ded , a:nd no r u sh was �- 537 - m~de . und no l oss o f limb or 11fo ensued , as 1s thP oro 1nro-y roault in s uch crowds . 7or rzy p art I desnrved no BTcnt crodi t ; :for T s aw at on cP what wus Cun dlos a.re u sed L'- lt'o€'ether in t h o housos o:f tho ,,,e..d.thy the ma tter . in ~u osi ei.; und tho pri ncof-rn , t. o \itlr7!l an d li..;ht s o l a r go a building . hud u sod f.;te am ano ea.s , e.n d tho con dcn oat ion i n the t ubos prod ucod tho cro.ckl inr; aound. Tho ':<m:peror und b1·otho rs , however , soon r eturned ; t1.n d 'the p l tiY proooe ded . ?roil , when '1\;batc:r scoldoa. Prof. 1-<'o wlor f or eulogi zing Ron1~y Cl ay , I thought that h P. felt unworthy r ivnlry; uncl when 1 found cyeol f st1perio:r in ooura,.,e , o r solf - aaorif i co , to t ho s ovorc ign heads o f a c reat ompiro , T could not f or tho moment but feel a-0me contempt f or gnntl mnon ·who , for t he ir S'"lli- prosorva1i ion , hud j eopur<Uzed tho lives o f mu.ny f ino women and men . ::speoiru.ly , i f tho "'Smpo ror , tho l i fe of the empi re , was to be s uvod t1.t ull hazarda . I did not soc tht.1.t tho l'lend o f tho a r ey nhoul d ulAo take to h i s heels! But I aftor~ard cha.ncoa r:ry opinion , TThon I l ourned that Gen nr al r.fhoee who ro ad thie 1~ook \':i J.l soo that I havo omittoa many h a rd thinBO provious ly published l)y me ngain Ai U. S. G-r ant. is nn honora b l e man , not to sey a 3:ro ..,tly in ju.rod man , ~nd , J:"lor o y£'1, , ns a putriotio man , I h ava had t o s ay har d thingn ae;~ inei Gr ant . But ~rry f'eol iDGS +:o\,at'd h i Pl h a v(" ch u:ngea . I no ,v b <' lievR him to hav() boen , r hilc President o f th<3 Un1.tod St a t es , g roatly tho vict,i m of basa1~ mon ; n.n d , t he r oforo , do him tho jtwt icc to appon o tho fo l l owi ng lRlbli c l ott er of '2dwnr d ·.~. ·.:ccook, tha t , in s spirit o f f a ir pl oy , my rcaoera may h v:vo s omething on t h e o thor side. But I r egr et i t as an tmha:ppy thing thui. . ufte r h i s d oath , thor o :.,pp oar ed in th~ roll o f t h<' nono HUDdr ecl" --thoue;h l ow do\m on t h elt ro ll-his r,or s t enomy , .:'i ah . -- c., 1885 . 0 -·ushin~-ton Correspondence o.f Cincinnat i Conunercis.1- (~a.zett o . ·e.ehington , July 24 . -- C'on . :;. ;'. McCook , tho well -known u.nd d i s tin.:;ui ahod oavLl ry o fficer . ha.a t.1.l waya b een a nca.r i'rlond o f Gnn nr el G:r a.nt . E~ h~s sent tho fo llowine commun i oat i o:o to ...:. fri on d: 11 The f irst timo I met Gen or a l Gr ant was thr eo du.ye be f ora the battle o f Sh iloh , \Thon h e -r1(.J.s in tho prime o f h i e mu.nhoo d , .s.nd on tho thresho l d of hi s f ut tiro [;r cutness ; tho l ~st t i mo I met h im v-1as aft er d g r ~at dienstcr h ad hroug-1it s orrow to himself and tho s e de arest to hi m, tllld when d i aoa ae h ud ma de i t o f i r st aseau.lt upon his iron frc..me . It wa.s then. \, .on spe okinz o i. t h e g lorie s of tho pa.et, the mi s f ortunes o f the present , ~d 1,h e darkness of t he :futur e , h e bovrod h i s noble h9v.d , ~n d fro m h i s great ho..u-t VlJB wruncr thi s cry: ' .Jl! G.enoral , Gonora.l . there aro oome th ingo .orsc- than 1 death . • 11 NO \? that Gr tillt i c der:.~ . t..hn \,;or l o ·. i l l beg in t o study h i s �- D38 - oa r o or tu1<l ~1>prooi .::1,t n r.i e sroa.tn o3s . Uor!mw.ndin.., moro mon tlulll t:JJY l ouder or mo c1'3 rn t i mes , i t ct111 b e truly o i (, of him th.. t ha n ovor lost u pi tched battl~; and , thoUl;h somotimoi r epulsed or checked , i'in u.lly fo ur;ht h i a w1..ry to tho r osul ts ho i ntended to achievo. C' r tJ1t 1 a mi litu.ry 1'1'lowlodse :ind nkill h -ivc oometim(", b('on qu crnt ioned by cri t ics ?IX)rc- a.oc uet omec1 to unshee.th tho pen t.h:.i.n t ho sword; but Belmont , ort Henry , r.n,1 ronelson proved ths t the 'lXT:!$ o f tho · est h o.d "\t L ist f ound ..i. Gen or ul ~-ho coulcl \', in victories , md brillb back to tho eospa i rin..,. hot.1rt o f t h e N..ition cour!-tge un d hopo. Then f'oll.owod the r oma:rka.blo campai gn in wh ioh , in l oss thu.n twenty d...;,ya,, h e fout,ht f i ve but tl os , defeated two a.rmios , oapturod eichty- oie,ht pi occe o f artillery , .jn d k illoa. , nounaoa , ..no mu.de prison or s more thun thirtoon thou sun d r ebels• l.lnd conclude d i t a ll v;ith the oapturo of Vicksburg. with it ~1 ,sarrieona dlld munitions o f war; t h.on . after Chatto.noogii , ho ,·1us mPr o Cornm~r1erin Ch i of o f 1.1.ll t he armi.os , ei.nd 1,ho wi sdom o f tho 1 o rushin~ r ~l i oy • ho ""doptod w1e domonstra.te<.l tVhen Lea surrendered tho wreck of hie am.y ut .•ppornuttox , an d tho £ate of t ho Nation pu.ssed f rom t he arms o f' the so l d iers into tho hMds o f t h e .voliti c i ans . "I th i nk thut h tid Gr mit , ,,ho wao dostitutc of r olitionl anb i t ion , b ooD p<' rmi ttad 1>! ,_li~ advis ers to inaU6urat() fl pol i cy r..-hi oh h i u sonso of j u stice ti]')~ k ina.ness o f hea rt diotntod , a thorough nnd cordi a l poli t i cal union b etween t h o :1orth <J.D d f outh woul d h avo boen ltillch l oa:s rornoto thun it i r. no;-1 . I b·~vo ccid thli.t I thout;ht him to a 0 r etit deereo dostiTuto of pol i t i cb.l wnb i tion . The ovaninB boforo h i s ina~ur.:lt ion. Gon. Goo r g('! ,J. r:hotnt4e c .nd reysolf cal.led i i t Gen . Gr ....nt' o house ; ano , r,ftor t ,~ lkin._. over tho Wlil: tmd i to incido?lts , Con . Thomas , just b ~fo r o l oavinc , aricl : " oll , Gr ant . h0\'1 do you. f ool about l ouving the old urrny , 1;tD d boing 1nuug-ur 1tod ?rnF;i d eni to- ~rrow? ' The reply of tho Procidcnt.- e l o ct wos : 'just as though J w·a!) g oine; into pri son f o r f.0111~ yofil"s . ' 11 ao muny cl ubornto F.ketchPn of thn cnre(\r of Gon nr H.1 ·r ._.nt h tlVO been p ubli s hed in t h o proos o f the country , thut I could ud d nothin 6 except in tho w~y of por ~onal reminisoPncos . I saw much of h i m both .,h ilo he l e<1 our r:irmi ,s r:.na utter h e b c c Rme :r1·of·idont , Jl'l8 I b oli C'VO h i sto ry h afl r ocordod no cha.r r.'1ctor mor B parfect in ita ny-,..m.iotry . Gr unt h"'s: boon comp c.rod to Nclpoleon . In h i a ool cl i orly qua lities , yos ; but one was an advonturer who fought f or ampire 1 ..1.nd \,hos(' ennius1 o.t--ownod h i s ,~mbi tion ?d h a t:uccess \.hich l eft t ho world no botte1"; tho o1,hcr , a oitizen , who omer ~oo from pov erty , ~n d by t he I'l.'3.gi c o f h i s e~n i us . ~no tho might of h i s sword , c ementer d. Un ion 1,hi ch o:ru:i na vor t:gain b o broken , t-nd fr ood ..1. r,.co llillich can ne ver ~gin bo on o l av ed. Tho most conspicuous i i t:,- ure in tho wor l d f or tt gon 0r ut ion, Gr ,rnt's n a1 ure r cm::dned sir1plc und modest dS :.L child ' o. '" i oltlint: c.. :;-r e,.,,tor power OVC"r tho 2\i1•1. i o n then ti!lY man s ince, the a llYS of' · u.ohinF;ton" th(:l.t 1.,ov1er v,P.c nnselfi ahly used only :{'or tho 6()0d of thf' p oop lo ; un d with 'l,hc v t-. .n qu i shed at h i s foot , (.1l'ld tho vi citors at h i s call , nl l ho uslrod o f both ,1ao 1 Loi u s h ~vo peac e . ' u-rh oro h~v<? b oon niono in thi a l an d ovor whoac i;lickno r-m so m..ny h avr, :preyed witn tb.c t nndornoso oi' ,L grei.t love . ftis p._1.tience in m1ft'orini.;, t ouched i,ho hoar,.s o f 0.11 . iio facod necth u& ho h ad £ucod ..111 things in li fo , with d i g nity und courAC0; un <I , rllon ut l t1et the ond c umo , h o wont to e loop ljJrn u t iroo ch ild . , n d from th<'l aummi t o f the 1.;0 r;r'-,nd ol'ld aol oll'l.l'.1 mountrdns , h t..llowod by the memor i es o f our :fatho~'ir st:rugglos -for lib orty, the groat ooul of our hero pae:->od i nto the boyond , bolievin0 the..t , i f thorr1 hta s boon erro r s i:n hio lifo , tho tears oi' ~ s orrowin1., Nution woul d wipe th.om f orovor fror.i the mnrnory o f men , un c'l b lo t thm~ out f'rom t ho book o f Go d . ~<1 u:r d M. ~:ocook. " 1 r0traE>tcd vdthin tho f i ro of his gtmbo ~1i s , l ol."lvin.., h i s oh d.,t oroll r Ac.:imenta t o be clri v c:n into tho Tonnessrio , no thf" Feoo:rnln l·crr, .t Bull ' s Blu1''f , thorP t o b e clrownod as b linci k i ttene . :-ortunatel y , �( ho tha [~U~ :i.ant Buell and ·1 :,·, to b A~ ln u ~t0r route, r;loon cal:'lo 1.1p. .tcr the oath of nd dr lbcrt, i dney Jon ton , (he . o gallan tly put t n to my :f'ool i!'h du.ol ' had prov d hi:n3cl~ +he :r~ tfrn gnthor ... n ~ccordin ~ o .1 1·' t··· t1•u13 that ~i t h11 chi of r:houl e}lia.i.'. Bhoul d :hi, t 1 na di c, i poro ~hon 'rant a h' c ulcl find , n,.. h,d n... ~« • llOt hon ichol _s though L?ld at f!.11 ~acrificoa . J0 , r :proc<:•edod; nncl tho princooA , ~i th h er lon , J:ich huir loo~enoc1 md nnarly touching tho J.leor, ii. the rolo of th n ·11 r1 ot te Cu shra :ti e.· L dy ,oule. troop. i Gr ant md nrl s :crrd te--:turo , was u vision tc be re:nr;mborcd,- - i 11gu- rebels . i:oef b o ; rf1'Lurnccl, ~he ) 1 in :1i )~t -clrc .r o"f my:itcri ou 0 oli , thou ht thnre ;ao n tim urviv,:, . or nJl t i ha .. tho ,d o_, J1nt, (in i,ho Century of tho .f.ly.; n upol 1on , l i c 11 f e , o_ the r elrnl genm:o.le . to hi p. oo , i.nd .:11eo tl1c co .t-t i1 fl th ot uithir. gu1:- hot r une;,~ . hcltAd till '.lne,) fn~n h e t j t.p such ... rar::noLts 01 b roken re imcnt8 t o t110 front; all<i , the con cdPr- 'lf"! t1 somni !llbuli. t, forev er , \10:rtntt1l .m .1 lon er ;beth! Vhilot ynt in - u ss i!,. . b 1 1.orc r h~o .ff~ i do th .t ~en . ~r m.t woul d be -'cho .i'ror;'ident o.f tho 1:ni tod f t1tm. .. r..nrt thnro~o1·e bnforn I had b en ro ·t1secl ~.ho compJ iruont of recogni tion or re:,1oction of' my 8nrvices t o the - tion by hi.:i, a f1 i c .•d of min<.: propoi."'cd to ~. nd. ru~ como of hi. phot o rHphs for rayaeli' family; out I · bsolut nly i1r.d mn.de by a l ady. o.... 'rmt .. Thn r r non r.an that n genornl 1ml ohirf- --~-Btuf .... . "1m·.rlinf, !1 1 hi T r • 1m0t1 , ha.d f ormed nth t. .~m . • 'ill -.. •·ourcc of s ucce. b ; an 0 '<"l'aO tim to ido-do-c ..p •.nd l v10 n.11 ce , r..ir- it!1 before tho nublic, it mus1 bo I'ulJ.y 0 tPhli: hed in the ,ju the .norm. in ho:::ioR, Buoll , ·r.io has proven thio e n1 iD,t•; correct; and ......o,, o_ ... er "l.favornbln I r ognrd.?n hj ~ mili t l:y tnlont o f hie li outcna.-rito . ~·hcrrn n. e c. ~lthough th, O"l.n ·me1.t of o~d, icmoi r s 11 competent ~d i;-npartial men. The bnst short account o rnncl i g i von hy o 1 . Jnmcr:: 0 :rri Gen . Jor.n Ii . R s:lins '\ hich .r h v o ovor non ' il: en, in hir "Pornini :,~ m4oofi of Gcm.cr<1l Grant, 11 in he r)t~io :>er . 1 88L, .Qentury pcrti.n:: a" i •r belief thHt his ctoa.th, :1n • er, t nnber, 18u9, S<"r1 ou r trn~o do cs ~ nd hich, o..ip- . ~ u a lo ·c to Genernl "rn.n"11 at a mo t i mnm:· t a:nt perioc, in h i t c rocr, the liberty of copying, r.s .,__o;i.10·;· "'<ar-1 inf" wn3 r.. muri _of cxtr .ordin .Ty bili ty a11 .L O'.I. co of ch•.r oter ; r.mtircly Gol ·-m d o an scl -cd.uoatod . hen hn wa.a t,;•vr:.ty- thr ee �' ) �(541) ' o did n ot he~ituto. ihon occasiOL rr ed to c 11 ~or i , to oxpro"'u hi~ opin~ on unon ..1 l quc ·t1, 11· concornin Grnnt, th r-.:.rmy coram ndin . or the ublic ';7< 1...' 0; an thi ho id in c o ... oroiblc. nd •i th r unr:nts oo oun • t:ho.t h e . over to ,,orrra r.d a ";cntion nr.d rN3poot, ~ 1d r r o 'l<'r iled on· 'o 81-'lC hi vi we dopted. 1 .. con not b o s i ... t " r nt TI,_ on " mod to tuko orr.ml oom1 cl 1th llns; 1, ut , owi ng to oircmm.,tm oe of po-.cson 1 nnturn, n l to th t1 rloss nd indep0nd 11"- ch.ii- cter o the 1 -tor, -..hiFJ m.~o but l i tt i c cliffm:·"'nce tc hi • "'r .t hirnsol.i.'.' ~RG :·~io!i:lor nei tho or e iquo~t o 110r <1;;r ncn~r; ;·1hiJ.st ""'a 11r..t nnvor nPrrn! tt~ n1. thcr to :-tan b · ·mnn him nd the: per orm nee o h t he er nniderod o be n ".:.1..f . 'rn.n w .. .l':'1 y ill ing to l i sten ; ru . nv"n if h o hacl. not bn r1r. , he oould not " 11 )1 vr. f •ilod ";o hen.r the r-t 1.tori u.n t nos :.n Yhi ·h ·~nv:li;"l oocnsio,rn.lly thought i no c oo a1.:y to imp u ·~ i~ Vi rv::: .. o L. st f or gc eral of... icH•r, no that 11 \:i th.in oar-nhot ni ht profit thorr:by . 1• I llc ver r ,mt to roscnt tL~ libo.1.·• :iot t .o.i hy .. ~li~ , ..m'i they ·.•ore m' y; out , on the contrary , thei1' p,:r. on in ima1.,J , 1 though r t.ra1nod at; tim~~ , w1d perh p . • i nally in oorno dogr c ir":::nornfl to ~r ant, romuirwd 1mb 1·olrnn to t.ha €'nd o nr , .ntl tnd~r- 1 up to th- cl.ate of t.1s1lin ' n • c th , in 186< • ien the hi rto .r o ... tho "rent obolli on chall h•.ve beei1 :fulJ y J. i ttcn , i t v:i11 ,pon.r th thi .tricn'l hi.p ~•• alike cn::'itabln to bo h n d beno_ i,1it?.l to ~he cotm t.ry, ll 'Zhat ..m lin. u .s, a . tatod by ,r an t him e , ' ore no rJ y in i epcnso.bl 1.; to hit-: hrui .y othor m i.n i!l tho nr :y.' rndc 1-:d, no thin iA mar~ ce1·t. .~n thor.. t ai. he w E .1 to eth _ :..1d i r> ~nf" blo; nd th t ha urn n ccn. t ;.nt ,. mos t j_111port nnt f a.1.; o 1T. a l l h cm,cernn:l (}r ant , 1th r. po on l ~y or o ffic i a.11.•, 1~ contrib,1ted mo ... f'! to hio :-u e:uo: a at ov ry tago of hi ili t r· cn1·e~~ th n,: c •..11 ot,h r o f fie ers 01' influhow 1 1 ru f i:l c d in th / C/ onces combi ned . '' 1:7hi l t wl11w 1 i •,. n. "r mt eH,ho held l i tort ue, or 1 f,~ but TTiRo · ordR. 'ar di1for ont zns it _tcr wl in ' r death . "' f c t i tctte - h uvo y f i rst bre~ch Ho- - oo d t tcd w·.on y bu lontth nth her hn . ., J.ovo rosos . h ol ie; li_f3 to h~r ..}hil d rfm all irre tlari~ios i~ und p!"(!o•ioo ho a. ~ ion"' ; ~bout ,y v:1.11 mnr · hP., m th ·o rgo01u dros. er; o Q~ o cloub~ . ,rybo y . ho ~vAr; hari ty. "!:." T ho " h OP.• n a.nn dovoted hr f co chie .11 mu t bo v ry irk ome h!c o i tion; no th t eo~finccl to th hich thr,nc un _ortu.nat"" ~ a 'inat blc; bninE in ! a i th Wt rof!orvc , .d not moro pre- 1 unc ~a:, lio • 1e lono~ but ir3 sha ru nui Io , oft~n haYo I seon the deep CXJ>i·ossior. o f n }1 7hr ;rholo imporj 1 fr. nil ~· n. ignity 1;h, t hi h o . crmv.n · i .:- all hi E i'arni 1. . ropu n ~nc e of cr1 y n · to o •io y, truly to all tlrn fern l& tlrnt ox rnr;Pion of f ooturr.m. i th a 0t1d an,l thn impor1 1 c1·ow11 unmixed - tho '!;hornr . pcrh p , bein fmin v ovo ~- ,o:nan , "ut v-ory dolicntn 1.n heal th , intPr .'t"n lroady 1th tho ~..mprooe . • he: r 1 ~ton, lmt this brou ·ht no in o no T"r f''S apathy w c n moE... p oke omen on.i-e oc , >onrinu Jm1olu , into the u ue.l form::i.11 if'r of ~ hand ·en by nd 11 the ir ~tc p r;<ic.o ! �( (5{£) o .:t~n '!oul ' I ony re, h Ve demo · ri th thi ooul fl eacapc to or "'hG!!l. thout :fe r of orror: Oh ! th t . o coul d :i l~o , th;;.. U.7lrr. ..l i ty an- prot,mH?! V :in ome quiet nook of Ch ' .,hat Uc 11 lovoly nature . thor to liv t ho3c only· ho :i.ovc us . unseen o ... hatr;.:ul, i~nrtinent oyeB ! t o·c occa: ion oft, n tc couvorr-c ho 'r.'.mpros pr·np ri ety oula, perhr...po , chip , :;hich gr ph . th t u o.h pri zed , ill he.; npokcn . ia.B e. n ti ve of :3 ''ho garn me her "';h oto - hich r ye 11 llo:i: child1·m.., hold oui o 'nw·1.rro·,7 , of ·,ho.n I h ave Ju ~ t tho 01 1 thie!·t Wf3 ~tr r nf! eve., ..101 bncn con idr.irr.r1 P. nm.rrietl to n1 ruiciont 1o m.rricd tho Pri nce d ' It l i . .t nttra.oti vc in u 1..rmero; ~... hou gh nho b c s.ut:r 8!nili ee · r.: ,_ idow t non I n of th,.. Governor- : ncr 1 of c-t . Pett rr- burg . m)t "o lo vo1~- in ~o turec . ny 'hon!' . r ... He:s.· _.nee wan rf"l l ar ; th v ry lar .o an· l n gui ohinno bluo oye3 ; · hi l nt her h f· i ri vn11 or1 in length o.na l uxur1 £¥ co 'JY tho v omm~ o f moluc..-~. he w·w \ omm1 oul o nd l!.. .• - wan only ,.rw u..; ed hn iop~ ·1,.1. f, mil y in lier priv,i.to pr..l· wo a:nc1 thee.tor; t o cntcrt inin t . Pctf'\J'Gbu:i:. aout;ht hffr ..c _u ai11t - imd tho mo " li i ,"tin _u i .·h ed peo31l e of i'l r hew fr i em'\o . s om-:-n moro 1>romi nnnt than i bo ria. , And for h.or bcrrn.ty ·; ho uwar row, t i c, to l oEe . 'hP. h •d .. ~ m rblo pal aco rm th" • orune tr. he.v 0 1 -:"'TT than tho PTi nceo ouot ~ou chole .... f' . of one u J• i 1u1h a" l, my fn.m11 ·r. ~c~ othr.~a . and o:r nl w •s : l:tvin(,,, ou..-- urn I h .<.1 her r o~pootful fr i end- thor0 wnr 1 in • ociety three or four -o · he I run thr• Eraporoi· , ana ~ .. h eir-loom. .110;. .c, i h wi th on o . .r.) roud. to bn m uno 0r1"cl · i th her the t\":ol7c ,1rnm I dinod en nn ace 1ni or. , o I h v, boiore snid . one d y I ~.., lf' iH 1i t o, )Y ~ho T?.rnper or 1;0 Cznrriko olo . . 'l, . ). ...., H n viJ.1 o; ho cu:,• ora i s for Cznr, nn i there . pend tho mllllr.!lar . , i h teen reil ~s in ci r oumi'orn, cc - 1 k~o intnrmiv.od . he .ri ncosL hGr !m, bend , t}_o p~•inco . C, •• uito oat of tho noble 3 t o a• ornpan;y" t h 1 ho~ o grounds a.ro ·1 0 ry ext an iv c - ii.h gro t 1orosts, shrubbery , nnd 1hvarro., ,van ho w n on the l?o io..1i o ilod t .ere ,.1th ta f of tho ~por or. rt oo �( (543 ) h pva2;.od that the .mpcro"!' sont me l ivorie 11 th OhO ..:cl'l n· foo".ca.n . ar- , 1.n 1:.ou 1 . oerv nt~ , tho <lrivor ·9 ~•re ;:orld 1cnc·,,;r . • i dent tho Prinuea le c." tend :Lnt nr1d oc,rore.l of light bo t over the lRke . 1S . .. h l " , .. h er r o uost . took a ~nut ohort t i 1J10 hor .. .... bl rnar 'tnci r overco·1, oven t o , had not cn.tioi1Je. tod w s ..1i , :ummar . "O ... t thr i11 . all erummor . <'o , uhnt w f n 0 i ... r inc had t • houln. n .. o clri rn b0e11 01i or.d \Vay , •hich .s 0.1. o~ tho cnl uto.ui o . m1>ress ' c , 1 ._,l en~uro y 1.0 ~ • ,10J ·o oti•:a. L.a. d ngor of her h o 1 th. o t ogo-th r,r . SH\'/ !!lUCh l said . "It I !'3 1 y one d y .&.l"0m • shiu gton. whon I the :.:rnnra e no,: l .1.orro1ve !~o . on t inc0ri t J ; but h€ ·mil o<l in 11 over mcrica t o ir..jure mo; and ..,ut .tortll in f~l l the 'c. c were r i go . thnt tho p 1n o t ook my ox- ith you! ,, frank a.n~1 tru" . count ot nn a.r... ir in an 1)00Aibl o. ~· _od mo nboui. i t , n. wo p I't , arni b ,...li r.!VOC1 in 0( "his iB 1 01 ·'he f i r< t t i me . I · s w.1.do aw ..r, thRt a Nrnnd 1 then , fo 1 seized hol d ihi~l ;cnt b .ck T ut r-uoh i s 1:=h'3 mi sfort un e vr.~ h ~vc . u spec tecl. tho (}t11rn o o ... tiia no t im( 1 n th"' ca:r: ri P. And ho ne , a.n oxpl nnntion of n<lvcrro c i:r wn .. t~cr:s i u 110 tho ~·csul t o:f m;r g l l e..11tr ion in OL.:te: qu e t e ; ancl thr. mbl i c ho.d ':'Thi ~h dru1 or ooul 1 or.lJ b,3 a.voi ded by t lkin: "'h" c pl en 1 ro" urned. +.,he rr:m o:ror 'P carri c.• ~o. chiv i n ·.... .1.~. l e:< nde.c • olgo r ou..1.ci h d not i nt i mate ; 1-n e hr:r comp nion t'h.P- cai·rit· e .LEY' u rn ed. , ho ·, o ei1.b l t1 , of courrrn. gi •Mn. or r n ne in t l enEi-th got in nn<'l drOV<' off. But, I had Viol tod f'IO ,tgRi n . n oon ,.... h e p1· i· n c..,,.,,....,., ... And very El • c .; , I did ·,vh t any bol7n gen t l cmqn - o-u,l d l\nvo dono. and t,:, tn~ :p.al aae. ! i . .o ue .. r a nd I h I tolrl. her to t to be done-:'? rmnninod und,3r thr- trcos t il ·Lutocr .cy, t nd, a" ntl vm.;:, drerrned ViJt'Y l i ght l J, ar; i r nin; Ghe s cmod qui tc r elu c tant to do ; but ":7 t i th ..:ncln?!le , uwnrrow, nt a l l I woul d fin,1 s h el tor undor thn trcuo .:ill .. ho carri 0 o, ri ill. of ~.;r.11 '.in from thence ilJto the cnrria ,-. , 1,·t ho.,. men ret"J.rn on font, I iiOUl d , \ 'O\,in~ in u Pet rabur • 't • ho had J1ot ov on b1·ou Bht any nraps , th" c • .tia e . C i • r nin; so thiJ.t mo t p ;~r. ons , ospe c i nl 1.y thf) mili- bring o?! t c~ r ;r o -.,_ice;ra, foo t men ill l i v,~ .. :,, , }!,CT li ver✓ uch u a.:rrov: v: _ o'1o up I . top_rn l thr I ole , u0° ·o rth , thP.. t a sr:1al t,ho . ·o, 1i th t o r i de in hi. oa:rri tC'1 \7 01· rould no lon .a the hi ch rr.;1 r nemi ou J.O'lt.tl 1 tion , lO lOt- Dt • epubli ce.n journal., t n -r •1ct 1th thf} !H.1ty . But ":;•10 ev ·r a.?ter r oocrv ,d . ,., 1 r. in t.1, 0 �(544) t o in~t·1ncos i..11 -which I e.ctc,1 iu the moet Jmm:ln'J nn~l oonsci enti ou~ reaped 'Lhr, fru i ts ,.J :i ch m(.nnor, C!ll~r bol on, tc cvi1- oer.· ! tlp 1,,:.lr -~ ' vicn Bcnm to m r<~h with e qual 1,cv:r-, .... in f'..Jl ptnt:R .,~ i.. 1- ell • .t..~ • 0 ·,..-rhile , ,,. oroikoff. _irGt ti 110 ers , rmmde<i nrm1 L..ll,'l v:•~ic r iv ~1 thr finn t n i ghi.. at a la y '1ho at ,i h slopin r h ir "':i ,l • t £>ndr th"' .. i no • hoalth; n~e o .o,1lJ.- bn.1 t \,hi ah ;oula icientJ.~ lar o, &J.d c•ul,.. -r:: ill.lm..cn r, :. : he n ,, 1 UYUr- us ru.dny n~ w•1B 0 1'1l<' ,,ri.miu1.l ~mi .1881.1 t·L, 0 t i:>c.11 I g;:·fl .bo.,c ordin r;· ri~o. rn~,;: . t•1tuno. . ..,.1r,- y ueh ronc - bud . te~ibur whe:r-o bGauty iG ro ,rn mo~ i1. hi h lifP., P, h"' v-a. i a.nt, of \o" . _., V I.. ~--~ o virLuo :f co-p i nt in i Hnknowr.. in -u~si a . --c . hi •.. ,.!" h<?. f1 r t en.tr cc into rrnna ocioty; e.':i" .ce of the A "DS•' tion ~1 :r '.i<·r. on .1 P.ppt1 r 1c nd, > o unu'!. th1 SA1 f- conoci ou::.me n f5'lVe a.• i 11 rn:ination ~lmol • . pi!'i tu .1 t· hen oync . w ·:10 tho d u lttf"T o'f a -nuncinr. t.hf' ··u nir.n c pit .1 c.c om on 1.• , n, .::-- onccw; who tuJ.rcs cho.rg('\ o_ tho l ndr :1nrc ia come to ml OlJ~:r .ti vco; keeps the a.ccoun to . end nJ ri -·oprio or <tra.•.1~ nt P Ono (l y tho i11 . uperviror , 1. yt pl ncos the profi s in :"'O!Df' b rJt ~ .hnro t;hn ino olc11";; ". ir t iH}re haa i.o LllL'l ho _i r t time ~ rnont:; th,., nohili ~- o ... lnr ·o e~tn.tm n i 1. tJ ro your boo ~ ; .n upn:r. •iso - c. le · 1:re- l i vinrr ~o o:rB5koff and. you ,.re ut.torl.,- i.·uino1: . 1' ,nore t hi e Pin donp· lr m,.ddr.n ,,r have (l u;ht, r. ,;-nll ol'luc t · 1.ng ln • o om· i'hooa . in th ~ ~dflm~ "or H::o:P.t tb:n further •07f"lrt~· . illd cf r·no pno r ,. r , 1l1n id. ,jn·t vcrg- If ycuI . on ~J _.,:o of your own , or 1 t iG n.~ 1 ..rge. '' :nd. 01-:-i :off n~ onted; the roe.rri 1:.ch \'ihO QO sudd.m~ ch .r. not kno"7 ho · r i i dly tu r .cec: the her: ,:I. cf tho :poor ~ t.110 ,.; orru n . l'"' o Tl o r 1nk .1.::i.-0 m int u ni m~, o 11 il"!.C • nto •n ,lo , Uf'3i :1 vo · trueP.t i do . oi: bo~uiy; ... or ·· i tL them he il th, vigorou. , buoy&nt , �( '546 ) heal t~. i . thR pri mo factor . .i he r oceivotl g.rea~; ::.d.ul tion. af.. ncted d r o ve ,.. i x !1.orsoa o ho,. cnrri ... ic:h . ""C . thou not in (.:oc )1 1 wh il e , tuste tho:r . • crondc1 from n cho ""r a?1c1 · nkoo ., 10 ~ 11d, .:.or ehn lor~ c· ate , ~ ~it hy dc~r oe once 1 h 1.d • l urgn pu.r- t;,; rcat o ylo; n::;t v.ntine .d .~i chol a . honor:i:ng mo with the i r pr~t;N1co . I m,~ao it a point t gather ., et.crn burg . . o fn:r ri., I cQul d ·.,o e ':hnr tho !no. t bo.!:luti ...-ul ,;romnn -.ln coL'll!la!ld ..,}~f>L'l, c i n ent thi s occo.ei cm. P mon; 10m m:1 I .,.,. r 1,ol\1 b th0 l'ri nce.·t' .!nrio ""ol ~0.1.ou.ki. C.n "l . f t i ck e: t of invi tati 011 . ,.,h~ hnt'l ::1e b i1at , tyl o; o:, , hen :·h, rw r l. Corsiko.1.i wt. s uro ~n-;-, i r.r urnd. , o ,encl her a in Y i ~ml ; ... 01· i 1:ncw hoT ,-:all . of b c i n ~ ft, m Jloyf:n 1:ron.(1y ht<1 h(n.· u ,cc1YOt)£• .;. i ttocl up i n ~ound thet . ho ·,,, n no 1 oeto=i , or h he larit I h ea:i:·cl o_ hor Pho w. h er n r; t he pure:ttory o J. the f P.l lcn . >ri n ·n ~o rtch,.co , li~cti mo v :mon o:f hic;n i11toll n~'t11c.l c,trr:.cture , wo.s qui t r on , nir r:r o t a l k i.i.1: o ~ thoi r chur1.' . "Ah , ;: ri ~ ,;r·>:.l, i 'G o .... c.n~a.Uc,n , thn i t:i r er h l young ns ye 2! ' • -o ind 0 cn, 11 s .id he; f orcns, ' i;oucr-.in hi8 ie • 1 in T it u.nd er tood o cmLtion '1!·1-' rule ..1.l"' a.cl~ ..cicf'l 1 e ;r l i .~ 1.hi.::1 l- -- - 'u he to roSf.L vn all my bas.n t iI."ul ... o koG- alof~ o thnr J\·c r..1.a ' S f 1·0 11 e.bout thi o m .ttt~r . I onl: l i Rt o.n• n thr o,.wnn i on of c.. uou r t grm..t v: a not to b<> invi t,,,,'i . ·re t yoli ti <m l oi1r:.ngcs Th~ p:rinc o v.:nn dcepl~.; ::. fioctd-l. by tai.. evon t, ·.n:t coerned. nf•v r tD r 0c av -r ,hi o vr:r . t 1: ·r•rtnoo . :101~ '£he prineci J.td o uscl in tho city, un<l , .. o doubt . _am:!.ly ·.vrm r..l!,O .foun · nbsnnt . h I .rrmliP.d. 'I h v ot·~ers a id. , a:nn maa.0 no replini:,. ed to wh b nl 1 . •,i eknd .o::-·lr- ,:n l i v- in . n"'v cr inqui r ed e.ny ·c of h in f orch e •...rl . I m· ooict y . ~f:t>d:r; . t, w n ... on 1n: id to mo one dPy : Hn ;;•. borr1 in l m.1y . no JjV 0ity o_ ~.ri :rit ~ l way:.. 'm ir.t- i ned his c.t c "'ndn~~~ I ~ , , or·e , L1: tnc no1:.nei l ~ o:r the �( ( ( 546) C:.o.r ru1d., l o.to i n l i l on .,. <', 1: t n1· ! l e. '. - u oin., ho r c t iJ.·~rl t o A1tPt1•i , i , to .; c • into u mori e 1u1J.blc cJ.im. ,. • my n t cr? , ·,70!!1 T. d o: \ hiah, n ,; ·n.;• i !': ~:h o c .? c, .... Hm nc tlling hownv er . I on·;o .rumor. a. '1ortchacou h wa~ n ·.i 1 i -1-;ho ; i oti TfO'?" but l i tln o... h .i l u ,ihropy in hi i mr>nt B Qni • •i l i. '.Ir:. i o f t,he r mporor , h n f! • l.i p ovrnr . io. lie -'..11": r·7 l~c t ., f. o:.·q Hlnni v c, e nc o_ t h e 1nogr csai v r orJ.cr; hu.'.., a l1 ~.dv ncr. ou°J ortti n,ition to tho m t ocr nt i or vni ... t o be '7•.J 11 r.d de in I n . prn.kin.g ono d r.y of oomc RCt :, d : " I t ol d him he r:i•c'lc t h0. lm-;s , und F:hmtld o o the l af'l · t o v i olutc t horn . " He w ...· , of (~ourao , t he v : - 1 bor nr i n the 1 ib c rf, i..or. o_ tht? s or ~c ; out i t w·~s n 111ca!"; urr a ... d evol o-pm· nt , i ~1: hun, n o wor e. A young ontnu· - :· 1 i. .... st iron .Amorice. , boing iritro:si-u.ced ·.. o me , mal:e a u 3 c)f ul trnl fii z tion of t ho y ouni; mr:m h 'l.:l rE.t i r e:1, ;ortoh·\ co·;1 .;110ri ~ thn.t r\u, a J a mi ght n irr>( clmen i n . olunc"i . ~hc.i.e tho " o h nv o nc. u ne id 8 ,L O )O 30(1 o ...A k oop a fo\7 an c1cc1 - 1., npern i r. thf? p e.1 o e . o f p,1or,la , of nlow oa11~c i t · . a ~7 orni. mr ntr ; t hat i,• Rl l ! " ihon thi'J :on i tors WOl'P- i ntrouu i'.r nd tl,om in"to hnr n r..vJ . inv cnt..,a · uoe i1,- .!.'o1 lovf:o ou1· l e nd , und .i:hc-r·o wns m1.do of motEl a b o .uti .iul mi.n i - a.tur o .or.i tor, nnd. :rr os rmt (; d 'by t h e n a.vn.1 of .. iccr s to the pri nco . of h i b.,ll s i i. -w ,H soemea v e-r s uch {1 v i ,>l yea. t 0 the-: public a d i !·a.tioli, an d o. t..o11a.cow ..J1i o s howed mt'!t t h . ~ i:: he '":Taro tho l ct~dor oi .....11 J)roun. of ii . llC O . r e i d t)!~ti· , .n c llod t h o 1 bc:-en gri-.c~uall y ol t 1il:.'"'--;od , ' n s l i r-h Cl u b; ,. bu t the f orr.i gu 01('..I!l.!'Ilt h•!d .r..<l i t . ~· no\, l -1 ',o ,~thor t ho oaca.r ion of t h~ Ameri can n r..vy coning t o .ut 3ian . Here , on u . in, they wu~ c o,1toi-ta ined . ~paech00 ;1cro m . ,i"'.l ,y Gor tch cor: m, ~ ot 1 .crn . in,jllt,1 iil ~ roJrsolf. a rola. t.oa . At one Hi n ·m .in.or \1t1~. f ine . n1.,1 h i .n tleli v nr y f acil e Tho :-y>ooch we.ri. aho r t , hut f orci bl o. '';Pr i nce . i ", i e makn a g re .t l e ..d er . i t .t took o ,c ,.aion to p ity ;mu h n.•rn not Heu s o o: b c.1.orc ,r,.J oxpr nr oi vo . :1&:J" i,O h i r.? 011c CorJ.mm a ; yon ·. ould ?10 princo 1 :fee.rod · oul c.1 not b e plnr-.n c,1 with r,1y f r ecdo , ; 1lut no w io qui t o f u l.1 o f t:10 i dea. nd ! u h7 y ~3 h.nd o y �( ( ortc}v con ' r: • r licy, cou:roo , inti rfrn:-nd . i th tho ·,hole li;h• ·r,'.l cou. ·so of ✓ n V.'e-:'..1 • ·,narc'to d Pnrl i r..:ic;~....ui ld, h ·1c b~e!: tho reo1..l t. ove rthrow or t;ho lmp, r i u.l >or. on r- n nrrv,,r . , .- .But. -:1.o , t :ri1ltoa in 1 coul 1w v ,1J..· bo, in h i s thoughtB: and. the ronotion ,,., i.r: , no c'? oub t , r ..1vonr agl'ld oy him , · her:. i..:v' 11 .nf' h'1.d ben:n mad(} no 1cns;er -nosnible . are but ,pooul~ ion• '110·"• rcv0l r!eqttm ce of t:\1 f,- ()V 0 ,1. , ~:l D. nt~ , - do or r. tho prince w s right . my but , f1• i c n ~· fro@ th;:, p.cinco urcs, •m cl 0 - nd net tlrn·.n:.. nny f'.!'C~ clo. n c b. crv•ti on o .. hi r mens- 110\ he.::itatc 1,,0 t tn t.his nn,' th c ub li , .:o llm. ,.113 tn ":he \': J.C of no. :.!S!l- 1nat ior , 0011.ld nroduoo no other .r0~ul t th n 1h c .no t rl inw."t roru aw:rcny, md . issolutio n o nnd tho , ·orlcJ. ~h i 1ili •• ornpL.·e into pctt7 tyrr::nnins n.r.,_d ruw if"L t bi..r b 1"ris::1 . 1 Ni l l r>"rish; but hi ·urvive , :..or -':ht' 0iviliz tion o 1r tore<' ~ ~ : ibn.. 1 11.1 1d in~ l'}l} :.u.l.l Et: the - u · ""iPn rw oplo the it c~r..sol i d ::ion o f the empire. l i ty, unrnixecl with 'l:estcrn }loot1 . · i r t·tat1tre w s mco i u.n, ruid he tt r.d 1aoo not rcmnrJ-:::able. but his c7en, o,.. • tii x od. gray f.nc\ brO\ n m 1.J1 o;. your l ., \"':ero f u:;_J o ... t iro . nrve .t sn.w a. rnoro h i 'hly r.or-1fous tcn1wrr.mcnt. nod li. tencr, knap1n ord oyor Avi,1· on ;rou:ro , ·.nd he w 13 .hrupt v.n<l di et.. toria.1 to th<'! 3nmo d egrof.l . E.d: .r b c.Jc to thr l i 5ht . o.nu no r tlrn r.1 .11; P..n i th 'lit ~ow.r~ th~ li ~~t. :nd. in · ti.i w _n o. y t.nm rri ~h hi s.il!li lnr,o~iti on"t:ithh.in , ana obnervchim 1 }0, soor. 1 ':l \r"' n lialred, ho 1>e i?l one •.ith '-1£_ julp " :i . I \'H·ul <- ou:::s c • t ;kc a. ith e qmtl olooencnG . to trnnt mo ,.a . u~~h. a..cd in ~,ht: short notes. -'.,,Lr•rr, h o v;ov l rl narally , c,; 1::•, 'lp hio eyes upon the v i r-i ~or, -;;ho~ r" faoo w o.nd 1!0.1:·tch. .iting t Lble , of Hi I i C'1.t .;: cftmi hM r(lJ ... .r:om �'5• 8) dip~om t i c life ; ~a o .. pol oon ' •• I rn of g.:ra u ~ly 01mt v n e , and succeet'io 1 t i mo, uho rm.. y ot l iving 1.1. .. 861, , ho& e m cqU11int .nee cath,o.:s I W!.- o ~onr1·;,,d about th t \,i mo . :av Hi. clrode o r oa in me lbart .. llo.ti . , nnd rrun ined cha.nccllor throu h life; but ~ortch co .. cting ns pre i r , a ,1d onl y . w , no:rru. s.1>il i ty -n nc1 m c chancellor l ator. ddrc' I th1nlr h o ,;J LO not oquall od 1:n o t i me , thou h ho h cl m· ny gro t r iv ~ls i;, tho 1,ramior h i hi n t i cns ponuriouo; pntfrr aburg. l l y , • .o or rel o.xo:'·ion , nn Te noi th,.. c of tho 'hom m 1 gr v; !1 , .1o·c u on 4- y ro I c r,'8.?"d , me .i i r. OlA'\7 prom1,~e o.. hou ht l e_t him but u ni .. Ul'n, onor uturo fnma . to c .11 u en hi ·a-~l m , of 1. . .1. o from ·hi h .. ro porl i i:l ~ n thi. , account o 1 . yn r. u. pect.-d t 11 t t him l ';7 gr l Yl y. C it e •, y .hn 1, t tho co y r.oalou riond . t o_pinoa.o in .y l i o , uch pl o . nro und in .. 11<0 ual ~ ro o .u ni :.us ~ and in ,y fi ht Ii th ,hich ho parfcctly under tood, he WlO y um oci tion i aaw e. .oF.c;o\i' , ho ro· t y )1 . tMd to le rn paid mo by th n r- livin; t ,o hilJ'i , but l:• 1 m rriod 0 W on I ,. r invi t. d ... o ucc coded. 1 hsl b een roe i v od . tho whol e . t. o .. l L .. o . of nou rso , the lo di n ( '0•1 t.i on'' 1; an l h o s1-)o.:no1 bottom of many pecuniary hi nd took grc t c re to make him ny fr i r:nd . of him . cnthu i o 4 cou rton:r to :i n,.o:rio.i.· m n than ifc, b o or thi n , - nnrt 1n· J ,1. i ma v ry .o.r:-fnl of t c feeling. of oth.-,rA . nortoh co ·ra ... de rn oth rn. p r. onnllz.,· ho w s not .o ,ul r in t 1ia1a of observ tion nco . l ost h i s 0 R'?li ,onr ·t , md had l os .d but v i l i ttlr. tirn0 nn :r o 1, nn i srna. ck , P l!n~i·otor.. th, orce . . pi d 1 Ull t el o ammo dn • • d ookl. l1l d tc roo .h ven , 1o , ,vri , 18G!". ' 1.ird . i hnond h . 1 1 rn . hi b roa .G n i ?'ol- ho ili t i.ry mi #tion of tho outh. ' Uld oli tic l o ci"i , on c ini tro , copio d ' un tol o':l· umn1 d ... "'too :.1 q1.&i nuP. un bril i ncc · o en r c,.. r, r. lea . iott V Ui - J C ' s.n 1 ti n cl~ ln lt-.t to, ot 1 Tor ti tuti on 'l 1.1 on ro•·ulte lo proch inc co"' d ' unr> 'Tn ' on fo r tn ol ui. .. P•mte. ct t ·1 von~. lo . vr1 1. ft r t e urrondcr o L o, • iff~rnnt l e atione en E" . t. tcr bnrg - · 11 o ocu r r , 1·0 i-decl �~:J'!!ipS thi zing With tho (:'outh - m....do ma hol1 a.lofi' frfln the.ll. :ftrrma.1 intorco;1roo . ~on the c ol:l to.•m.1.·,I mo, but , N1 f;l<)On &S !!l nnor clu1ngr-d. 01. )Y OXC<,l)t ut1lic waP in dnngo:r, 1;hoy we r o rather OUT.' 0 :USO gre,7 trill.'?lphant. thoi r \"ihole ,..ven v.c1·0L'.3 tho strcot , 'in our uilkr3, thoy .;ou.ld ohe..n c to tho fror~t, ar,d rn.ii;, r:i i,hcir h o.ts ! • uoh is tho W!l-;J of tho grmit. Au F>tJ•in . of ~ou-.,:-ee , ,r,ae our most p1·onouncod ena~:.l' il~ ,uror,c , as thi'.l '!;'rmoror ' . brot}un· . ·;mr.i.riili _, , 111:.i! boe:1 p l ~ced on tho .~oxicru1 thror;e. 'Boin ~ in e. oquo. 1 of nobloc cmd d.ip"' om:!.tes, j_n ·.1hi~h Au: tri one rcmnrke cl . 1.n~(;'3n!1 o brin Ym. inolu dod . "It wu.o 1 :.montublo tr.!l.t the ·mperor nhouJ.a h ave boen shot . 'hal d. n~ a prinonnr o f o.r . " '.!Jy terr::!! o .•.' lon p,;..ffe:cancc h !'!d co~rnod, ancl I w ·e tho rf';)r.coen'tati vc of r.. gror..t .;n io. onc e 1.110.ce . I Yor-. it is ILU~h t.r. b~) r cgro~.:;od that thoy shouJJI. have !-1hot, rc:>l i r.hl 11 :.~A. yi onn:~ ,-en.ring un iforr.i."', a.nd .fi ghting i n dof01 se of their hornor u 0 a.inst o f orei gn iJN.clcr; i t if; not , thcrcfcro , n·..;rmge th "u . ·,,rnn f o1:tu..·•ic3 f nv oroet. them, tho:.M peer. 'bc.-rbnrinns ohould h n.vr followed t=io illnst.r-5.ouo t:11 oxnmplc. •• Thi s cut to thn v ory 001.· c a t1i cl. 8 but nothing Yr n so.1.d; r.othing covla be The -nuss i ·m v;ho were prcocn't r.ruch cnjoyefl. tho thine;, but i t v: r, v.orm.woo,1 to t hr.; Austri ann . he ~:c~ion of uss:i.r-:. in the we r fm: 1.·un garl nn inc1opn:ndonce ~;nvod t1-rn.t ,,mph·e, as _;_a well kno,m; .nn when . in '!.ho Crime n , t.r, u stri n o"vooa no~mingl y neutr"ll, lm1, in i'oct s:v111:pr~"'1..i ring \'rt.th thn n lli eti poworo , As oo many of tho Au~1tri an and -qu ~:rni n l:oonly :Celt their ingru.titudc:. T1,tr1dnh ")_·ov inoo~ nrn cc -'10 od in ,Jr.oat p·1rt ot thn ,.,,, ~ nia took or.pecia l pninc· to court thorn . .". lsrgo dolcgt1.tion of the race .. es entr,r1.r.inocl nt ft. P.oterslmrg by th~ no blen ,...11 0 .J. ici ally, Mel in whi 01. I ·,--: a not nu.rpri oed, then, at t he th1J linea of ,:.ni ty wero inuintod. on . 'rurki ah · ir, in l a.v s ru:d .-r c ol. :;hur<h , ·h i oh Austri c. w.1~ \"70rstod ao \'iall · a~- Tui·l:cy. a:nc o b ot\varm Au s tri a and Gormuriy i s no~ ~ hhorcfo Itt:tly o:r Fr..nce no nge.·nnt -Pu .. nis.; 't'' , or 'rcrmmy fo !"I Tho alli- no much agains t u s ia ' c U.l)pro nch to the Bof'phoru? , n:nd the overthrou of t:!.10 u.strin.'1. E11pi.:.·0 . .ut wil1 nrvor i'orgi v c .us tria; and Tu1l:oy rm . uotri 'l nro bound a f't'll . hothor nu aia holM~ the !'" tra i t s , or 0 P.. •noia new etato supported by all the .iropoRn powt)!J.'S :rer.;ul t s , oho \,ill be +-he g .inor in h a·rin , i f not e. �r ( (550) Th!' two g reat; po·.vorc , e.n ·rnpol eor. f.locme t1 to i'orn ··o, . ill event.u nlly bo, in tho ~,orld I J~i ' tory, t·pi rit in a l l the 9:-rcn;. po~;e1•r, , includinB ~.1.· m l ar-t nvnn C1orm··m r.1ay b~. omo utocrauy. :rt , ~e liberal ~ill ovorth.1·. o. a t in be.roly p o s. iblo that all ..iropo If so , tl.on epubli cnn. t ater;. mrnia tt.nd "Ghf.l Uni t oo u nii~ m y b~ st~yan in hor wo13 ..,- w :rd march . ....nr;l ma h ac ployed a groat pa~t in hiAtory , 'but I ".,hink. ho even nm·, oar:r:ici; too mu.or. rmil for •ho bulk of her t-:illi p; r!npi:ro of tJ-.. o \"lorla lar-itor..s to i tc d i s o oluti o •• • c;pir-tion~; bu.t, on tho contr nr y. fea] lil::o T olr fa.thor- l etnd , nncl, by our pro tac~ 1. 01 t o th 01 1 :i.go . At all ~vcntG, ◄ J1ough .nd tho grei.t l or tllin I have no i vi:c.g o. hGlping 11n.nd , llowinc i~o1· n happ~ oympa.thi zing r:<:1th I.r,::l anii ' ~ ro 1 wrongn . I •·ould offoctunlly dyrmni ~n tho aynumi t ore ! ainco '.. r i ting lip so long browin g b ovnoon l u. i nto i .r..d in rf;Vi fY,V, tho to thia poiz.i. • <}C'nflagre.t:1cn . It i 0ii l.1J:c . .Lton orl . r , G:reat Bri t ain , seomn about to buret e.rH1 p o. r--ible ~ gl 8.l1c mriy. by a. supror!le effort, defend her allien , the Afghans , ngainet Rus'..lia ' ::- attvanc c; but longer, eubrait to ruo'h lifo-i- tru.gGlef)? .gnir. , tho n1bjrot pooplo of tho 'ar;t c .n not f 111 to seo thn", r.hil c - ui: s i e. annimi lat<ir: s ubjects , n gl aml mmluvos hors. if n ·l -11c1. er con- ind . in ~uoh i soues, ,;r;1rnre rest hu t on the ,111 th 1) t1nbins ed :Jymp.!thio..:: of the 1r,tr?7 liL dl~~ · orlcl nida of tho cppre:Jscd? ..: i t.. Cnn :n l and mu ch o f ton or. c ...- .•uC'h rr;,mr..in:--J on tho border a ll "!.hP. numo . m:rnro u aon.l d move e.11 ho:r \7!l .1th to :ndia, un.:i th<:!1-~ oatablioh hAr cc-utr<>.1 powm: , 'lOOi.I i l ..ting I:i1di ano and _'hin - eso tma · r cne rout c-o. ·olid ~tc · orapiro. L·,~1 md and ller inn ~ti ut,.,. n i tcly. ThorP. ·i•1in · ,tp hn uropo .n 1·i 1•..l n . ho mi :11·t i i s l ands to u.rvivc inricfi- O~lrnrwiso , i t ir b,~t n quc tion of t i mo then '.r.c !ilu....., re aat to b e in r,ir..nso bein:~~ ;"0!"1C in trnclc o.c tm.nuf .otur oa . keep up th("} c:u nnd li'lP much o!' u . ion • , bj . •ct a.n=t. eomo mer ly tleni1;cno , 01.gagtd pnrt :from A.11 othors . :inter bo~r-g.rdon~ rJ1d aaloouE. ~~ 0 ~ he ... athr.r - 1 nd , oms o '.]wy h ~vo t h ir tho c oci a l an thi P foaturr- o_ ,c..:·.:mn lifo i a much cl i r:e;uaaod. e.u ~1J.Ii1!tl£!" and moru ~ffects of ocndomnoc'l o I r.n9.ny �(601) Puri t nnr; , I frcquent e~ often these Irr. gine , ':hPn , an nc lo~c li park on one o... tho l,o, uti.1.ul i s l and drinkin - ;. 00~} , bo11li.. - lleyo nci f~ne b nd of l tLUBi1 , sk of boer on t p, ~rom · hich [ re filled \':: th cool uid the -r:Ar 1 gJ.e. so0, borne h [' th OPt0 E i r.h i ~h i ga1·dcn. he i c-atami , W.l nee :.n:1. :fen.min 0.J Cl ir tri m.tod d ys , -. •here ,.- 1 . ...he :voun'J nn omen an chil ron - ronoi·t on tho old, t~o , •f"ner 11· • b er :onal c ikeo . tho prets~l . or rofreohmon t of h. n c gs , Lll ornan in them durj n a ll y t·.y i1. that country . ~•i t b them 1 a not o. m re cl!"ink . but r:t mds a~ tea or coffee - .ouJ a be lilrn h am an tonpin he p ork n.Y?.cl boe.ns o:.. 'i/Ol!lOn. anl children o hus ~ti~ s i le of tho vci d th tno t l anti , ,l e .r~-t1e ' onn~ cu,.tonm tm OL ae.>ar t.lon 0.1 fc:milioe . o~t th . ,henc g.r· m u cnted by 1:nother olaao of mon nn 1 ·otncn , O i?n ho 'Yf.:.nk1.,o, holascmc rcatra.into o f the, 3a.me , ·.vhich nrc lo t to orice.n c ethon of troatin t hei r .a the cro·.-aod \.!i+.,,J nnJoy 1·r~sh ai r , light, nnd the beautioo o ... nature, n.n the Beer ere tht- :p<' ... - t', "ouainm·o mon . o ,gs of -:.ho <:;outhorne.c . and 1·~tair, th~ n l ks . frequent r of thnsn g rdcmB , nnd I no,lo... cc~ n o . , I , a~ nm.ch I a·, , to ttn- s m.Hl goo . etc .• fllld listin to the rJ.n i c , or proI!lana.do about tr.a <.1.ru11.k ~n rnru1 or l i ,._ :id yo,t hnio oomn i dea of tho beor- ITor.o the · rm .n. - m~n, th,:r,ir :n "... '111 rolUld ti bloo undor tho trees , oi.~ on ti10 bcncheo ttin urround v itrrs, ·:1hi er. ¥ o 00•1ornl ncro O.lkG , rofre"'hmen t and i th ...gr onbl e ::-ha.de ..nl gr voJ i'ino old troo. , or ,.. ynel !' • to r ec :ml Ju~ o ov , ln t.ho suburbs of the city, c,ont 'ni:t o:t' the 0 TP. O1·t~ r groatly in fu.•1or, ·hon .cl w1loomJ f 'ling ro freq- aomc o culture, or pe:rvnrso neture; and ·or .,hieh tho not t 1~ re on ible. ftcr long axpr:if! cc cm On t!l ob trV -.1holo. tht , am i'} , of ·ne <1 1·,1·mau boor- g rd0n; nnd in f var o ... full liberty to all in "he sponlling of tho or tho --;n." to cur abba.th . and l nw, s nd here i"' room ir , he t, clo mli ne dobn~11.n plennurc. 01 or tl10 phil 11thropio o_ all c ct , ./ h~rfl ohm·i ty o · co.runon fund, prcvidc monte , ..:re: h i!· , not by prohi h i tion mu.oh a.a by f inding high~r l:.nd loo 'body nna :cind. . ·ntfl P"T ' u i o~ libr :rio. Ul ood-chcer o 1 hm.p 1·ci'r0::1h - ll ir? .ocontji..inds. �( (652) 7n.e li:.:ii ts of thcne . ·r::moirs will not allo~: ma to in luL ' JUCh in the men tion of p1•roon"' 1 ,._·ci end ·hips of great va lue to mo , but c f little interest t o the roadAr . Yc-t I mu.a briefly tm~ch upcm sorno n 1mes to whom 1 of whom i e cluP, gratoful an rcci .t:ion in JOth u personal an d 1rnli tioa.1 O'Jnse . I hHVe the photogr O.f)h~ of e ll, n:1d. I think. tho autog:rz..._plm o .. mo, t of them. H~r Imneri l ajosty gavo mn the . hotogra:ph{' from li .... e of i..nt? .poi.·o:r m..d. !I r Impori -il 'a.J enty gavo mo thoi:r ·-;hotogr nphr· nnd h i r auto rl: )110 , nna honor0 ed mo by roqu.ostin g my Oml ~)hoto ~· nph, "lhich Titlf.i pr·oud1y givu,.. Tho Grana I uchess Ccm·t nti11e g.1.11e mo hor photog-i.·itpl">. ...nd th..'., of her be utiful da ughtor. tho Queen of Gr eece, in nn olegant vol1,et .f r,:une , Hi th their autogrn!_>ha. !i!U.Ch Tho f.h'1 nd Duche ss Helcno ·nan .. c of ~ho trnperi,11 :f .mJJ; i;;ho 'lto tho Prine~ J?ier.re d ' 01donb ourg- and family . honored me . prinoo we.a a mr..n of intollectual astcG , ,i th r~ho ·reut nimplici t~, cf char- ac tnr. a.na. o.lw·tyu I thou -~h unuaual 7:i th tho !.mpcri il family , i-fJtu.z:71cn Hi s d,-u chter rnat·rif)d the 'lr und Duke licholaR , thc:> 'roperor ' e visito. or ot.hor. tna . ou.nt rcgo11·c ... t r ognnof , r:110 marri nd the 'rnncl Duch Ek :nperor 1 n oi ctor , v:a'"' -~ho fin est lookiI.£. mu.n in Ru1 eia . ;>rinor.: ,.nurlir.ii:r , B,1.zilo, ;i.d many ple P.fl! t d1 .ys; tho J:'1·inces lov J y wife rmd daughter_ . otuminc when I wno a.s our.ch:ti."o 011n broncl. !ary • P.rinoo r.!cri.;- •i 1.h ,:-:no 11 I opcnt ount Jen.n ..praxinc and 1-..ie vloff; thn 'i:he Count Q;.-lof... Du",tidoff and 1'..iG fnmil,.r; tho ncl f r,il;·; . ·011.."'l. l; . ....ouchnJ efI-Be=iborodko, with of the :family i n hie ma ~nifion!lt g,-1 :.nd h i s alP.gant chn.ten.u on t h0 b!1.nk of ":;ha l andson.po groundc . t'? lo:rnndAr DoJ.gorouki nnci thei r f .mi 1 ic. , Pr .ince Pi.ul G g.i..r n • 11d hin .m~ ' a ,:i fo anc1 dau htcr, count ✓ ova, lH:l in the city, i th nn h-und.rod I clso o&,: oomethin · of :r.ir· 001mtQcr· . who \7 c ros of .a I!J'l.tOh I w e intirn:i te ·.,i "':h :euul rozlo:f:':' , hie fa hf3r, mot hor end .:>e--iu1:ifu.l - si3 tP.r . 7T1H', m·irrl ed. Col 01101 '"lot t. the tli ~ c- 1 o- crur.p of. the mpcror ; Baron c-tic ·lit~. tJi.-:. ·un~ie..n b ·m ker . an<l lu11Y. viho en+ .., ·t iuorl mo much at his ci ly a.nd ,!01.mtry rnr.m·ions; Pr1ncor,;P •01 "1..e ·:otschc uboy, Ht the } id of u , s i a.r, no 1,-.1 y out:Jido of thr:, i 1pcriRl family . rr:.·idenoo, r.nd -r •intl l anu.ccr.po ground: an r mlid oncc in tho countr y, where �(553) ! v1a.Q o.:ten nntnrt ..i n od. Her son , Pri.nc~ )(:.lo:~r- olu d. mt:.-1·1 ied .a.<1o- uoic e:1c '.Kobel {.t':r, t~: o •,i .:-1tcr cf tr..e funou. gnnc.1.•.J_ in the 1 1.1.to A ·he :fH.mil7 v:orc 'cob r,l, Scot c h. 'Ruosi ruii zod by f: tlc1 ing loff. t hou ;h :!'.)l.~in-1e•,, tu.rccl, ',"':'"f.' R0::r a m1ghter, the na:mG \7 .e n t1H:, Princei:;a Trou1rntzkoi , v nr;; f· ecinating. the 1?:rinc-APt· Orb l i ' \ ii; B•.r onoas ,1 . J."ev:sk~- m1d lioilvi .•·e 'Rzowuuka ancl hu c b and . tc one o::i.' · 'i!r}r i J1;e:.r ; the Cou.n tc$8 chil n.ron I n·roo<1. god.- f) fathor ; Hadrune ( ·01m~o:-:::) .Bnrncho:f i ancl ho::- ni ntor , ni oce. .. o,:tch11cow; U:1clmr. o a. o o_ l'!'i ll(' Po ol ov tso~. .r', tho adopt oc1 daughtor of B ron . ti eg- li t ~. , n lovel y -.rnm·:..'l ; '!n.d 'llc Ol ga. ~ vikof~~ the ,,ountcse '?1·r_tn~ .,o ...... - 1echmrt0!·1 unr. P.on , th· count, •..nd :1. nil y; n ronens do Jomini e.rH'l her In.d.unm a~i k o 1.nd -f .mil:,; tho ':a.ronesf) Ol ga father 1 r:- :f...mily; choff'; the beauti f u l pr:.1100, ~a1li t zin. hroust- '01::ntess ~.;o rcll, and 1rnr f,, ,hor n.na. ~.'ll!uil:· ; tlln -~.,h nc o:: '"Thom the ,. r omof; , a. ·,-:-enl th·.~ co":l!Jonl'"l:i.', ·ho vrri.:, very -- g v c u. soi (:30 to Fox, v1•1r· :nuoh r r; .L _ : m. r . s.nd. '~homnn '~innna , o.nd Gco:rgo ,ngl:f.eh o.:rti nt , •1l no '"!onr·ul Pi oroo if>'1d; r. ~ i J't'-1 , i t. 1.1.b lo , ':O!' ox , and .. flllO who [.'.l oo ,:Aro 1.lBo ' l~o mo1 i 1.l.fl iuoa ; c ul. , r..i~tl rr , b ·otl-rnl' to tho fEU!loun 1.d family , t·-J. th nl1 o f who.zi i wcrn rtu i to i'!!"':;i 1m:1t0, and ·,;, t11d th.1;;11 Connnl ~oo . omut z . oftn1. ~ntn'!"tainou~ - all of t h o:,n , ·w.d r.:l'ln:~ o -:;J111rn • . :o 1oubt , equally worthy of monti m1 , h o!!l J\l:lon g th,3 'nont b onuti ful ·.1ome,;, .i th ,;}!om I vw.l-l ncquaintcl I may nBme tho ' u oen of 0 reece Olg:.1., Al ex~di.~n_ hor "IO the:::- , c..ncl the ,,r 1.:i;na Duchess Relono, ~he t h ree p1:il1ooc:;ses . <-"1 ~o rolli:i ; the princosRao :en- ·:ofll off. Opotnchi.c..i n') , ouki, the nt oc,:'l o; no--· f-"chcrhl\.to..:f, ::::' i err o md \ntoinctt& c.,ohon.moff; the • ri1~cn~s 1.r,lgor- 0"1rrtwr - 'icner .1 -rir:cc V. Dol 01·om~i , of •. occow - -:- t hink, .J.udamc thP ·--n.AO i1 tch i 1rn1.f 01mtcr-:J 01·loff , of .~os,.;ow ; ::ho '"'1m."lt<-3 se Barch f'.nd Jol'!lini. , and. ·1r...da..-:10 ·• .. ""olovte o.i.'.i: , the T3 rona oo Juli ~ r.ihon.~ , o:L' cou rn o, aro not a ll o~ thou 1 1 but, ,al thou gh hundr ad j , w 1J.:ido_::f ~ no•,•; 'H thnr::.ne rcvoky, ~to . o wno~ri mon i ov i t oue: vi ni "tin. ·-li Ht .,~r nP.a.rly nine ye '.!''S ran up to m~y md ~lmo~ -~ thou nands , I can cnly name rs f o 1 . In the ?au ttor �(554) oi be ..uty thoy a.ro not nsmod in ·ch'3 ordnr o.: prncoclenco; but Of tho~(' na 1el i.n thi m y ov on ,,,,, first . ·1 tho photo rnphR r1nd a.u togruphe . h·~rdly br, neei. in u:,TJ ..?0U?1try chnrotn:c, I 11 tho l t>.st vc most of :-1, So ma y wonJ erfully fin, ·,:o;ncn onn in ono r.r-~ e .:ibl e. i .nc1 ev 1rn .1mc.ng 1,he bnllot- dw.ccrc. Pa-u.line r bidov•J.. !?c;tip·;r:J. ,.ra.n1:ine , ~nrl<mor. und others, -ould be r c~ardocl an bedU1,i ". :: h ,vn u~r- hoto1ra.phB of the princcaeoP ....ot,nchoub ey, grun 11 thr00 7idow0 und Dldin.i , ny whoro . a(lzinill , err . I bol iev-e ; but 'lO t would nave t·llrnn them to bn rven forty yo:r, onf3 .10 old, uo uel l d.ocn un:d ·vell - _he/ were st 11 fond of dmiration; ,_.nd. the Prince~s .a :,i1,ill. hu Db·nd z;e,r- grm,)rall y hofM ,. s rnmarkablo :for her beauty . L1 the time 01 ~'i chol. a. wr.oi_ I b r-.:ga.n to lilrn b• 1 te. the dri-ugh t.cr ur:ct ni ,)cc· 1 t~e ::?rillCO'W -r, ubo t zkoi, grew ~· ther cold ·G or "rd me . 1 t'hc t · m .... i r ::- t , afl.'tme n·.ri cho.o... G1.llC1 But T mef!.n no t o tlrn chilclren o~ their b l oo,1 , \-:re,e fltill -o mo nttrnc~ivo. Among tho ..::o r e i g~. i an-1:t lega ti Oh!' I muri t lll.P.ntj_on Sir nndi· e\"T 131.tcho.nr,.n and 1 -.dy; tho B ~ron d,, Duko nrn1 r-u,!hoes d I Oe'\.i.Ju1, '.11 o /r,..nd - . --ri ;-;ord and l nd.y. aml tho rn1 B .ran ..,. c v crn nnd 1 .ilv o .;..· .ollr.~nd, .J ) ,-;ere ~vc,· kind ·md f ci ondl y to,·,nrd me. ~ i n cronocd.; but I ,,,-.. C:... ~ T'~1: 23 I J1ar1 b cen on i;oocl i,(lr ms wi t:1 JoPco i )O, ·• i b l o. r B.r:t, the fat110.!" of Ulysses : . • l engt hy correaponuence with him l\t 'ovington . ·;;hil t·t and h d h ol d hi. so11 vm.n ;,et n f Lr mcr - 1,,d :in Chio . as tho aupno rt of the an account 01 my he ,TouL'l r'l.o m€l 0 ennto . i fi i cu.l tici 1 1 l .~s .,own.rd hail no uu ch b •h1gdred en I p1oposod to l'()vurn home, I wrot e ith cward, n: ce..1t i t to ,,,r ant , hop n o; ho j u s t i ~e ·:.'hi cJ1 wo.:-- due onn 11ho h ..a f~.i thful ly ucrv ed tho country at hone ro_1ly; but , 'Y rr-0O11:cl to outl i ve ""cwar(l i n o ... ..:ico , if i'WH ,, o nd t.bron.d. mo t.l i , "'·1· :.111: rv•ni: m0 a vr:ry 1:i nd ~:ttcr ho wrv; innugurs.tntl , . nd h ..<l plr.corl inh i n t,10 :,remior - nhi:p , 1-ove'r-n or Cu1.'ti n ,ms n omi n .ted ru:<1 cor.... :t rrned, an.(1. 1~e1iev od !'.le a t I �( 5~ti l f t . I>~t<!robur -; . I n thomeo.nt i me i oh h u wri ten me. off icially th t I n ou.ld bo more a3reo blo to tho Pres i den~ 1~ wor o ~ore r oopoctful to , au.rd; 1 and thnt, al though ho h ad 1·oti roa fr om t h o .:orei 3H t Porr.tur7f'.hip, ho w s no! out of f avor wi th the Pro• ident. ';'h t ,..m_: th11 0ub s t nee of tho thing; oml so I unswored with de... i unoe and ocntempt. Of c oura e I roulJ not un o 1miii gni f ion tt"or d~ to '""i sh , but t hat \:a: the up~,hot o... my o1...:.'ici 1 pa per . In the l ..in u~ge of II r:. ;li b~\ Ba.-rc~ r:.nd cotch I viouore. 11 we ~u-~ exclaim; " Oh! Amoa Oottl(' ! .,"'lonl u , wh nt a muno Tc f ill t ho · po ! i r i,-;-+;,ru.11) of 1utur e f rune ~'' .. •• ,ur ti1. e.na I wore ol d iri 1111da , un d l waB gl acl to 1rn:ra or..o r eli ov11 mn whom I coul d treu.t ·,ri t), uourteay ~ 11 But I crn.i <l tc, : urtin: '\. hy? '' ''Becmrne you nre too Y.ou •, ill not !lt"-Y long nt t hi e court . " honest a m.-m to f a vor the 'Perkin, ' B":i ndle: nnd., as . i nh _,onos i n unde1· S cYN rd I a in n uence , you will h P..vc to g o _·or bl e.cL-tivdl, or lo! n y ou1· pl ce . " Th o ":'l0r:1cruJ p ubli c ·:·oula , no il o1..bt . like to Jmo·,7 -.1hA.ti a u s od cnt•c~zyrn r e call ! i 1 .cc ,,n ted o i hr..i fic rurn e to the r epoated invitationn of tho --r aud Duke Alexio, ooth a t s t . .,.oui t. ond Loui c;ville , for my r ot u r n to Russi a . tU1der the pledgo o.: -11.or. ho vi i toc1 thn Uni toc1 ° t a toa the Bmporor to seild s or-w of hi~ I ..mi ly. i.n •.nmior to my 1n-,itu tio11 , he rP-ce i vn tl tnn r11.th d i r• tinc u i sl~od honor at St . Loui e , ~,h"!ro ! ;7aB hi A gueot, atood nking me t o be nea. iJod, wh ile o vher noted p e~s ona h .vi ne; a lor..g t a lk with me n bou" old t i --nos , and ii...,iting r.io e _1;~1n to v1 ~1t -ussi n. Ag nin , , :hen I ·.:-as a l s o by t h e c i ~r nu "hori ~ins o:!.' : oui LviJ le jnvited t o 1ae1:1t him ther e , ho o d.d heh i'l g ono out of h i s v.·ay t o vi.·it my "' t o.to . t; t he lunch g ivon him Rv th e Yow:1R jen ' F. Club, he propooe,:s and 1rruik m....., ho .1 th, 1-i.nil in·: tted mo ,. in th1 p.rc-sonce o.i r.11 , to vi r i t ~u ~in . "''-I.in - :m honor p a i d to mo only. 0 0 n Ja:r 24th . 186'1. . ir..i fl t e r Cl ay urotr " crot.nry • atai rcl. - ' O""c.1e y cers gc the ·•mpe-1 or .,old :no h,, .,ouJ. il !M r:r1 nome of tho ir.ip". i 1 f trmil;,· t o v i ~i t our coun t1 y . h en ye,.. d.o·, i red. uw to invi to th,.. .. r and L1tko rmd o of ruch u-i it . hes o t ho rt ukQ n t nnt i no , mc~1 ion . .,-: _ ~-•1.in g o. · 1hen hi s Imp or:. .1 ,"!.i gh1Cl imir ro ched hi a cajor i ty m. too!!: ! 01.." fov: days �(5fi6) "tho oath of all e g i nnco tfl -the u.apo:r<n:· , h" tol d mE· that hil brothor . tho r and Duko · 1m,in , wllo bc-1 0..1 .c- to T,_.1.-' navy cto1) r tment , · ould vi i i t the Unitt:'<1 r- t ·";,:i~ -,i-d.s y•~nr. O\.t tlw ti ae h:...o not bean n r'.Illod. '<roul (l 1 t not b~ vrell thrm ,·or the -residont t c. gi vo hiri n PJH} }i l invitr.. tio.... to vi i st, :him .1.w ~iohin t on , an t h e l'l.1ii C'l '7' t r... t0:· g n~rr..lly?'' -t- -r-r -1 -t Pro~ · ·tplcmatic Corres,onde~co. 18~7-8. R. '"nil Et T ·.v r yr.t in ·ow --o:rk, r ant an~ m:r ro ..r; to t.hri i.th'ii tor tor a. ish \loro in pm;-or - I . e :ro1:nrno' -;-.y 1 "!.in-: to r ncni ve t'hc ram, in,l er· 1 ccoun-., 'Tilth the ba.11..tn ·o in nr.r u b 1m spoech , ho rovi non tho . !count, ~n mo <lobtor to thC3 Govornmar.t. ·o I omp1.oyod ,r s . robbery, accoun t ·.d th t.}1., ft ·or . ar-mt i..: ::i. no·,, s}1eot 1nrlk1ng .I ·.7,_r-- not :.he m .n to cubmi t to nuah p l a in ..? md - ov rily Jr,lu-.son to Hottle my ;:/ tr-~Rnury; nn'l t;hey ftft 8r -paying ·· homselvo ~ ottl~roent . fii:i.1 th1~ ir ::ens . l :1 ot morr thnn I ol,~imod . Th.is c1 tl.er uho·,: tho. th,;y d o businon8 in a v ory loonc ,1.,.,y a~ --:;be tl°"' enry, or ~11ey 1.n .encled to puni e h me :for :r:ry d ofoction from "r ni..t . or both U1cr: o 1:1ottve:1 wore rJ.ot;j 1r:. t .ca~y, • 11"' c.pGci a.1 friend of r.c.ct:cha ow , and In tho r.ionntimo ini sto:r 3.t tu,hington . on :ood torrl!S :ith rnyonlf. arrivn1 _s uoeiu.11 ':'hP. b and i t'ti not onl,· b rou sht .i..or.- r~ he ol'l. s-,;in1lle , bu t the., haatenea of i i &ni ty aoc,rnul·.tod cm ~.ho front of •ish . .... ntr1oaz:,;·. b13in3 a thr ewd. 'rook. too~. +:he proc9.u.tio1:. to h t1ve a v:i tlli!!"~~ S':l'L tc{l in nn ad,joini ng room, and. thus expored tho ·1um· :i. an , ·he ~ , vri. 1.cc- o:!: So\"/ 1·d ' s i'olJ.nwors to bl «?l~- mail mp cror. In a.11 theoe nnJ othnr mot'., ~1 .. creli tt1blF; pcr.1.0I'mtillocn .1..:.::iil ton,. i rh Ptoocl 1mf1inchingly for ei ht ye .r eblo C'.rray o:r thono 0'701.t· ':'ihi~h I h.d on the dr..rk c icle . !)!'Cp1u•r,1 , 2~1 .... ormid- moved by :pit;r for ;rant 1 s whole ,ro1 i tioal r.nrl...i viJ. cm..'"c-cr, ondinc :.n tho un:.Zortvn.- £:tto tffnir "'..~ 'u.11 ~ treci:; , only ncocle hil'1 \7h tr:1c to t'hc lif o. .rant 1 0 troo,>s nt r~ ittuburg L nti.ing ''an a.:r1:· . " not v·h~rc Johns ton o.•: hi hicmolf . b i :J aecom1t of thfl bn.ttle ol' It ncmne t il.!-.i.t he lmew ..:orcoP w~r r::; or, t:i.t tho l <:c.P.t, :~err, he ,;ms It ,.., s mor<' l ikA o. Donnybrook I i ~ h :fu.ir, "'lhcro th o t'tot .. tlf1d �{ 6n'I) r r. i I.!lrmtn nnd b:-cii d eB and army corps wcr,j r n dy to Yt t n ho~d •.. h erover tho;, s aw it - ~·ricnd or oo - t han a Jy thing olso . ~ .:.lb out to b o co aul 0t od, •,;h en the f i e .17 f i r e u-pon the fu~iti vo tho f rci . ol non \/' s 11r op r i n - ·,·11 o h~.d crowll e.1 the Tenn af'f,oo ·r o :.e:-- i inoy ,John ,;or, . thn s \T t o open his ~v nr be.nkP , luf _ , ~or o £':r nl uu ghtni: - 11 .d not Bul l ' . liko our poor follow l bei·t /Jl o~· ,onf od or t o . Pnar .1 , boon k i llnd i n bBttle . Bt;.t th o a y. Bu.al , ...d TE:l non c nll co , i t Pomaa , un l::nomi to ab 01;. t :t'l yi : , '..I.\. 1.,0 .c iin ~ ft"ol':l the b!!. .... tl e , Rn , r m1,, , ,.-, ri.i th tel g, i nt,d n ow t1rrny ·1. _.h o , at 1 6. t , .n tho a.cmy ·:vcffo to h i P o .:r.. itoco,mt , g · 1.,horcd nu s omo f u i t i vo_ b m hr~ ot · .i t J1in t• i ght of tho c oat-•·.;;. ila of the f , yL, · "'on.f~dor i.it ,,:, , ro;.i To , boh i nti h i : t ro otm , e.nd . l i ko . t.ll a t , ... i' , k illed ovor ~-~in tho do d 2crcy ! Did any bo y ,~ver ho _r bef o re o.~ a r;re..:. 1; ar· :;/ lying o_ a,11o~h o1· g roA.t arm.v. a.nd , i .hor n o t kr..oriin o r tryin g to ~mow ·,1hf:re no th t gener cl shi Union a r my . pre ..d ou ~ t h at 0V"rJr c ot',' , 11 on<l 11 ➔ tlc, o.11 id ·a1laco i f hn 1~18 too.d of go:in '.1.t were nl re ay hear d? on o. log ~~o· r h i o l' r) , :h of co~n.i ng i . ,O l i n o - , o uch e.n ol'dor an 'r un t g vo t o r g•ivo nn.y - to 0·1 ho proecnted 'ho th fl 'ln1::.· to the on em~r ' t .y b o,•. · ever h our o att a ck? h i ch h _. . th e,T Oi.:.-t i r.t ~rv ln b iJt'\7o r.m the• c or:on - •,o a of md ~omo out o t hem bn i 11 _, in l i.10 . \1i th 'Ii i long:.i i d e \!O nn , :p to 'ih o:re hP. ·:1 a lcn-.'in,n on c e to the fr ont , -.1 her o t h e y b o ly (WOT, hot:.r o ... 1 id :wibo~ ts , a l nr g,3 :P .rt of his 1.. h ~ yn . ::iu t . r.i. m. c f -::h e ono, ~J' o-m g;e:nor .1 . i t tin • ' o i:.:1.e r n a y , i11 t h nm, rr.r.1 cro"'7d cd like t:i ld cat t l o in n c or r 1 , r oady fo:r t w ol ·Uf"ht ar, i7i thout malti:n r.. s tn l e effort to .t• -ll:1 t h em b ti.c.1.0: , o r tc r un thmn j_ntc e. s -1.n r c t r (.' • ~•? o , , . roto .., l nr.g thy nnd ol t:.bor - a. to a r "'; i :lo f o:.c th<", Ci nci n na/ i r.azl")t to en tho f:'nbj oct of' a ttrac ted much a t 'tf'n t i on, cm 1 .iG v i O\'i i. f r or.i . ~ J1iloh. i7h i ch r: r prjnt 0C: in t he . 011 t h nr n Biv ou h C • ,.. . i eder atP. ;::t ..nd poin t, J ld ~ n that of 0 111.') who hnc1 Hn i n tim te . ..ncl unple .su.nt ncqu i n t nee ,i ",,h tho b nttlc-:fi cld . ftc:r ' 'e . nr ant I A ~ count of the battl e of hiloh app&1.roa J �h, i o i h a . r t .f 1 . 0 0 {l • • ri. hi m ., ,he h , 0 . 9 7 fl • . "' ll mnn J 0 0 .r (1 8 .. �l O.D~J T-'- ' ilson , I am a frreat . deal smarter man than GrB.IJ,t·~ I see t hi]'.lgs ~ore quickly t han he does. 1 lmou more ,about law, and hietor:v, and war and nearly every ~thin« else, tban he ~oes; but I' II tall you where he eats me , and wliere he beats the world. He .do n' t care for wba t he can I t s_ee the enem:y doing; and it sc res me like hell! " t e I ut i me, nt i me t1 e ro •e'cted policy of 1862 had been d t e Soutb.Brn St a tes f orc e; er e t o e dr, agoo,n ed by force of a."' s ~ if need be, int o Bepublica Party support'.' i wrote from ' y latter of 1866 t·o t e Louisville J ournal, in St. Pete~s ur , ich I de ounced the 11 tr ·. -n unco. ot it t i <) 1 c, t ephons; a.n d th . Ko tuc the vlital ri nc i lo of "11 rule voic e of the lJy t l i er t d C!l ve s :re r e pe o. . lo - - t 1., 1e t t b ar , w 1i S") · eu out, a'.nl L. 1 t 1e i r po· an equal ity ·:,it 1}80 ) o·e t - 10 ut o r tic ..ast ers in ,uro e. i1len tho l epubl ic n ' rty , u dcr G a t I s lead. , no t _e Bl ck De· ubli c of H· y t.i of t 1 Uj?On e i nr, able to ~ e or Cooper, as to A grea t - prudent enoug 0 t y a d property , I was made the lea er of e eAe r a le benefactor of t his r e sent . Tie r,av0 rnc a eat chari ty , os t cor d i 1 welcome , In t he eantime it was ould not spar e t e d ini s t r ation . to sa so . rn u O I denoun- 0 our a ~ e i tance be i n~ of lang standin , . sus o ,t ed t .at I li 0e tin oft e frmends of Cu a the Coope r I~st itut e . ovmnen t . t 16 ir t e ·Joor Reva ut i o_ i sts of uba . ce l t e 11ol e proj ct. l l ed i n • ome; and upr iRing of t e 1 acks nc esake, o of the ~\merican Con- to meet t nge Jeo )l e on t .. is contino t a> :\ ins t t 10i turned t rn ir r anchise. .o dom·rant go vornmonts a t so t o L o of t hat ti e ,er a c J el ed i ·· n a 1 d mat er ial c- 1 }o ry Gla , t o ut all r ,vol i tio ri, r y ro ntra ("! · nn 1astor s and the ·r In 1817, · t -vns t 1e )Olic,,r of y co nfirc(. to . which de~troyed or <, i n 1869, • pan.i s ~ gt: boats ,,·rnre .eH 1 t out i n ·1cv Y ,,.. · i ent olic of t he citiz'ens ,nti ·le d to t .e "' · orit ,hen I ar rivc t1 fi t. e :; tatc ~e-ublican Convention declared I cou cl nevsi- su mj t to a i lilar vie ·rs . e~ nro s of Sumner O se was full O was i IB- ovorflowi I was advised several days before that the iew York Custom- House dependents would interru t me; but I had confidence in my I �-560- I made the grave mistake, however, to put ability to master a mob. t he thugs , burglars, and shotlder-hitters of a cosmopolitan city like Neu York upon t he sa.111e nanimous entuckians. le vel with t he gall ant, ferocious, but magAt Frankfort, i n 1860, it is said that I spoke to 10 ,000 men from the State-House steps in the dark, and yet not a hard word as spoken . But, i n Louisville, in t ho year 1851, before the same kind of roughs, I was stoned in the dark by those I should have formed who cowered in my presence under gas-light. a more correct idea of city bummers and dead-be ats! When I arose, on being announced, I began my speech with a short preface, shoring why I had not remained in the army, and for which I had been denounce for long years unheard; but I wa s at once interrupted by this s~uad of a few hundred men, who made such a clamor that I could not be heard. Thus I, who had never failed to secure, in the Slave St ates, a 1 ew ork, fU. . , . from GreeleysJ11ma1•,rv1848, hearing, ,as, in the free tr (~, Extract p. 439:- ''Many men in the free states are ave traders, cotton planters, and sleeping partners in slave plantations and slaves. Ilany are indirectly interested in slavery. Many are innately base , and some fe w are blinded by the calumnies of slave-holders and their parasites. If the Union shall become dissolved, it will not come of abolitionism, but of slavery. The crime is of slavf:3ry"' and slavery will rea1? its bitt~r fruits.'' To this ueneral Clay ap ended ~he followl J?g note:" In 1869 .i- when I was Pres 1 ent of the Cuban lad Society in ew York, 1 was astonished at the bitterness of fe eling against me. I found out that vast capital of that city was not only interested in Cuban commerce, but in plantations and slavery." C. 1886. 0 he resolutions drawn up by me were unanimously passed --Horace Greeley, being chairman of the meeting, reading them. I was also made President of the Cuban Charitable Aid Society, and Horace Greele] Vice President. hus the cla~uers were silent at the most importan1 time, and I carried off a substantial victory; for they knew nothing about the resolutions, or e being made the president of the new society. As the TR IBUNE, with other papers, made a f alse report of what �- f 61I said , ( wrote ont a short smnir-ary of iey speech, and, c}ar ryi ng i t t o ihc des k OJ.. 'i.1rn uo x t d.a.y t Lt:.t j ouru.a 1 announce c the 'i'TIIBl, ..~~- , lo ft i t . i t s r ofusal to l.1U1)l i sh lt, GhJinr;· i i wan uot the ir businoss to repeat ~ uch r oports , bJ1.i ,,,hich ,,as to their re:1.der s but as 'an ol ll ulrt}wac . ' 1 !.-0 names 11cro nell tionou; bu \, tho public , 01 courao , k:-:.un it 1w.u rofer - on.co t o rao . :~otormine<l to have myself rightly stated he.fore tho l)Ub- lio, I ":lent noxt J.a.y to the advcrt i sii:ic llcparirnent , aud )ai.<i ,tTJOtlt eighty-three dolle.ro ior i t :3 insertion, aJ1cl. took a· rr.c ciilt. he soct1ed m.1.w h e,stoniohctl . l y that it ·.vc..s the ablest Ho puuli~1hod n.y. i:mmr;mry, saying odi torialar(.,Ur.lOnt :;, ct r.r..do 011 the Ju bt..11 side; an<l cha.r ged , of l:Oursc , uo i hin~ fo:r this act of jus i i co . ·r.:rr.... ...~ c•'the rl'--.. , J.L~,, :l1is I 'j_ ho no zt (lay out·" ••' 1. t':1 ..' iy correction L.1. c. conspicuotlP, 1.,lucc, and ... .0 s zda. a fo.1 uordn o itoria lly ir.. my fr..vor. In a s t orm a t s<;a t ho ihouscnd of · aS fJe.n.gcrs famo1w t to !lothi.og; it i n the single cn.1,>taiu, the r;ovcrni~ 1::inci , ,,ho coul1ts. our dogonera t.o times , T):;-.f~ has been the one ecli tor 111.o So , in h..:...s stood boldly foi·th a s t .10 r.dvocr~tc cf honcGty i n po l itical uf f.r. ir s . nosr- of pu1·poso 11.c4f_; bc<. n a. 1n' ir.ie force i1.t t he salve.tiou of the ~la tion . 1 ~ 1lc Geniu:J of D.;.na , l.iko t1..e1.t anyti:inc 1mt pr inciplo . 01 Dog-ged- al l crc;.~t t hi:akor n, cares little for He :...t.tac~\~1 error arul u.isl1onesiy in public l eadership , whoroveir ho Boon thou, \·ri thou t regard to p,:.rty . Liko evory true lovor of rml~-l-;ovcrrn·.ent, he :s u Dcnoc1·at, 1mt not 11ooes- sar i ly of the :;cmocr h 1., il; _ nr ty. duty~ rnco i vo ";,]lo sa:.10 f icry c1cnun~_iation ·,rhich u.rove Gru1t a.u.tt his con·upt f :)llorrn:r s :f rom po··:ror. 0 0 D:im, i..'.J. hif; late rcvic\l of Crru. .t ' t-; <.;abineL, Sl)O.'.'..k n of the "\'leak P i Rh. These arc the f isb \1hich aro found about 1:ew Yo1~k harbo_r , a:l<l. .1hi~:1 ~u·c Gu.me vontm.J~1ed b o.ll ml[;l er s -- wo·t thy 11 synonyms, who with Baaeau , rnako war upon woroen -- the wi,es of Cat acazr a~ t ho ... rince ...of ,:lcf ! -- greo~y cormora~ts, l)Olitical lazaro&, and trcG.sur y .. obbcrs . who orought a gren.t :party and a groa t country t o uLurao ! Arnone our flfty milliomJ of 11coplc, f oi· the last ten years one man has stood preeminent above pr esidents , politician$, and scholars.-- That man is CHARLtB A. DAUA . �- 562''hat WRF- t1 e bur den of rr,r offor se i i th A JUcrr ican press ? t]1c That I had not r,one to tho war ins t8 ad of t,o Hnss i8. 1 was not a \1[-.rrio r by profe~sion; I h ..d not been eclncatod ~t r·on t .?oint; I was not R roldic.r of the r or,ul ar r.rrry. tier, \'las my pro:fcm:;i.on . I i'l~s c1 pol :1. tic ian ---poli- No-n I ~sk, 1:rhy nrou.ld a pol iti.cjan be r e,.1.nired t o e;o to wa?' nnd tbo cd.i t or roruf-in Rt r.0111G to al~nso h i m ? -;hy a id not r:osnrrc rc-r..no tt , !k.ymond, Greel ey, ru1.d ot}mr s go to attl fl ? I voluntnrily vo1unte.rred t o s a.ve V?ashincton f rom cap- ture , mlCl did no. \Thy was tb1. t ~ervice f or r;ot ton ? th<:?.n r-z,ny rnan to ovcrthr ot1 ~lqvcrry .' thns prevontod r1ha.t \':ould }'ID.VO I oarr iod ~ssi a I d i d mor e wj tr boon the stronf' alli an.cc of Prance~ -ng and , and. r'pn. i n ~e..,. inet us; ::.na thuR Pav0d the Union t 0110 of tho !)T inc i.pal r;r oat Gvonts . servioe n '? ns, and I i.7a.s f actors, at l cnr.t so a ll rz.ilJ1d t, i11 t hoc:.o t hr ee 1Th.y cl'i.d I not ;;et ~orrn wor d of er:-ititurlo for t hose ~i mpl y 'Joc,"!.11se it ,;raa kna'.m, aR f ~1" h~.ck as 1862. t hat I woul d nevor go '"7ith tl1ese r,entlcm~n i'l the wi cked and fruitless !)Ol icy, by ,hieh tho South was fine.lly rr.ado publ ican Pe.rty brouglit to rrriof and dea th ! 0 soli<J , '' and t he Re- �l -563:7.l i/. CR\P'J1f.R I a.id r.11 ~ coulci to for ,.:1.rd. the ~!uban CPur.:c, ·\[\ oint in; pror- minen t i ndiv idu::,.l r Soc iety. iit rnort o.[ i Ji.c ~-. t ntc ~ as 1ice-~c~ idrm.~<1 vf tho -~ut, trn r.r •..nt .nrn r~c tin;, ::?.fa inst us., fe~, por:o 1 ~ would contribut0 , sec.inc tru:t ninnt:,.i no- clu~ncer, i n~ 1mndrc(l were in .~bout fRvor of C10 nc....pturo of [.11 i nvc!:'tncntB for char i t .--i. blc 1..Rc. ~ ndcd ovc-r $ , 000, t c Cb,·.r lt'~ . un.nn , o~rr tr o.?.nurnr, of ovor 01r';, tho :rcr1'!i r:.<1er cxpondod - - rriot' t of a l l t he contri.1mtion~ eo!ninr; fror:i Gcrrit ~:nith, a, ,d wi a dollar from tho nrant ~art y. ,..,,. rm1n1r·""' .1 .,., 1. - )C 1 J1 µ ... rulu .• epu LlC,:.n t. IJ, ._1or. ., C0 1 \ 1111.lCU t o ir,horo our movc, cn t; c.nc: , dlrconracod, I tunwd the :·~ociAtJ :--.nd 1 in the it s rocor dn over to a no·-r Ol'Gc.niration - - t'ho '!u1w.a T,eRQ10. meantimo J 11ad lost rinc11 t il"c w1ct nrvcr,1.l lmndrr.d cl.olL't'rR in the c auso; al ·.n-ty!J rcfurd.n-: to roco i vo Cnb •n '1ondn for naJ.c, hr..ving ~H anythin0" to do \"lit 1 tho kocni11,, or d.i,.;htn·nL1,•· of t ' 1 c fatnCG. '..J f..J L ness; 0 °For review of Ccnnrnl i;l8v ' s CA'i'.'eor i" t ' .o re.-.;ton-tion or_ t h~.:utOllOill!~Oi(;lJr.~J:~tataa>"' see od1 t m 1-.l, J. ll'i . Colonel .1.;reckilll' i dge's ~· but I wns no novi cn in c;ror t 11 ovorr.o 11ts , a11(1 rwnt , nto t to op- pofl i t ion as wartly as if victory L.ty :1t t ~o cloor. vrnre be3t on in the :1ar, a.nc! 1.'7ore ro\7orlcss in poli.ti cB. : tl.our;ht that the -.1·-..y to holn t1~cn ''Tfl.n to sk.rt an ind.oricnilcnt c ,ndL,ato , which, if t roy \1ero -, if1c, tr<'y uould f1\lp~,or t 'Pi th or vontional {lomination . "'i tJ·out a con- GrocJ oy, fror-i hin , roriinoncc ;::nd mnF,11miirn- i ty t owarcl the <-1011th, scenocl to 11c t110 T i t;}1t ran. lat ions , 1)y thC' ~1ay~rd 'l''!ylor imbr oc:;lio, ~wr c str ;, lnod, h1d. · re bo- oame good f riend~ ara i r; R.nci, 1io foro r left ·:en ,fork , r tolJ him I would ur r;o hin1 f or f 1 e in~lo:)CP<lont prcr1irle?1.tial .1omination. tn the recantime �-5')1 - mo~ t· e e s Lll ho a t 1 . ..... .l,ar. .1o pu 11c 1 ors ~ ,J .1e ·e 'l ..Lt r tn ·; r ... r~, o hie o " t. . .,.. t C rul i, ,o ,(j ~· ol 'i h 'J J1 ~- cc 'I ) u l. i G . of ' he ' r i ca. 0 b·- ., r• l r 1-r f - p blic , n - -lla 1~ ... t1 , 10 ocl' ...I, ' -· DCJC ..J Lo tion · s -- }' .~ .l I r~ 1 ~ I . -nee ~ l, fo- 'he v ....J11 . flator for ·r ant' s l'riend. . \. ,o ~.Q ..1 i 8 ll , l !l a t1 l ... 1 n ,r 'v i., 'l; the imt 0 ur e.- i Vi - t ear ·:11 of 1 r, run and j $ lmt e, ..d. invitation f "Or."l •• • u -, , .I l - • • ... V-J al l p _rt ier:1 t o addr oss tho · eople of St . 1ou s �- 565!Ussour i, in tho samo fall, w11or e ·the £.,"Toa t 0ot t on Fa ir then tl-rew r'.lC!l fron all tho ox trene 8outhern J t ntes. I had on il1e platform Sttcl rrien as .Tames S . Roll ins, t ho old Lhir; leader aml Republican, Fr ank P . Blai.r, Gov. B. Gr at 7. Brown, Ueu . ~oaurepir <l , nna other dis tinp;nished men of a ll parties . I aca i n showed iho nocessi ty of a more libor al policy toward the South; and the formation of a new P~r t y , of ,hich Hor ace Or eeley Rlioulcl be t 11e head. 1 r ecaived with enthusi~sm. Uy speech was Af t er it was over , I had a moonlight \Val k wi th Gen. Beaur egar <l, vrho, it wi l] be r emmnber ed, f ired t ho fi r st gnn on Fort Sumter . Ho s a id he had hoa1·d nry reFl._<.irks wit h rreat interest , a t1d that ho wa s never a rirn- ~l::i.very mAn in t ho qtri.ctest son~e ; that he agreed wi'tb me, at lea.st, i n tho economic view of the ,:uest ion; t hat he was r ather t he cte1-;.tuTe of cir cum- At .~.nce~ than a willinF, ~ece~mionist, b11t i1ent with his peopl e ; that he and most of tho nrominont l er.d P.rR of t he Rebe l lion vrero content wi t h the inevitable , had ::tbandoned al l i dea of the rovl val of t he 11 Los t rJauae, .. and would make a now c3l'e<'r in the old Union. And, as an nsr.ur ance of his fidelity , "he l1Ftcl s ent from He,1 Orleans, where he was no,;i clomiciled , hi8 son to Kansas Cit y, on t he bordor of a f ree nt Rto , to i mbibo tho influenoos of the nev, era . 0 0 Outside of boillf a L,outhornar , vri t.h my knowle~ of the t,:,ro r t..~C$ , i ~->hL••1ct : . .. v,3 11c!..n ot}lt.r'!ri;10 v ~n opn0fJc1.' to black rule. To t hrovr asi.de all t he fa.ab~ of ~uper'ior cul tura, ,kll°u-41c..r ty./_ . -.nll fcf l ..i.0 .t.,.t , ·:'~iu\ {;ui...i vi·c-,c. i 1 tl~c ·;1hi to L of tho 0outh, t nera rerna in8 the symnat h:y of r ace. Who, what ever his rc,pur;n...nc.e t o .Jri ticL ty1•.{fuiy aid do ..1i nt..tion, c:ocft no t f'ccl a r.ei:monsi ve thrill of sympi! t hy and elation i n favour of our ..?r i t.i :.,h .,.11ccr;tor 3 ii. :nc:1 ·. .:.rd \ f (r-anic t ru. 2£'5.inst t he groat odds of tho copper-colored r P.cao 1 Yet t he battl e went . ,. .i ns t the m.turil. 1 l r,htr. ,!J l, libc..r tier CJ{ ~ he n.:.ti vos . rfha t c j vil ized man has not nad t he ~ llant Gordon in his i mnost ... :.JJh ·~t i vns for hh. st.f1.,ty urn.. triu.I!1JJ1. f"t..., ... i I1 t:t hin 1w.rbarian fo o ·? And yet he foue;lit for conquest I anu they the Ar abs ior sc l 1-c ovcr nmon t ! ~ ur caJL the. L-.~ t il .. t ~.i :.~,hcli i nciuded t ho slave-trade in hi o ri c;ht of au t on.o~y chang0 the scntil'lcnt. 1 c shoul J. ~.:.11 L .. Yt. f ol t t110 P-c.U:.(, to ·~~rtl' "otLl.Ou ill all ovont s. ~o , in t he ~,out h, t jll t he l)Gl c;ot th.c rit M; was on tha s i clu of ,ht. hl u0k F<.. td l he J crn11bl10.. n ...rt~·, 1m'u uf te.l.'\1tu·c1 em richt, a:J well as tho :\fllln;. t h/ of t!tC ,,rhi t c~ l"h CC n of all ci vili zat to~ . . ,mn. ou t ho s1de of the ~ ou th ar)·ril nn t t he ::orth; 1Jcunu.se c1v1l1ia.t 1on and the wh1 tc r nca ,-:eY,1, a.ftor their abe:tra tion a.t odds with the blacks ,~ncl bar barism. -- C., 1005 . ' �- 566·: hen t lio :1onvnnt ion -;, n c,..-,JJ.e'c1 the Kcntuclv' o.cJ (~iion, c.t.J G['.rl , t ~incinnati, L1 10'7;', I heeded iod it ac~dnst tho 1 rt 1.ornon influ~no, in l ouhivillc , 1lhich waR f o:r 0ha.s . ~•rr,noiA :.de.r·8 . names in t he Horth, t hat of. Adar.!S was , among tho rnac~on. tho most unpopular since tho time of Jackson; ancl even many of 1101.ry Cl ay' s f r iends hat ed i t beoa.uso o f its ill - omanocl connection '7i U1 J1ir de·- font s . Jo J. had. a d.ouble motive iri 1\danf J ovor twow. Firnt, i t ·was good policy; and , secondl y, it gave me Rn OI>portuni t y to ge t even wi th Seward's friend and do fendar . Uany wished t o put me in n ominat ion ; but I declined t he fi r'st off ice, whi ch last J. af.l ·,1ell as tho second, would have had no di ff iculty. I th i nk , in r,ett i ng , had I joined tho Jldams-i party . l wantea noi thor - - first., because I re0 u.r,1od ihb movenwnt as i n i tial, and not then des tined to e er t A.in success; a(ia ell riy lif c h.:vinc; cdr cJ. More f or tho SilCCons of my ~ use tr.an per sona l eleva t ion, 1 novor took ground evtm for self wher e f thonght I cou 1 not succo~f;ful ly hold it. Sttinlcy fhtthews, m1 ol J. fr iend and_par tner of ~; . P . Chase, vn,.a made tompor P.r y ohai'r - nan ; and l1ar l Jchur z permanent pr er.idcnt of the Convention. soemed easy for i All clruns; and thE'! old fami l y - chair was br oup;ht clown f roc vuincy, , !aGsaohusetts, to the 1fonvent i on , so sur e, wero t he f r land.s of the ox - L,H nir1ter to Lnetantl of h i ~ t riumph . 1 '.l be Conven- t ion was an i:rrunonse one; t he l;emocr atr, of t:our se , deepl y aympa t hi- zi1~1' wi th the movement . 13 . Gr a t r .tir own, Chas . Fr &.noi s Adams, and }lor~oe Greeley were t h e ca.nd i clato s; and , had t he ballotiDf" gone on , ~ dams wo uld have been ihe nominee .' Ai this junturo i call ed upon my ol d Kentucky fri end , J ~os fJ. Hollins, now oi .. i ssouri , nn<l t old h i m that I!, . P. Bl ai r wa s a good n1c1noger, and was no·,r bet tor ac 1ua inted wi t h t he delegations tlw.:-4 1 was; and t}1n t , a~ t he 1:i □souri delor;ati on uas di v-i <.lcd , he could help us; that 1;r cmn woultl i novi t ~bly bo doi:aat ed f or t ho f i :rst off ico , bu i that if he woul d o.cclino the f .i r s t and t ake the second, going for t he COnnJlOll fr iend of all of us (Greeley ) , we coul d carry the day . Roll i ns n.t onco sa\'t t he situa tion, and �telegraphed for Blair, 7- ho arrived in t · e . ro n made a speec > decl i· ned in Greeley• s favor , and ho wao immediately nominated for the secon< lace; while , on the next ballot . Greeley and Brown wero inada t he nominees . As Dana has been the representative type of progress,so my t ate has t he honor of giving notori ety to another oditor , the 'v ry rover e in character an patr i otism; I is fa ther , a ma of considerable ability and pol·t· 1 exp rie ce , live a long t· o in 1ashinton City, and I believe hi son enry 11as born there.' 'i1he Louisville Journal, under t he en.ius of George D. Prentice , had become t he leader of the ig Par ty--not only of t he outh, but of the whole Union; hilst ,on the Democratic side , their party journals , under several names , at length were consolidated into t he ourier . So that, on my return hoe from Russia, I found both united in the Courier- ~--....~--Jo .rnal, .. under the ownPl' shi of the i dofa iga le I . N. Halde , and at t he head of the n·emo- cratic arty in the South. •r he great feature of our times is tho great journals . ventions of modern times all tend to the developmen The in- f interchange of ideas and co orcial products . The ne1spaper , then , is the necessi- ty of the age . It i s rea by 11 active minds; and , in consequenco, it has superse! dt h ancient :political leader ·. he press no longer wai t,s for the oracles , but pl ays the part of seer it elf . So that, when the greatest states en speak to hundred or thousands, t ho pre.s t alks to un res of thousands . It i s thd O hird Es tate. In i? , then, the ourier- Journal .as a great power . Just be fore he vote was taken , af ter Brown' s nomination for Vice- President , being in my seat about half way own the great hall , at ,inainnati , where tho Convention was held , and being appointed to announce the vote of t he Kentucky delegation , saw a s tle.11 , flaxen-haired , "chip- per" man coming down fr-o the chairman's :platform, and making his way t oward myself . r en he got to me , he said: " Mr . Clay , just give us your vote of Kent ucky for Adams , once . p As this would have absolutely �-568- defeated all my plans, and olected Adams , I was so astonished tbat I made no reply; and the lit t l e man returned to his report er's dosk on the platform. Recovering from my surpr ise , I asked of a companion: If "Who is that? 11 Why, don't you know? '· said he, with equal surprise; "That is the editor of the Cour i er- Journal- Henry Watterson. So this was the first I had seen or heard of the bril liant,ecoentric, and combustible Watterson. For I had taken no journals in Europe; and , though I took the Courier- Journal on my return home, ! did not know wh~was the literary or politica~ editorfof it, though I did know that Haldeman held the purse- strings . Thus, at the very birth of my new Southern care er, 1 ,made an enemy of t he man who was virtually dictator in my own State, and the most potent politician in all the South. For I not only opposed Watterson's free-trade policy, and made my only speech in the Convention against making free-trade a plank in the Liberal platform; but I defeated his candidate, and put Greeley, the impersonation of ' home-labor, in the lead of the Democratic Party; ~ But the influence of Watterson has steadily declined. His dictatorial manner about Tilden' s nomination, his untimely and foo lish proposal to march one hundred thousand unarmed men to Washington at the time of the inauguration of Hayes,his equally sudden abandonment of Tilden in the Lexington Convention, his oppos ition to Hancock and defeat in the National Convention at Cincinnati , his free-trade folly, his foolish speech at t he Iroquois Club at Chicago, his support of Grant as Dictator, his toadyism to Grant men,his equivocation upon the currency,- these ,and all tho weaknesses of a t poetic temperament , and want of common sense, i s sinking the Courier- - Journal, and building up the Louisville Evening Post into supremacy, Adams was defeated, ' as his friend s admitted ibhough my inflaen- ce; and one of the vrriters said the Convent ion did not know that my facul ties were failing by age! That was thirteen years ago. �-569Greeley is 0 · ru d , t ho l2.1-igi.1age of t her o .. ' s r in "", editor o t!1e is still at ·m rk ! t vo ·,vas no f uul t of ago ; bui., in ,o dfoxd Co !1.ty S , , in 1 76: 10 oaten, bu t i.he D ··ocratio Greeley was tion party 2.s placed upon the road to victory; J. rilden Vias tri ·.-.~i "h il d 1 Clay• r opposi- d i n 1876, el phantly elected P-rcsidor t o... ·h, Unit <l f' tat s. ine t hat he as, y emocra · c troaehery and Republican :fraud and bnlldozi , not ullowo which the peo le, by t eir electoral major· ty o t 1d co ardi e o take -he )lace to d populai" vote, ha, as ignod hi . It te ill ba romo bered that was, before le by the unani ous vot, of tho _ epublicans of fo i I York, nomina- d' eon Co y. Ky. , fm member of the entuo~ ouso of .epresentativos, hich honor I ·ao epted. On arriving at home, howevor, foun the epublican le a err, all for Gr t; and, ea had no intention, under y circumstances, of support- ing him, I steorod cle r of all embarrassments by rofusi~ to be a esides, I h d · lready, before leavi1ig '1 ew York, begun candid.ate. the c paign for Grooley; and I thought I could boat promote that object by an independent movement. 'l'he '1epublioans, as soon s they found that tho Greeley movornGn~ would oporate against their favorite, denounced it all its follot- men rnn t into it, hoping to foroe the Gr nt men into Gree- ers. ley's support, and trus roform h party within tho party; but, when they saw that its fruits would be re pod by the emocrat , they wont back to Grant. I ~as not f that number, as I doemed refor utely nocessary to the ,epublic, absol- 0 0 Soe speech at Covineton r atification mootingJ 18721 c• .. or rcs-:orntio of ho ,ut01. nT;f o t n r? t 1,es,-- giv· . i-et..so citizens disfranchised, ignorant blacks rule, e i,C. a.nc.1 wa s to strongthe~ in the overt bro 1 vicious whites to c 1ie vo d. t at to e 1oo t i:r ant , o , a ds of tho op o it ion , anl thoso en :)a od f St ~t e utono~ . ho e w11 imputo ,orr,onttl ::noti vo... for my cha.n._,e 0 i ti zens of hio, '' he said, "thero must always be two parties. Where there i s free om of the press of speeo~ 'a¢d of the_ballot, . there must bo t wo arties. For' mvse f _ J h~ • 0 " 1 �-5'70uever bce'.!'.l. 11artisan. It has been the o"bj oct of JrfJ" life to study wh~t ls for the good of th~ people, and. t}_len to work for 1t wit h what force God has g1von me. Consc1ence has ever been higher than self, or party. Therefore , I am not ashamed of t he fact that I have often changed parties ." Extract from speech at Cleveland., on Sept. 14, 1884, the l ate John tlay pr esiding. fail t o remember , or are jgnorant of the fact , that the Senate of the United States , who reprr:isentod the Republican Party, r efused to the l a3t to allow Bewar d t o remove me from office; but it was the band of corruptionists and traitors t hat I fought. And the unanimous nomin,-:ition of myself in !!adison County by the Republican Party, when t hey ,1flr e then i n a majori ty , showed that I coul <l have resumed the l aac1arship., ts o ill811111tilfll!lti--~ v,lrich now led on t o triumph with cer- tai nty of per son and principles, --so far , a t least, es executive ap- pointments wer-i3 concerned. !nd , oven aft er Rayos was eloct ed , I was invited , run.one the few so-ca lled Demoora ts, to me ot h i n1 a t Louisvil l0 . And then, being for the first time, introduced t o Wm. U. Evarts, he insist ed on my making a visi t to Washington, which I construed into a proffer of office, but which I decl ined upon principle, though I had in a letter to Judge St anton oi Kentucky vindicated t he character of Hayes, and advocated a fair support of hi s administration by the Democra tic Party. 1 £hiR incident is confirmed by gentl emen i n my late Northern canvass, who t old mo t hat President Hayes intended at one timo to invite me, as one of the Southern men, into his cabinet . And tbis must, at least , be sai d in favour of Hayes, that he made an honest and conservativo ad.ministr ati on of tho government , checked the tide of corruption, and pl aced the party on the road to r eform, its f i nal purification and ultimate success, ·which mns t lift i t again into power, or the Republic be lost. Presi dent Ar thur s eami; ent i tled t o similar c oum1endation , for he has shovm great moderaiion i n par ty di [ioi pline, and has made a f a ir and conserva tive admini stra t ion. It is to be hoped that all personal ambitions and revenges will be sunk into a common patriotis~ in the security �- 571security of t he saored ballot . nor th and Sou.th , (givi ng Cleveland as well honest support when deserved,) wi thont which the Republic must perish. Gr eeley carried Kentucky , getti ng but few r egul ar Republican votes--the Democr ats not taking him up cheer fully; but I found , in Ohio a.n<l otber Pit at es where I ~poke, t hat , notwi ths t andi ng the Democrat ic Convent ion at Baltimore also nominated him, the Democr at s supported Greeley with rel uctance. wer e yet The wound.s of the l ate conflict unhealed; and in Gr eeley they sa\'T one of t he ir most potent foes of other days, a.nd could not find it i n thoir hear ts t o forgive hi m. And to this day many Democrats all over t he U-ni on r egar d t he Gr eeley movement as a mistake ; when every man of refl ec t ion sees t hat such ,,,as the only r oad out of t he pit of i mpotency and despa ir , whore the 0 Lost Cause" had sunk t hem. Encouraged , however , 1>y the ir partial success, they, in 1876, retur ned to their old party lines, and nomi nated G. J . Tilden and ~h · .A. . ,1ena.1'1c v ~ . k..s . 1 ornas As 'l'i lcl<n~ ha.cl becm a Union man thr oughout, no o1::i jection was mado by t ho Liber al Repul)lict2.ns . In t he maantimo the South, seeing there was 3ome hope of justice i n tho i r treatmont, t ook oour ago, and begun to struggle for the expulsion of t he car pet -baggers, who wore plundering 1>0th whites and bl acks . In 18'75 I wa s i nvi ted to canvass !~.iosi ssipp i. ,,..- / speech at Greenville. own way. I made n1y fir st The car pet -bagger s, up to t his time, had their Thisp tate was one of those f ew whi ch had a maj ority of blacks; and in it the outrages of mi3rule r eached their highe st cul minat ion. Tho b itt erest feeling was kept up by the Radi cal s be t ween the whi tos antl the bl acks f or party pur1)oses . The old pl an.tars c ould with difficulty 5ot labor upon any ter ms . Their gins wer e burned by i nc0ndiaries without redress ~ ana the i r hogs s~d c~ttle wer e common property. A pl anter, see i ng his hogs st olen, or cattlo shoi down for beef, had no r edress. so as He~vy t axes were l ai d upon the bal~s Qf cotton, t o absorb al l t he profits; and the publi c moneys put into tho ' pockats �- 572pooket s of the Radicals . In one villa.ea I found all the officials, being aarpet-beggors , living in one public house, and eating at a c ommon table. rrhe collector of the taxes gave a "strawbond, n with tbe sums of securi ty put on the r.o..~r g i n of the pa1,er; and, when the enf orcemAnt of tho penalties of def~?.ult was attempted, tho scissors cut off the margi n, and the bond was not worth even n 11 s trav1 ! ft The school :fund a t (,Tackson was pl undored; and ften.eral ruin and anar chy pr evai l ed. i'he whites had no re<lress in the courts ; the criminals escaped, and 1 the prosecutors wero fined or imprisoned instead of the culprits. Such a state of things was intolerable. ln ma:ny cases the t axes wore greater than the profits of the l amls; and many propri etors, ~ despair , took up their household gods and went into exilo--into other St ates and foreign countriea--abandoning the best co tton-lands in the world. I speak from my own observations of ·rthat i s aw wl t h my own eyes. Such a state of socio ty began to tell upon the subsist enoe of the blacks tham~elves . Some of them had a ccumulated small l anc:led p;ropertie ~. or aultiva.ted ootton on tho shares; so that the cotton-bale tax reached them, also, as well as the old planters. Colored clergymen ancl sma 11 l and-ho l de1· s. ,1ho had accrum1la t ed small means , and had i nte 11 i ganco enough to see for t hcmsolves, vrora ready for revol t. So , when I reachod Mi3sissippi, ther e was a colored party of Independonts, operating upon the same princ ipl es as tho Lil,eral 3epublioans farther Horth. At Greanvillo, I was f ol lo\1ed in ruy spoooh by a half-u1·eed liber- a t e(t ~llave, who made as good if not a be tter speech than any of us , in f avor of the new party. In Kentucky t ho Radicals, finding I was henceforth .?tGainot thorn , pori3ecutod me vii. th more bi ttornent1 than even the Slave-Power i n olcl tiJncs . Un...hoai-d-of calumnies were published aga inet mo in the iforthern journals, nnd the b i t1.or eot fo clings were engendered in the bosoms of tho blacks against me. I was held up as a renegade, and declared a worse enemy t _han the old slave-owners, and �- 573- ready to r einst ate them . So i ntense vras this feeli ng that the ig- norant blacks, especially those who had grown up during my absence , plundorod iey· house. burned my out-dwellings and barns , and at tempt ed to murder my children and myself. But in LHss i ssippi they had not thought that I ever would venture on the stump, and had t aken :no pai ns t o destroy my i nf l uence. The heavy slave cou nties were peopled mostly from Kentucky, and lmew my l abor s and s acrifices i n behalf of freedom. They r eceived me with warm hearts , and were ready to acknovrledgo f r iend. llJ:8 as a l eader and My audiences were genor ally sev~:ral thousand , and often not a dozen men of the whi te r e.ce present ; and thoy t ook no part in the speoohos or orr;ani?.at i ons, but sat Rs obser ver s on the outskirt s of tho cr owd . A chairman and secretar y wer e genorr1.l l y chosen , and then each speaker was limited to a half-hour . But, as I was a stranger , t hey allowed me to spe~k first. and a t will. So I took my time; and, whe.n I was thr oueh, t he Radicals wer e r ui ned . Ther e was 'but one wh i t e speaker on my s i de, my nephew. Gr een Clay, who had been nrJ secretary of l ega t ion a.Tih i le a t St. Pet ersbur·g , and efterwar d was sent in t he samo capacity to It aly, under Gao. ~ . Marsh. He wa s a planter in Bolivar Count y, and a candidate for the Logi slat11re on t he Reform tic.ket. 0 _µ..~ 0 O<- e~__._J;l i --~ He ~••q:d"tn ~he Un~on arm:y and in ihe Legislatures of 11h ss1ss1pp1 and !,lissotn' 1. " H. 'rhe pr inoipal speaker s on the Ra- dical side were a mulatto f r om the city of Jackson, and a.roman named SuLl ivan, who came dmm with the Union army, and had been a carpet bag off i ce¥holder from that time. I saw many color ed men i n the audience whom I had seem elsewher e in the f r ee St ates; but they kept aloof f r om me , and consorted with my bitterest opponents. The blacks wer o fond of these meetingst and the debate generally oommenced early, and continued almost al l day. 'rho Radical s , seeing the f oroe of my speeches . tried to intimi dat e my supporters ; but we stood up f ear lessl y, and we met t horn on every point. Tho new- comenr �-574posted ther11. on my 1;oli tica l por,j tion, and I V?as asJ~ec1, whilct speaking: ''nia_ von not " h Ct as Vi ce- Pr esident of the Democr.:i tio Convent ion a t I replied : nof course I did. Frankfort ?u How was I to put down tho plunder ers unless I acted with other parties, vrho had a l i ke interest .in t ho ~>r ote1Jtion of our proper t y ? t hine. And non I ask you to do t h$ same Let a ll par ti0s join in s. common cause aga inst our oppressors ! 11 The rula tto from Jackson w2.s ctr i von of f by the •;, ri tton re1Jort of tbe Radicals , -;rhich I read , Hhowing t hat he he..d used the school-fund ! S11llivan s t ayo<.t longer. But I nmnc.ged to get a copy of his "otraw- 1,ond , '' and put it c1uietly into my pocket. I showed, also, tho.t he had been a defaulter by t he Radi cal printed reports. Finding tho battle goine against bthem, as we nearod Pr iar's Point, where t ho g-reat massacre of the blacks had latel y taken place , in a fight btought on by the carpot-b:-a§gero, tboy determined upon a row . We got timely noti.ce . We nephew ancl I weru sleep i ng at the house of Ex-Governor Clark. At midnight a large body of bis former nl aves 7 and prer-wnt omploy,6s rodo up, having t r avelled twonty or thirty miles , and prorioseu t o join us in self-defense . Uy :n.opho·n , by r.rry ad.vice, sent back ~ome of t hom; but retained the most prudent and cour ageous. I had been in the }1abi t of shaki ng hands vii th a ooal-black colored man who had boen treasurer, and. honestly kept the public moneys . He vras acting wi t h us . I would descend from the platform, and shake hands with h i m, s ayi ng: "Her o is an honest man, and I want t o t ake him by the llant1. 1 • On the pr esent occasio~ Thin proc1ucod a gr oat sensat ion. aft er others and myself 1iad spoken, C81Ile Sullivan. Therefwere several stout 1 fierce bl ack men from 7r i ar's Point on the platform. We wer e a l l well &.rmed, and we had ga t hered an unu::mal cr o\vd of whites, ivho stood on t he ski rts of the mob ready for action. unuGual temper and s i gns of fight. him. Sull ivan shovred I sat a t hi s right hand, next to After usi nG infl.:11:lrnatory l anguage, he turned to rue and said: "G-en . Clay seems to t 3.ke espaolal pnin::1 'to shake hands with ---- --, as an honest man. Does he intend to insinuate t hat we aro not honest ?'' I rose to my feet; and, running my hand into my left-breast ooa t-pooket1 drew out the "straw-bond 11 copy, and said: nYes; and hare is the proof �- 575t hat you are d i shonest and trying to S\7indle this people . '' showed the bond , uud tl.enouncO(l the fraud . I then Sullivan. no doubt think- i ng it a pistol, bei ng taken by sur1)rise, arni finding himself c ornered, and us r ot1dy for &1y f.3.tc , stopped down froo tho plat f.or m, and disap- peared in t ho urowd. My nsp1ww took the stand, a!ld was vory bit t er agalnot 3ulliva.n A very stout and fi rm-looking and others. Friart a Point , jumped up &J.<l. just behi nd. ma, from interrupted J l ay; 1rut I spr U11£' t o my fee t aga.i n , aml sai d , stornly , t o him: t ime ! " 1113ll, 11 Do n t t you i nterfer e out of your And thuu no f igh 111 took place . Aft cn" I c..u110 down i:r:om the _pl a tform, Sul livan c runo to ice, and, t aking me aside , said: "Gen . Olay, wo a ll lmow you, aud your lifes truggle i n t he cauBo of f ro0dom; we u.o n rt r;an'l. any \luarrel with you . " I :replied · 11 :,h :. 8ull i van, I am a s mu.ch t he frioncl of the black man as I e-;or was; I v1a.i1t 11.0 11u...n:-re 1 wi th you, or uny other man ot party; but as long as you plum1cr Lhenc people--you > or others-- consider me your enemy. " He salu. no norfj. mheso mcm toln , e t c . a nd set u speaker Yrs.s Wln'c t.11 armed vri th old ~Jhot- guns , ar :my- ca1~hinos , p i s- Onee there wag so l)mch 0xuitomont that t ho crot,d divided , supara~._; ronotiil[;S a fen gun.dr ed ya1·cls apart . Ur . ilOFH:l , ,,,ho i.md 3pokeu a t Gr eenville, a half-breed from Kentucky and l i beratocl in Hi ssiss i ppi by th0 rmr . 1, cia.l l y angr y ui tb lli:m. Our best They \7oro ospe - I never fc 1 t i n nor e danger 1n. my life; not t hat t hey uould caro t o ki ll mo pa1· ticularl y , but bocnuse in a melee t hey would n.o t car e who was killecl . One day .( J?:rnduue cl qui to a sannat l on . -'~s I s a id lwforo, the kil l.ing at Pria.rts Point ~as <lisustrous t-o the bl acks , though br ought on by t he whi t o cur pet-bagg-e1~s , n-llo were careful to slip a.nay unharmed . I said: fT ellow- cit i ~~ens , ve are uo\1. thank Gou, all l)OlH,ical equals. We do n't want ar L •i:;;h par ty, nor !1 Ger man party , nor ~ white man ' s nor a black man's par ty; but a patty for the peopl e, and the good of all . TThilst you , our colored fe llow-citi zens , are in a maj ority here �- 576ana i n some 3tate s; in i11e whole South t ho ,,lute ~ a.rG i n a maj o't"ity; and 1s t hat .rn..".\11 y anr fr iencl who t r i ec• t.o a._"onsc yo tff feelings agai nst the -;1hi t eB, t o cause a pol i ticul war , or a per so!.1.a l war of r aces ? Or aru I 110 t but f ollmdD{; in t he r oad o:f r.ry wholo li fe whan I t ell you, as a f1~ie!1cl , l t 1s not j m3t, nor Lo y our interest , to bring on a ~.:.uarrel with t.hc wh i t es \7hcn t.ho numbers iu ·e on tho whole ugninst you, and \"iher~e you u.ro l ~kely yoursel ves to be t ho suff er er s ·t These men, who c ome clown her e t o mako money off your misf ol'tunos , ar e e ver ready to em1ioil yu~t ,~ i t,h ~ho white3 . You wer e driven to batt le at Vicksbur g , and la t er a t Fr i ar ' s ? oint ; aml you los t always . killod ? i:Iow, 1 ask, who was I f any roan oI tbe :?a (l leal ?ar ty \Jill t el l me of one car 1)et- bagr:cr 'i7bo .as ov er kill<3d in tbcrno 'uat t.l os , I wi i l cor:io down f rom this pla i f orri , be forevor s ilent, and. vote tho Badical t ickc t . '1 'f hal'e was o. gr oat shout of : 1 1 '.l. hut 1s t r ue ! 1'hoy bring on t ho f i ght , and t hen r tu1 a:m1y ! ~fhe upshot of t ho canv8.ss rra:J t hat J i s si~s i ppi, bei or c Brulioa l, was c.3.r r i od 1>y :15 ) 000 maj or i t y , ancl mLide one o f he ' Bolid. Sont h . ' 1 1 ~ot long a:tt er rny ne phew wa~J el ected , he wrote me t hat Sullivan 1.·ms l)euten, and sl i pped off ,;r:i. th t he public money , leaving his '' s trawboud11 i nst ead ! 'J:ha t t here was some i nt i.nu lati on in. 11i sni ss i_ppi agai nst the blacks I 'he.vo ovory rea son t o bBl i evt~. Is ther e n0 t ) a.utl has t her e not been, l ike party i n t i mi dation in I!ow Yo1:k, in Philadelphi a a nd Dal timore, and t ho other gr ca t ci tios ? Braves , ,, t he 0 ','.ho Hor e iLe "? l ug Uglies , u t l:e 11 Tamruany Doad Tfab11 i t s , '' 1mt pol .i.t i }ul bancl i t t i an.cl bal l ot stuffers anct. sl ung-shot bul l i es endangEn in[;' t he l i ves of voters ? Ir.1. 1856 se ver al n:en we1·0 kill ecl i n t he 001w t r y even; b0cause , in Indiana , t hey wore 1-u~.t ed , and powerle s s t o res i s t opposition. These ,;rcr o not cases f or t he i nttn•f Eri"ence 01 t he gen er a l Gover nr:1ont . The refor m mu st comG f r om t he St ates t l1.onmelves . ¥fo ar e committed to the rul e of the peopl e; and t her e we mus t st and or f all . Tha t my polioy was right, from 1862 to 1884, i~ proved by tbe result; uhereas, there wero el even Sta tes in t he Souther n Rebellion, there a re now sixteen-all below Mason and Dixon's line--in the "SOLID SOD1't H. 11 �_5r17 _ Y.XV. t./ .I l ·.:hom has t i me, the. tesi of. all tb.no1• io s . provon to be rie;ht ; Stunne r and Steven~ , or :crysclf? I am b.8 It,uch t tl(, fa· :ooo of t ho black to - day Jw.1..l I say once more, as l wan i.LL 1860 • or at &ny por iod of. uy life . t he bos t intoTest of the b:i.&ok race 1s to lo;rn it~ i dent ity, lilw t he Gerj~nu or tho Irish , or u.r...y oihor Ihitiouulity of b.i.:rth, :in tbe common American people . 'l'il<l.en beine eleotect by a 11!.-ij o i·i t y o:: the elootoral a nd popular vote, and the ::ousB of 1·:epro sentu tives--tlte Co!J.~ti tut i omi.l orear-. of the final I came vote--1ieiug· al$-'> Doritourntic , tlw ·,my f or the ?.:-..rty ·wa.B plai n. out in an a:rticl~ ln fav-or oi ~ Const i:.ut.i..v11.al 0orn.i.t . '.iiha Louir.ville Courior-.JoutJtc\l too}.. up u.y 1,Jla.ifor1:1, a.lllL tho Convention of Democrats, o.ac of too uio~-:it t&le11to1.i. ~.ad L.1.rgest ovor held i1.1 t,he Blate, met a t I war,, rr12lle, unsought by mo , its 1Teni1lent. Louisville. simplo count ·-.ms irdol'Hed almost unanimously; 1Jut , tions went to pr ess , the tolog1'.'am ,u0t us say l LJB· o. iiG fore 'Iha same tho resolu- <:Ort!)romi se had been a.greed upon ·by boih r,a1•ti0H troops at ·::ashington, 0 •· i he brillia.nt, o:rrat 1c Hu11 cm11.bu0t;i1)l e ~iatte1·son w-antml one ~~ndre1. thoys~d Kf?nt~of i ansr1 to go -µP to llashi ngton, al l ,..rrncd ,n t h coot h-p1oko . -- I . ' 138D . to t he crisis. I know no t:hing. I s1,e0ula. t e: 'J;,,~: .it r,:r lvatoly unclorst oocl that the ;t2;.tes sho11lcl bo ull mrod 1.,h oi:r a1..,.tonomy lowed the Gener al Government? u: tlrn :z;aclieals vwre al- }) id Tilden J.oao h i s officG nnc ause he ,rtote llis let ter clonyiriE, any purpose to p~,y for 2011thcr n losses by t he war ? 'r!as tho Conttres~ over.awetl 'by Grant ts tronp~ ·:· 'J hatevar be the uruwo of out· cl.efefat, I nc~ver am;entod to any par t of the pr o- I wt ote au article, corr ected, but not published, by the Ncr: -York SUN ) ful ly expr csf; iHg m.v views; but l rocmJ.lEid i t , .ls t oo I late , when both part i es~ by a for nu.tl vote, had stood by the Co~ i ssion of "8 to ? • " After Hayes vn'!.~ gi vcn t he seat, I was for ab id i:ng, in good faith, by t he contract. Yfe had se t onr ltfe upon a css't·. and·, �- 578 - (~ou 1 rt i n fn.irnu1s cnly .1bi o.0 t1\:' h=:-.7,ar d of -c·hc a.ic ! I fear this wau a bl(;W to our iiw i ~;t:tiu1rn w11inh w:i 11 nevor all ow us our ioru.or vital I -for~es; lnrt l)l a.nt t 110 s oado of disease and dae.t h i n all our noi•l!lal and R. ·D . H«yoB n.hn.nL1onoL the HacUoal renr,diP.R, withdr o-;; the united ~ -i.•/t,1 StBJos~~/i oN i bc~ f.onth. and ~'ho aut.onomy of the St r~tos stands -res torod to t 10 ir :)r 1{:i11.ul and status i.'1 tho structure of tho Government. 1\01-r.1,' ll He;.•o th0 1.v,) c;i·eat a e t :~ in t}te Pol itica l Drama, h1 wliioh t havo bm·ne 2 ~,] ,H e ~·• ~ p:lrt , ooa oe . ?1CJ f i :~t '.'75.9 t r.0 frc&dore of t1w bl Rcka, and tbe e 1~ali t y of. ::-i.11 ·bi foi't! tJ, a law. The socond. in the <' t u.to~ to t-:w i r ori,~hml sovoreif,·nty. ':'las t hB r estol'ation of 11he Uni on is re stored. l tr11:~t it "t1111 rchiain forever or,e and i ndi vi siblo Thorn iu a ·bt ion.. the s.:i.cr~d .3.:tk of t rm l i b e.c t its of nJ.1 our ·noo1)lo, and i bP l,ea.con 1 ight of pr o;;ross f or [.11 tl•e ·t! ·~tilm =l :>f t1:o ear th . ,, 0 ~ 0 1181'!-t r o i1)o i-.: ,u tor 1 C. L . '.n.1,,' ~ ?o r-;i tion. ,">f t h o Covi np·t ons Ky .~ }.n,,11.irer: 11 11 ,TJ-O'l"li.;jl"Y 5, 1 78 . Some t imo s i aou ~ br ief editor L!l. o.ppeal.'t,d i u y onr p&pc r, i n vrhic h it r ras in-tilla ";qd that t bs prosont I>Oli titJal s ta tus of 3oner a1 ~Ht4:.il rn ·.r * ·.n mr, of KenLuekii- , -wa s ~1nc i dcdl i a t var i :3nG~ \VJ. t h :"'if, f ormer cotrr ~o and for ri1c r E.. bors i n be} aL:i: o f t I10 blr1.{,kr, , T1iu:n .2rti;lu , tu ~Ol !t, ext ent , :;t Jet.•·~t, c1ill r:o,lcr i1.J 1l r-:v i n j;:i:3t i c o , .inasmuch a~ it mnhodiecl a · ' l .. , ' ' • r.JlG0 0 I h ~C1J I1,.L O.J. U .l. I.. Jl O ..~d .l ltUuG n o i£la~ GCO'V.l)l(; ,~L V.l 11'H1~-; 1u-: e n t•1ro -, ·j I. j • r,,fc, n ·.,:(" ! . \!'r hmr~ sla.v,,ry , .-;.ct m n.".'l.I l,!l [l:l.L.J .. . Gcnr r al d . novor 1J(;t;hme a1\(l !J..6Vt th:in ~11 ..fr,G J. l Licid.f t 1£1utuJ.;il .fur the p1.1r •1o•~c• o:' ctinf,, r r i11.t,qfr0rsJ 0m on t he b l nckc:'\ . lii f! oh i C!l' t \'/-l,S l ,ip18'r th,tn this and mcro co.m1'1J';:;hfln',iYo . Jt i;ni.C t o 1'1ali oratu t' C c;ondilion, P111: bthit nronrote t he true intorof'!t r, of t h13 r1l1;i-t..r :v 1 woll c.R c,olorud r neo, t int b, t;br nve;: the tyr:umz d td Vl..3.tliCt hrc.uc~,~ or t r rJ t, j 111o ~!'l tiknd. 1')0pPl.8rity , Jo:-r!\wt, ;lfl.f:;'t y-. l i Le it":(• . f ;!.!ad ' 1 ..... ' i. n an a upar atl, ho1)0 Le~!.. 11 i 1.l.or'1 1. v., re,·,· r'lh.1(y yef,r s . •rrno ~\1,1or .i0:.'n JiO\\'liC.p € r ';78 :1 ost al)L r. ti.0rl Lexington , Ky . ~ a :Jtar,l;c- of yoar s t{.: o,l .. iVi ll l,c i.:01'.!cd;i:rc d i.hat no r-l ri,p .,,,. i.J' r11 t tto1I. i o purchn.flo a ,~opy of it a t the i r offi0c . 'lht3 itlce. that t h l •.i 1n:u'.:lr, ·w;1 tc h" ll!:C-d iw u 1:1em11"· I°< •.t i110iti·n g rnrvilr i '1!,,, r:tec;~.i c111 ·,,a r ntdn,1y 1,;_st ~t1U~!'l or n tt tr J. i M:'i. l i.c i.ous . 'Ilie cl:i.i o.i: tfOJ at: t of t he ~ ~ 1)0 :': (i.J\d 1 t !1 cu.i 1_., r 7t.r :-.·1,Ylke a t _t ' -fY~~~ : C·!' i~.t t, ir r t i ~imL.ri.l¼fh ,t.u'! J>ol i ti{,"1.1.l l~r, wan a cnr:-.c t~ l~".eo,~, 'Wiiii~'ti V1iltlf~, to he L11 r-nxc.::r. ~ -.":.ad to ev~tr y r :rc.k ,:.l1(1 cond"itjon of U ~o - 1/110 m..Jl , 1~0 c;c11tr oll c.a that yup r b~d. w.J iihot tH.l lu.lil:. ~~.rm;..a f iw f ,__. (•h• , , :tv~u. r~or ',icotod ·1 (i'-.,6i-...t ii,,; nt :-u:·hi n ,t th~1 master •. He proclaimed tha t f r cr.dom >·:1a!> t;10 illh l ionablc •i t7h t _·rn..1. not m'il condition of ~m.; ~:i.uti 'L}).a.t suc11 r-i r;h t r nrd N1 on no n.i~tu1ttai:an of r aco , culturc ot' color . ln t il1 G i.;0..1.uec iuu\ ar~a... to r:10,..ru.re ao t h l1.l.{; .{. Jr& tri.B.ll a,.i1t.1t vi ndic cation of Gener a l t1la.y , I 1?!0uld ask of vou the f avor !4ess r~ Etli~or H, to publish in• you·t wiclely- circulat ed journal t he fo l lowi ne ba t tlctl 01t :1 ' 1"!1. in t.1-1 (j to 11cm 1 ~ �extract irom a pr ivat~ lc.t 1.~:r tt,cenlly ·,rrittcn by 1"1im ; ''The prin• t~5p1.0'1 of t }.10 'J1d 1o;rt,J1l lcnn ;1ar ty ai·e '"-:.'J dear to_Mf1 :1.s they. ever were. l t 1s only ai1:a l.!_:.St t h~ \~:tlo ·use tben. ft:;r ille[;:i.l .ma se1f i sh c.ndP th!i ! WRT. \l}e t ho r tho hlae}f :r i soo to a;i oqual cj_ vili za t10:n wi t!'l t!Je -~hiie or net u(C; l~vt C:.£.nf;c 1,1;: i sc;-~c . Ther e can be no worse i;ca.te tkm slavory . If chanee n01110s it r:ru.st be for the be tt0r . Freedom' s boon t o the rihi tcs is eYr.rywhere der:.:oun trated tbnr-i f ~tr - - i 11_ti 8t or~r,, . i nl oult1Jr e, i n_bni ltl~ng· in ornamen t a l surtound1:p.gs, 1n a ll t11lI!f.'S , ancL cn3p0c1al1y 1n the eduCfi.t ior1 ..1:f t l-ie rrnonJe. :But to .r:nt1irn. to t hor;c nisconst ructions: I hr-~ve aide<l in the 'l)/J.Ssagc of l aw~ for the legc.l i r.ati cr. o f negro tect i111ony ~ ince 1 'i)~(,a:; e a :3,.·-calle<!. Je:raocra t, g:>iJ)[; .o 1;rankfort and t he r e per sonally canva.s~; ing t:\.11 the o_C: slave l aws in t hat 1:"flfard i'UH'G 1·ore:~loa. \TIHl w vcr t he ri&ht s of t'ho 'ol::icks ha'ire bocn three.t enea a.t the _polls or by !nob viol once I have pt<omptl y int o:rfere(l for t .ioj:c ~:rrot0ct l(m, c1.r1.11 no octno,l[.1 g1·ie vances can, X truwt 1 eve:r load. me ·o vent my inc1ivid.ual t m·:m~s urior. a race. T t11ink' i h:ivc th?. conf ldenCi~ o.!:' th1~ 1·a cc ..;.f! ,n01·t as a t h1lj' former time 8ineo l j oinec1 t 1v0 :Democratic part :v . ihey see t hat the co Lor lino, "11 1J cT1 r dar..otmceJ. in a spoech 7.,t ~.icr..mond i n 18172 . has pr oved a failure, i f not a crimlnal blunder . · " .,1.. '"'I-~Y : ..J/1 • fr om his own pen , l r; a ~or roc t rcflnx of the J .. ' 'Ihe forefo iP.g > sontiftn t ? of -_~his cl i f-l t j !l@.'Ui~hed €t''l1fillGi pat i onist now and in days e ono 'Dy. Jc. U~xtrHct from Int erv·iow i t1 Q i 11-c ilma ti. Tirna~- 8tar , Oct. lf;. 1886) J/Yoll; do not ox.pact to act \fi th the Demoaratic par ty again, '? 1 0J:i no; [ a.~ n9 t a t home ~here. Lly tr iend3 arc ~11 on the :>'lh0r s.ui0 . I :nrnnly advouELi eo. t110 ele c t 1on of :tc . Tilden f or a pur pose. .i wan tea 't he sovor oigut:v of th0 ~.'01.1.t}10r:i1 f3 t a tef! full y. ro~torod. ~fr . 1 l3.ye3 did that ~nci took thG troo·p8 fr om the South and ·this wa s all desired. 'Jf. , CtO :VOU 11 • r I a p1)ond a few lettors :from 11 vi11t; statcsrnen of a ll par ties, r!y fr i ond , Gordon, the :forc1:.0Bt crim- and one li tora ry gentlc1m'ln . i nal lawyo-r of a ~T'1A.t and t alented Gi:1. to ~ hud. once proporwcl to vrri te my life; but, joininF.,· tho Unj_on a:r.rny 1 ho han<led. airer h0 data to Vioe- Pr esid.Ant. Henry Hilf:on, for the ,;rr.i t i nr;- of his 'n i sc and :r·all of t he Slavo- }ov,ar . · f}0 r have boen r a t her for eecl , by \'/:nl:rnn t s d.oath, and Lhe ill- healt h of Mi~H !~n.iio :i:.lJ.a Oari·oll, 1:rho '.1a s cn.tru1t e with my scrap-books , v te . , to unde1• tnke a 'L aHk myself whiah. ·p"Jrl.J..a});, t would. ha.vc 1)oou liot~er done ·uy thone f r icm1n , or· olJ..1er s : dash Lric 1,<1n I1 . ·: . • l' fl bru:.:r.-y 2, 1885, ~ly Dear ;.tr. Cl.Hy: - ".iou.r- very kind ie tt~r t. t'.Tom \lbo.ny wcro noot gr a t c,fully .. iJp1·6u i atod both by A1·s 1'1i~irw ti.id n.ry~elf. That ~ho:,r ner e not morn p1:_0111pt ly a~know~.odt3:od :J[fY C>C' a't!;r1butod_ to l.ho f,T eu t pressun:1 01 pf'rtiond.l bu1:nnt':\frn, wbJ<.,h ::1 s 1x-rnoitths' A-~t?911>ti on i n t1~,e political fit:ht left jn a sadly cb ranged oond .l. t 1 o:q. . . , . .. 1~fool~eSD6C1~1~v ~o~or ~d that mv. Cart'111o~cv atits·~tad vour sulllJOr l; . J. our puoi i·o ..1. t:.:G 11an uedJ1 1mn1. 1 ..1.r vo mo .1. t 1ony years-- from my ear ly boyhood, indeed. If I have not always agreed. with you, I have uevcr f a iled to admiro your ability, and your heroic <}ourag0. together . I especially rejoice t hat now we stand Tr ust i ng that your health i s full y r est or ed I am most faithful lv~ vour f riend, 'H nn r. )K n I.Li or, J AMES G. BJ~~INE. ' �- 50GMe1'l Yo:rk f;t .8t o T.i brarv Jil,;1111~, DGcei.;bar"9 , 1884. ~apitol , Ho,).. ~Jassius ,i. CL .,i.y-- 1J.'ll!' ,H) hours tii 11er ;i ot, l e l t :;.·our llJ1.1nJ home, I i·&ceivGd. f roiri t he <'ITtl~l i r.,r-; nes,:ro l£t t 16 1oGr of tho ho,1se tho ntnr tliw , ar.LllOUlH,m'leni. iluit' you- hsd uomrtau . I Tt[i5 ~;ur e that 1 wa~ in tiliJe to r 1(: ,,0u f ·.row0ll--worih1 -L'ho.t I 14hould h.evo utter ed with su0l1 lJUr6 r eri·~t~ iha.L the t iri,e ht..(\. 0orn~ ·1.,0 utter L.€11·1. I O\..f;ht to hP.vr-, 1"€,u:r.:lat, tha khil·\ nvtc: ,,}. i (:h ~on pt.i 'into 1,t,r J:a.11d~1. acldress o(l ,;:y .i)eur ll;;rner;.1i : - •~o m? Ly i o,ir$cl:f, ~s 1norr; rn·c,ph0t'1c 01. the n.ot,.rness o:( your departure 1,han. 1 1houe,lLi; 1 t 1-, as . .(11 0iil: ·i 1tf;:f-t l.tH~ y,edneRclay t~ft ernoon J. he.cl i u mv h.i11.ds 1.wo pamphlet of r,:v o71'IJ., "7t 10h _ df-. vr-i r,11BhEtd t o suoc;el-1F.f111 r(1m~1t s , ~!.:-· tnc ei1gr a.v1n€s" ,1 i l1 \wove ~rhi ch iwcor!l}_mny the {J&.nrphl&ts ~ \Jhich I fjenu to you by ma.11 . Al..J. tho ch11~trt1.1elitR seor.: to ,o plot..scct. 1l,at tl1ey a-:o now forbich1 on lo u.se any other device 011 sealn or let tels th&n i.l.!.e insignia of t he f: t n +.e fron·~bich t1.uy lcrivc their Ruthority- . 1 t hank tho go()d a1!,f;el who pr esitlet over my de s tiny ( and 1 hope I be.vs snch a r·c. ,nu;c,) f or "T;i.;hi 1[ to se:-ik you ::n~t, ..,hem. f J.oa:tned that you wer£; to lfo wi lh us av,hile. - .t. h.c:..c1 , u:h.:i: ing scor es of :[C:<i.s.' S , 1·evere n(:ed y01:.i. as nnwb rnoro t h2n Jo1:m. t b.0 .BP ~t i st l et. t:tc "' i.ldcr e s s . I bo1,e ycrr.. may 11:iV<l tho pr i v·ilcgc f or si1ll d.ccades of yeM s t.o come of contri b111,i:;..· · l o r~,ko ntr a i cht tho m1.v f or t.hc. tr i m•rr)h of righ teous neso . 1 h<!ve 1·o~elveu. t11e book of tho· matron Hhioh you l oft i'Ti th hffr . 7ho l n~lo};cd c'J.tiiil£ froro a lato I>a:pnr--Damoor a tin - -will ::;how you tbs f lo.tter i !.g cr~y i n whi c11 l,)Bt t :y itGn stri vo t c look at Lllo futur ~:ha t h~ve .:1e t o c1 o ·b-_1·t 11opc for 1.ho 1'ost , and ou ,~t 1, j 11 Govo't'nor Cleve land i ll eve ry good rue ~,su1· 0 te a1•i.)tovos of ? .!. ho~o t o secur0 for :vou a J.a t r~ pa'llphl c- t--i~ . ;."' . :te.-o on ~~d .:..Gat. ion i n t 1 10 ,m,.t 1,. Hi r f orcibl e l m1gu&€';a i s calcu.l~tGd io «Wti.kcn aJ.l clasnon to s trive by ~ fil;l sort of mNrn.s , i ndiviau2.l, l ocP..1 ~ town, countyi !'.tt:-dt~, '\r'.d 1Vi.t1onal r esources, t o secU1'E1 e ·uoation, culture, nnd e .... evat ion fo r t he peo:ple of the South . ~ o·v mU"!l J r ogTet ::hat 1r..y mi ss ion:rry er ;•1mds of 1,r1ng ing you good books , anJ'1 thing3 n GW and old,11 fron t ho libr ary have oeesecl .fo1'.'e-~er more. ?fay om· snirits ye t moo t :1{~2 1. 11 on tho f arther shore , i s tho hope of, f~ithfully and heartily you.rs . w.nTI ,' . :rm.ms . Ind a mtpol i s , Inc.. , Februar y 4, 1885. f{y DeHr >' i-iend ;-I oiter.. think ot yoT. , an..1 e.lvrayr- .fl i th prido anc1 pl easure ~ ~rnJ. yo t I n11, R t. c 07tf om-; ".'l' i u, rog-t e t. ':'1-..o · en l le •1dor s o f nnt h.11s anu. rauG e ar r. novcr allowed to en ter their promised l ands, and tlta r efore ~on ar o al ways c oupled in r.rv t1ind vr"i. th :ret"l·et. Moses cou.l(l look at L{\nnan fron 'the tcp of I'is~ah 1 b1. L rught rio t ent or 'li tb the pc,ople of God. He i n t h~ type of a.Ll t?ue P. n.l t r nly t:,reat l eader s . I 011ee hoped tltr.t tlw l.o~u1>1icun Par ty would be r,:0at enough to ~oner i tse~f' . by pl f.ct ng ~t i ,,« head, in the ~a:v of ~ :11 l ower . the r ou.:.. lench:r o'f mts op .1.n1ons , l~lll -'t.l:e re£tl exomplar of 1 ts u~•mhood. Yon con:hi!le JT!01'A of 1rnth t han any othor wan . Your opin..i.orn; wero never so icteal , au.,l co lti s t cnt fr on pr actica l life, f.!~ !lot to bo carm,b le ,of u~i on ?i th ~ t; aru1 1. by hravoi y a.cceptinf; the au.ty uni ting t ~om arnf 1t Jil e l .i per1tou:1 . t!rrte-$ and v1..ac~s , lour l ife b enarae the tL.pr ess urn of. what th6 .. Jr::ir1cr:1.u p o-pJ o s life 1.ad. to l:-ecome lrn f oro slavo:c.·y oonld bt.: on(l<;.l,_ and t lw unitJ of the -.u t i o n fully es t r~blishod . I t ,rr.ns tl1Gr c rore fit , a ccor di r.r· to th.r: dr t"!\atie uni ties , thr.:ii .,Jou , tho mnbot'..i mou'L of Lhe c ont&si , shouict i-~ve dvliverad ihe final b lcm t.<2 t~e. i.;ifi ni t e wror)f" of nl av~_ry., cTLC "tJl ~.cf'd the e;lor ious ct0wn of por 1ect liberty u po n i l1c heacl 01 t.no 1~a t1on. Bu t vre ntur.t be cont ent . ~t aad i nc i n the r1s i ne; dawn of t he new day, your s hadow will fall ahcrtd of t he march of the :t>eopl e for thou~ ands of year s, pointing out to them the true WeRt , wh1ther-- --- 11The s t a r of empit e wends it s way .'' �- 581. I shall soon hu~t my guiet . 5T ave and go to sl eep t here , i n conf .. dent.:a tl:st vou v1 1ll ~3t1ll 1-;.vc afoi ma:i."cl'. O.J , tho 1n,d.c1" ::tJ, Ll tho a:iwo_plnr of n.1 1 trnei men arnl n~.t ions . I .8-m ~1~,.d ycur \!Ol'k iG t.lres;int, t ,· r~ c1o~G; ,•.Hrt d,11-.ut n.r: t that it mlehL ado'rit for m0tto 11l1in.is ..._.. oprn~ . * J.t VJas once~ wi sh to ]10 v0 gi.r.,e ~.r": 1 t he t itu3 of tlPw ·:;i.th ·Jon--f - ~~: /\- - · · -- -- .. And qo on to t ~10 tlnd . d1rnt and s ilc?1co - ''r\rrhilo a.l JJ}t\ tl c 3t r oum of ti~a thy na::-jtJ, ~ ::r.nd.o~ _:f.l1as 1 and ~thel" s all t ts f.a1n~ ,i,';,7 s h<J.11 my l1tt-lo oarq·J.o :it tond,?n t sa~i. .F'u rsu.e the 'trimnpt. 2.mi. -par take thlj ~t·ale . r; 1 1 .But my thoughts are hu.mi)lo 110w I and I a c cept i :i' ;Sinp;i n~ br caib or o:;ho ln.--; ctio-r.(1 To ffva r::1 h idd en pang wan r,.iveni •.::iat on,1lcss melod icm ~Yore. .rnrod ! lu1 ~Rd ;,.s earth, c;1H sweet as h ea ven ! 11 It nay b0 t hat t }1e:re is lip:ht on tho othor side for me . a.ncl I humbly l10n0 ; and then in t·iia.t licht. wit}, von > I rnr.y ce:\so 1:o rP.l'r et t he L"J.i lur0 01 iifG h o.re . · .. I am, whother i.n }10po or dfl~jpJ.il", nlilt0 D.:n~l al'.7:..~:; ~ -,·t.m r fi:•iend, JOHN ',; . GvFD~J~ . Gen. ,I • 4~(, • Vn11ly , . 'h'1 f'.,{} t'.:].11, Ky . ti J:iy noble .E:ri micl would 'L>ottor am1ly 00nm of tho phi lo sophi<.: roasoni.ag b e s tovred u1,on l.!le tv kis o·.m case ; fo~· he 1 as nohi,,vod , in despi ta of unworthy ti v.:1ls ele Vf t tad. t o tenr_()or aty hono1· , a noble character and patriotio service. earned l aur ols. Lot h i m r eut upon his ovm well- Natur o :ior ::eity a;-.;gtegateo its favorn. '1hon let us be con t ent . P r7 (1 .I 1,. ~r . - •......,,11.~, roic1il\· • Extracts f:c oru t1e .1fa.sh11ill0 ( ~1 cnn . ) Amer ica.n, 1881 . 0n l ea.vine for .j(➔ err:::oba f J:r t110 suxmner, w-horo ho '7ill. 1n·osecute t b.e ·,•rnrk of 3rra'!1r,1ne a nd FtLak1n.~ ,m the Vftlnablc mat er 1al h.c bas 0 :n. at collcct~d Col . .\' 'rcrr ell l cn t t he Amor iCi,t office all i"!lt erw at:5ti:r:E, r eiic of t bo gro:1 t :-iJ.::?.very-!1t rnt;P'l G, ·dFd.cJ. r:1c:1.1 r be ca.lled the fir r:t eun of Lhe ·.1a:t. I t ii, a nnul l .G1eco o f brass"' art i llery w~ich was loaned by Col . rter r~ll t o ~1r-tj . .J. E. SanndoTf? 1 of. tb i ~ connt ty, for c xhibi tion. a t the Oente1nni a l e:.clli b i t . 'I}rn hist ory of tho p i e ce i nvolvtw the h i nt orJ o~ a l o,ttd inc ~ctor in t11.o rr0a t drama. in which "1Le ~oction~ weri:: i :ufl e.med to s trife . It TiiiS in 18 115 that Oassius ~~ . C] ay waD engfitorred in the nubl 1c:.-1t ion cf. t~~ IJ'rao \roer i can at J..ex i Jlf'ton, Ky . wlieri a br i r f cai to:ria l, not writteu by Lir . Cl ay apr,earnc1 in the paper , and g·a ve deEm of f ense to the J)oople of tex1ngton{ be i ng r ee;a1~0eJd UH j ncend i ari i~ charac ter . A l argo me,st i ~ of :}1e. best cntl ~enr wae. hoJ.di .~nd 1t was r o::;o1ved t hat Mr. Olay a P~.i.Jer co};ld .q.ot l o.oe;·,.1~ bo pul1 t shqd :i n . thP.~t ~n t;y . '.lo 1?eet that t nr ent, 11-r . Cl ay ha,.i cas t 1n C1nc1nna t1 , bv tho ce l 1"3hr g 1.,ed oollm~Jrnr, i:} . ~.· . Co ffin , t:10 piecei:i of fir&i artiller y of \.he very b0st metal, in tho cororn~i ti :m of whioh was about 'b.•ro hundred do11n,r s' 1 �- 51.,....()<") worth of si~_vc-r. 'i11w::io ~ie Lll)n::i.t erl i ·1 , 1 r <.1ff1\!'"!. bo 1.rin.g <Vi the entr snoe to ~ 21nir af <loublo d.oi:rn 1 rihich :1ad. 1>0011 arranf;c cl with c1 e;.1r.i11, sc, a s to op 0n cJ 1.l:: ~o ~ eort.~.i.!'.!. tid1L . --;,. ·iu.i!'~ 1..::.ii s i..e hRd <ffi li:--, t cr! (2.!Jo";,'.; ) ~~ do zon l>old :ne.1. The ::.♦ c.:-; o f !lis u:.rraugemonts ',vur<~ ~hti.rJ..;1..cr 1s t 1c v.l t. 18 t <1esper .!tG ,0\1r·10·0 r . Jlny 11u:::: 'iJ.ways dis1,~e.y8d . J~ prcp3.1•ed for the Ort(:a!,e of _hi~. fore~ ·,1,e:n.~ tne 01f ice shou J_d 110-.,o r.10 ,1.:> lo i~c ·r t,,rub le; . . .. ,o. IJ l.wed ,➔, !~f-'f; o 1 ~mm.cc }JO that h o coul i 0:1.c.Ll:f t o,..icn it off , i n ton.linr , a~ 300 n a n hu; :Zoroo had fH1 ~ \t)Ol·,, aHll t'J1J rov.1 l had 1;(i.H1 i .i.l lcd OJ t no nob, to 010~1 11 1, the office. hi!-, en ornieG aJiu. hil.1solf - - to nari3h, l i ke · ,arrpnon, i n tho rui.;is . 1J o 1,1D.n h&.s tH'fft d ouh t oll 1.ki.t he 7lvu1.J. 'tmv~:. -.! '.ll'Y i od out his ·;r orrn;ime ; 'hnt , fort-...ma.tel·r, tb.c oxci temont of tho ')r epur"at1ons, ~n11 L:10 wa.i Lint; fen~ 1.hd att.--10~ . tn·ou.P.':1t vn or ;:d n-fe~·ei: a rni. ihe offj_ce w':'n na.1.co~ully TmTJovod., -;rhil e w.1.s . unconsoious, t o_ 0 incim1ati, v:nor 1 l ho m11 l 1ca: 10n Has 1·0 !:.fll.r-c,l !.f tcT his r J COYery. '.·no two b ent1 t iful f,icco:1 cf :>ortillery 1·enrd.ned in h i :=1 possession unt i l a. t erv Y,~&-1'8 :..l~O , _ ! hou one o:f t no1°: \1{1f., p:co~en tE.u r;:y i.1i1r, Lo ~-ih friond. , ,ol . 1. G. _er:re 11. Ul' . (a:'3.y ' t:t lif ~ 1...1 Kont-u c ];v h:1.;:; lrnrn 0no of ~i np1 lr~r ?..1 1.ventur e .~n d interes't. ~fo }01il3·h t of the ;)Br i.o of chi~a l r y ·ever main ta ined hi"' ho11or wi t h more t.le➔ ttrtmiiictl 0ou'r ag0 th~!l ho his' opi..ni:;n~. He '7r!!~ r i c~1. a man of i i r.c 4ppo ~rdnco and noble pi-eE:011ce, guie t, unassuml.ne ~ and courtoou ri i r'J hi 3 boar inr;, -1, td only t'10 te:,r J" 1l1le ;rhen ~n4ors0a . . . . _He wa~ neve~ an \~91i tionist~ a.n<l s~mply maintai ned t.l1e !e.ary 0la._y 1 J.c:'.J. 01 ~lrn 1rrn;~l)(J.:.LonGy 3.llc.1 i ull 1 c,: slavery, on a.c:~on n.t at it~ e f fec t on tho wh1ic :~an and the ins ti tut ions of the rood.e1l R0p11bJlc: . ile ·,1,1rsu.oc1 hi-1 om T'/ R,J , , 1iL 11a,,1 over entaru·•ling ,:nNoe . lf :i. t -h '"11e ,.l3 n,t"'t 1. c ~ or• '1 . was t . cancnoa ·19 ' t e f or 1,.1e ...,a £! t· . . . . . ,r..e Governo·r of Rentu0h.-:z, rnH-kinG h i. r -~·1v a,~'1 nr:-,cd i..o t'hp toe th , an,l at ' t he neri l of h is life, bnt was never seriously ~olested . . . . • One cf ~1 :- - due l •i \'1 ,• ~ '7i th ::-:ohe:r f, r, j ckli.ffn. Al11ert ~/d.'1.ey Johns to n was a second i n thi ~ affair . . . . . nsueh i s 1 bti.ef 9ke teh of 1 ,,1.,~11 · 1110 ' 'l;\S 1)1(• l a.;,6_iilf~ A.Ct o r i n a f:te et draniF. In t be gr e ~to~t part o f the drama, the ,.J>reparaL ion of f:,e tr .~. iu ·th.i(·h l C; l t o -~h, <lonoi.1.c:mt1a.t.:---th~1 Jonf lict ox \,::i".L:iionG--te v_ras a chi ef actor; a.n.<1 , as ffi..ni r:tcr to l1ussia~ when we cons ider the cr e_J t _l>:£rt ]lU~Sit. 2l ~voJ i 11. Ot;.t' Gt!'Uf;,7lt.i ]1e Ji.l more, r.,e:· 1..... .1S ,_ than v.ny gerwrc1.l j n tb'.' field i n t r:o w3r 1tse f . 11incc his i etnrn rr om ]uss 1'·i, ha :-~ .~ rnrided on hI ~ )at ouu:l :.!l!n ,s in !hcJ i_so-r. County Konincky- -e. ~~J.d , outqFoke;i '.'emocr at; ~.nd. i t i t 2. si11£u.l a r f act that he rrns cor.1rnll ed. a f~w ye~ :- ,:;inco, L(· 'trill o .1t"l c :f the LH!11 he hel:ved to CH!J.hnci2ate ~ in dr.f c.nse of hi:J own life . He i f; now a hale f1nelooki ::\: 1• ;u1 o.f s evcntv . r eq JtWt<:<l by a ... l ·..~,e st ...,h o <H1C!:. Lr.1(: hi3 oplniong i.n :leta::.3t ntior. , g-,infr.l and kind, tl!l<t tho vcr :[ soul of court csy ;--cH .... po r-:•r;J O,,lr J, ,.., rc1c, r d t:,,~ L:!'-£ut·~.r:J r::.m· ~l 0I :1Jct o" t ho pol lcy he hi::-:.s n<l.voc~t ecl t o P. ~UCLes,iful insuo , an<l i11dulging i n no c0n:irPcnt.,1-. 11onso-,1.ic ,>;)uut 1: t rfit'l~ ~,}1h~1. 11.-,pL)G-rH.cl t o "h, t11c object of his cqr o. He l abor~ antl votes for T.1omocr~~ t ic i<l0as of govern-:i~mt.;_ •:..yl in,1u1.~or~ i n no frJ _T~ t n ovc~ t te splc~dL.:. u.:rcJr te held i n ln s .r~-'~uc1.;1 a;td p ~re'! D.'>!P;J to ~')ursuc his couv~Gt 1(?n5 . rn tu) 11 0.JH r. 01 .~. ,,1:i.:n, 1ley or ., 'Juolt 1.J_:-· l i f e ,:•r"\1,.l,..~ lie a. -romance, 771 :tout pl ct vr ueo{l of. on~.,el.U.sJ-il!:6nt . . . . . Tt 1s t ho singular f s.te OJ~ r:~·..:.h ';"lJU tc bo ObHcnred i n t~Jt:IJ.L OW:t t.i11c :)j L}1c Grants and .,he~· ...1.u.J.10 ' ° f. ...,J .,.vrrT....v ,-v_ ~ l n. a l etter to ~he ,...di t or 1 ~ite .e{3ti nato1 was ex::_Jres seu by Hon. ~ior:. :-- . 10•. 110?", lb.ion 1)'3 t1a to~ \ l .IGt>-r1·1 1 f:rc;ll le.nnos:iee . e...Tl olec·ant ard :~ccompli shed s ~,holar, :;..n.1J 0 1!0 0.1· ~ ~<: ~::ovo:r: j:o:mblicwi Bona~ors wbc vo ted. :lf~~-: n~t lrrn 1m!,f..~tihJt,011t o1 ;·1'f.J S llle11t .To}'n;~on ;- ho 1 1 L ... • if; · 0 nJ rr1, J.r ...'1Tr,j { • Pnr is Kv ., ~ Anril '2/7, 1887. COivlPLI!JI1~N1i1 TO GEN . CLAY . - 'J.1lie..-iollowing. ~xtract from a private l e t ter from ex-Sena tor Fov, l"'.: , of. 'l's1massee , has bo0n handed. to the Kentuckian-Citizen: · ._ ' .., , 11 M:r . Cl ay nros t be a strong man to make s1.1ch a canvass . He is cor- �he a. Ri ilO rid ·y r n l1 &· , .Tar • t 13'7 et t1rn licy f o·nrt House J eseut �- 004i ntolerable of all knowu despotisms , and a fore ign prince shal l conti.nne to lrnld t1~c ..)l:wo 01 t•tt ·l ck- -a t born i" t 1 ~ n.ulc of ~,po ..1epublic, Gener a l Grant ·.1ouh be forever hel u respoun1blc . For run part h e should rt1:1l hy tl1.e i"r~rtuiple~ of }1in life, and nov-o;- ro<;t c o\1t ont while t here wan a :Jl::ive in the "m;ton1 tt01:d3pho r o. :Io ltr . ~ nay, hacl advooato<l. ;ir . Li ncoln ' : -:, wocl tH:i~ t ion of rr1:1.ncio'it 1on 1 of <}opt ot1bor 2::.: 1 1862 , an a v:ar measure but ho had ov(n' ]1e l <.1 tha i when the robell 1on ,·ms put r1o,·m the f',t:,to~ m1rvivocl--thRt if one rn-~n Yomained t r uo and loyal to t ho mion, 111., \7a$ t'1e ~;t~te; b·ut noi theT hist ory nor event s oould "co bnck' u 1)on theMseJ van; a'lcl 110 acGcpte<.l arhl would ,lefcnd. tho sotilm-;ont 01 th(. ruostions of slavery aJlu. the constitut i onn.l amo11dmc11tn :rn l i.nal. i:hl t tl10 P.1. tmnrt, • h:v j ll[;eniou•;ly contr i vod laws ,:uiu rni li t3ry Ior0c, to cont.rol l,he f:i.·co and indopc1tdont s.ntion of tl~o 'ta.t or; ·ms contr ary tC1 the ,·-enin'1 of iLc :';a,,._on r'l.Co, tho ;,rinc i 11l nn of .. ,O.J}ubl iuJ.nisr.1 m~u. tlle (~oustitttticn of t ho ua.ti on . ., --=...,,,. ,...,_,... -~........,_.• ..,_.,,.., ~.. .....,;..... "}assius n . :as.y .la::\ -~ contr.:d f i 6 uro, ct 6 L1r.t 1 11 r.iol~h1g vublic sentiment ; the v~lia.nt . lmi ght \7ho -~~yo c oui:af;'f) to 0hase , \. [ Tmew J:li1n b ofor o he u,tcroc.. .t..mbl1c J.1f0 , 1 L1u.u.11igs , ,.adc,, ...i'.lll nll or the Ohi o l eader s . \lro, C1.1el) <1mith , ..!TI'.'1 Owen 1,ovoj oy n.nc1 hjr, 1n:otiior , -:1i th hundr eds vf v Urnr pror-;tun';i vc ~1intl., t: u t rnuvccl t~.c ccono:.nic .:J.UCi a<l.minir.:tra t j VC1 af f.'.li r s of thom, day~. " (i'roT? ot ter of ~ . :: . Po~eroy: Joh L'llbr:.n, : . 1 J ,t . l'.- , 19Jri, io t'w ulitor . H) . ' (~1,-) \'!ho burn .powd.er r.wcl mako n noiso; but ftr . :;1ay was tllc 1.:otc .i.JOi LHt. ,.l, tor .1.,vr .., l,r 2.J1t r,. tl, · ,~1u r,LH 1;oultt hav\i boon babies. r>ucn 11ien as t!r . Cl ay s t and out i n thoir mm f11ll ntd.ture in nftor - times for stwcct,Jin,-~ [_1;,,ncration:1 , 'll e11 C1.x1.nlottcc nobodies ar e onlv a:, noverH of mon, an piecor; on a bo11r d . Ho could throw 1.\'.'W.y hono ...- J..Ut t-v..!V.iei.ion'z r,....~ci • -U :.,t.ru~; Jo lL~o d. s_;Lwt ~~,.1 i ns t t errible odds and -;,hon tho nor a an(l intc J.l ectual co1ul tc t v-,as ovor , arJ tJ r tcrri:t.'lc slrife, 0f ....1T~; c1lC1.<;.l , :.o coul(l Jt,.in ta~::c the 11inority side , .:.irn1 l abor fo r tho 1)emocr a tic theories of tho covernmcn t , '.71nch slaver y ..¥lu ..1c Jl'ovcntati l,ic .:iJ.•roc .. iilJL Deforo ; a.,10. Hl1e11 the errants and Sher mans f,ere .!21,e.mloni nr, their own convict i ono t h1:.t re- '.7ard n nir.;ht ~ollo:1 .~ith thci :itro_tfl rddo . . . . . ,c have been clad of the occas ion t o s poa k t hus of a mr.n whose devot i on t o pri11c ipl e dY;ro.rfs 11 t11e, l)YQno~.n ro'1 .1\b~ tr>n 1Jy 1.,011 v 1io c;oull~ mor e e,_sl l y bo11d toward narrow sel l -inter est . " 1 1 \Then I c11tc ...... ,~ ~, n 'ori0~r·.tic ~ ·rrrty 1u IJ7l , ::eut ucky boliove , tl·c 011J.y "01tthc,rn ~tato 1.. 1i.,"\.L Wt!!! , ''a. :cc.,1tn1ly 1bt i - 11c1;rt. .blican ~ so t hat I ha(t no 1:oJ.)C c,;: pur sonal clcvJ.tion . 1 :,-l!tLd wi i} t h~ sane The "l~u- ltlUA-}:l..:.1r,'' '.rc-ro in full 1,loon • .. i ~cm by ,.To1:.n :-· . Dn~ckhui1~-ec t110 holioc .:.>OT1.io,1 of 1.ho _)~1.rLy in 1:e11lu:1:y soon ..._,.ovo tL.e., 1 fro~, thnir l,'.,;;kc• ~1tlcri. · . 011.L}--';78 :· Gm1.;:!t10.1 o .l:· ,~u1dlL .t~.i·, ,: .1•eo11l.o f t 1 c , v1 r,10.1. sclu.,,~1- .l, 111t , i..t · ,1i··i: on, ... \) i;: t,' o •11 i1drea of t ho blackR . I a ided in the ostabli f"hment of the Kontu.cky Hist orical Socioty , and 1·n nNe~" t·i nt; t9. .ll c · re- proof room, a.nct. an aJ.);>J70pr i ~ti,tC i oc,:,o tion f rom tho 3·t a te . l -?ff \ · ,... �- 585."'.i .c. REYlARKS Of' GEN . C•M. CLAY . Citizens_,, nevor shall we believe, till e;>tpor ionce shall disprove our hope tna t t he r epr esentatives of our gallant St a t e will refuse our peti tion. Tie have seen most liber al sums g;ranted in perpetuation of the memory of somo of Kentuoky ' s honored sons. \': 111 thoy r efuse to all her children, of all times ancl a l l parti es , a ti the of what she has so generousl y be s towed upon a fow? Man lives not upon bread onl y--the mind., t he sentiments, as well as too body ,. must be fetl , or else we perish. I t was t he record of tbe heroes oi . Gr eece and of Bome 1n annals and song , and eloquent portra.yals,wh1ch \1ere the banners a.."1.d the battle ories that lecl them on to victory and the supremacy of the world. Not all the sta tues. the mausoleums , the Pantheons?. and t he Al ha.mbr as, have so fired the patriotic souls of a l l succeedi :ge generations a.s t he sublilne and iwnortal words: ' Go tell it at Lacedaemon that we di ed here in obedience to her laws. " All over the ear th , over all the seas of tirue:,. l ie the sad \7recks of huJ!ISn hopes-:-of "~ife, l i berty 1¥1d hap_pin~ss . ' Hi story alone re- . ma1ns--the light 1s notYext1ngu1shed,, 1t 1s on t he altar s of the f1r.eworshippers onlr that thi n inexti~1shablo flame burns on forever ! Le t us , Kentuc.k1ans , gat her up all our forces for the future . I t i s t he sp;rit of a p9ople which con ~ti~tes its vi ctorious power; whilst t hat lives, a nation oan novor di e. ,?~• '1 /_~"t...1-~,A ~ I..Af) 1 ftfJ.>-.td- I print t he follow ing f 1·om the Fr ankfort C0UHON+W'EALTH : Kfill'l'UCKY Hi ffi'ORICAL SOC IBTY . An e:pitome of the remar ks m..~de by Hon Cassiun rl. Clay before t he St a te lhst orical Society, at its l at e meeting , appear in t h is issue . 'l'he addr ess was impromptu, and Gen . Olay had no time to r educe it to writi~ before l eav1~ the c i~ . Ap ;>lieat i on wa s made to him by t he officers ofjtho Sooiety after he reached home , and t he brief outline which wo _publish t o-day has been furn!shed . It g ives us . pleasure to add 1t to the record of organ1zat1 on and to pr eserve it a s a n e!!)res~ion from one of the most distingui shed of the founder s of the Hi s torical Society: ADDRESS Ol.11 GFN. CASSIUS U CLAY DE111lrl1~;1) ICAL SOC IBTY ON Fl:BRUABY 11, 18'79 • nwom~THE KENTUCKY HI STOR- ..Man mey be considered i n three grand divisions--intellcct , or reason; sonti1!18n~, o~ moral~; and phy~iology. ~here have been many attempts to d1st1ngu1.sh man from the 1nfer1or e.n1JDal s , as by reason, speeoh , conscience.,~ otc. , a.11 of v,hich a re futile, for other animals ar e possessed of tne same f aculties, l imited only by degree . I do not propase now to discuss t hese propositi ons. 1 spoak from my own consciousness , experience1 and rea son . Thero are s ome things whi ch man does not sharo with tne i nferior animals-- t ho transmission of lmowledge, progression. The dog and the monkoy will warm by the fi re, but cannot rebuild it; tl10 bee, t ho most admirablo of al l animal s i n its constructive powers and intricate and successful seligovor nment , builds and governs now as from the earliest r ecords of men. There has beon no accumulation of ideas, no progress. ITith mB.n i t is diff erent. BeginnilliJ almost upon t ho l e vel of the lowest, he has ~scended above all anim~ied naturo, and by hi s CTeative powers and intellectual ac,nunulation, aspires to associa te with the god~This Hi s t orical Soc i e t y i e in the line of this thought and I cannot confine i t to the nar row limits of the distinguishod. e;entlemen who have so ably spoken . Hero should be gat hered the material not only for the history of our gallant St atei but of all St a tes~ not a.lone foT hi story, but for al l human know edge. I t should be the nucleus of a grand museum of li tera tu.re, natura l his tory, biology , and all the sciences. That ma.n who was a groa t a-r goner al than �- 586- Caesar or Napoleon Alexando:r, the Macedonian was justly termed the Great--not for whai1 he destroyed but for what1 ho built up for mankind . Aft er ho llad C0!1J.Uerea ail tbe nati ons access ible a.bout the Hedi t erranean, he found~ l exandria, at tho mouth of the great Nile, and in the cont er of the corumeroe of 'Eurono, Asia , and Africa . In the temple of Jupiter Serapis he united the gr and mythology of the Gr eeks with t he ancient and mystic theology of t gypt . · "A follower of the ' Di vine Pl ato , ' "~nd t he pupil of Aristotle , he was i mbued with that liberalism nevertheless which inspires a belio f in One Omnipotent God, etornal and omniscient; and t hat man and matter are ~overnad by i ndes tru~t~blo laws. lli s oon~~es ts bro~ht t he na t1ons and all tho r el1g1ons face to face. 'lhere ·were the Illonothe i s t s and Pantheists of t ho f ar East the Uythology of the Gr eeks , the Mysticism of t he Egyptians~ and t he Pa~i sm of the West ern worl d . Al l could not be true. ~ho age of f aith was about to give way to the ~e of reason. Aristotle was the father , though feebly developed, of t he inductive philosophy--the reasoning fr om indi v1dual f aots to gener al l aws --when truth was grea ter than specul at ion--a system which in Newton's Prine ~ and Bacon's Novum Or_ganUl took a more perfect form nnd openedup'tne creation to man -s contem:t>lat ion. The temple of .Jupi t~r Sin-api s was al so an observat9ry. Her e c.1. degr ee of the earth's c1rcumfor enoe was measurod, and its rotundi ty proven. As AlexH.nder advanced in cony_ues t ea s t ward h0 sent, t~ough hi s friend yall~sthenes t to the Imp~r ial City, whatever was curious and valuable 1n literature ~ nat ur al h i story , science, and the arts. In and about tho temple v,ero a ll the se and other treasur ~s stor ed . llere were botanical and zoological e;ar dens , and t he materi als for astronomy, natural his tory , bot any, mi neralogy, chemistry. mectioi ne, s1i.rgocy , etc . It was , i n fact a groat university of litera ture-- science t he arts, medicine , iaw, an<l theology--where the professor£'- lectured , and wer e paid by the i r followers . ~'his Al oxdr i an 'Historical Society' \'l as felt by tho who lo human r ace . It mai nt ai ned the God- giRen right of freedom oI tho-gght . It was the s torehouse of t he accumulation of the human mi nd and man's progTess. It~oponod the way for Chris tian civili zation1 for{; though the leading idea of our religion was not !mown to far an-ch. 1.u i y , it remained to Chri stianity to ouil d up tho subli me and God-li ke r rinciple: 'Love the Lord t hy God with all thy heart , and tey ne ighoor as thysoli'. t 0 No man hold::; mor e firmly than myself to t he right of reason at1d f r eedom of thought. Let t h0 truth s t and, 'tho!}gh t he heavens fall.' But I have no sympa thy ~1ith fl i Dpant attacks upon Chri stianity. Let it be denounce a by tho ne ·:rho c~.n nhorr a bet tor syr,tern, more in accor dance wi th the eternal moral l avrs , ancl not til l thom. "The se may seem to be fant asti c views of tl1e possi bilities of our Society. Every t hi~ has a begirming. We ru~ve in our St ate all t he el ements of grea tness. 1 her 0 i s no limi tt to thA achievements of those who daringly aspire . '1>ea th i s t he great evil of our de stiny; here is the basis of all tragedy; the central point of al l religions. Benign nature gives compensations for the inevitabl e oven on this side oi a future 1 exi s t ence . We live in our children as the ~ontinuation of ourselves. We would be immortal in the memory of our fe l low-men. Some make self t he circle of al l thought; othor n expand it to t he fami ly, to the counti, to the St ate, to all the St ates of this great Union . No man goes i ar ther t han I in devotion to our nobl e St ate. Have I not given proof on the battlefi old; in self- sacrifice with surroundings more terrible than bayonet s anu cannon-balls? Yet :rey aspirations ar o not for State or Nation only but for all the Nat'ions. Knowle~e i s the basi s of al l ci~ilization. As the common law of our inheritance secures p~rson.an~ property. and fread?m to oi.rrs~lves, so let . un do our J?art i n bu1.l d.1~ up a 11.ko comm:un.1 ty o:f nations . Le t this be our aspiration, the highest t h.fit i nspireo humanity that brings us in neare r3t approach to God. " J �- 587In thoso times I did much to repoal the lavm o:f t ho old slavesys tem, which were i n confl i c t ffi th the amendments of the new Uni on. 1 r spent days in the Legi slature i .n this hard but at l ast successful t ask. I res i sted wi th de termined effort the trend of the Democr atic l eadot s to viol a te the publ ic faith , and r epudiat.e the national debt by an i rredeemable paper-curr ency . The Legi sl a ture invited mo t o address them on tho currency l1uestion . 'Bot h Houses heard me. I :refer my reader s to t he subjoined paper in expl ana tion of my views upon that question, because it i s briet, alt hough my speooh befor e the Legislature was fully r epor t ed, and v1as widely circul a ted: (From the Now York Agricul tural Review,1884) TID: 11 SILv!i.B DOLLAR. IS IT HO:NES'l' AND, IF HOUEP'1 , IS IT EXPEDrlNT ?" Over the neme of tTohn A. Grier is thi s caption in the }'ebruary ( ~883) numb~r of the C~n_tm M~z~n~.· . Hi s pfiper poss~sne~ the highest l og1e--exha.ust1ve- st atomen·; admits all real obJoctions , and yet establishe s its premises upon truths which no sophis try cr-m o-ver throw or o1,scure . In :mainta ining tho affirma tion of hi A problem ho has crowdod int o the smallest s~ace about all that need be said in f avor of t h e bi met al lic money oI the Nati on. Noth i ng t hat fih' . n oraoe 'ithi t e has mentioned in °commont" needR refutation. The ctuerulous tone of his cr i tioism confesses in advance hi~. defeat; out thin sophistry i ~ not wor thy of the considera t ion of the philo- sophical searcher aft er truth . Indeed, hi s epithets and ":.impotent conclusions'' exci te r ather sympathf t 1ian i ndignation; for the success of the silver pol icy, in f>pito of ~he for obod1I?,gs , in preventing thrca tened r el)ttdi at 1on, bankru1;>tcy , aad. revoluti on, pl aoes i ts opponents in the unhi;ippy po8it1on of maint aini ng any cla.im t o pattiot1sm only b:y admit t i ng thoir t12nt of fl tatesmanshi p. But the s ilver question i n not by any mea.ru:1 settled; nor can i t be, ~pon any unchangi ng basis ; although idl tho pr i ncipl es of xli our fut ur e action are thus set fort h as l andmar ks for b.U gu.i danee . What I pr opose, then~ i g to popular i ze theso d. i ot a , and t o bri ng them more r eadily una.er t he 1nt0llectual grasp of the vote:rA of the Republic. . Gold end sil ver have boon adopted by mankind as •'money" - a merlium of exchange; first, because of their univer sal desirability, or val¥e ; second.., becctu~e t hey are best su i t ed, by theji ,1ualities , for coinage . Snould, 1n the fut ure other. subst ance$ be f ound b~tter sui t ed to these pur poses, golJ and sil ver would be abandoned, a.nd the new sub~tancos u secl. as money . Of all the c1lrn.li ties whi ch const i t u te th~ value of eo+d and ~il ver I gover nments hav~ not g iven, and oa:n n9t give , one 9u~l 1 t y or 1ngred1ent of value h ne1~her l ustre , nor cohesion, nor duct1l 1ty and all that . If all 1.110 government s of the world wer e t o demoneti ze , without other substitut es , those met als , t heir whol e i nt r i nsi c value ,woul d remain, and they ,vould ent er int o the commer cial excl1angos all the same • So t hat it may be ·s ai d t ha t none but God can rna.k0 a dollar. All that government s can do i s t o count , wei gh, end s t runp the amount of pur e met al in o~r t ai n named co ins--a s dol lars , pounds ster l i ng .a- , and r ubl es; and there t hoir power s iar all purposes of t rade cease. Mo: .ey nas �- 588- functions which belogg to the organi zed society which names and stamps it for purpoE'!ses of taxat1on 1 and all that; but we do not propose to treat of that branch of ~he subject here. In pr imi tive society wo may well be content with one sunst anco for monay ; but as tho articles of comerce and t he activity of trade grow , other facilities of exchange become imperative . Gold , well fitted for l ar ge sums and coin~ must , on account of its e.;reat value , be supplemented with s ilver ror small er ones: And, gold and silver becoming too bulky ~ oxpensi va, ancl dangerous for l arger and distant exchanges paper cv1ucnces of coin, deposited i n ono pl ace, are cheaply and economically and safely used i nst ead . But all paper so used, whet~~ payable to order or bearer,. is admicsibl e and valuable a~ money onl:y as it the roprtrnent ati ve 0 1 r eal coi n at once accesible on demand. So far , then,;, from .,going back to a single metal as a medium of exchange, we roora aad~011e need t wo metals than in any for mer time i n: history . Instead of our following Germany , England, and pther nation: tlemonet i zing silvor , t.hey will i n the future surely :follow us i n t he use of metallic money . The shock which the commercial prosperi ty of these two nations has received, and which the Unitod ~t ates has escaped , i s • I think, owing mostly to their unwise di suse of silver as money . AS the value of gold and silver is reg11l a ted in gTeatest measure by the l aws of suppl y and dema.nd 1 they must fluctuate i n real and r elat i vo val u0 towara oach othor . All t hat covernments can <lo is to observe and mo1 dify t his l ast relat i on as mueb)as may be consistent TTith economy and the obligations of contrac t s ; first by enlar ging tho usos oI t he weaker metal, and t hat failing , by t .h e increase of t he weight of the metal i n t he dollar . ,_......::::!Aii.,~::,...". 1 · - - then l aY. down the following doduc t i on~: No~ "greenbacks ,• and other }Japer promines to pay , assuming t he name oi "money; not . repre sr;onting actual coin, oa.n hon- ~i~;.: -..: <-- ,_..,__~.:;.- ne used as ~uch . 3. !11 additions to or subtractions from the metals of t he dol lar , with a view s ingly to ogual ize· the rela tivc val ue of a l>imete.1lic money,are honest and admiss ible. 4 .' All such add.i tions and subtractions , made with purpose of enhancing or doprecia t ing i he value of the same for debt- paying purpose R · are a fraud . b. It is ea~ier to pr ovent the fluctuations of the value of t wo met al s than one : f/hen t here i s but ono , i in fluctuat i on depen~ng on tho . cmnrncrciP.il demand only t,be povernmen~ i ~ :powerless to 1nr1uencc 1t;but_., when there are {wo m0t t-tls l their .JOlnt use better guard~ against tno de:Qreciat i on or approc i a t ion of l')othi by maintai n.1ng the eauilibr ium of tho rela t i ve val uof; ; t here is a egit irnatc • check upon sud.den chR.nr;er: , f or the coi n of the ,'!Orld conAt i t11t {rn one of the great est domantln for t hene me t a l s , and the e:ffe<:t i n aptl ly compared to t he more equal mot-ion of a carr iage drawn by t wo horses over that dra,vn by bnt ono. 6} Great per s onal aml real est a t e 6 i ve indi vicluals and go ve:rnm.entn credit , but credi t i t one thing and "money" (fuite anothor t hine; nevertheless , a certa i n amount of credi t facil i t a t es all mone t ary movement , ancl may bo cnll od the necessary oil obviating the fr i ct ion i n all such ovoat s . '7 . The gold and s ilver i n iho Unit ed St a tes ' Treasury though inert , and for tho t iroc ununc , are t)J no means a los s t o t h,e people, -orovi~ed t hey come there.by lo~i-timate savings , and not by oner ous t axation or 1ntorc?t-nay11).g deot . It wold _bc well al~ays t~ keep a. r easonable surplus ut the treasury to sust ain the public er ~._, dit t o s teady the ax~hanges , an~ give fir mness and confid~nce ~o t rade and al l productive 1ndustr1es . Such want of reserved cap1tal , td>o , often produces panics and disturbances of business a t a thou- estly and successfully sand-fold more loss t han t he intereRt of the money in reserve . �- fi89- It i s t ho l)ett in~t dolTk'lf;Oe"n,ery and sh~llowest state'Rma.nshtp wh i~h woul d savo a " m1sc.n·ablo -oepper- co:rn t.o t he t roarmry, ti wlnlst mill i on~ a-re thuc lost for tI1a W'1.nt of secure and :pr och1et:ive indus tries 3 . And l ast ., but not J.oe.st , 1 such a.cmrmul at od golcl a.ml sil ver i n th.a treasur y are ~, a~odi ent ' aa a set t lomr.nt of the grea t 4110s• t i on now pr1 ess1ng t o t he J.r.ont : How shall our '{)aper cur rency bo nupnl ied·? ' A t roa~ur y note 11av,ible t o bearor , 1ssued only upon the actual co in i n sacred reser ve , seen1s to bo t he true solution of the JJrohl em. * My speoch was r eported in the Yeoman, aa r evised by myself~ and a copy hand.ed to t ho r o11orter of the Cour ier - Journal; but t he 'br illiant , erra t i<! , e.nd. comb1.rntible Wat t erson took no not.ico of thi s 6Teat evont i n my life , or of tho spoech . When Vor hees. of Indi ana , made his O Gr eenback 1' speech , however , ¥7a t t erson cormnended t he orafJ t or , though feebly differ ing a1)ont t hat issue . hacl not as yet -.. '- ' 1 soen t ho vrind 11 The progrensive adi to of public thoue;ht ! · · · · · · · · · l dissent from t he idea t ha t our bonds should not be held In old countries, wher e production has r eached its maximum, a l arge ior oign debt, espeoially f or unproduotive expenditures would be oppress ive, if not ruinous . B11t in our country, ful1 of undevelopeil r espurces~ capital borrm11od a t s01nethi ne like six per ab-road. ·centum per annum coul o. be empl oyed i n rol)~ductiye expenditur es for some aenturi~s , yo t perhaps with emi nent ~vant age t-0 o'tlr whol e , :peonl e . . ... "Ext ract from !Ji n.i s t ar Clay' s l ett er to Secr etary Seward of :Febr uar y , 1866, Di pl omat ic Cor r espondenc$) . R. �• �-5 XXVI . - of ssass dam. Butner.- A fr auduient s Peyton by Black ·evidentl); empl~yed by '' Ku- 1 WH ILST 1 was thus buil ing upthe Democrat ic Jarty they could not thi s forgive me for the evil I had done them. They could not exhibit this spirit to ard me, for I asked no office; but my friendship as fatal to al its recipients . I g" * Late inis or to Switzer and . n 1896, ho decline ~he mission to the Argentine Republic, and was one of the U~ited §'-'t s Com, . It'\ ">• , • , missioners to the Paris xposition in 1900. H. l~ K~ntucky 1egislature 1 in Madison, our native county. He had al ays e&fi a Republican, and the county was fa irly Republican . I told my Democr tic friends that I had done some service to the party and State, but ,anted no office myself (though some spoke of me for Vice -President of the party, which I encouraged as a compliment , though there seeme but little hope of success), but I desiied them to elect my son, as there were but a few Republi cans in the Legislature; t ha t excessive jorities ere no~desirable in a Republ ic, and that equal parties w, a roper check upon each other. These suggestions were treated with contempt and even indignation . The party as never before o much i1 I armsi i'hey said now was the time to crush out the Clays; t hat Brutu1 1.· had married a woman of fortune, and , i f once in the ascendency, could not b ca ily ous ted again. One man, with whom I was on the best of terms, said to me: "I will never vote for you, or your sons . " ca~se you took away from me my slaves , and '' Why ?': said I. " Be I will ne ver forgive you During the canvass pis tols were drawn upon my son ,who stood �-'!5911 his ground ii th here itary pluck ; f or hi s ancestor were roe o · cour g . _ few clays before t ho 0100 Nihilist s ,v s formed in Jrr'J nei qj}orhoo ; bl acks and li uor to en o , and then on both s i les ion a cam1 of t c ere intucod y m s · 1ardo by force, with a view to vote them in rnass against t he Republican c ndidate. Hearing of this , I, too 1 formed a camp, an f d th voters; and defied t he enemy to capture t hem . I se nt ord that we ( I) w re ''ready for t hem. 11 y elder son, Green Cl ay, had been a Union soldier; an, under mj old friend, Gen. James S. Jackson, acting as major i n the volunteer service, havi raised his portion of the re iment, lo ,t his health, He fought and was forced to resign. William Nelson, at the battle of as volunteer aid under Gen . ichmond, in Au st, 1862; but as no , liko myself, with the De .o oratic party. pany hilst in com- with Dr . Roberts, who as afterwards chosen to represent Madi- son in the Kentucky Legislature, and goins home with a voter, Adam Butner, a white native of th count~y, he was assaulted. to\-vard dark, on the Stri It was town turnp ike, wh re about t enty un- masked men followed them on horseback, fired upoh them with pistols, perfor ting only the clothes of Clay and Roberts, but lilling Butner, who fell dead from his horse. Re turning the fire with small pocket-pistols, Clay and Roberts put spnrs to the ir horses , and e soaped . li.y son reported the case to me, and I ad vised him to return to the same precinct next day , and defend the rights of himself and cis brother's friends to a free ballot, or die. he next day he armed himself end one of his tenants, James O'Donnell , a brave Irishman, turned to the ith shot-guns and pistols, and re- rocinct on the day of the election , arriving in Fox- tovm late i n he day, only in time to vote T ere wer e in my own precinct of Foxtovm but about a half dozen or so white voters; and with them I formed no combination, because I did not desire the to risk their lives in such cause through any agency of mine. I then marched the blacks from TirJ camp in columns of twos, �with a ll t he ar ms r ocka~.1ay . I coul d o1)tain from t hom, and a ll I had , i n my I stopped t he rocka\'?'ay a few hundred yar d~ from the polls, and , placing a guard over it, mar ched t.ho "bl acks t hroUf_;h an open f ieJ whi oh r oached the polls , which i.1ere held i n the ca ttle- sca le~ , t he wea t her b e ing \1ar m, so t hnt they coul d not bo easily jontled and thcj ranks b roken. I wont alono and a::,ked t he judges to let my men voto . "'h l l' S , aft er c onsultation , they au r -reed to do ; a.ml the l)l :wks bogan t o vote . Tho number joined to those who foll into line .:1t about sixty or eighty . t'he 1'1 oxto\·m v,erE As eonn as the voting beGan , the loader of Democr a ts walked in b ot weon me and. t he judges of t he elec t ion; and l ooki ng me s t or nl y i n t he f ~ce , sa i d : Thi s was t he mossage camp ; and ''fi e a.r e ready for you . ·• I had sent a fow days before to tho Nihi lists ' I we l l unders t ood what it meant. a row would defeat My men were voting , and my purpose; a nd so , u ith e,.-eat self- c ommand , I affoc tecl not to undor nt and wha t was s a i d , and made a pleasant reply . Thufl the olect ion wont off peaceably , u.nd no lives vrnro lost. The vote was close • . Brutus was , i n my opin i on , and t hat of all our f r i nnds , elected by t he legal votes , but count ed out by impo1 tecl ropeater s , who , in Richmond esrJec.i..a.lly, wwer e shWleful ly voted agai nst a ll protest . The par ty of Dem.ocr Rts was ahout t hree hundr et str ong in my pr ecinct-almos t all whites ; ancl ~~hot--5'11.nn and other we, pons were stored , ,is I aften1ard l earned, in the houses over looking t he polls , roady to be usctl ar;alnst me . '?ho few whi t o Repnblicans of the precina t were ad vined by fr iencle ~nd relatives not to a ttend the elGct ion, as th ey would h o killed; and my 1ou.i.svi ll6 speech , in August , ras,1,. , I \'?'as told , a s I srdcl i n t hat t he word went round ; " Mo\.1 we he,ve e;ot old Cash; God drunn him. " Of cour se , there was no inques t hel tl over t he defad martyr , .Adam Butner; no indictment maclo by t ho gra:p.djur y , and no publication of these events i n t he coun t y Democr a tic paper s . Was not t he oommo1 �- law of t l e " 8olid d0 e t -!l,"l Wh'1 , h +h " C ut h i) . ~h 11%no., b dea h ,J - but oarried ont? Ila 1 ot 11 t l o bl ck~? 1 1/.6 d my familJ s roe OU} ' "011' H r:;g<") 11 t h 11 ";( •. otl cri e ' 0 "} 0 ·y oro 1, 11ho a~ • eyt on, f roo bG or0 onor . . 0 l ~k t born pi-h.1e of 1•.c lJ.6 , ,. ud full-blood s ne~rl1 e was in I over but e of i. 0 finco spo ,i o:f trace of q ·t bloo . He s very stort , active , ad o a cloar he -r ; 0 bei a good shot u ith shot- from , uasia , and '1hils from i c~in 1 t <l Peyton as i my e )loy, whe r ilc ftom to t e fe nco l in ,s ~ f · stcn R ne n ·g1t , ~ft r my r tu . ir-- L 1 . flhi to Iln.11 , P . O_, at roy g. te , side ·,er l .v i ~~, t I o }o o y dw 11 · ,, on locl , orstis , b c o r ider:: t oy soe ,10 · to ba froro t irty t o s · xty in n ) r . 'l;he ;,raat hor was ,v r , i lu s tars r;, 'Ve ~ 01 e light . I 1ss i· my lm,. an . i c ot coun1 d C"1 them; !LOX' mor s id. I ra;:;ke any eff ort to i dentify ho:rscn o:r e·1uip,· g • did he 1) nd of .. a i $on, '.1· . ~hou . oig1t te , a J1 ay fi va Th loc~ ·e(I :i. ~, ,. t , t JO fl l man in t he ya:ru of te K .1 uc ty J, r . voper' · s ,illi@ ,'i ilkcr 0 who had ( ft~nd~d e at Portor, ' j e~ t f i $; mo e ont ,; s icle ·lv t 0 0 I, , t , · nd to ''hn\ l or.e '' o. P r , :ii co . 01 o':'fh• t i oln ted , mru1· of ·my fr ie ds b ; i\ ticc o i ve , - :iill ; ::'ayette ' I 4 • e ., ., ro t ur 1 bhe 1 he · ~ or e child!' ,11--in t il s f rom my hou.,,e , o an who kille 0ountv-t ., B rong , .Tess ro il n d fi ve pe r onR--mon , wonmn , an bout , from their . trc Lm:m1 (. , I was le :t l iJ t 10 war or ot .e - ct tH1. J ft or .w ilo , or , m-1i ual . eat nn l.t; the , ec i n _ro; t of 1 y lib ar y w.iso , and ramo vo,: ·nto otho r I ,e o t 11i O"W, o ,y I pie as f ol loun: ,, , 1 l ·,; . lay : --Tom eyton i n very obnoxions to un . a.o- in~t you ; but you k ill u . ist n ml hi f7ay f r m yo1r OU t ohh e .a. t Li o; l{ 1/'l l1 • " l U - H.. or a , ill h l �-594- Thi s was to me a very grave problem to solve. If I resisted , t he odds were fearfull y against me . If I sent Tom, my faithful servant , avray t o deat h , 1 vrould shrink i n d ishonor fr om an ob vious duty--that of uef ondinr, ihe r i 6hts of a fell ow- citizen, and my ownu I sent f or 'fom , r ead to him t he lette1· , and then handed it to him to read. When he had read it , he ponder ed awhile; t hen, s t anding er ect , as I would i mugino Bed Cl oud , he said , with great sens ibility , but firmness: " Mars . Cash, I have done nothing to bo killed for . n I replied: " Uhat will you do: stancl , or run for it?" He said: "If you will defend me , I will stand . ' I then told him : 11 I don't know that I shall be able to save you , or even.,,n¥self; but , .sincf}.·ou have the gf/~1:1:,1/~ ~ - , c-nv. I AY, _ bea.rt t o defen4_your s elf , I will s'fand' .ruJ y ~ to tt·le eathr~ 11 ~a ~ :tr, <llw f:f.. ~ , . r,,,t ~ tr.A,a1v.,,,-;.,..,\ it" ~ ~~ (U/Mwr. Now, rff house is a fort ; with even two d termined meri well a~ ar med , as we were , it woul d be very difficult for any number of f oes Arld t he bandit t i knew ver y well that if they attemp- to de stroy us . ted it , more than one of them would t h, ref fall dead i n his boots . f:o Tom was not t hen disturbed . A~the electio~, in 1875, Tom was at the head of the bl ack voter s , and the enemies of the "Sacred ballot" were defeated i n t he ir criminal pur poses . ~o, after awhilu , Tom ~as at a picnic at Need.more, a sett lement of bl acks a fe•,1 miles from mo , ·1her e hundr eds of men and wome11 were enjoying t hemselves . the Club , \7n S He , being one of the officer s of se t upon by throe blacks , and stabbed t o tleath . He was borne to a cabin near, and :1ent word t o me at once to come and see ~ , h im . . When I went, the house ·was full of blacks,men and women . Tom \¥..,, was ~ great pain. He had been stabbed in hhe left side and back, and the bowwls were protr uding . but I knew it w;,. s all over wit h him; I sent for a phys ic i an at once , to give hmm all the comfort po~ s ible . I then said to him : '' Tell me all about t his affair . ., He said that he Wa s drinki ng ~ little , but ·sober; that two meh unknown �( - 595 to hi.!.'1 raised a quarrel vri t h him, and , thouch ho had no arm!? whatever Bob 1.:hi to , ano t her black, hold h.im .i:rom be1 incl , bot}J a!1ns , nrhilst t ~e other two s t abbed hi m. Before he mat e this stt~i croent , }1owever , ho . , said some of his enemies ·.vere present . 'l'hen ~ I ordered the houso c loare,l ,illd sent homo for a j11& of ;;mter , th~lt he mir;}1t not be }JOinoII ned ; and lo f t him under the Iai thful cnre o:f knom:1 fr i ends . 'fhese blacks cornmi t ted mur o.or in the prescnco of hunc.lr eds of TTi tncsses , whi tc and blahk; and yot they 'rnre clear ed by t he communi,t y I holievc t he mur derers wore hired, o·r bulldo7ed , or both; and t ha t Tom met t he fate whch l ong ago see::ncct inevit.ablo . :But my r eaders must judt;e . In neit her of the se doethB ci.id s e the mon wece dead , and I ooul d not restore t hem. . t of those yf,._ho he ld the t 1men c ould I assi st t ho prosecution, hecau- s·,1or d of The public sen- . t.1co b 01ne; . ~ me , wh.s. t JUS ar;a1· Sit.."'n.>t. I do but follow a l i ke fa te? Co , also , f all my two noxt. friend::;: Har11er ancl Graham Bo~•µ"'. ancl their two uncles--thelr fathers' brot her s--by the hands of uneq-ua.J. 0 foes . Har per Il~ lin and his kindred were gallant mon; but _in· aucceel,- i ng '?om as my foreman , he entered i nto the " j aws of deat h ! " A more fould murder was novor por potr ated t han hi f: ' t aking off . " And wheri his youngest brother t ook his plac e as my f irst man- - when the same pm! ty who had killeti h i s f amlly, 1>ont on the com1llet ion of their vondet ta sonr;ht his life -- I advtse:d him to defond h i mself at all hazar ds . And wheJ1 he wa s t hroat enecl \7i th deat h , arnl pursued by t vrn of t ho part he turned and shot oae of t nem doad . .Par this , without a fair trial , he vms Rehtenccd to t he peni te11t iar y of the Gt ate fo r li fe ! deserve s :punis1unent , t hc a tlo I; f or If he I advis ed his course , and was th approver of it before and after t he ~ct , a nu am a par iiuops ur imini~ . But the Ni hilists r ul e, and tho Republicans of the South have no right s , and wo rmu:it submi t to i nevitabl e fa te . �•·9b. . - D"' \l'hen Heal and othe:t·e r aJ)fHl 11 mnnier m1 , a.--1d l 1urntid the t wo gi r ls a t. .r.shltu1d , ;,. ~:ier all t ho l a.\1yor r, anrl the for c e of t l10 f>tate wcrG employeli on 'lhoir Ri de , i t wa~ t h:ree yoar n b~i or-ri thn laHt 0110 vao Bnt C:m.te1·s ( Eli ) Bowl in , t7ithout hung. :l l tw,ynr i n t h .Le , withou t h i s wi tnasse s , ·1i tiwut .~ tlofur:rc cl t r i al t o r;et then,, w i. ti,ou i ar1, apr,ara to tbo Supr,()ma Court.- y,l))t but a youth and an hm.torable- nan, standing in aolf- ,lofcnse-- is sen,~ to the Penitentiary for life ? low ! it was his orimo to be nw t'r iencl ! Poor fel- Suoh is the despotism of tho 11Lost Cause. 1' My son , (hreen Clay , was born December 30 , 183?. l ar ge in ai~e, but ,1ell••formed am He was not ttt1so1.1lar, with a fine classic head I sent hil11 to t he ordimtty schools, and finally to Yale Coll~ge . lj:1le1~e l,eooming dlsconteutod, as moat boys ,1111 do -.,hon deprived of the usual indulgences o:f home, Mrs. Olay insisted upon h is returning home, and his devotion i~o a business oaroor. At laat l' oonse-n ted. but under protest. ,,.,. Re Joined ti» Union 1inny, lost his health, and was obliged to 1·e sign and retuirn to hitt farm . -~''' .At the batt.le of Biomnond, in ~ -2 , he was tlle ,rolunteer aiil of Gen. William lielson; and bore him off ),•: V the field when wounded., and throug}:l. the lines of Kirby Smith. in safety, into the county of cTessamine. / I finally got toge1;ber ten thousand dollars, in tne winter of 1856 - '7, f1om the wr~~~k of my fortune, and O'r gtmi ized a bank~ company at Cincinnati, when, by tho, retJ.u est of iny ne1>hew 'by marriage, a resident or that city, I loaned llitn these ten thousmul dollars for a few days, without seCtJ(l9 i ty. He put the mo-ney in his !)ooke t ~ and never 1;.)ttr.(tted :me one ct11nt of this lar-gu mun. ~]~t 'h:roke up the bank; but we paid all ou!l' debts. ruid the doposi tors -ioat ~othing. J!y long nogloct of busi ness ruul absence in the llexioan Wa r , and my expenditures in pQli tion, had ruinod a laru-e estate; and. aa s oon as our bank closed in Ci ncinnati, I was set u p on by a ll my cred 1to r 3 �I at on<:r put all my property i n for the equal benefit of all JOY ~'l. trust sal e , =-••it i-e- c:redi tors. out, and t un:i~d i ntc, the public highway. I was sold. Uy brother, Brutus J . Clay; my stepfather, Jept rh~b Dudl ey; my brotb~r-in-law, L':.a uison IJ . JotJJso11; a.ad rrr5 ·nephew, Sidney Olay; ai.d illft, aol (l the pr op- erty, a:nd asGume,1 all -g::y dobts; ~'l!d pl"inotpal and intereat--muoh of it 113uriou~--wi t11out oom1n~or:iso; 'Jas a, t laat pai d . 7hiey bo·w5ht, at tlle :niblio auct ion~ rr.y liie-ot3ta te i11 the twonty-two 1rundr9d a.ncl f i'fty a,a:ros a£ trns t - lmid, with t110 homestoad left me by my f a t har ; arnl a l l o;ved m13 t ho n so of 1t . r i.ually. I paid them off, also, ~r i nos.pal una. intoro st; in full.. fforac of those wbo tri ed to mtll'dor mo in v.1.i:1, n. t Po;dow:n , i n UJ.49 , :eoclv over t he, ooru1try in ffte~. t glee, spreading the good nows: •'Olay i s naw broke i wo :1 l'lll 110 troublod ,1i th h i m no rmre ! 1' One <.lay tho sanw 1)2<. rties, 1>ass ing my farm. f ount: tnE: wi t h ~ eont off, ".1 lt':'1 a f ·e•u 11:.ind~ , piukhie-; up atone s 14."0in ~" worn ' field, and loading t11e, om• ·t to pour th.:1n1 into th~ \'Jaat od plac;es. . ar::ainst suc11 1t mnn . ..\nd un1>0nc.li.ng :.1ill r ,·rent "m to lJay ey t1iey s aid it was no use t o con tend so turned out. t·J1t1'. a,-i Then it �zi XJ'VlI . rmcn .lr ~ l .1Rf'J ~~ l.a.1 hatl bcm; l it H pl i:,}a nm r.c t t locl dorm for 1L'e , loft ontiroly o.lonc i n a liir~o honne , ~hi.oh tnc<Wc tiorn c loom:r. During• 1.ho tlny 111.y i~ol,\tion 1 :.1 ttr.ndod to 1ay fPrM 1 H0':7 rotliMod, 1,y t ho <livir.ion t o nrJ children, to tr..roe hm1drod and nixty At;roa . 0 0 Eoni den a l lirsc t?o~nte in foo f' !-m~lo, h1s father Jwul d eviatld to Oas~ius :t Clny a l.1 fe er.tn~e l.:.~ :~Jout o'."J!.iu oorr-H'I oi +nnd , ! ,lt!llHUng p ," horno~turict . ln.It376 ho <:onvc1oa. I~OO ucron to his f.l.lle 1.:luldr.en, r et ainin; ouly a HOl'JJ. n.,J.l un!\lU ty o 1 one ctollar 1>0-r aoro . nnd the tra.nt abOVt) munt toned . Hi ~ snr vi vii)€ oldhlron arc Ur $ . i1.~ry B. Cl ay , Urr.s . J1.'Jn~n Banne>t , !Jim: Laur ,z. Olay , r~rn . J:a1>n~y a1~on~lu-.~ and Brutus ,1. Clay. H. I oowecl i t all <lown i n blun- grat~, :znd timothy, _oxcopt enough for a l ar eo f al"den , in which I t1as al,1ayo i.1uuh int oroBt<,d. I bought ey lndi:m- oorn and -:,heat. and out mucl1 hay, s o no to requ i re t he lo~ot number oi ~or kmeu. I had t hirty acr os i n landae~pc- indood cy 'i-Vholo far 111 r.iir;ltt bo oo Cltllod- for I :roootv$d. 1m1<;li Woodland, rutd kapt t'he tTa.ss clqnr or woeda. I }ind n<m praot ioall y <.lr ii'tml out of .i}Oli tico , and dovotcd r;.,ioh of my tirno t o 1;·03di~:--montly r..n.oiont f':.nct. '.!lEtns i o~l l i t ern turo . Uy l ibrary, :for tho i ent ,was lar(se , and m,i,r acod i~o~t of t ho :Clr~t t r uad Pope ~o tho mor.t int 0l loctn~l poe t , an,l Burns aa tl1e t r uest to naT,'tU"C . I read Shsks:pear e f r om the ti tlowor ks o! all t imo . pa.r,e to tho end ; and fo1uld :t-11 thnt hP.d heen nai<! '1ru1 ~itton of 1, 11!1 ,1as none t oo nuoh i n hi~ prflhJe . I tllou1;1'1t nomG of hi~ pl~y$ , as Uidnur11mer-Ni ght.' s fuetUll, ,,er o so diffor cnt. from ffaoboth and Bi oh.~cl tho '1 hirtl that I coul d not beliove tlioy woro by the a1.t.t1e author , �r think t he drarnat i ~t 1011.n<l somo of tho~e pl ays in manuscr ipt . r o va.mpetl t hQm, aml i n i'tm ed i nto t hm.1 nomo of h i r. own goniu8 . Oertainl; no man bot tor 1a:idars t oodl bur'.all nature , or bntter s et it f orth in al}. its i ntricate Llove1opmont i n thOUf;]1t nnd notion, 'l..h:_l,.i.1 ;·Jmkfipeare . 00 tha t, if out of all 1:mthora but one m:rn to be reta i ried , vrj tl1 mo l. 1, .....J,,. n rn t . ·ou1 ,l b"" .... l1~~ti\.,.,,.; \/ J.1-~ U 1) v c_i,; V " I a ttompted fancw Lhlton and nunyan arn.l Gwodenborr,·, and f~ilecl to be intoreBted ln t h~Ill. 'lhe !)ible • ovon, as a work of po0t:ry and I rof or to theso bemm<•e ar t , i ~ infi,1ltely suporlot t.o thm11 all. t he ·:rnrld has held thel!l in hich f avor . I read t he I l i ad and t11e Odyssey throw;h tu the la:1t w<>rd . and cliffer nc;ain iith tl:te lea rnod~ for I greatly pre:i'.or t he Odyssey to the Illad-- the £irnt ha.vine mo- re 1noral texture ind mon, nat ur e , i llou~h I can not deny many brillit'l.nt a.r~d thrilling s~ene!"" i11 the of t 11e Iliad. Iliad zare for oHrn to rny taste . 'J:l\e ba ttles anu bla ~rnnry I (:nn. woll app1•eoiate t hat tlictmn of Ha.wthor-110, wh ich, it is said , he uttoretl on Gr ant ' B nomina tion: ' How £01: forty yoa:rg of bullet- Leads ! hifl tory., and rcacl for t h o finst t i r.10 tha t of 11 1 r evie,·1ocl m1u~J1 Jh 11lis<Hl , va t h 1,·1hom I ha<l corresponded i n ,lusaia. 'l'he modern oo iont i ~tf:1 , of c our(:1e , mU(!h i nt or ented Herbert !3poa.cor most plE1a.uod me . Dlti . ~f tlw .... o I do n ' t t h ink they have tlone any As a tl1eory of the croa1. ion. it , of oourr·,J t h ing to i njuro rolje;i on . touche~ , the subj ect of an In telligent antl Omn.ipotont God . But ab out this , ::1cloniifl t s t l:or.cclvtic differ-- tH ing Pant boint R, rn1ri fr tir!1lD , ~-enontict~, Tlloi. s t n. a..11cl : the i nt P. I t i 8 t ho p:\rt oi: sc.1ont irt: to ontab li nb f at: l s ; of 1.heolor;i ens to conntruct mo-r-t1l a . syH t. omH of i ~.i 1.h 0.1 ,., ~~hose provincc::'l are d i s t in<~t . anJ. thore i s aot in the na t ur(. of t hingB any co11fliot . It ip the· i :ml t oi the 'l'hois ts that they do not ::iee a.i.1d. rocognizt;~ fn~t s ot truths ; nnd t hey Yroullt do woll t o • rec onci le rolit;ion v,: th all truth. �-600I t i ~ a fal~u DSBU11C.l>tiot1 t.kit rl'lAn w~o ra~"'cclo fol" any pr:i.rti<ml tir rolit;ion . Of t his i ctoa of an a1)Jiract ny~tom, to whiah t.ho 1 lfe of r.ir.n r.1u0t ba conf or r.iod., 1;:omc:, of nocen$i ty pers:tJ:cutio.o.. Religion was mado , or 011;:ht to l>o r::mde iot 1enn., a:r,rl h i s happinnss . ',nd ell hunn.n 1mpryinN,r tt,!lt n u,·1on t h(} ctt3ran.1 1aH9-- morn.1 a..u1 1)hli1ioa.l . H}1.?..t oJ~~n b~ more ~11ourd t1~a·i tho O'l\.ari3ry i dr-t.$ of ph;i~i oal fl, p<:l"~vri.al '~o,H -- wi th mt?rllb<n.ts •1'hi<Sh cs.n never be of. a.ny tine , en(l ovon t ho ,"'O(,sar-- r,ion of 11~iG11 i 3 i~t n. l to nl.l 1: i H hlt110.r s tt:cihuton of 3onovoltnco tJil(l O~mipotenoo . ! ~ n<l . truth i ~, over· s afe , 8Jlel "tbove a ll , ;'m rruGt ever b<1ar h 1 rd ntl tl~~ t n{> error ci:n. por :11n.aontly ntand , or ad.J. to ✓ ackno:,1.odt~t\ to.ctn, and 'bullcl f~ith and no.nt i mont upon t1tcr.n,. a~ i:~r .von in;;ol'rioll , in 5 vnlga?" vmy , uovelopn ~otr.e truth ; but l1e need not bo ieared by any dofond·el' of a J1ii;J10r ~m r elir;:i.oltC life . Hl a tlrnor ion ai-o lo~~o,>hical urn1 offl'\nfliire . 110t new, end hia rnctho<lo ,u·e un•,l1i- Inr;or nol l nill be 1or ._;ott<u, ~~m.t rel it c,. will live !orovor . Tho cml t, ·r c:d, i nt (\lle-nt "t,. .1 , !..rul ~olf- p(' i nect tlo -.;e.ll in rstandint; uron t11e br..1(1 :ta0tA1 of 011-:r 1,oinc;. J1ut t he ma:ia (Jr riot p1'!y$ioa.1 . of n0<:eni.t y , but, Rn i dos-. of r ewti.r d.~ aml Iit\nkind have. Jnmishmnn t 1y otiJr nal li.1ws, n uming i.nto t 11c a.fi t r ...11 iu . or by th~ OtimiJ,ot cn.t Ono , ,1110 .:.~e~~ all ., nnd d i n_por.t.fi of ,:;.ll t hi1tf;B . Jo~e1Jh .~oc~os BucL1 ,. ,11 Hbould be na.med, :~11ol1{; t,he mo<lcrn s-<~ienti ~ts. X don ' t thinks i1ill la~t . rn<:11..t(tl'H tir.1e ·3 }ic;.VC O:C cou:rf~e, t ½ai ;rrouth of m1r dr..y$ be.s I:'l,\y {;'iven 1,ro<lqh~d 11nwll l i t,}r,-tur0 C, be t,n.id o! all afJ'69 . t, 'fho cownor e i o.1 gr vat i)r<>,tln-0.uu() to ne•1s- jo,,rnal~1, ·.111 itf �leave but l ittle time to nost reader s . f. o that the sensational aj;ylc has invaded all t he depa.rtrnent s of hum.an l!'tllture . ma oven deny tho exia te11cc of In li terat u:re • ~o- r'llakspeare , or t he idonti ty of h i n works . In thoolor;y , the u:i.ldest theories prevnll . So quack doc tor s of med,i oi no are ea~ily bee.ton by such men an and Barn .Tones . l3ooc·h er , Tal maee, In'.:'.;nr~ol Al l 1w.v«~ an oyo to the main chnnce, whether it be (lol la.rs or spurious f.mr..o . Gome deny God; and other }1 dres s Hio 1.1p in such t rappings of pornon and cha.r ant er and 1mrpose aa woul(l d.isi:raco tho mo11t ab joct id iot o:r heathen times . f· o poetry antl 1>:rosa ;;rem mor arti fiu i a.1, and , of co111rse, more tempor ary . The broad fiolds of rw.- turo and t he human mi nd are do~c rted for t rifl il1g ancl ·i.rn,otent npcei□ons of hot - house cnlti.rre . 'l'ho ~enny~ons A.nd Coleri<l(;O~ , with tho j ~ bAtra.c t idef\S and ha l~revo~1.lcd or,~curi tieri , Ylill be for go i ten. I ib old wimrn, t ho crustyarutid quaint bar nacled bottlof; a ttract , ln1t tho liquor i s tnstoloss . 8 10 I prefer Cervant es and F ielcUnr; and Gol~l- smi th, ,rbo follovr i n thio f ootstp!'-3 of na tnre, t o r--cot t, rri t h h .iB i:rnml)n~e spectRou l a·r clispl n.ys trncl irapossi bl e chi vnlr y . niokona the pr eeminence in t10J.ern fiction. Tlms I r;i vc Aft er all t he t alk n.'hon i Hatrthorne Rnd Bitlerson, :and all the· lfovr- :'.':ncl ancl school of m1tnal admirationiat~ , thore is ltar dly one that will live . s 91n poetry we have ~oms di Roor!Jleoi ed l yri c~ , like a few of J.i0ngfello~ 1 s antl O' Ha- r a ' s , which will last; v1hilnt mo~t of tho W1b:i. t i o11s a tt.emp t r. a t imr-io·1 / t ality nr o tut f it for t he wnstc-hasket . Our historie~ are 'but annalB; some of them l arco enough for a lifo- timo' Fr reading .. ,·;h.y preserve every 1.mcnsent1s l incident , who.r1 t he r;roat nuol othrn l t sclf i s not \/Or t h much considerat ion? A pai ni.c:1 might jus t as well set forth an anatomical gpocimcn, in~tead of t lic human f orm in all its beauty of 1)ody , ond cli vini ty of intellec t :,r1n_ �- 0 t I flO l :r ·n t r .1 . t rt, ~ ... (.i.1"b t 1 Ol n , ti n 10 f, ly 0 , VO H ·.:i. lo- '10 ~r· .. t. -- 0 [' 1 1 I,} 0 0 1.., ...,_, 11 I i J( - 1 (4 • i I C t .....10 f· l ra ,, a l • i • .t e i r 'I i t o· ro• r $ ~ti y ,J d b . .,L , n· .1:,u t . V nt r·c ' 11. r . L o. ch )hi<: , 1 lo l_ ' f i t" I .,,: • I • I. .,,, \ ' f li · l # • ..,w,.i , ; f th (_, cc ju l V V • t or .. th , ts ., V J , ,. • 0 pr :ia 0 th 1~ t e l 0 . t { " -- rta r oo:'" ..., ~ 11 . h t 10 ··1 er, ,. tr bo }o 0 .~r n t 01·t • ·rl '1 or set . .,] h il-- 1 t 00 I lO ' ·.e1 t s: • t, ,.k !ID fi!:t 0 i n • atur t i . l 0 1 ,, ;C, ooc arur · th l 1ir ·o fol n- l by hl. "t ' n 1• H .. in Jl ,yro , 111 . 01 11 b 11 a ,~.rl . th i 1 ,., ' ,., ity C a o~~ .l . h JJ' i o. ~ .I riv 0 ion, 1 • OJ ··l b r .. J t J1 ,O . h. n , ,r 1 rn • t} I o. f l C<!(H' ... i 1. . hf. 11 '"' l' , f' n 1 lil r- as i '51" • , p V v, 1 .., of 8 11 •\ ..,• l' u l S •.\J.1C .,,.. ~ 1.l.l t o.l_ Jll) .l.11,, , rove d the mute fishas --t he flor ho .lV _... • 1n J:10 o c; ' r • • the f 'l(t,. )ic on ,-j • n in I ;a a . ::- I Tl 4 , • ' f'l< .r .~l - fo na ; and , seeking near ,' . • f �- 60?,- oommunion wi t h a l l life, I nailed a crumb-box on the tree on my l ibr ary window , whcr o I fc1d. the birds winter and summer--onticing the wild r ed-birds by kindness, till those shyest of our songsters, gener a l ly r e tiring to r emote aDJa inacces s i b l e r e.vines mid bushy hills, came to be my ever y-day compani ons . 0 (Ex tract f r om l e t ter i n Jourier-Journal, 1883 ). I notice in· a New York Sun of ~ recent date a communica tion from 0 Gen . Ca~rnius IL Cl ay on the cau ses of floods. It br ought to mind a T~sit 1!18-de t o his homv, n1~~hm9nd, a year or mor e ago . r esides 1n a trrand ol d house"' · .. miles fr om the capital of where he is wedded t o h i s lior ar y and his f arm. I t se ems a pecul i ar that a man of h i s nati onal reputat i on could content with He. Mad1 son> l it tle himself "Tho world forGet t i~ By the world forgot . He has passed out of the active walks! is beyond even the reaoh of the news:_eaper persona l, aml his name 1s seldom hear&. Hi s log islati ve ser v1oe, his recora. i n the Mexican war , his long r esidenoe abroad a s Minister t o Russ:i a and his courageous and continued fight against a:}.~yf>r y se. em. t o ba.kve esc~ped the 11nnds of the :votlllf:e:r men wno ar e ! l.il1n g un the r an '"S . rtr. 0 l ay is par t i cularly 1'.lind ot y ow1g rnen. He has often sa i d so. I have a young- friend who corl"esponds with him regi:.l ~r l.y ti..nd his letters aro moa.ol s of neatness aJJ.d fatherly. interes t .. H[is ~ome i s the center of 400 acre s of the f i n est land 1n Kentuckv . He l s a .c;rea t l over of nat ur e i n all her moods . Her f reaks cT1allengi ng h'i ~ r~ednoss inter est him. Ile loves t he fr e.c country a i r , the sun and flky, ana. the trees a.nd flower s that bud and bloss om around him. There isn' t a forest tree or a s pecies of pl ant or f l oyrer t hat :you c an name tha t c an 't be found about his l ands and lawns . Landscape cardeni1:}g is 0110 of his r ecrea tions and he bas bea.ut ifieid the ground.s ac cord i ngly . Hi s house is "'f illed with choice boo ks, r ar e articles of virtu, Iine p i otures and. 1 ever y luxu~y. rhe fre e life has added vigor to his f r ame , about which the :fros t s of t~n1e ar ~ f a +l i ng so kind~y . In h i s younger days he was an athlete, and now 1n lu s seven ty- t hir d yoar t hP rna fl oi ve shou l de rs aricJ. power ful l i mbs give e vidence of i •t. Hi s hair and bear d are white , but h i s E~yes f 1ash out a bl ack defiance, and an ar filllllent will suffi ce t o 1~eki ndle al l th6ir ol d lights. Ther e i s no· latch stri~ Rt the Cl ay mansion. Tho door i s always open and t he hospit a l i ty dispensed within its rmlls would war m the cockles ~bout the har de·s t heart. ?Jt . Cla.y' 'S life i s thick with adventure. r 'l'he young giant a sked no quar ter, ...,___,. -r ..1 ., ll.non . H. Dut at nieht I was left all the more al one --till I often -opened wicle the shutters t hat tbe bc~ts shoulcl enter to pick the flies , as i s their wont , from the -rrall s; and the i r flnttering--life--life-- was a great pl easure to mo . So I sa t lone under the trees, looking at the moon and star s> and speculating upon tho ~Co~mos,_ and things beyond the scope of mortal intcl lect--seeing .that tlw finite can never �-60r/There , t<H>, I wa s b affled , like t!e.nf r ed, ca lling gra sp t ht'l i nfinite . for sym.ps.t by with the mute worlds in va il1 ! m«n •? Had I been worse than othej: And wa s t his the pu.TJ.i~hment of v iol.fl.t ed l aw ':' \In$ i t of (}od or I f of man , then "Vi 11 I c""nt ond wi th !nrot-- r wi l l 8.SP.e1 t nzy 4 eterr~~l tlaf ~nae ! a.n eternal war ! ir I , who hrul Ea<.n:if ie~(i all t o man, -vrn.s l>y mert l<<ft t o my"&lf al one. Ki ndr ~Al 1:,er e oo]<J., an.a. t;h ildr on inter e s t ed .ma.inly i n t lwir mm fa,mi.lie n! ln a d istant l and - - a t t )'tO ve'r ~r ar:rt i 1)od<,s--w1::rn one fl11ar k of eternal life , ~hi ch~ out of P.ll t he v-oioe l ons or ea t io.o.t spoke to ooul d well 111tders ta nd . l"flf:1 in wor d.9 which I Day' by day t hat ono image--that one voiee vihi eh for so h1aD.Y years in a str ang"e l and I hacl liHt onmi t () ari th e sv1eetes t mu~ sic--l!athar ecl int o mor e vivi dness, till i n 1,•1y dr.6ams r locks , and hoar d. the cnl l i ng f or rri0 of t he➔ f~~w tho implori ng l o~t one . In t ho gTca t ci ty of St . Pc t or!:;bur g, of · rio\-1 near a r11illi on of peo- ·ple--thnt city of isolat ion, infinite int:riguos , and silo:aoe---vras born, i n the year 1866 , a male ob.ild. To t he secr e t of nia par entage I am t he only l iving witnoss -- I who ha va, of a l.1. m'ln l ivi.!)f;, t he bes t reAson to know--and th.at secr ut wi 11 di o wjth me. So 1 sent f or my adopted ohild , br ought him into ibe oourts of Madi son eoun.ty, Ky . , by par m.i~s i on o:f hirJ n omi :ua l pa.ran-ts , asmuned his gu.a:ro.ianship ; and no l © oontr ol of him, and had his namo ehal1€,-ed t o the one b o now bears ~ and r ecord,ed. Gr oen lmew all t bo cir curaot anoes. Ae , af t er t he mob at Lexi ng t on~ I walked down t he streets wi th oalm indif· f er ence to my persecut or s t so her e , having made up my r.n.i nd a s to my highe st dut y , I oalmly shoul d.e r ed al l the r espons ibility of my a.otion . • . . . . . • . . • This boy was t hen. about f our year s old , we l l -formed , bt'ight, and athl etic, and full of hoa l t b and color as a judicious culturo could develop . Af t er I had joinecl t he Democra t ic Party, t he off ioa - seek~ng Republicans who, when danger hung: ov<u' on:t threa t ened oausa , kept s ilent and ou~ of dangar, now, when off ices were to be ha4 , went to the front--to �- 6o§:. me mostly unknown . They pe1~sncuted me '-'li th did. t he SlRve-l~ower. ~:g much violence They 1..~ught the f-reed.rnau t hst I ,!iS ever a traitor . ,, to my oYm 1 ife- c·a:i:.rne , an.d the1 wor st enemy of t he black raoe . to 1t-.-t1t l. \W.S _.... ~ / ; / 1: A ChBD . ........ 'Y, ,fo . a p~i:rt vi' the c.10101.~o tl po opls of tho city , beg l eave to ,;w :J.., make the f o11owiiig s tatement in ragard to au ai-tlclo ih ich appea.;ced i n ,;r t ho paper s to t he ' eifoct Lha.1; the col ol"cld people of this oity had in·vi ted Casei ns !1'i. CJ.av t o nddress thel'l on !Jorn.lay . t:e deny t he t any ~ttch invitation •;vas o~tan~~\:ll , and fcnt sn1'e that tho i nt oll igeI1t cla~ses wil\ not f.'O to hflar· huri . We make~ th1s s ta tement to set ow:0colvofi r ight be- fora t he peoplo . til J.1 , 11'- VA!'\ AH J, • .1:JV!.l',' U J , .,_.. LlA.l?l TI! . /!_tr I f...,1 * -r t -~-- ~_...,........,.~ UOTIOE.- Hon. Cassius M. Olay will (lnlivo1· an add.rG;ss to the ·c iti 2en~~ c .,r .100AN .. 1 6.A.U./..~~ 1 /Jf..( 4.IJ~,/4~,r h ·1\ ~,of Louts ville and Joffereon e:ounty on National politics a t tJ:le R~over ~" r Garden, on Monuay \ .July 2-~, J.872., a.t 3 p .!n. Ranoveir Oro·tlen l3 rul.Jacont .,.,. to Oave h ill Oem~'t.ery / <~ll<l itl aocossiblo bv two line s -0f s t'l'oot rail1·oado . Arrn.n.gernents b..avo beien made to make the occti...sio11 e pleasant OI\O, RUd all persouo ru:'0 hll'itod i,•ithont regard io party yalitiCz:L A bra5G band will l>e i n atta-nc1roioe te., onli von tfa)· ·neople t and a nal uto of thirtyeight gttns will be fir ed at ~) o relock p. m. • - - A.F OU.r?MJ: <' O' OJIUIU• '\, t,ee • l SAAO cw,1, n, J The old gener ation of 'blacks Jmew bG tter; and still had implicit confi- dence in my iideli t:v to 1ay pri noiplud and just ice . To these denuncia- tors one old- time black, M. C·--- , iu ~rankfoxt. said , \Tith groat com.on- senso: "You say tho qi:10st~ou is not what Cl ay once was, but what is he now ? Hell. 1m is now wha t he al 1vays was. .Another question is, uho was your best friend Wr\en you most needed f riom.ls ? I t was Cash . Clay. 1\hen ha risked his l i fe i n y<J~u· co:-aso many of t11ese men were joined \vitll our enemies t o dostroy him. tbe blacks. geth8r. 1 '- hero is uo use of talking about who freed Clay did mor e towa.rtls that ~than all of tb.eso here pttt to- He d i.d not a.id only i n cloinc all he could towards freeing us, lmt ruLdid....fr.eJLllS ?" Suah 31,g,nnont could not be an._c,r-Jer f:d; and a ll the more thoughtful !read.man romai nod '!!lY f:riemd3 . nut the yc,ungor set, who kn.ew little or nothi ng of m:, hist ory, ,;,ere m~ implacable 0ne1niss, and read,y to inj11re in person or proper ty. m♦, The Oonfede:rat a~ took my 11orses., but t he blacks, encouraged by t ho <mmity and a<lvioe of thG vthitea of both parties, \Vho hated and feared me, 1 have ever y r eason to believe , burne.d my large s tone �-Go&bar n , f 11 of 5·to.in, tl.uring thr1 ~ar; burne:1.-~ cy ln.. sineas off ioo, too old first res i dence of my f ath.ei~ ., rri th a l l ny l ot.tars? oxoopt e f ffr soat t oi-ed ones i. e. ot he:c plft.cecs , wi.'l'h ti~ll tht., bo L!ing an{~ other Il1.l"Y'.i t-ure o r~ot f ire rooms ; 'bln·n.ed rcy two t1.:u•riaa~e house~ tu';(l ~r.rtitti>-es , an,.l tri ed to a :3tona oo·tta~ by butni:rig itc '7inuow-sh'u.ttm~a . C::ho 11;i;.•tn in throo nf Green Olay~ alijo in1nr-; 1ay iann, ~,a~i a loo 1mtno1i , ,;, H,h $.11 its GOntouts . :o •.-;h~n., as fotmo:t ly, I by both. '.'q i)OO't '.{;~tnot one ~1rty , not·, 1 Wf. e oot upon r,t1)0d uhil d , Jiautoy, cra.z t ho no;: t pciut of attack. l 11.ad only black 01nploy6s ~ " r A'v ' 'filT t ,, , ...:-::: 1). . ~o,. I ' '"(V'\n tv .l.i t\.J,. A.tt.i ' L• .:i •l ,.,JI • C,. • -·~'- • ,, 0 011e ~t t '!1e 1Jigt;~-~ t fi·r.u<ll!.) of tho f..ay ls C'na~l"¼J : . a111y i tho ''lfophe'\'1 of his Unolo,'· who @ t up a uh0a[J roputatJ.on {.S a f iehtiru~ ftbo titionlet i n t i no Cif nehc,, , a;id th::.n want ti!:ok on h is r cc r,-ra , a nd how outse$ the North as r vuncl+Y as the m?s1; r-o<l-hot 12.."1roo9nntruo t ad rfoel o.ar fl . . H~ ~ macle a. t;--i-egt ~do a t 01 e tUR(l, over. tbe free i ng; of hls ~u.avas; 'but. a uou'tha:rn l a(ly, r.ho knowz al l the c iroUl'll$tances, s<"..ys thr,t all that WQre o:f any valuo liJi:rro fit :1 t stmt <.Joti.t h an.'1 oold e t .£?Od rmm.l JJr l<?en i and. onlJ a !ov, ~ld and deorep1cl ono~ wore EJ1et . free . •nu s wns a 1:.1~stot- r:troko <_>f policy i n t ·.10 , c.v~--,1. t o1,tcnnocl fot· lum r'.t~c~ c Dv0t ct:l :11o t or 1otv . ~J L -ral:t ovocl h 1111 of t h0ir c&re r:..1id t{iaintomr.illcc . :.trs . :.l i 2nb€ t h tlc... f ozia r oocl .of San l-·tt~HC:i bCO ~ ·~a.lifc.rr..ii1, the ".';'i f c o: ~ r.ft.7111 o.fi5GeY , 1·,dnnd in lsoui~vi llo. !'.!ay9 , i n t he l':0 1•1 Yoz•k Graphic .. t1!at HJ,:ong tho9a {~old. v10.p. t 1'te ol d nure-e wb, ~r.} 1r>li r:irr. ;-then a· ch~l tt , e.nJ w110 for. y 11ra J10 ,l,ryod 0n a r:1otJ1~r , end \!n1led her t,y t 11ot i12.mo •. ~J~is woman fe el :i.nt o t' .c f.tu~.t tu t he farin 1:, to i1bo!J. ·.te Lttvo r, iien ·cd a.,Ld Clav ' !: e:;.- ·,Jc.v-M~ ( i'J'~<' rent to thnt ne1r I:. ho.rhoo<.l , i ell conr iru -;-;h.'lt f..dS recm nta.te(!.. 1 !1ay e.t t.0InJ:1tfi :t t.lonia l but th'!1. TTood wmwe'l'f'1 hi z l◄o joifJLi1.or in a '7c~v t.1•::.t (jets t he, mutter ~l,t· ro~i. I t wi 11 be r omemboro\.l , parbcrps , th,.~~t 01"'y r.cc ,ntly i'1hc: t ~" no:lctc hl 1na.n d.eacl '7:h,:-n n.o ouo Gl~o i i"e:: ;,rc nc1t , ~,.,~ h1n ttr-}:uJ)"i1oriod Tio:rc t.riA. t. t :-o man f :ir s't a<l:Vf!r1cml on bim \ tt! !J 1;.<;1eopted by t he (~omw"tuu.r:.r whrn:-o 110 l .ivou w::. thout an i ni,os iir,e.ti ()n . H · , Od/J ' ae~, rs)'--(,,~ . Tho :.~1,ovc articlo 2't)pti1~::-o~l i ! t ho .,~ · Homo ,Tour:1nl of Uaroh 20t h ; a.t!.d 1 lOW';'Ti ,.,. t ho w;•.1:,.y S6.o:rU.iv !, t ~:o.t Gen. Cl ay ha 1o;..tl.1 .for the c: c~l-~e o." /reou.o~.,. ,:.t a ~_; r c -;;hen i t rem.:irfh.l nr,r,;e e..ni-l r oc:-c,lntton t o cidvocet o t 1iat i,muflc . rtad 1Jol levl.n..q- tlia.t l ho d1tit[r,O~ oonta i 11cd in the al'"ticl e 1 ·vore rL·· ,i, ,,., """'~ ·t,, :r l,.;,..,.... ~c•,.i tO ],.,'t+~ ....,. +-o 1·1•.,,l i.1 ,\.,.,,.u..., -..-,c~1 o~1·n:o, .. ...> ; v~.... '; -.! t t ... ,...oll .L ,.. l) f"I'\ l), ,;;.J~ .,...._,,_;: _ • .r \ • lr • r oply: .. ..... >J \.-:-- ' H \ 'Vt ~-.'1~1.t c l~tll~ I , ,~ M ' Gi l , 1w ,I, Ky . 9 :fo;:r--:h " dJ , ,. .t ' ....... J. ' . i (i I37C. 7ty ~a.1r qir:-- I roco.ivca. ~o. l~.y ymtfr l ~tt or ~:f the ~;5~th .inst., i1.1.clonir.ig n. rk~ur~ llo\m <;lip1ni f; 1r v,.1 i.he 110t1G ,Yonxnal , r:,. .tc;u .w· b~·sj: an£mcn."o,'l 1,y thH .tnolc~o~ lP-1.,tcr c,f t·1il'e fi~om t 1s Lnnl•Pri 11 c ( X.y . , 1.., ourier-Jonrnal . ~'li 1.h r,.p.n1·ct 1,0 the ot'i gL1a1 ci,J:inT:]:y o f the ' omo J ol.il'nel , ;·, i ll onl y r mio.r k t hat 1zy sont Lnun3y <a ny.r \"'c.'-r. pro~6nt A.t t ho ~boot i.nf ; ~.rul h i ~ 1~:;i ll jony:, n ..dor o•,.i h , t ..:ili.{in l h~,e.1.J bofo:ro th; r;n \nc. h,ry .. ·tho , tof:et her tri t h t he coroner r 8 jury , a04ui ~. 1,od mr, , i 11 '.J.t."!oor lance "~·fi tl. t he unaai1tom. \1{1ico o:t al l 1)~n· t1 "s lv r e , r.io f ar dS I l18vo ho·~rd . *ospeot full i your· friend , • . . !~. Ol2y . Col. J . r; . Ford , Lacon, I II . �-6D'fi AN OPlm L.~TT};R . Whito Hall, Ky., February 14, 1878 . To t ho l~di t or of the Nev, Yo,rk Graphi o-- Sir :-- Aft er I had. r epell ed maey cal umni as--had sil enced the bat t eries of the \1ily Sawar'd , t he stolid Grant, t ho immorta l F i sh, and " Bluff Bon . Hade , '' t he chiefs of t he Radical Pa rty, and had seen their disordered ranks r;o down, rnever again to rise-- I tl1o~ht to have some repose , and be allowod t o " h~ my arms u~on t he nall. ,. But , al a~ ! for human hopes ! Hore come1s from -the f ar ; aaific- - f r om t he l and of t he l ong- haired men and short-haired women;. from t he lancl of t he hooul ums , unsexod women \'Ii t h Hi ghlnnd. kilts and Turkish trowoers , wit)J,~ho househol d keys i n. their broechee1 pocke ts- - a nmv &l ad.ia tor, wh~~'1'iantly into t he sanded ring- - Eli 7E11be-th de Sozi a Woou! In the name of all tho gods a t onco "--good gr ae io1us ! ! . If you had pri:;itod t bor whol E: of my reJ)l y to t hi s infuri a t ed woman, i nst ead of suppressing the rnat or1al points , you would have spar ed your journul a corr ospondence i nL vw.i.cb t he public have but li ttlo inter est, and whi ch can not eleva te the~oral s of your11 readers. Le t us rocapi tulate. lle~o is a woman, or t he counterfeit present ment '' of a woman.of ,vbll?ID I have never hear d --of whom after dili~ nt i nqu i~y ) I nav~r hea,rd of any body that h~d ov-er hoe.I'd ; who was affeeted 1v1 tf:t a chronic 11 cl1sgunt O because Oa('.l~nua ll. Cl ay wa!-1 const antly commended as a philanthropist , for th9 appar ently one h1.1P1anitaT-ian Ha.a t of a long lifo in the ennnoipation of ta part of Jhi s Rl avos . • •••• "He did no such t hi n,:; On t he contrary , ho dod very JTlUOh as Massachuse tts ''d5.d when ~he f irs t embarke,~ in tho oresncipat io-1?, business--that i s , roce ~ " veddollar ror <l.ollnrdo f t he11r va l ue at t ho auct1 on- l)lock . " I nood not t ell ihe \10,r ld 1.-hat t his allegation against las sachusett 3 i. a s t ereot yped fal sehood , a r. ol d perhaps as ''De So;,1a " her self! The 0 sum of her charges against me nr e: I. That 1 !"{Old t e r,roiator por t ion of my al avos and then t urned emancipat ioni st ; 2. That I r eceived dollar for dollar of their valuo; 3 . 'fhat I sol d i llom a t t he auct ion- block; 4 . 'l'hat Jt ''her baby," .sol d my' ''old Jnarel!lY , " Rachael, i n LouiRi ana;· 5 . Tnaf I lied_ i o ~or, say~ng I ~1ould br 1nr, her back t o Korntucky; 6 . Tlmt 1f I ~ 1n d1d amancnpate my Rl aves in part , it waasthe only numunitar ian act of my l ife . 1 Now" Do So~da , " being a strong- mindecl, woman, ought to lmov, t hat i n courts of equity and oonrmon !{Gn~o , it devolves upon her, the accuser , t o prove thos e c'hargoR , whi uh , if t rue , oy.ght0 to subject me to t he noor1 of the American people. Yeit, in hor repl y , 'sbo oays with t he s.-a.iutJ of i njur od innoconce : ''I off'.er ao pr oof- beyoncl his s impi e wor d , w}nch · he must par do~e i f I can. not accept . Well, she adini t n t ha·t " I 1 ' 11 f1 she ) can 11e . '' I do not . 80 tha t would seom t o settle t he matter in my favor for over. &fBut who, by reasonl\f ac.b 1, can s llonce a woman? I pr onounce once more, t hen, all tha$e s i x c,h ar ges , singl y and colleoti vely, i alse and ca l umnious . I. I have never sold. a sl ave~ mine i n my life. The s l avoB s ol L °C \'lere Raohael and her ohildr en , 1 Emily d Solomon . · They were trust- sl aves-- the title be i !)g i n. mo onl y as trustee . I sol d t hem f or crime , as ,as direc~ed in suo):l caa.e . by my fa t hor 's wi 11 · and the proceeds \'Tore re-invest ed 1n l ands, 1n L0x11],gt ~ for t he benelit of those for whom t H "ces,tui qui_ trust •• was creat ed. 11,chael was en abort ionist , :Emil.J a murdere s s , and Solomon a. rogue . l Se& Doed i n Fayette Count y Oourt. ) �_..,. - l,Dt- 2. I never received a dollar for a sl ave of mine in my life. On the contrary, I liber ated all t:he sl aves I inherited from my fat her , and thirteen other s whom I bought to bring families together , or libera t ed# a t once--Dave '' Crews," husband of t r ust-s l ave Lucy ; Dani 11el and Fanny 1 "Shaar e~, " and child Minervai Lotty and Zilla '' Martin. '' Mammy ts son' paid par t of t he money f or Jim' s wi fe , Judi , to keep her i n t he no i ghborhood ; Laur a and ch i l d ; Daniel ' 1 Par ker ' and his two daugh t er s and grand- child . The buying and l i ber a t i ng of these sl aves hal f of whom never entered my service , cost me about t en thouRand doilar s . See r e recor ds in Fayette and Madi son Count y courts 1 and th e several bill s of libera t i on of these 8laves , not recorded but well known to all Central Kontucky. To nr ovent the s epar a t i on of Rachael ' s f amily , I gave Fr ank and J im and So1omon the cho ice of goi~ with their mother, or remai ning here wi t h me. Solomon chos e to with Eachael and Emily; and Fr ank and Jim " Cl ay II refused to follow t hem. Fr ank i s yet al ive, with hi s f amily, i n Bicbmond, and ever my f r i end . 3. It i s fal se t ha t t he t hr eo trus t - sl ave s wor e sold on t he " auction- block . " They were sent by a special fri end , J ames Neal with i nstruct ions to s ell t hem a.11 lor~e t her , and to t ell t he puchaser of the ir crimes . It was De Sozia 's aunt who patronized the nauctionblock,tl not I . 4. I never "nursed a slave;" and in no sense wa s Rachae 1 my ol4 manmiy." 5. This namby-pamby poodle-dog talk, put into t he mouths of Soutli:-. ern blacks, making them out to be as big 1d1ots as the narr ators~ is all humbug. If t he bl ack ( t hi;Jre~er, like women,) is in any tning equal to the white r ace, it is unfathomable cunning. Will any one b~lieve that the cr im!nal B:ac~el was brunboo zled 1 as claimed by the silly t ale of ''De Sozia , " that she went down to the South a s a decoyduck to get the children _so'ld, under the promise that I would br i ng hat back; and t hat , after bo1nff sold on the ''block '' taken down 11to the sea-coast, and held under t:he tender mer cies of a "De Sozi a, she still looked for me 0 her b:aby , 0 to come, or send after her ? Judging from "De Sozia' s letters, R:e.ohael vras the more sensible woman; and , from the mo tives and char a cters of these t wo, I beli eve that Rachael d id not, but that ''De Sozia'r' d id lie. 6. The world knows thi~t the libera tion of rrry sl aves was a small part of the sacrifices I ha 1v-e made in the course of f r e edom of the 0 blacks. What does this in:furia ted woman know of my life t ha 00 t she should venture to limit my 1llumani t ariani sm to this one a ct ? The money and l ands lo s t by me in friendly loans, securities and donations, with interos·t would not only run into thousands, but into hundr eds of thousands 10£ dollars . In ad.di tion to 12ri vato charities, and donations to chu;r:ches in m9n,and l and , the Ioundi~ of Berea College , and other sc:hoo ls·, I a id . the cause of' Ouba and of Hu~ary by money and speech. -- C., 1886 . Gener a l Clay inherited and set fr ee more than one hund:red slaves . ee note No.1, page 6,J.$.. H. 00 In the first letter she affacts the Southern lady by slandering the "Yankee~ ; '' _but, wh en I :pu~l off her mask 1 she se eks refuge under the cry of "ch ivalry, whic.h 1s ver.n sarcastic, no dou11t upon me , a Southerner. Chivalry has only t~ith equals; and , whiist gentlemen eve!y-wher e proteot the weak and unfortunate, cr iminals deservo onmy puh1sbment from every one. In that class I put "De Sozia.'' Therefore, I stood her in the stocks, and subieotea her to f l ~e l lation~ tha t she might be an ot erna1 caveat to all futura calumniators. DUt does she retract ? Does t:haf silence her ? Not a t all . Here she comes again, staggering int o the ar ena, ~ith taunting words: 11 �'' ain, com et me, Sun, come dry me; r.:,tand b ck, 1hi te man, Do n' t come nigh me!" Bu she ill-aonceals her wounds, and her sardonic smile sho s that henceforth, forever she will never be"am sed" at my name. ou, the inquisitor, I subject you to inquisition: I ask you hat is your age? · .re you uhito, black, or mi xed? Why were you isolated temporarily on those obscure coasts of Louisiana? Your family having but one slave , hX did they , in that one purchase achael, a notorious abortionist ? at 1s the cause of your "lovi '' s~pa thy with these er iminals '? Did you "aver nurse a. bl ack " f i;ot; ho 11 o you kno that I might have been very much bettor had ll) do so ? Can that be an excusable act in your aunt--buyi and selli aohael on the "auction-blook"--which you falsely i mput ·to e as a cri e, because she vrn.s ' i n no sense a pol itician II s your a\ t pµr cha.sed Ba.chael, and left olomon and Emily behind 1 rn.s she not gullt.y of separ at 1~ families, uhich I had ex an e4 thousands to prevent? If the world cares very little 11hether "ho (I) nursed a black" or not, why did you vonture to draw Il o from m obscu.ri ty to hold me up to scorn for 11 selling rcy old mammy " id you ever read of that--the meanest thing ever imouted to the Athenian r a.bble--the sending of ri stides into exile? Did ou hate me for the s er ason, or r eallyf yourself, for being in a chronic state of disgqst ?" · You a-ttack me , tr en, t o ventilate your oif hin:K ing tlmt 11 ver uoss ibly ' • ,1 y wo ld rospoml to my lt?tter . 11 i ndeed ! '1:he lepers , o.r.i van Irom con ·curse vi th 11e clean of t he world have a socie ty o t e selve s . To the all ppineso i not lost . ut for a woman affliote ,., ith uhronic " . sgnst , " alas , t here i no ft ture . You live by the ocean-- ry t ho ater cure--drown ourself . 1 4 C. • Olay. Gen . Cass i us L Ola:y' s letter to the l· er, York Gr aphic i n re iJonce tot e asper ions of ' Elizabeth,• e Soz ia food," concerning -the di po ·l t1on of· .h~ s slaves , eff-ectuall di spos es of li zabe th. -Frankfort ( Ky . J Yeoman , !878. They had all my keys , commanded all my stores o the moat -house and the pantry, as well as t he I did-- ine -cellar. e ere as one family . my bus iness , an i n my b ok . They ate and rank every thing t I as absorved i ~litical thoug t , in I paid no ttention to household- affains as long as things ~ere tolerable . But it turned out that every one was a traitor and my enemy . They not only usod whatever they deaittad, but pl undered me systematically, and divided y property among a large circle '. of fr ien sand ac uaintancos . Sar ah Vhite , my cook , and D vid , her husband , had t,o - elder live ons . The in inchester, the county- seat of Clarke. He had a marke twa on nd ,, 1hen it as filled , he went with it to Lexington, so l d out t �- 61,- and then returned and recr i to t his ventures . He e as kno n to known as a rogue. pasture of a neighbor, an sold Gither again sol iven a bullock from the ave to hid confederate("!, who killed and l as be f , or ate it. i oon be an to be e ould come to my hou o, to his mother , my cook, at n ight , load up, and be off again; and 1 was ignorant of his coming, or his going . Finding that some things ere not in pl ace, and 1st have been stolen, but knowiDf, the tendoncy of such eople to ,larcony , at it ; seeing t_at , like $On , Perry Hhite, wa a general loafer . horse and saddle , went ~ell - dre sed , and carried a Knowin his character, though often aske him. ut, as his parent s to my place . 1n O y flies, I would ore , from the new- comers, if he old were off . uff,r as muc , or The other sop's fox, . et upon y hn I tin e:c ere He rode a fine istol alrays . to do so, I over employ d ith me , I disliAed to forbid his co ine He would so etimes practico his pistol-shots at tre s y past~ure,IThich I forbade . o I put Launey , my son, was too young to t ake care of himself . him in charge of one of the servants , it. orders to obey her. He un erstood but li tle E lish , and had to l ear n to ape k it; and as taught his letters and r eading ostly by her . Of all men I am the least susp ·cious when my confidence is onc e a ined. 0 o I did not see what ,;1a going on all around me . Articles of hou~e-supplies, of table- linen , of bedding , and all that( , adually dis,.ppear ed . y clothing, books , and even my money was stclen. duplicate keys of my safe were t aken , and the cypher also . the silver of the safe was missi 0 • Then Isa The At lenglh all . In the meantime I found that Sar ah , my cook, church- ember as she was , was preavhing that the bla s being robbed by th0 master s , it /\ mattBred not hov, good they were, no occaoions , a.A I11atter of remuncrat1on! l!ll.r t hey ou0ht be phm ore on all , ith th · s sub .. ratun. of all crine. �- ll murder followed fa ~t in its ra _e . olor, hi~ vi vaoi ty Launey lost hi. hin appetite; often vomiting , be gr or7 li tlo~s , and clropr ed things frcm hif' 1 f-paral1zad hand • hiJ+L from all ills . I i. d ove.ry "'hing· I ould to e,iard I wa s told tha t 11e ate dirt, and desired always to return home to his ssian b 'rthplace . I e.ttri utc hin decline to the change of climate; and hope daily for a change . suffered him to be out of my sight . If d.irt I then never as the car;3'3, t. t would be seen; but , being with the nur se , t he same effects onm ed, nd no cha e for t . e be ter took pl qce . Thus fo~ years he was Joisoned by those fion ~, unt i l one day I erry 1, h ite , hroat0ning my lifo, be cause hired he co ceived that the nurso, to me for t ie year by her mothor , ould intorce tod a latter f ro marry him if she was removel from my e nplo. • ' Launey ha In 11 these years i1ho Ba!ne clothos w. ici ~ e had brougl . nevor gro n at a11: 1 from Russia , three years bofore, f itt.e him to an i nch . I t a ta a pe uliar flavor in the mi lk--vrn dran} JIDUch of i t--but s pposed it to ·be acqu i red by the herbat;e in well as blue -;rass, One morning to sleep apart , and t 10 park, full of ild s rub1)ery , as here the o ttle grazed . went into the bed- room of my son , as he had beg1.u1 ound him one . 1 here was left . the bod a lettnr wri ten in his hand tting , saying that he was ~oing to Russia, and bidding me farewell forever . 1he nurse , on bein oalled, sai that Launey had of en sa id of late t the as tired of stayin rith me, and \'Ua~ going to run away , and that he would mal·o his living by fishing; and some pieces of his fishi ng-ta ,kle wore found on the bed , I imme li ateJ.y called for every one to ,ioin the F:HHu·uh .· to all the pons, and caref lly ex~ ined them. I vrnnt myselt· I 1 ,nt to all the adjoinin: fields , and ex mined if any tracks had assed; but , fi di ng no trace, I returned home abo t noon , and found the boy standing be rido the ur. 0. I then tool him to my room . I h.acl wlipped him �_,.. - £Hit ( often s everely f or t(1lling: l ios-- in which he was encour agod--ancl no refor m resulted . But fj na.ing, as I sup1;osod 1 that I ha.d been t oo har sh , and had uselei::isly punisheu h.lm, I knelt down and t hanked God :for hi s return . I then r eisolved novor again to rrnnish him cor por ea.lRy, and I never did.. When the latter of Pe1rr y White wa~ 'discover ed , like a fl£.sb of lightning I sa~ the whole gTound of plunder and intendod murder. I kep t my own oounr"el. I me(de an elabor a te cxa:rnina t i on of ell my losses; and then sent for David \Thli te , and told him and wife t o l eave in · fi ft een mi nut es , i f they d.esired to live . Sar ah was 0 11 a run for Fo.x:town . ln less t han f ive minut es Dave asked to retiu·n next tlay :1nd get his hou~ehold furni t ure, v1hich leave I a-ranted . I had a.lr oad.y g iven Perry orders never t,o come upon my l and again , if h e val ued hi~ I had heard of his boasting that ha was •· noi afraid of Oa~h . l i fe . Cl ay~ 11 and I now told his fathor to tell him , if ho came on my la:1.d I 11ould kill hiln., and this1 his iathor admitted he told him . up the nurse and sent hel" off . I packet\ Then Launey, f or t h(j f irni, t ima , at my rc(1uest, told me all; how thu nurse had often baa ton h im and starved him 1 and put dirt L~to his bod and pockets, an1 thon nade me believe that i t ~ras himself; that the nnrsa had dictated t hfi lotter , ar1d threatened him with de a th if he did not jump out o:f t he window; that he had at times tol d mo truth abo1;.t the nur se 's rnaltr e.'.: .tment , and I \VOult not believe him. and that he feared to tell me th€} truth; that Sar ah wa.s in consp iracy ag'a inst him, and he 't7as in d.espair; that,on t he night of his disappear ance,( i t was warm weat her ,), he sat in th~ window of the third story~( counting tho bas ement , ) with his lugs ✓ over the sill, and , fearine to jump . a t l ast went to slGe1p , - tmcl thus fell upon the e;rass ; that , when the fir st stunning effect was O'ler , he got up , and fe ari11g to return , and findi ng h ilnself ablo to walk, he went to t ho sta.ble , ( s.bout two hundred anr.1 fifty y ards from t'he mansion, ),.,.and laid down in the hay , where Perry White found him. ( �( -6IS- No language coul d describe my anguish . I l ooked upon his sallow, shriveled face and parohed lips , ~hich I have for long yoars kir,sed every night-- go t hat no greater punishnmnt could be inflictod upon him than to refuse him t hi s truRt of love . All t he injur ies of a life-time loomed up befor e me in fear ful array-- the death of my sist er Anne ' s husband, a fine and gallant gentleman, killed by Mat tingl y, in Richmond, a few days after her marr iage; t ha death of my ela.or brot},ler , Si dney , killed with a des igned dose of laudanum by his physician; the deat h of my t wo infant child·r en , poisoned i n Lexington by their nurse , Emily, who, om trial, was acqui tted , in tho midnt of grateful enemi es, and who were base enough to insult me by i ns inuati ons; t he murderous assault • upon mysel f . and now, all that wa s l oft me , my irmocent 1>oy and only hope, was to be destroyed! �- 611/- 2t/f Cll<\:PT}~l ::xvr l l . 1/1 For awhi lo I was piflral 72od with despair . all thilli;s fo-r tho happi noio-o of roa,nkind . I he.d !Jacn:ificod l had nhocl nry blood f or the good of tooioty; but sooio•ty gavo me no r>'ro t ection. of a life- t.h10 roeltod vinc, aLl 'iho philanthoopy t bo dew before a su.mmcr' A min. Btornly resol-- I exclaim: I will c·ta.nd on tho eternal l tt\tS of sol f -defen.se of . '• u:c and rn1ne When I had mado th.i~ my resolve . I navor felt more oalm i n my .l arr:.od. t>1ysol f , ani:l never went out on thtl fana wi tllout life . r not another soul wi t h i n a and pi stol . TTo wer e milo of un . 'l'ho man -;1ho was wit h me lmd saddlocl my mule , o.nrt thon left tho place . U!J bc!1i11d n.OVI I mounted, !'16 , a1ono, Launoy amt sl~ot -vm ,,it:h rovol vor an(l Bowie- knife; and f,gJdnz Launey Ot; 1. O'Ht for. !Heodi10:re , ono ; nnd."ly . n1ol'ni.ne;, ~;here t ho black~ hcJ d moeting, to hunt ot1c:r serva.nto . I \7ill lot others toll t he t a.le of thill t r h{}ldy , omitt ill(; t 110 longer and Tnore 1d11 1 ~c ticcount sont from my hone r f t or t ho affeir t ·o ok pl aco to tlm by Col . Cotmmr cial o.i: r. in0lnnati Wm. G. Terrill., of Uewport. Y..ont1~cey 1 137'7: G l'.t'.l\ • ~ \1 ~ai-t icular s of th<? Ki lli11e of the Hegr o -Yerry rI11i t-0- T.~ 1.l'nirn~tion :"foivod a71d Bail Given. 1 Corrospondenco of t he Courier- .Journo.l . --- RiclW10Nl , KJ . , 01.:t . I , I07'7. -.\ ~ntlemrtn oi [tisti11o1ti nhed , nyo nat ional, r oputat l ou har; been cocpcllod. in de'fe:nne of h.tf) lifo na prouerty , to t!l ay , within tho vor y_ pr-0olnts,.oi Ais o·.-rrt homo . a.a im.em>cni oul..Ly ancl that bully a ne,~ o who hP-tl boen ie<l. an.d n.trrturod bv tl1e very hand t hat l a i d him in h i n ier avo . To unde,:ot aml 1,roperly thir... v.atter , it is ~oeo~sary to s t ate n fe;., faots not gono:r.-al1y knovm. �- 61-f- .For ~evor al t wnth$ Gem . CassiuH a. Clay has hatl in :1is cmplov t-l nogr o ' 70rt1.1.n ( 'lartih ) as cook . (hm . L!lav livoA alone , sev or al mi l on f r om t o\m, and no t nour e1· t h1_.i..n a mi1.e. to llbi neart~t rwiehbor . / hin no,:ro \VmtL1.11 r:.ad two 01... 1111.rr o son3--on ,~ , J?erry , t he uniortlinate victim 1rnr cin mentioned . Gen . Cl ay, i n consecuence of t110 impndctuo , th i every, etc ., o:f t hane negroos , '.7as compelled, i n solf- defe:nr.e , to d.iscl1ar s:;o the '"Tom.rut, s.~rr<l1 . She wa s i rapuaent and v , 1 vi olent , and thr oni onod hiro wi th the fact t th.ut nho had nonn a:uo. ot hot f r ionds who coul d and •·,.oul{l 11roteot 'h~r . Gen. Cl ay v,as even i rnforrnod by oth~r a nd reJ.inblo _?a.l:~tiefi that the ~sor om.ii d ::-1er ry ( ~1ar~J1 1 s s0n } had sai d that ho " \ras liLS good as ol cl Cas h . Clay , or any other whlto nm.n, and i f he11 fooled wi t h him a s ho di d with oth~r nc~.l."oes he woul d Kill him, or words of that imi,or t . Gen. Clay pai cl li t tle att~nti on to ~11of.1e thrca1~s, but ~ i ctly dischargod. ~1.d $Ont t1iig whole f am1ly irom bis pl aco . f,ome mon1.ns ago tlie nor;ro i°''erry , l eft t he count y ~nd dur i ng that t. ime -rr ot c several times {o t i R nothor . In t he ne· 1ot t era he di Gt inct l y ~iat ecl t hat ho '' di<l not car e for 'lash. ra ay , and 1i h~ ovnr got a 01:mco , he int ended t o kill him . Those let ter~ t he r,0no-ra l , by r.ooident iut er i.rnpt cd , and bucnme aware of t het e t reat s . Ho was , csonseqnont l y, f or,()~tar notl.._ and wa..s constantly on t 1~e l ookout . •rho ne~'.O T'e1'r y 1,:us for l11dden u on . Cl a;J.:' s place . ilo\Y ccwies the fingJ,f)_.._ Oni- entorday mor ning·, about II 0'0lbok , Gen. '!lay , mor;:nt .ed u;Jon 'hifi nm e. wi t h a. boy some t on y ear s ol d behind him, st ar t e<l out i n sear ch of a ,;ook his nor;Toes , thr otie'h t he per suan i on of t hese horit i l e~.., hav i,rw al i l e!t 1n m; and, \'lbon . appr onching his s tab le , &bout orie nunclr cd ·and f l f t y ye.rJ.s from his hom~e , he di scovcr cd oon~:oa.l ecl i n t he woods I Find. heh i nd. '.Jha t was np.l?ar ontly n l oos e horne ,, tho no6 ro Por ry . !Ji vi ning t ho 50oundrol r s 1 0 ob3cot, t ho Gener a l a t once clisn,otmt ed ; and with _ui s t ol in band , r api \llY a.dvanced on t he woul d- bo asf!a s s i n1 and . bo;,oro },e l!a.d t i me to _f 1re , or ~ven draw hit:1 . won.pon_., . co.afrorn.Gd hun ~aoo t o face at bu~ a f t;w feet ch stance cal l i ng 0 11 n 1m a t t he s ame t nue to '' Lol d up '· h i s hand~ , a l l of wf1ich t he sD,id Per'!"y oomplietl wi th i nr--ta.nt l y . No sooner , howevGr . natl thi ti ocurr ed , ana G~n . Cl ay commenced to qutrnt ion h iru nb<m t h i ~ ~~11.ts ~ of ~ i ewu1ce again:1t h1m.,, . a11d t o inquire why he had t hrea tened 1nm life , "nan Ilerry flpr ang i o t~H~ f oe t and a t t omi,t ed t o dr aw }1i R weaipont . tit 1.1:is ierr.onst ration Oen. Clay ! ired s trikr ng him i n the noo1c, i rnme::diately ~f ter :rn:rd n necond r.lio t , which pa~sed t hr 01lG1 \is hoaTt [..rd \d Oth•c;~d ins t ant lle,at b . ,on. r~I ay rode a t o,ac e \.O Fo:x.t ow-n , and. t 11cr e i nlormod Mr . Green S~ 1.mel~ of the affair; anld sent fC?r hi!3 5 0ut :taj or Gi:ot':ri Clay, with d1reci1 ons to e,;o a.t ouee and exruiune t 110 1,oa.y . ~lien ulaJOr....£ l ay arrived, about t hr ee- quarters of an honr ,: :., ftor t ho kill10«:,to~rro' R rf... f r .Lm.ds aul k i nsfolk a J.,.>ze.u or moro i n number , had a l roauy arr l vec; ~nd ~d pos~e ~si~n ot the, body ~ ~s no one ~,af~ -rr esont, ,. O~ .,f.jl'',Y wher {i 1n s1t)1t ., suvo 0en. Cl ay , the littl e boy. and L10 nor;r f~ , and as thoy aad no nc.mns of knowinr; of t)1e (n.;curr enco , unJ.e~s p r i v.y t11ere t o , 'i t i ;<I l}l t\L'i that thtlso poopltl were a par ty to the ·,vhol e affa i r and were, a t the t ime el t her ~,at e.b i ng, or were at lo.a.st within haili ~ di stru1oe . f uoh" in 1)l"i6f' , ~re tha r,ar ticul ar s of t hi s unfor t una te l affai r . Gen . vl ay c ame ~ at once to lliemaond and surren<leret1 him-' sel f to t ho propo:r a.nt bor•itica •. Ho 11as yestor (la:v, a t h i s o·/m r cquefii , pl aced under guard; and t hi . ., rmr nin;_; ap1,oared. i n" cour t , and having '.(\,Yaived an examinat ion, mis held 1.o ba il , and t hat hoh1g proopt l y 1 Gl Ven ho was rel oased. �To h i s nei ghbors, his f r iends , i ndeocl to any one porsonally aogua i nt ed 1~h Gen. Clay t it is u1U1ecossia.ry t o say 1i he t ho reg1:ets t be ~Q.P.Ss1fzy' of :h1s a~t1on ao much as any oru~ could: . H(! n<?ted tnroue;h ai1 11npor1it1 va 11eces:: : 1ty; anJ , ho\'?ever unfortunate cne a:trair , har; the symnatlly of all 4 good men in om· cowm.mitv. Tt is not }1ecefrna:ty to spoak of Gen. Clay ' s char ac t or at ilo1ne or hb:toa(l . He l!:! . ec. t oem9,l ancl !ov?d by h.i~. r.e:i.g1:foors, and respocted ove1·y- whe:re nvon by hu~ enemies. .do 18 omphat1unll 1v a l aw and ~:rdor ni..v ., f.t.nd not h ! ng uave an. ~bnclute neco~si ~y oonld he,ve· i nduced t h1.s act . The pr om1nEtnco of 1nf' name as a public man 1 and the ha.bi tua~ proJ?,anesH oi voli tica1 t:Hd l?Orsonal enemies t o .:misr epr es~~t publio mon, and a s1ncar e den1ro to clo Jt1nt10e t o a clever {;9nt lomani a ~l.nd. · neigb.bor, an a good citizen, ha ve prompted me to wr1 te this ot ter. BPE.T. AC .UrI?fJ\L OF HB/4 GLAY.-- ~"he jury i n the ease of the Cotm10nwealf:h vs. G.fl.Clay :for shooti~~ a .o.e~~o , r et urned a ver di ct of j1mtifia.ble homicide, o'V"ery member oi the .1ury sign.in:; t he ver dict . His s on, who was present a t t ho oh.C!oiinF,, gave f~lll particular s ilf the affa ir 1 nnda-r oath. befol'e ihe grand Jury. Thu~! 1t ,1111 be sc~n tha t Gen . Cl ay s tands honorably aoqu 1tted of 'the ohar ge1 of mnr dor ~-- PIVUU(F'OBT YEO:irrJ·; . 'l1IiE OIJ1Y l\FPAIR . --· ! 1; was certainly a curious fr eak of fort,1na which compelled Cassius 7·[. Cl.fty, a t t he close of n l ong and prorni nent publ ic enreer , _t o kill a. memb€1r of a r ace which he cham:pionea so gallantly and persistently in early day~t. tir. Cl ay i r, known as one of the old original Abol i tionists . Unltke his ass ociates in that cause , he carried t he war into the enemy's ca.mp and pronch(jd abolition iJl Konh1cky when Kentuck:v was a slave Elta t o . -Nio one can doubt the puritv of his purpose , or the I1onest y of his convict i.ons ; f or he choerfully eooured s oc i al ost raoi sm, and iearlGssly riskeal his life for tho sake of ~bat he beli eved t o be the truth. lie was not a feat her-bed philanthropist, but one always r eady to wo:tk and equally read.y to fight . Hio discretion arul his j udgenmnt ,1er e fre!iuently open to ci:ritic irnD, b1:,t nobody ever {Uestioned hi s sincerity or his co-µr t1go. His indomitable p~naoity on more t han one ~.oca sion led hi!}} into tloody g_ua.rrels which mi ght have ~aen ~voilied ; but , 1n the pr esent 1nstanoe , ho soie~; to have acted sol ely 1n self--dcf.ense and shot an ant ~ onist who wou ld othorwiso have seriousl y, i f. not fatally, i n jured hlro. An ol d man of S(ixty-scvon is no match f or a yolll'l€: burly , and. vi cious nogro . Nover thole1ss, Ur. Cl ay and. his fri0nc1s 'v'iil l de11pl y r egre t an ~vont w~Jch tbr~wsTila. t r ~ i c shadow over a p~tt h that had enough of ::moh before. - - 01 . LOUIS B.r,.PUBLICA!l ~ J.8'7'7. 'i1he ki l lillf1' of tho negro , Per ry iThi t e hir Casoius M. i;la_v. ap1Jears to ha ve been justi fiable homio1ide , No doubt 'he wiJ.l be ac:t.uft tedi i f the case be tr it)d at all . It can not be a?'f;u:ed ngri.inst Mr . Olay tha-. he was aaiu.ated by pr ejudice ~gai nst tho negro r ace · for he was one of the most det ermined and ono of t he br.avont 01 tho ol.d Aboli t,ionit~t s , anc1 one of the :fow men, i f not the only m~ who fought oponly aga incrt slavery whore it exh~tctl.-- PRilJJ>ELPH:1A .tt.r,COHD . It will be i-omemb.ered, oer:ha.ps, that Cl ay recently shot a colo1~ed man dead when no one else was pr esent· and his unsupported wort1 that t he man. advanced <;>n hi :m.(y,as ao.~.:eptod b.Y.. 1he comn,_1.ut:lty whore he lived r;ithout an 1nvc stigat1on. -- J.,acon, Ills . ) ITOii!L JOURNAL. Thus per,ished the chief 0onspirator ag--ai nst tlio life of my son and my own. 'i'hese are the bases o:f my stat ements in cy l ettor t o t he New York Sill~ during the l ate canvas-a of 1884. Such are the legiti mate fruits of Sl a ver y, and t ho Nihilism of the 0 Lost Cause ! " ...;--I f ·f -{ ·f ·f.. .,I .f ,..; .1 t I append a :few l et t ers f r,om Rome of the most i nt ellectual men of the "Abo1 ition (~exoel len.c..e_ ) Pa.Jc-ty'' and others. I hope one day to publish a volume of letter s from emi nent nien and women of all parties: - �~ II ( ' \' . • ,, L . .1 • ·1, ~ 1~ • • 1 <:I. f •, l ' York , :ay 4 , 8GO . ~c .., -- y 'Dear Sir :-- I thank. ou fo •hat _yon ar e so · ind as to sa couo rn n0 LlY di . coJr ~e on . r-hington Irving . r.h,t o orm l ife as ot ,G _lo , · . s in the a:1 A p aceful tenor ~~fl 1 · CJ our·ht no t to e:cci te in you · y r p · ni • You h ve b n ula.c ed b rovicit.nc e in · ,. ir 1 stances for dealiJ?.g wi h ;71ich ou h ve sho a n c liar fi tnesC! . .1.he reat ork of bri n-i r.:r a commun ity p1·eju · icod in f vor : slavery to Bf. · t eir erroe, an to permit i n evils to bo f reel iscussed, . as been 1 i pon you , n you haves own your e f fui eg~al to it . e may be esteemed a or tunate ,!) n · o oes not fa.ll below the occa. io n t o which he is s · !ll!!Ol ed . am , dear J?, ru y ours · . _o H.- -. J .. . ryant . rn.fa:s ' "ashington, ay 2 860 . Hon . O. : • Clay--: _DG8:r <"fr .: -- Your very enarous o e of oongratulat . o , of t e ....~ct ins tant , c e duly to hand . I nk you tru~, "'inccrel y ,_ fo th onfi e c-e ;ou f,O kind y xp·~ess , · d' am ro oundly graterul to all my friend . Still , I say t o you , in tru h , that the position assigne me by t i: e I would reall y have ic~o Oonvention · s one which l id ot es ire .r ferred to have seen it co11-~errect. upon yourself . 1 1 t, s/\ ·r ue n to .,he csu.so , I m"t;::;t not nm1 • rink fio i . I hope I may ye-t live to do t e cm,.se ~o e effective ood . t · all events, If el confident it shall rec ·lve no in· ry at my hands . Yo rt, very truly . I • liatnl i n . .... u CY. )ec1l C. i. , .1ass., ay i· , !860 . 1 r , Es,!-- Ly Dear Friend: -- • owe yo many a oloc;•ies f or ot having ans erea sooner your letter of the 3d inst n. -t did not r each me until af ter some of tht\ so vircum r a io s to -..rhic our ericaB: letters are subjeoti and , hen it did come , it found me in ul ging in t li luxury of s·1clmess , which e .t me ~ ay from the ant1-sla very mee ti~r-e in New York . s to the subject matter o~ y ur let er , I can only say that it ould take a great deal more than I have aver yet heard said a ainst �( iou to nhe.ke m_y- fai th in t he integri t y of your a.nti-slavary charact e11 . nrn saGr ificus you hu.ve ma<l<.:.; r ~.nd th~ tinngs:-:-s in the rr..id.r:"i. of -;1__ ich , vou s till live· are a sui"fic1ont Beal of your 3postleship, in Ifi eyer?. . I t ·~: hard a.t f t hi:", (t.i~:t;1.;.ncH 1 ~•JJ.tl surromieil. l>y 8Hv~l t ot~LL;,- dii1er ent ci rcum~tances , to judge o,f ~he Uflfn~·t1~nn.t e cli~Cl'Apa~ci~fl . ootwe:en ycrt1r so1f arid Mr . Fee and. }HG associates . w.J.eth:e:r Jud1c1om3 or not 1n thoir mode of act'ion , I can not question t he ~n.nGori t y of their op1ni9ri.::;,,. or tho ~ar nes tn.~~s of tholr a.(ltislave.ry ze~l. I o9µ_ only regrat t ne faut ox your d.1tforenceR and hope that tune and title may yel bring you s ide by s icl.e agai n . l am very s-ure that nothi I1€; ,till e➔i-.rar set you face to face against eaeh ot her where s l 1.1ve-ry i s t o be cmcount.ere d , hcwev·er wide l y· you mav cllff er as to ihe tln:£~, and reaf;ons a nd methods of your warfare. "' I was i n hopos t hat the ChiCs{;o Convent ion woul c.1 have seen fit to go to Kentucky for its Vice-President . Seuard and Qlay, I still · thirJc, would have made a more avajlable t icket than Lincoln and Ilamlin. I do not see how the enthusiasm essential io succe~ti can be a rouBed for a rail-splitter who holds to the fugi tive sl avo bill , as the '!ribune_ oi ye~1terday 'is aarefnl to let us know he does . Jind stric tly entr1t...uous,,. I st ill have a longing ·:rnakness for havi ng gentlo:man a t t,...;.. ;Ii..... e. . . n_c . .....~aor the nation . _ · With ffty friendliest regards for ilrs . Olay , I am nm? , as ever, very f ai thful ly yours, 3dmund (:uincy . L:cTTJilB FTIOM JOHN 1,. . ANDrew . BoRto.n.,No . 4- Court St . ~ July 2 > 1860 . 0, fl . Ol ay, Esq-. My Dear Sir:-- I have th iB morlling received your noto inti-oduc \?l Mr. C~pbell , o~ t he W~ee+ing ~ 4-f.igm.w~r ._ And I s~ll ~ry t o d9 , somethu"!.g for lurn by br1~g1gg his 1n creststo the .not i ce 01 our fr-1~t fr iends, ·and other wise , as I may be able . I was very glad to :hear f rom you , and I shoul d ba st ill more pleaseu t o see you f aoo to face . I send you , by this mai l, a copy of a number of t he Ohristifill.~ x.runino1· 1 conta1n-ing en article on Slaver y in bhe Terri tori es which_ i -tffi mC ve;-y able . . I saw sorne ot your !Kentucl-y ft1ends a t Chi cago , and re~et t ed not having the pleasure or seoipg you uith them. Our nati onal pI'osp t nr ospects ar e looki ng well and hopefulj_ and I hope we shall sea a na ppy r esult in t he au tun}n of all th~ ioils of tne year . I am, ve1~y ·r e speotfully and fa1 thfully, 3onr fr i e~d , J ohn A. Andraw. P . S . - - 'l1he - - ---havo not ia.rrived . Di d you send by Expr ess? I f I knew vi hore to look, I would. hunt them up . J·.,f!·. A·. LE'ITNRSJ :iOh !~'J~i rn.u; ALISON . 4 Cannon Place , Bri ghton, Uay 2I , I86I. Hon. O. M. Cl ay-Sir:--! have read your l etter i n t he Times with grea t interes t, and would fee l groa.tly obliged to you i f you woul d favor me with your opi nion of t he enclosed . Your s respecfully, . 1 A. ALISON~ �4 _Canon Pl ace , Brighton , ..Tune 20 , 1861. C. fi. Ol ay• Esq-- Dear Sir: - - I am i n recei~_t of your favor of t he 7th instant, for whi ch I beg to thank ·you. The subj ect is very important, and I shall take t lie liberty 'of re~l y ing t o you at some l eJ:!gth. You say t h~ disrupt i on oI the ~nion is. no sign of t ho failure of the Const1tut1on. But on that polnt we differ. Congress ha'S oertainly failed to keop its people together; and as to restori ng its lost unity without a Revolution, and a n,ew Constituti on, that is a h~pe whiah is un£ort~te1y oppos ed to all ~::roorience . trpie disru:pt1 on has , no doubt, a.rise:n out of cauRe s wlnct1 have been 111 oper-at;i,on f r om t he •orn_o~0cm~nt of t he Republic down to the present t i mo ; and , that beig 80 , ,you Jan no't r ast<Dre unity until you f irst r emove those eauses . . · Rad a }latioru:l Churolh bean ~rovided by Gen. Wa,sh'!,ngton, coherence would have been gi ven to the various St ates of the Un ioni but , as t hat was not done , a disrupti on in the long run i'las t he inevit abl e r esult. There. i s no oxampl e i n ~1i 1st .o ry of a g:tea~ nation be~ _produged wi th9ut a l~ational Church; and 1! t he St ates desi re to see t heir Na tion atta1n the hei ght oi power and Siplendor t hey anticinate , they must· begin the work of r egenaration by fi~undi:og a }lational Ohurah . There are , no doubt , di f i iculties in th19 way ; but I t hi nk I have shounvin 1.!fY work on Civilization, and in the pamphle t whiah. accpmpanias this l ett er , that th8se al'e not insurmountabl e. Neoessity has no law; and t he necessi tx of peace for Amierica is one that is sufficient _to over come ever y di If icul ty great w1d numer ous as these may be ___. With regard to the question \Vhether ~ Republic or _a · M~narohy. _,,... would be best, I oan not do better than point to South America, which, wi t h one except ion! is go,~erncd by r~1Jublics . These governments , as iou lmow, have f al en into a s t ate or l assitude and misrule i ancl if North Amorica is honoefor1~h to be ruled by r epublics, and w 1 t hout the aid of a National Church, its future ~is~ory may partake of the SSJ!le ,. character. The past bas J)roven t het 1.t 1s not enough to embrace d1ffiar ent provinces unaer one g6ver nment , but that there must at the same t..ime be a harm.oniii:n.9: p:rinci pl e a t work in the shape of a Nat i onal Church. You ~hillk: tne 1doa <'>f convert ing t he United St a t es into a lonarohy al,very improbable r E~sult; but 1f you r efer to the l etter of the Times oorref!:ponaent , i n whioh he states t hat there is a univer sal f e~l i ng in Cn~rleston for a Mo~rchy, yoTf wi ~l perceive ;hat·, s o far a9 Jthe South is ooncer ned 11 the i dea 1s likely tp be realized. The # existence of independent St a tes is only t he German confeder a t ion reacted in the Nev, Worl d--- a svstem which bas never l ed the i.1ay t o liberty in an3 part of t hei world. The necw I t alian nation found tha t the system or ~ndependen t St a t~s would not uork; and the geniu~ of t he great Cavour wi sely overr uled 1t. If all the St a tes of the Union werie merged into one , a s has bEten done· in Italy, i t would clear t he way f.or a better system of go,irer nment . Independent municipal government s /Would be given to the ~owns., \Vhich r1ould mee~ every- reasonable de.sir e f or s~lf-gov~rnm~nt which tne pooplo could wish for • .6ut ~ou will ask : ho·1w a ll these great r eforms could be put i n opera tion. To which I re1:pl y , let Congress put morth a provisioned scheme for a new Consti tut;1on, and send down a ciroular l etter to all t he S-ta tes i nvi t ip.g them t,o t ake the proposed Constitut i on i nto con.side a t ion . lf t he s cheme so 111r oposod was adequate to the emergency, I do not doubt that it would be, gener ally ac,cept ed . To act upon t·he princi ple ofallowing the cont.ending parties t o f ight it out would be suicidal; for we all kno:, that when t h i ng_~ are left to t ake t heir own coyrae .tnev natur,lll :v t ake a bad cQurne. -No, let Congress steu i n and app.1.y tne 1 eg1s1at1~ r emedies , aud the revolut ion ,nll~e brought to �---an. issUJJ which will r ai~t' ~1 the Amer ican Nat ion t o a pi t h of glory of ,·m ien s11e has nc concep 10n. E~ l and i s greatly i nt0rest ed in tbe spoedy s ettlement of t he wat; for , if that is to go ~n, we shall not only l oRe a l arge porti on of our cotton- trade , but ox our iron and other trades , which will throw l arge masses oi the popul at ion out ot employment , and per haps bring on a revoluti on. You may rely upon i t that E~land will do all in her power to hasten tho rest ora t i on of neace i n America ; and , if we advoca t e t he monarchial form, v,e shall only do eo because we t h ink it t he best -- . to produc9 a p~nnane11t 1?eace . ln the event oft.be present Const.1tut1on1 being adhered t o, t he future prospects of Amar i.ea are gloomy inded . 1 he war in that case will probably go on f or t.en or f 1fteon year:J , as was tho case in Fr ance ; and , although the, North in the end i s cert a in to be vi ctor i ous over t he South yet when peace is deolareu it wil l be the peace of desol a tion, and civili zat.1on wi ll be thrown back to an extent of which we can have no conce~tion.. I hopo. t ho gr eat importance of the subject will excuse the length of' t his letter, and that I may have succeeded in meeting some of your objecti ons ; and , wai ting t he honor of your r eply , I remain , dear sir, vary trul y yours , . . A. ALISON . I corresponded wi th lir . Alison on ethics mostly; but when he continuod ~ to urge t he monarch~al project for our Nation, I abruptly oloseu the discuRsion . That t he Sout h always intended t~ turn the Confederacy i nto a Monar chy, I never :had any doubt, from my own r easoning, and ta, necessary divorce of slav,e ry f_rom the di strust of sel f- gover nment, and the bases of its existence . This hope of Engl and to see Republic- anism come to grief was m1ore potent than any financ i al pressure , or . A fe ar of our nautical supr 1amacy: I do not see whyhJeffer son Davi s showed so much sensitiveniess about Wm; T. Sherman' s assertions on this subjec t : monar chy? Is tho 11 Siol id South " aey more free t han a l i ber a l Extract :from Interview i n Cincinnati Oomnun·cial - Gazet t e of July 27 , 1884: - t + On arriving at 1 I I -1- -1+-f hi~ house , and whi le enjoyi ng a cooling and r efreshing dr ink in a shady par. toof. the l aw, I fr ankl y t old Gener al Cl ay that I desired to intor viou hi m. He as frankly consented t o expl ain f or publicat i on the reasons tliat had induced him to return to the Republican fol d. With t hat r eadi ness natur al to a man aocuoto,med to publ icly expre 1si~ himself .Gener al Cl ay said:: n ,aar.l pub11shed a l etter ip the Courier-J oµr nal , stating that I had dissolved all par t y col~ct i on and would .ther eaft er act I\ I �i ndcpendentlj . Having as1sisted in t he overthrow of slavery, . and done my part in the r e~torat i o,n of the autono~ of t he St a tes , l fe lt t ha t my pol i t ical lifa-w-0rk was <.lone , and that I mie;ht just1y cla im the l oi snr o \?}tioh i s orcllnar i l y a.llovre.d to declini P€1' y09ir s . Tho l ast three year s I have devote d to agrioultnr e and books. I have not voted during tha t t ime. Uy l a st voto was cast f or Wi nfiel d Scott Hancock. But r~y i ntcft est i.n the cni-r ent of events as a c l tize.an of t he Republic has not ceas:cd . There are two aoti ve f orces a l ways exi ~t i~ in polit ical li f'e . Ono i s in tho dirocii on of per sonal elevat i on· and thus that ambi tion which i s natural to man i s s o~gh t to be e,r ra.t ified .. The oth~r ~eads· to that micceas whi oh c omes of. t be est abl1 nhment of great :pr'1nc 1pl n~; . Uen who sub s orve self- elevat ion, hG·.-rnver highl y t hoy may bia ve ancended, the l 5dder of fa:me , a r o s oon los t i n t he wreck of s1100:0ccllng t i me'"~ Bu t t hos e who have been f ort'Un2itt enough to associate thems1elves \Vith tho gr ea t rJrirtoi pl os whi oh underlie civi liza t i on , wi ll never bo i oreo~ton. In ovor y f1·oa ~over ronent ther e mus t 1le tvro or m()rc pol1t1oa l :p3.r t i es . I MVCi made 1 t the rul e of 1J}Y l ifo to go with that :party \Vh1ch b-os t repre sent ed t he a.g-gregat e of my pr inc:i pl es . !,~any boa s t o_f consis t en~y i1:1 havi•ng ac t ed thr ough a l ong l ife '1'7 itho11t a change of .:rm:rty assoc1at1ons , when t hey onl y slio~v t hemselves, t o be knaves or f.00 1s . " ''What reasons do you ei ve f or ret urning t o your f ormer pol i t i cal associ ations?" · Gener.al 9;~y went on to say : 11 I n._t ho Uni.t-od St a t es , tm.happi l y_, mere par t y d1110roncos ha.vo not been 1t s m,-eate:-;t oal am1ty , for f r otr. t r.e beg i nni~ . it. has b~o1:3. ~ co1:1fl i ct , not be t ween part i~s onl y , but betwoen t wo u1at 111ct c1v1l1zat1ons . There uas on one s1do $.l 1 the ~avated f eat ures of fou~alism, 11hich TTer e l'~>r e~ont ed by . the sl avef • po or; and on the othor ::.ndo thos e el 0ment s of uni ver 8al r1e;ht and eq~alit'.'l , r1hi ch wel'~ bui lt by ·t he_progross 9f civt l _izat ion 9n tho n n ns oI the ol d ar 1stool"acies , Thi s confl1ot wh1oh had e:inst ed from befor e t hq forma t i on. of t he Cons t i tut i on in ! 789 cul minat ed i n t he arb itra~ - qf a.nns i n !361. The centri fugal ~or ce was (les troyeu. 1 war , and naturally the centr ipetal for ce neoes~arily assumed~ abnormal st:rengtll; and ot1r popul ar inst i tut iom; by the r esults of the we1·e 1n dat1ger oi' bo1ng swal l owe~ up 'f?Y £f c-ont r al a~rnpot i~m, which went s o far a s to t hrea t en ovon unpor1al1sro. · In t h1r; a!1 1n mos t case s , the safo pat h was i ntennedia to botwe en t he t •.;ro. Therefor e , while I 1:7ent wi t h t!le Republ i cans for the clest r uoti on of slavery, I went with t he Do1110cr a t s f or tho prosorva tion or the autonomy o:C the St at es, l eaving· t he Republi c upon t he same foudat 1ons t hat our father o built lt . Par ty names ought t o r 0pr esent part:y princ ipl es, as t hey gener al l y do i but har e we ha ve the. oxtraord1nar:y anomal y of a so-called Domoera t 1c par t y , which s i nce -tli..e d41s of .Andrew J aokson hol ds not a singl e D'emooratic pr i nci pl a . Pr o1essl 14,· t o bo the foll owar s of Jeffer s on t hey have i erior ed al l t 11os() gr eat l)rincipl es of c ivi l a nd lloli iioal o,~11ali ty whi ch made h i s nrune i mmorta Professing to be t he follower s or ~ackson t hey at t mnpt 0d t he dos t ructi on of that- Uni on, whi ch he decl ar e! by t ho Et ernal Gou shoul d b e pr e~ervei. . Pro f ~sP.iug Demoora<}y, they be t ra.yo~ to . sl ave~ all the pr1no1nl os whioh make tlio name soor od t o t he asp1-ra.t1ons of m~n- - ~l ~ve11', \7hich t he pio:u.~ Vl~sl ey pr onoum~ed the of a ll . v1lla 1n1os ·.1, n mor al s! and v,h1ch ir· the '.-ror s t of a l l known despo t isms in. nolit ics . No rea s;t ~t esman expects to mak~ ijTeat r adi cal reforms i n,ay . I t herof or e s truggled i1i t h t he pr ofess ell Democt at :J from the y0ar" ! 866 to t ho year ! 880· t o bri ng· t he·m back to · t ho house of U1eir f a thor s , fr om wh i 1.;h they had sd cr iIDi na.ll y s t r a_yed • I thought that when wo wr ested the swor d f r om t ho hands 01 t he General Gover nmirnt , whieh was lif t ed f or their destruction, tbey woul d b ® more mnn �th gla. t l _t it lie t --ro in oaoe f o ve r. t as r a to i hi.men her , to find t h t r o on as i ey the olves were secure in their righis~ when we ad eliminated tha grea pO~er of b·rbar·s d EO leQ to the nobler _n ' better laments of ·ivilizaion f ree om of sou i on an\ fr ,ec on f ha ballot, 1-t t ey 1 should tal.::e it u~ a.gain t o do r · ve th that e en ranchised fr ic n r "d ce of lity be1ore tho l aw 11hich we ha shed ~o much atriotic blood and expanclocl so mch a.rd- earnecl onoy -to e~tabl 1sh in e truot.ibly in e "1 0 stitu ·on of' be Uni eel States . .."veryboc · wi ll understand hat l a:l. ude to the tr udio t Danville . a., and in opiah Co ty , iss . hicL were perpetrated not by an outbreak , ommuni iies are a t times lia lo, but by tho ~olid South mhis, t1on, is not a con lict bet oen nm-ties , as I ~al· oefore , b t b twnen t~ o ist · ne t ci vil· za i on which can not coexist . r~he to \7hich al1 triumph of th ,ep blio n, omocra tic, Groenbaok, L bor, Anti - · onopoly nd Prohibition J?art ies , ·1hatever roay bo the ucc es o eit her, i ~ o the i nsu e . ho rt o d only i. rmo i s between barb r L m a 1d civiliza · on. shall vo o, therefore , God w· lling , ror Blain~ an Logan, b~cause t h~y bes t re re n~ t e c ivil i za ion of ~ a ·e . I . odern t mes lat orms re , · ean1ng , nd oun t o notlnn . They are 10 a proJection of nnw ·i suo. , b t an e. ecia.1 embodirne t of i.sues which already exi~t , l o ·or o attr .o t he lar ,est nu ber of votes . I can not ovorloo the fact, howev r, ha1. t Q De ocratic lat f or i e;nores t.. at i sl~tor o batbar.i s 1 polig y. If ci vi ,iza., · en de1; e a.s more upon 11 one thi.ug than an oi;h r, 1 i 1f 1onogal!,!Y...,_ the acre e. s of tho household , 1.he 1)es of all conserva ions of t 11e Stato. F indin , thnt tho · r a ackr- upon tho labor o· he countey by ab olu Li e free trade , ere repel lo :i they fi th strange Ti/ nt of a-: pacity to govern the country h ve e.. 1ibited a vacilat i on between prot ection and fre e ra o, w1ic at last was compro i so in conve~• tion a lank ·n · , eceivoci obo ' • i'I i.fe I as acti ng with ihe arty n I 7c. at- , Cincinnati I s olemnly rotested against t e rea-tro.de 1 .nk. In I87 · tfie gre t c1ues · on of civ 1 ervice· refor.m drowned out all hought or d. cussion of tho vowals of the St . Louis convo tion on thin bjoct. In !88 I had no voice i 1 the convcnt·on . The o ocraiic leaders ho ha o una.nimou l y o llac.l to t e esi enoy oi he Loni ville c n ent i oni road wit nticip ted pros erity an rucce sin I 80, .d no onger any use for my erv1ces 1 i , ore · e true is. me o 1876 and place Hancock UIJ On freo-tra, platform vhich bro ht certain de eat tot o arty . I wi 1 ot er1t l' into a lo discussion o ~ tl e tariff q est1on, but I mn~ t say that he 1 ass e of a :fr ,e-tratle l aw wonl ma .e six or ei~ht 'llions oflAmerioan peoplo , en, 1omen and childr e , by the in1.rod1 ction of forei ma ufactures , p upers upon he at1on . t could we o v i t the s auper. ? ' e could not ta e tl e ir to agric lt.ura1 r other pur su ·ts , becat o suck an .i. . en, e "' L tnrb1ng orce would nrostra.te all o her inclus ir ies. ho i.nevi ta le res11 t a ould be revol ti an d bread r · ot · n every mannf·-ct1 ing ente in 10 Unio : for rue 1 a . have and c l myA lill, ·1h0n re.ad i \?anting , a eal to s.rm . r uld o er re t intero tsJ internal am,. foreign cormnorce, ' d a) icu1 t e, f are any bet t r unuer t he lenderAh. o the emocratic p rty? ~hiq d istr1 ·to emocratic lG .i. · ershin and admini ..,trat·o nres ent tao trao i y anomaly t~ a t i spi to of th ~· e t agrlc 1 tli.r~1 :r.o 1 ct r, , or po oe and ot er evi e oos roAner· y nover i n th hi ory of my lone experience have tho cop e oo co so ominou f.1 ly to tho f-t1 re . The industrial 0 arometer has in Nev York, he center of co ercial transaction , �fallen lo -re t an 1as over been o i n t ho 1-is ar of he uoU11tr .• Ho ef 1 observers ve i re to a ribute a1 o f i ne i : e~ult · he City of 1 Ow Yori, bu I am of th opin'on that 1 sin th t great co ter prosper ity ir · e~ ibits it elf, it is c3ln ... ive to suppose hat 0 ery or ion of th• re ubllc will no YID:- athi ze wi h its i :"fort1u1e'" . ~o he und i. ot t . The J.eadershi of h a· a- called emocra.tio p rty i~· as impotent as its ei con9 ca.l inabil~t • '?omii:g out from a re olut1on \ hare t ey \ ere loft 1n a ,o e ti m1 ori fy they er i te· ly ,al l thcnr oon, erors _ot •ome o ther1 ·,o of equality and' a co o brotherhood , ut si llly to si..•.d t . eir r.ank~ in ol itical vie ory i hi ·11 t 1e1 r followers ar e to s1are nc1i _o ~he .rofits or the oner o · ho tri ,p . Of all o great io tle rs o the Union party fow , if any, have een i ited to u non ,r fl carry t air banner s . ,o that to join he Demo ratio party is o ct Ii o tho boar-ts in limo 's fa lo oft efox a1de si k' l'on;all t e t ac s l ead do in o doat , 11 no 10 re urn . 'hus we have ho extraordinary spectacl9: of , on uercd leople lai · , s ipre over the co querors . ' u Tm B Hon . , • ') ,-RO ·~ ED • Clay-- y Dear Sir:-- T inling if mi h be ae;roe· le to 01 add.i tion to official de onstrationn o that effoct, o bo abie sl1ow Princo Gortchacow that his n oblo lotter of tho I h of uly app1·eci ..... ted hor - by the ublic e;e~er ally , I ve tur-e to you n nrticle on i at ~ bjec .lrom tho ew York Lodger . . \ is ing you o tire suoce~rn in our issi on, I am, dear rea.L r es ect , very tn l y yo 1r , ur.,....,,._,,, ~ /!JJ) / 4Ed ard , VG ett . * _fA>t-'\_ , ,~. @( Boston, June ,./7 , I 64-. lay: -- You \ ill doubtless have seen i n our pa . rs he the honoro ai o the p.f fi cers of the Russia leet in our w"' t ars . I end JOU · amphl ot contain· tl e spenches ma e at a dinner i von to diniral es off sey nd hi. a noci tes by ti 1il;i .11 ty f Boston . f j ou thinl the copies of tho pt1 hlo t o aco table to the ~mpcror, t e Grana Dt e Conota 1n0 , and rin e Gortchacow I ill thank you to offer t en the co:pies herew · th toul tran mi t te . I t 1ink yo VT i ll be l ease i t 1 t e unaffe ote cord ."'lit withh(p.erv aos tho ech0s ; ad which , I assure youi wa~ Ahared by ou.r entire communit I re in , my de r • • C ay, it igh respect, very truly your ,, 1. 1. Edward Everet ". His ex A~llency a,:sins 1 ~ Clay-- .S.--1 regret , t i i s not in y o or to end you a copy of Jt he in better binding . A very i mite number only W• r e aent e 1:ti · .. loth, and tho t"hree acompanying this lotter ar e all- that remain . • .[j . par.i~hl, '[j1 �( 1£TTEB }~BOM mos. lV. Ef.ANS . Paris, ~h y I I , 1862. tty Doar G011oral Ol ay: --I vrtite you aeain a t St . Poterf,burg. I th011ght you would ba 5.n America by this ti:m€ ., but it S(:}ems Cameron i n 11neor ta1n. I rec~ived :a lat-tor a. fo\'1 day'.3 n1nco fl' om f1. _gentl01~n in th0 States--a fr1end: oJ C' A. Hestatos t ho gentloman 1.1111 be 1n /\ P:.:-..r.i3 by t he firs t of ~T-tu110. Ro wr i i.,es rather pos itively on. this • !·. m1b.icot . Your ne;~ Mr -!.· Olay, ca lled· upon me two days ago . He , aara-11c-rms goi ng t o 'J.'tu~iin"as sec-rotary . He looked well a-ml hands ome . Bi golo':f tells me Bayard '1'19.7lor is goi r~ as soor otary . to St . Petenburi, nccor d.1ng t-o his lotte:ri itutd rour no~hew to Italy , i nst ead of St . Pet er sburg,. I think hun forvlmate uO go t o 1urin1 as it \7ill soon ~ ,/1·t the · attor pla ce will bo i:ate:rssting, as who beginning <> .. a /n.0\1 era. I l1opa soon t o 1!See you in Paris. You have be.en les s in ,a sta te of un~ort inty--for v ou· not t o bo lit h01n0 so !;oo:n. You o-an pa ss , by Paris and apaud ~oma t:imo. All thQ Ministers are tr aveling now.* Payton hn.s been to vi~i t . Holland nnd Bel giu.~. Judd htw boHn hero \ J also Fqgg and Sanfor d. I h-Ol)e t o so9 you before loµg . Com~ to OUJ1; house d.Ltoc t--4I .Avenue <lie l' Imper:~tr1ce . ':fo shall bo glad to see you. I horo· you will not bel ieve t ho story about the recogni zing of the Sou "h. I do n' t; · llm t r,ppe i.vo s11al l soon have nome g--roat and s t artli1_1g nows from home. · I inoloao a fem -linoiS: to Mr. Lucll0\7 t o at tend to one or two littl e matters for mo . I llopa b.e will ai so c,ome to Ree us wr10n he arri ves in Par i s . : Thutlow Wood. was her ws a fev1 '..'Teek'8 since~~ He desired to be kin kindly remorobeted to you lrrhcm I ivroto . He has gone to England . B1el1eve me your sit1;c~r-e fJricD;,d,.. ~ . / *J«LJ J;i .,J,1..J,,,i.~ t)t(u,,, ~rl .,_.ru/ ~ -~1ti1.J4 ·~ tp,t-~ d ~ ~ 4,k k , ~ "~·)..r~ -➔W,7/j;;;/,L4J ~-,t. , , LE'rTEB Fil0!4 Sl~NATOB S. C. ~ ,,tit~ Thos . w. Evana . POMEROY,. \1ashingt on Ci t y., August I3 , ,!862 . Ca ssius M. ~lat-- !!y h.nr Genera~: - - I ~~ve ln.:"lde s9me ineffectial- _a:t t ~mpts t o ~oc von here;· l)ltt now W'lll ·wr 1 te ye-u a luie to Ne·1 .~ork. It 1s no ttme ?or wor c1s . So allov, me a1~ onco to say that we ·ant you to t ake a COml7iand west of t ho MissiBsi prii Bi var~ and all ~rett cf it. Declar e iour polic~p II Not to cal:--ry the sw·0-rcl in one lland¥tho shaokel s in \,he other . ' The Presidont wil l give you that c:ommand 1mdar these 1·esponsibilities. I have l ittle doubt. I am going t o neo the Prosi clent to- day upo11 thl~~ mattar . We umst do it . ~~ 1.~s vaoillati~ policy- -or want of a fixecl r,iolicy- - i s c.lemor a.li ~illf.· t1le Nation . 1.rh · _ hour has fully como . The f irst one--i n a contu~y--it mail' ba tho l a ,. God does not often repeat los t ·OIJJ?Cr tuni t ·ies . 'I h i s niust" be d,o ne u L~ t me say , yon aro the m,;m for . 1,nis ,yor k. Wo ~ ve been l ooking· for him for t welve months • . L-Etad t lus Hat1on on to v1ciory by ·th& short roai! l rnr~ci pat ion wil l HO<.t1n·e J>eacc until the rriil lonnH.un • . 'There is no other bas is tor a s Et t t l emont . And oan be. no ot~er . 11h~ J}ai~ce of my own- - once d1str acte,d-- St ate ( Kansas ) is an 1lustr at1on . 1 �( ( -f~-~ -.v-- In all kind.noMJ lot ri.c nay I you. r.mnt not Te turn to f.urope ! This i~ an hour of poril to the country ! If ~·ou lc~lvo ur. aft er a t11 l rty clay~1 vicit , vou amt '1B aro tho sufft,rc:rs . You can !l~,t do i t . Your na~t hir:;torv,., vour unse1£'fri,h devotion to otht.rr s your own l)luck i n t~ (, 'lOur of tr~ial J forbid. yon l MiV l tho 1 • ol d ship n.ow • t he naoorior. of tf'lo 12nst, by t ho rcr.pO'n·~1bili ti<.a of the -p:rono11t , y t he r,lor iotw hor>et; ot an opon.inr; fn t nro , I urcf¼ yon to ~tay itoro " ~~ul oomman\1 1lfl ln tho r7ost .. Give t l1c 001 ntry . f-.c-'cctlom nrld l)Of,<}e . Gou direct you , my doar sir . · ne S. 1; ,!.-11rl n I o. Pomer oy. •·.rl "l , Bost on , AuGtmt 19 , I8Gt. . i:Ojor -".1onoral Cl av-Doar Pir: - - 1 hnvo t.o- do.y ~i ven to rw irlnnd , Ca.pt . U. I'i nnor , a l ot tor of i..ntr0tinction to you'. Ho l~n 1,oen. for ono \tc,ar , qtHtri or- mn~tcr on Major-Gonor al Kear ney's s t aff, and l venture nothing in say1ng ho i n tlw very bo-!:1t q1,nr t crll'..r~r;ter in our arrrrJ • • • •• • He hr.s t1mdm;od hio r cS t{;nat ton; but ~1ill wi thtlravt it ,. if he c)an 1v~vo the ~.:u-30 post wi t b :you, J:or whon he hh~ a stl"onc; hdmi ratlo 11. . 1:0~1, ono wor d to your nelf . 'f hank you hon1•til y for cor1inf; home . ,:fo nocd vou 11ere. Do n 't, '!n r:..ny account . go mvai ~-t1n. Your 1nrth , a Kont uok i an 11 your r11l1t nry repute , your 1Jol1 t 1cnl impo:rt a11cc mnko you !"lOl"E~ than a1no'lt. ~ay mun r.blo to t\ClViRo , , .nd l i kol y i o h~.va your ,,clvic:o .1oic;hcd . I cnnnidor 7ou .1or th at lca~,t 1 any hr:lf do2oh Hort~)orne1~s juzt no,1 . No:' prone .,h9 Oover nmont to your v10·-:s,. nnd co 1nto 1;h<~ flold t1utl1oru~ed to ca.rrv thcI~ out. . I think ":lo snall suc~ccd a 1; lr~nt ; but i t t-comll to mo JOU h~1vc tho power 1..o b~titon the e.doptlon o1~ the noedod lJOlioy rm muc.n nH to nnvc tlto thour-;m1d11 ot livo~ , riill ions ol ..toll urn , t,.nd. uut ol c1 lLI\f;Ot~ to 3e:pnblic;:.minri cpr inGi ng jrror:1 t lJci continnan<:e of m-ioh n ·:rar •· Faithfull y your t:, , Ylondell Phi 11 il)8 . ~oston, April ~6 , I865. Hon. C. U. Cl ay-- · Do~..r Sir :--- This will bo hen.tied you by my f r iaud , : . ~·; . Ki ttredg e , ~sq . , oi' Cincdnnat l. I know ho wil1 ne<'d no ·,,ord of nine to. ~ocuro };li.~i yo,~r kind :int er est in f'tn·ther ine tho objects cri t~ w1nch ho vua t s f ,t . PoteJrsbur c . But am nuro tho f act t liat ho i L o.n original ru~ti - i:-1l avor y. vtr~ '<iTil1 •gi 'Ve hirn an bddod claim on your rc{~ard ; Rnd I trunt ho will l or;e notni.n.g by this \'Tor tl from ono aho am; z-1E.t ohod your ~1our ne -;'lith nclmir.ation and r ospoct oinco yonr first ;1<~11- d'oal t blo-;1 ( your speech ) in ~:urope . :ray I ask for Hr . K. every kindness in youjr po1,;er? Sincer ely yonr r; , · ~ondell Phi l l ipn. �_, 1r1r n;) _______ "J".('Ul 1; l o) .4 ,., l :, srr A'Ir:r ~, ·· 11 ' l' ('fJt;,,.,~ldH I , .111; 1 ,ll 'I ~' r, ')I !'li.JlU. Avgu.s t aonte1·eal, Fl·• J.i3GE m,:or- Gonara l n. M,. Clay- - I ~ak~ 1,l e e.suro in e~miaen~.in{; ,~~tr ienJ. ~eth I\ n11~1 1-e11 . Le 1s on~, of t 110 ol d r,11ar cl a yon tmly f , o::1 • t·1· o·"' . 1·n ,~/r :i.-ml l \joun i y nus seon s0u1e ~orv1ce , u. "' iv • • • • ·1 · t l 1fe g en eman o n ,,, arul 1 under s t1\nd if' (len~1C' 0 or aga1n nnt or1ng upon 1111 l nr y . . Wo11l cl that I could be r11th you . Vor y truly, ,1 I LET?EB p ':>QH j_ I lU Department of t he lntericir, G . . . 1':_F r" 1.1 .. l....uL lJ ;;1 • ..v ''l t-11H • •, ••.1.... Washington, Sep t. IO, 1862 . Gen . C. M. Cl ay-D~ar Sir;--1 r cgTet _t 1mt vou di d not cal l _on ~e on H?r,tday as you s a i d yuu would do . 1. saw l'Ialleck and. t h e .t•re s1dent. Vii th t h e 1 Iormer I could do nothi n~r . He seemed to l hi nk t hat your mil 1 tar y · knowledge was acquired out s i de of YJest Point . The President des ires to aoeomodat e you; and I think he wil l ae;ree t o giv.e you a department i n t he 8outh\'lest. I have your note of yesterdo.y , and urn obl i ged for vour compli " ance wi ih my request . Yours truly, Caleb B. Smith. LET'I'.ER F11011 HORACE GRF.ELEY . Office of t he " Tr ibune,'' New York, Nov. :?A. 1863 . Hon. C. M. Clay-- Dear Sir:--! thank you for your Albani speech, which I had I mean to print i t s oon; not before r ead . 0 He no doubt wns oirerruled by the Bayar d Taylor f gc tiotj.. He never ke t his pr omise . It was never pub 1 i shed in the Tribu.ne . - C• , I88fj, .u ~m no ove1"1.yhe lmed wi th pledges t o pri nt one thine 9r anot her 1ncl ud1ne; Mr. Jul1.an' s speech, ana_ na ve been long struggl1!_).g f or ' roomto fulf i ll s ome of t hene __promi ses . But I trust I snnl l find r oom for your s very s0012.. yours, Ror l_\Co Gr eol~y . �. Dep rtment of Stat , lARD • Il . .;h · ·t on , June 3 , I8 ",:; . C ~ sius ? • Jla , :. s -y De r Sir:-- have r eceive our kind 1 ttcr of t he 25t h of April l st, i hich ou e k of e -·utur c of yo r cot r y ; u avo to t han y our su e,) tionn concern1 t1 e princi les · i th 1hi control e . cSoo letter t o Lou· s vil l tat_e - rights . s n f avor of- a esty a~ ur na , :o.--C., IO 5. 0 ,Thi l e seriously ffecJ·ed by t ha t .1 ich you c ommunic te a~ree , ith you yet i n too fee le a· s t at e of he t I am , y de y ou otl1eri· i s e than hro ·h an a r-- i t .cully yours, and cordiall y 1 1 o arrn r1er .. ir, very till . H. Seward. ""'DO i . 1 EAD . I ome, l ch ..., , I - . a car n iva l o f unshi a nd fl o ur. to c... car iv 1 of snow n slaigh-bells ; fr om he ci y · he cient on tiff , r uli , a 0 ll!lf till glor i ou i n . )i te of i t oca nee and m· 1 ri - , t o ·ho i ty o tL Cz r , ,e Vl C"Or u. empire of t o . y Dear Gener al: -- 1 ro mo cr n () i · .:ron t1 e r Pins o " th l ac o f e ,ae ar s rene 11ed Va lh lla o t e or h , t1 he're ou s it horo· c a on hi . co OS ,ti . ere o i a el' o s , You reme .ber he ou ·ere toget~er. o m the ge or 1 r o ise th t, ~han ~e come res i o t, 1en I .a to -o · ni tar to Gre ece? He . s no olecte o the · ite Hous e; e you are Jleni1ontent ia y a t the Court of t ho ead o tho Gr eok Church, and i n iatoring to o Muses r ear the ch ir of St . Pete'I' . ow, I thi k of it , :re are both ministering ·n 0t . ' er~- bur ! \ ell, h i s i as noar as · e fr o tie tly 0 0 c to o 1r _ .. e .:, ires. 1 'sh you t.:ould l ay ~i e 01r Nor n f ur, d co e here f r 1hile~ vlere a ligb i oga ould more beco e you 1 d onjo t· e dell . tQ or this ij uc· world of art befo e i ve iiges o,. t e ·lu,os ic"' entirely diSa...Jpe a • It may be, however , that 1 may ee you i n your tem)or ry o e 01 1 o e of the. e ys, here e c ~n o "-rat, 1 t o a ~ t h wo s t1ll ha ve a country; "md that y ou , t Kc t Jry · · o or of fro edo , V so en our avori te ,, eme a co pl i s Ad . , y i nrrne · aie objec in ·,1r i t ing i ~ to a i n some inf or a ion: I have a oung frie d--ri h , eood l oo i .c; , s fe e t t 1r oe, _. c:, t rnntyone, a itiou-s, int e ligen , etc .-- ! · i he to sec serv1oe i some f ore·ingi:i army . 'ha ar e t he uhances or such a youth i t o Russian rmy? nd wh t are the re g irements, 7lhen you hav a omen t t o f.par o ~ please ~op a word i n reply tot ose questions and oblige our aovoted f r1en, r,, . Buch nan .1. ead . C Care of Hooker & Co ., Bankers, Rome. �--- --.... .....___ LB'l''l'J:H FR01,t Or~O . BAtlCilOf T. Legat ion of the Uni.tod ntatos. Berlin. l nnuary IS, !869. f ir : --lt g i veo ma [,Toa t ploam,ro to send you a l_)r intocl copy of t rea t y iyith r,orth Oermiany , nncl lik~•:d so copi es o~· tho trts~los n t h trc minor Gor m.<J.n pow19ta . 1.i:hey d1f f o:r fr om ca.ch other r·l 1ghtly l"i:[ in the: clf:, t n i ls , i n comwquenoc of t110 difforont milib,.ry l r··,'!1 , from t)10 eneration of •1hi cl1 boJ~ ,£5,ikoI".ifr.· nt.:::: nro to ro roliovc . In sitbs1,~~noe, tltc.~y ll.r A t1~cfliarnc . Inn, r;i t , tt11ly yovrr , Goo. Bancroft . c"I • .taa . ~ J 1ay, llL<.s ,V q ., U• Q v. T o .~•rJ. .._., .. 1r ,'l) ti • ' ,•111110 t er , ,)C' t • 1•', -♦,.Oi.., ,f •. ·ra v 1:., •r_. I t nJ' 6 <:ii'ffoU.t'f "h . fCHUYL.R; lJo:-ico..-1 , Jqn:· il 20--Llay l 0--IBG9 . Uy Dat..r ?.,r . Glay; - -Jou nr o very kiuti t o wri to me all tl,c · ua:rtioular !] about the T!li-; take wit h r er;n.rd to the !lo~cow con~ul a te . 1'ho post that wonl C: 11.hVO br~1~ht t ho~H, Sl)1;t)intir101 tn sc,om~ to ~ t1mi sc ar Ti0d , as I lmow· not1hir.g o;:copt the J.f:t t or in tllC' Londoh ~ :, .,;run vory r;l sd t hat Mr . AlL~n c;oc,s 14orocco, antl nut to Mo~cow: ot 4 -t. I ar~. n'vt qui t o ro~ y to o~ ho:uw ye t . I l,1al/\1 1Lo~ fl.1i~h\c1 1:1y Hussian ·\ stuct1cs; a nd , I Yll11 admit, I raUmr ~}cc111 to 111m il.c m. t10!1 of t he ~ nl oa t n ou.g~ I r-, lnh t.no.c19 woro noro oi tll0c11 . l am vor :,, glad on yo·:1r .1cent1nt, · rtd HlRo on accov lt n: tho conn- J try , t.hat .Torornah Curb n co.ti w 1;-.oro l)or-row noncy or c;ot driin..'k. 110rc .r"' t:iy i aeas of tbe tmb.f1vrd i:riat io.n. of a noore tm:·y to a r''li. , intor ,ire shell that i shoul d con sitiior it }1i ~ fi:rP.t dltty to r or,ir,r1 in case },o 0oul ct. no t ?C;reo with h i s, :p~ inc i.pn1 • . !f.uc;h :mo·r o in a c~f!e W~} o~e l tc • hnd vi illful iy qun.rrello<l w1th tbe ro 1u 1:;tor, and ~ought i.o ln Juro ~ n i m. I 'fie}1 , 1ndcod , t ha t t he n:otal lw.d bor.w )oin1.. e(l ovon mor e · ~ sharpiv by ..-urtin ' s ins ta:o.t r cc8ll tre mom~nt Gr ant ca.mo into r,owor . I am e1ad yo" have sucuaedccl l n relieving 1,t . Potnrsbur e of hifu; nnd .. I trus t ho will not havo t he i mpudcnoo t o Gout \n~o ' ·i s Hnimo n i ty on ~ tbo ot her cido oi 1.hG ,\ tl.fint ic . ?With r ogntd to 1tbe \~ ert.ificato , I atn afraid I :an do nothlng . l: Prince St ohor ba toff i s no·vor at homo ',-rl:on 1 call; antl ho 1ma been f:' ~ucceodad a s rnayo:r by :Pri:noe 'I chor 1c{ir sky , who lplows no t h~ng about ~ 1t , and was not u1 Uosoow at tho t1_mo . Th6 tir,ie, too , 1r vory '"t1ncortain; but I 1-v ill tn . ·1 ,, If tou havo a Hew Yo:rk ~imos or r ribune with the lis t of ap- ~ --po intment s , could you s~n1d it to me? - 1ours, vory truly 1 ~ 1 to t f 1 nigeno ~ohuyl ei- . To Oen . C. Li. Clay , U. S . Minist.ol." , St . l'etarsbur r,·. _f-. �I It "11'7{ j J. J. • :' oter'tor o • 1' ebr.iary I 5, 1870 • llon . :J . :l. ,lay-- ! J Doc.r Sir :- - I t1~ .. 1.k 1.ou for yo' ,r lei i el' >r tae 11 ih inst . A-re iou certa in trw.i t.y d.te ft 01 ;i. thouee!f•J do11 .wn : oT "!. 'ho 111.ban:1 hr-, n 1)acn pu t to uRe'? r1y b~mk b :>olc. v1z.s ·,-r1tton u11 . .l Hn 1layr- a~:u , c:nd t ho dra.Ct hact not t .on b oun ,ncnc:~it ed, J arl nps it li ar, i '1 :::oroo fil n of my ftiend Grecloyr ' s paper~:. ; a,1d tlle let. t or , ·.11 lcl', :1r- eall s "en att nc_~g UJ->1Jn Ow Adt1i rllistration 1 " l iof-'. 'i'lith it, I •7if'h n1at lot tell' C1)uld bo fot.rn,J 1 :1,1re i ~ Of1i.ly_ 'Lo 0onvinoc htx:i t h==i.t i. l ~fc . 1 •. t ~t _fill what ho or.1u·r""o1.q:rizos ..1.t t o oc . I t i r .l nn l d .:rret.ont_;,t1on ol t no mut icr, and t akon ~1lcb r;r·ound n~ -::e,ll'Ltor C:.ir perit ,, r t..\1i.On i - ·1 is very abl e srooch. ·1h ich I havet just re::.d in t he Tr ibune . 'tber 0. is such nn l nor.~flnnily heavy p-rosnura upon all of Iloraoe Oreeloy' s time . tl1s.t i t i s 01lly' s tra1l{;o tc f~ lls i 1tc, no T'!oro mis nt,---rohonn~ons . I clo' not kao\'! Bor.iat c1r 0ar pcnt or ; but I ifrfor from hls gTaat spcoch U1at ho i R both a ~tnt c~uan nnd. a l a.\'iyer . Can 011r Goverm:net.it 01olay r:nG!1 l o.nser to T.:o 1.i!!t ju~tico ·,1 hioh it ow1;,~ to J ube'? I trust no\ . \7i tl! ~r cet r cg:-,r c . v nt r fr iond . Gert 1 t f,mi t h. •• I Cffi ' ..... ~ r.:?:• r.Ji;.i' - • • Ho1hbour r; le~-:1 Je.lno , I'rtt.seie , July "i.7 , 1069 . rv 'Jenr :1r :-- l ;i:..wc Jl~ly r,{,COi"t·t ~, Jv1;r ... :~ t or ,:f th(. ~; '1~ inntnnt , -fon1ar ciud to lr18 f r om raris , i huVC nc v~r !30 C.ll ,;,1 1),i;:- :r l Pl t ho di.Gprit (!h ~o,i ::Hlca.k of- - '1c:i.t.hot have ! ei:-er f~Gc,.n i-1t;rt i 11 ; hnt , f,·om wJmt I )mow Or-him , you rnu.y be qui to $U;'O I 8honl c1 J'W"Ol' 1'0 CO~'nOrtd J1 i:m for :.ul"'f. t h ii4;. Your suc(:.cm:ol" • Gov . :!urt'in.. ir1 uo~1 ~1r.1·e . I unc.lort.,in(l ne proi)oocs nonct int ; hit~ socrotri.ry ~t once to .-)t . :-•otcr sb,lrg, no t\i"t you c5'.n oc r 1Jlie1red; aml no hppo to luivo th<., i>l,i1.-1.~u1·e of see i ng you hc:ro qui t o soim. I will no t bo hero muiJ}~ l o06cr ; but , i f yon wr iio t hnt you will be here fJOon, I will ;'-m.:.t :for 'JOl,. ver y t r nly your$ , ..,· ,,. , · r, . ~.> . tfo.!3ubl,rno . Hon. C. M. Ol sy , Ui n i!ltor , St . :-'et crf'bur g . ,..,,;,pr-::, J..1 . ... J..J ..1 ,, • --..., J1 . L:... ) · I I O ., l UI:1ula "' ' , UO " ., ,,0 1 ,. ,. b er 11 , 1871 .,cp"m'J't . . • 1,!Y Dr~A."1 FB I 'ND : J . U . .Roa.via~ Lsq . , of St . Loui s! 7:ho i fl a ve r y clever fellow, and now al1oui lu.uJ...-2.tm about tho s eotion oi .llorace Greeley to t he Pr41l, Sitl ency 1 informs me t hat you llavo consented t o daliver an addreea in Gt . Lou1s 1 e&rl y in Octobar , favorable to t he ol ai ms of ·;r. G. I am gr ati f.1.od to· hot.tr t his . !Ir . Q. i s an honest man; and , i f he c<)ul d go in on t he one - ter m pr i nc i ple,would �make an excel lent, r r os i di,ni • . Uy idoa , however, i s t~ gc~ t~l oa.r of Gr ant an..l a s t a t esma.J:i ( i f there aro any left ) 1n ln s ot ead; and it do n t matter mu.eh whioh aide he comes from, ~o that he i A a . ~tatoanian and a paidi.ot. Uy opinion i ~ that Gr ant will be r e-nominated by tho Bopublican Convent.ion ; and t ho only way to defeat him i n ior wt tbe Democracy to unite upon 'a Libor al Repub1ican as their candidat e, a s you1:solf , Or a t z Brown , .Tudge Ohaso . O. H. Bro\'?ning , Char les F ,..u,;.u.·s Adams or some su.•e h man! · i rown would b,c a veriv- strong man. II-i s r ecord i9 a good one , and ho i ~. a great f , vorita wi,~h t ho Gorman element of t he ontir~ .country; and 1 1n clos e contes t , tlas clement would hold tll& l,a1ttnoo of power . l:.J Graiz is also strong.iu .tJlut f&U. that ho headed tlle Liberal RepublioEt.n bolt in TUssouri l ast yoa~r - and , \"Tith t he aid of Senator Schurz, oarr.ied tha St at e by 4D, rn~0 maj or i ty. Of c ourse, t ho De.moc:r.-aoy supported him very cheerfully , and would do so ~ain; by ksll~illlI.i~ tlle contest 1n Mi ssouri of l ast year to tlie tlation,al thea'to?'., Biso~ur; would g ive a maj9rity of . 1(?01000 vote~ against Gra.Jnt. But it is not merely to win a part1zan victory t hat I prefer t o 1eeo t ho Democracy nonu.na\e or aQ1!l)!, a Liberal Republioan a o their 10.a der i n t 1le oontos t of I8'72 . - - such a line of pol i cy would sett:J.e f i nally all quest i ons growiM out of our civil. war, ana woul d ql;lio t that distru~t which many feel about certain to power. · r iu1.cti.onatI movftwm..t 11 1n the event that t he Domoeraoy wore r estored Now, if :you agr e o with toe i n these vie~vs, you mi ght very well, whilst ad,-ocat1Jl6 tnc cla ims of your fr ion~ G't"e~loy, }?.Ut in a p~,..a~ ,~ or .!.l!q urgl~ Lbe i:mportanoo ol gcttire el&ar 'lf Gr ant; 6Ild ~ha.t , i f un 05tvn tllY the Republ icans 'snoulcl nominate. him ~ain instead o r ee cy or s omo ~iuoh man ) , t he Democracy would act w'isely t o select a Liber a l Bepubl ioan as thoir ~.andi da.te ...- Bro\7n, Chas Oharles F . Adame--and who v,ould be sure to win. 3uoh sentiments ve-r,y B phat .~ ally mr...e,.ru,.e.d would not .atl...i:Qll ~ in St. Louis 'rhe truth 1s , ~'"lr t io~ aro pretty .much bro1eo.n up now, any way; tmd 1 should have no ob,1eotionto nee an old-fashioned mveep- t1t ake r aeo 'in I87~!l somew-hat aftor the fashion of tho Presidontinl race of 1024., I th nk it would roliove the c oun,try, artd give .ni.any good mon a ohancoi who /"nave, .by t he weight of p,Artyl boon kGpt in thfl back-ground. .1. shall 1 "'pr obabl~, meet you at St. Lou s . By' ·the w~, Ro~vi s i s anxio1;ts to get a copy of your 41 Life and Writings: -Ii YQU have a, spare copy plaa ao s end it to him, dir ected to St. Louis. r rosent my· ktnd rognr!s to lrs. Olay and fam1ly, and believe me , very truly yours, 11 James S. Hollins~ Edi tor•.s Offioe Qf t lle 11 Dtm, " New York , Feb. 23 , 1872 . . 11y Dear Str; - I have re<?ei ved youl" note of tho 16th i nst a.nt, and have road 1t w71th groat 1nt er est. 1 am glad to soc that you t ak~ ~o a~1eoring a vie'"1 a f t ho Bi tnat-1 oni. an.d I trust that your antun pa.~1.ons ma.1-. not pro,ya ar roneoup i ·;. am ·t·h ankful for your ex I?res s'.lons of x1ndnoss toi;1ar d mysel1 •••••• · •• '-7 �fer ioe- ·re i nt . or idabl0 andi at; c ill be. ·looted H. G. mens bu ·inas -. I or for ent , I thin and, as t ·o c~. o looks no, for e .econd pl aoo on fully, • Da a • • U. • enate Chamber , f ashington, y ._ , 1874. on. • ' · Clay-Dear ir: -- I as al>. ent fr om - ashington then your letter of t e 15th arrived here , nd. nn.1. t s y to you liow much grf tlf e I am to r oaivo uoh expr .c~sion~ of a · proval . ro you . r:•he i e a i n r e ard to h · o.b o i ff rad s ve had a terr i'ble solut ion. an o not to be rt~oo -• iz · i he faots which no confront us . I am most glad to lmow ht a mt:.n of your ocid d and iniopandent vie s h· ~ r _ched he same oonolu i on as s lf i ree rd to· the inevit able te.nd0no1es of 01 r govcarnment a at pre~ont 1n1st ,re ~·o far as I • t prosont jud , o, he tide of publ ic . tlm nt , ets .tropgly in op~oeitlon to tbe ourse o ct·on h'c s produoed suoh a condition of affairs ns , e now wi tno s i r Loui .,.iana , South Oaralin.a, nd ot her of t ho outhorn St .tee. a.n which is a blot u on the vory name o · emiblioan rule, and a disgrace to our ccuntry d t e age of pro osad uivilizntion of which we &re so prone to bo t 1 I , witli muoh ro eot, yo r obedient sarv nt . · · ~ L T o•. !, • ay. rd • . o. Hon . -C . ! . Olay-- Dear f i r:--Having been ab ent from Oolumb1s fot more than t o oeks, it Jae not ,mtil y~ ster y _h t I :roceiv d-- · n my . il . for~ar ed to a hero-- . our kind d rest~ng let er o · the 1n ~ s1.ant, I t ·. yo • heartily or · t, much ) at i ied 1.o know t hat my ~ nsi i olo. s o ch e . tl1e , .vrov 1 of our judgment . I qui ,. agree with you t hat the gre t est question before the Ainor·oan p o le · i ~: d Can ,ye pre erve our mixe fol'l':1 oi overn:mont i n its into~~ y?t Compared 1th that, all other gµest ons are •opbomera.l . I had not1oed t he ~rtiole in the Om!J oial t1iat you ere klnd onoug:h to send me , an~ ~ad read it i11 th mucl in. erost . You . aro qui to r ~ ht in your p . p1r on th t ·Grant has not 1ven np tho 1 e of a third t rm. He · 1q a n who believos i n hi doa 'ny, or, as ho oall it , 1 .J.ru:.k. e i firmly convincod that h' · s tho most opµl ar in tho Ilopublio, nd that .no other , 1-m of his p rty c olooted. I hope t~t ere lor 1 may ve t · lea, ur c of maki • - your 1 ntanoo; ,, d, ·n the meaiti e P r t,onal ao t ha t I may hear f rom you a~ often s our l 1su1te •a e i . ' · 1th rrant r . oot, 1 am, ver y tni y • o r obec io t erv t, 1 A. • hunna • �--- The death of Wendell Phillips, which occurred early in 1884, occasioned my production of the follo~ing, whioh appeared in the C!Lmm~x:oia1=G·a i1tt1, of February I4 :A of that Jear: • 1! DELL PHILLI 1.) • o vendell Phillips, tben you i g lawyer, first cons iouously identifio himself vith t e anti-sl av ry movement at a eeti:w; held i n Boston 1Deo'r 8,I83?iat the old Court House,-- Faneuil· Hal1 having be n askea for, and re,1usad , to a 11 eti tion headed by Rev. flm. E. ., Channing.\--to onsider t e ire mst .nces attending the death of r. LovejoJ. · · Greeley's American Conflict , vol.l, .I42. H. on /4 /, -· "1The man dies, but his memory lives." This a othagm ·ra~s interest from the great man who uttered it, andbthe great aause in vrhich it ias uttered. An ·his memory of m· n is a large :part of the Di vine system of mor 1 ov ·rnment, wh1<1h i n as certain nni a fixed .,; in its laws as hose of phy ics . To honor the illustrious dead ia not. only a pJeas\1re, but ouo -0f the highest duties whicJ;i ~e. owe to 001ety. Th1s wide- pread roverenc~. wh~_c h the whole c1v1l1zed world is paying spontaneously to endell r n1ll1ps, hos that hews one . of t he aroos of our race As his c0tempo:rary . d oadjutor in the case of emancip tion, , ---- A. Li Y. to t he An.nivorsary o.f t e Kidn · · ing of Sim • WHITE RALL, P. 0. 1 Madison Co .~ Ky.) Apri-1 5th, 1802. - ) Dear 3ir:· Your lotter of the 5tb ultimo, inviting me on t e p rt of ' the V~ il ... nae ~ommi ttee - of Bot.t9n,,_ to :be P!esant an~ add!ess t he C-onven.t1on who ,111 commemorate 1tn a ro r1ate . rv100 1n Tremont Temple, the 12th day of April--t at on w 1,c h 'I' , om.as Sims was sent back into lavery, under the Fugitive Slave Law of I85O--was to day received, and r hasten to reply. I recai ve this invitation, , hich ciroums.tanoes will not ,llow me to· accept, as a very di$ti~tshed honor 1 . 4f wnich 1 am tO\lt-i to wake public avpwal; flnd w1 th felHuigs of ra111f1oat1on oecau e 1 t v,11 1 allt>W me wi tnout the im utation of egot: sm, to enter my protest as an Alllerioan citi.M¥~%d.B.aJlliii.n against that most attrocious of all human laws! rfhen I h •.. d the lionor to make the can canvass last summer, u on the sole basis of the constitutional overthro1 of sl~very in Kentucey, I separated from some of my ables t and longtps. t-tr 10d ersonal friends, upon t he 1 ue of making thi~ l a a paft of the basi of_ t ho move .ent; it being generally conceded that 1!1{ .vote or ·overnorwould be run u · to twenty thousana •Jithout op os 1 ,1on to the law, rhllst I would not get as many hundreds by M , the o po site course. I cut tho matter short · by saying much as �~--I hated sla very , I hl;ited t]m~ law st i ll more! And now, a ft er all tho ar gument which t1mc- s orv1~ ~1t at o~ on and canting c lergymen and a mercenary press h~vo been able to advance~ and the oxporionoe of noar b10 years ' a.otion of strife a:i:~d bloodsned ~nd' qon~tlllQ..t.i..tt !xeasf ,' I am o f the samu O"iJini on. ·~ · • ·inheri tod slaver y-.:.wo made the l aw! The Cons ti tut ion. of t he United States •" fith sighs ruid tears t ook qlavel"y into embraoo-bol+eving 1. _ut our ind~pondonco cmildr only thus be sec1u-Hd . But t he · Fttltive Sl a·ve Law, b!go. t ,ton i n lust of vow-er,. ~efied all shame and ·f. ,.{3 f. l'.t)S'~ect f Yfe a.dm1ro,._ 011rtfa the:rs Qf 76-1!. whil.at we hatetli tho deed?-• . ti Wl ths and 1ng a 11 --my Curls 1an Ohal" 1 ty_, W.aen 100Jc upon 0 Fugitive, 8la:v.e Law 7 1 oa1u1ot but avow tna.t I hate t he a.eod and, Urn D81"J)et•ators ! I hate ther.2 bec~use t ~e~ con1(},md all mor~l cii s t1no- . t iona--calli.ng ovil good and good evil. --beoau~a t hey d1d an atrocity of .euoh m~ni tu~o 1tpon tb.o br sost and mo~1t ~elf Lh 111ot1:yo~; but p.bove alli I ba te them beoa.uso of thoiJ.' smooth-faced , h:y:poor1 t 10 11 J cant; t~ bil was pa.stied u nd er t ho pr e t <utco of nreservlne; 1nviol t1-: the Oonst-itution, 3ndi , a.s a consaquenoo, tlle Uni on of th0se St ates! Now, M'r . Mason of t he Vir g ~nia, school of atriot const,ructioni.st s , i~s a~thor 1 kaows; i.i.nd Dani.el , ebstor , t he expounder of t1le cons t1t.ut1ont• and t het'Union Safety Comnn tteo 1tno,1; and overy man of common s en~e 'knows, t hat tho power .:,f deli voring \1.p . . b'w?itives from !l 0l"'fice ~ i~ g:ranted t he St a tos a~ so,·ere io,,., only , and tliat Congress h~s no power what av~r, not th.e tal1ghte,~,. . to Dass any such law. · This 1.s no_t ~he ~ l ace t or argu!Jlen ~ bt1l' s,uup 1y s'ta temen"t of op1n1on. If this Y;i1on Ph?ll ever be hatoti , ; hat . l awd., ~ill c\luse it _t ,;1 b9 1mtod1 · If t ria.s Union shall ever be ~1 sso,l ve that J,.aw ;,i ll be 1 ts dt1a1,h-blow ~nd oau..se of t1i s sol ution. So, t hai:.1 1 w&re r an abolitionist of tho diRUnion school, l shoul not on tr..e 12th, wear saokloth and ashes but e;rea.t ly rejoice tha~ go,oa. was be ing O!O~V~d out ~f ey-ill i n deotroying 1orevor that htoocl'1 tloal. oant of 1)011 t1c.u ms and pr18s ~s, wh.o oan H 0 pray for all tlioatroclti.es of ~lavory, 9n aocon~t of t ho glorious 'blcns tngs of freedom whio:h the Oonsi1'tut1on prom1iios t o t1'1e dovmtroddon ~tions, whon the1y ~re noi'7 fonnd i n t he petont seoundrolism ....-of· tra:rnpll.DfJ that Constit:ut1on undor foot , in bnne submi nsion to tho sl aver-ty-ran"s of t he nat i on! But es I run -really a Union roan, and for ~-ubroi sr: ion p~~nioally to the. l aws , I rogrot the pas:mee of that la,v for the Union s sake; and ffh1ls t, on t he one ha.nu, !-lS I ::<n ov,od to Kentuclg, .all earth could not ~~a me aflsist iJJ, t he excc1.1t!on of t ha~ misnomor, so, e>n the other LU_Ulcl , I oannot e1ve my tJanct1on t o a violent r on1stanoe of l aws, wlnl e ou t bo Rt a tuo bo.okl· and not yat by t he proper co,1rts -, d0olare~t nul l and u aconeti tuti.ona • · t adds to rny regJ;et, a.t not beirig presont on t he 12t h t hat I sha 1 mi ss the occas i on. of honri~ tne true Chris t ian and W:Ul i Theo~ore .Par ker; and that I shall be unable to meltnor aonally that dist~ncu.uihad band of mon r,nd women who oonatitute t he ·Amer ican abol1t Jon par ty--l7h~s~ motiyoa . 1 have on all propor oocanions, r~t grea~ por ~omil . sacr~f100 , vu1d1c,~ted . To you .comes no rewa rd •of earth; not 1,n 1.ho ~001a~ ~1rc le, not ~f £;Old , not tho pleasnres of s cnmmlism, ~owetrftl' muct.h ~ur 1f 1ed in the f ine a nd pl astic arts in mus io a nd in poo. y; no tne '{'OWer of :pl a oe, whf)re runbi tion grov1s immorta l ln a~h1evem~nt 1 c~rr111g not 11.bethe:r of good0 l.at of evil; not of f~me t o live i n sio~1ed ur1:1 9r ani;natetl bu,st ,fsf'ruggling over fo-r t he true nnd mor<?1f~1l; g 1v1ng u~ranoo e t all h a-znrtls to the voiott_Joss woe of t he m1ll1~no., who _0~ s0 haye _n.o u~vocata · i¼t l1ero be Oil oartb any r ecept acle of tnat cl1·vlne sprr.1t wlnch God to 1r.an t hroulJ}1 man 1 �-WIr avoal s , ar e y-0u not t he prient s ? You are the avenger s ! and th~~ .,. Webater cr y peace , :ind 't hough fni t11l ~s s mlnist-ar s cry poaoe, arla though t he press cr;es J?ea:oe ; tho~h al l t he or1r th ory peace; and ev ,e oven thouffh t he Un1on ol:if ety C01um1tteo" :Jry peaoe·r thor e shall be no p~ace t i ll just i ce bo n9 longor " comp-romi~Hii O • To this libertycanting poople, of a.11 ni~t1on s t he most oppressive . tha t God, ,1hose 1' artn l s not snort enod II and whos-0 ears ar e never ,~losec.l to the 11 - noor and feeble 11ho cail .arolm,.. . ..- 1t s, north and South, ' : ' ,, ~ ' for help, ?ha.11 1 t h:rouch many bravo spir- .. . . . - cv◄ar thundvr into ...h& ear s of tyru.nts--march ., ~·, rorever . 1Ul1.ll 1llii. .ll.11.A l u .la l 0OS§li, Md _ 1ave t ho honor to be r Yo,tr obethent servant,. ill · 0. AI. ula.y . Jfondell. Phillips . · · 0hai rrnan ot Sub -Co1rim:.i tte~ ,&~1 .t>ortt on . I may bo allowed t o thro,i, JJ!J bou~ot of inooo:rtellas unon llio r evered tomb,.. though it bo but ~n hnmblo trnw.te of ways1de flowers li ttl e 1ror tny of 11oiioo ~ong m;ore magni f i c ent o:ffer i pgs . 'l'i:1ough abou t t he eame aqe o:t. Phi llips ~ I began soonel" thtm. he i ha ant.1- sla:ver y war . l. hearu Wi lliam Lloya Ga:rr1s on in 1831, tn rlew Bavep, when Al,ol i tic;,nism WtlS . t r easo1~ 1, a1ld. COlIIJ!lit t ed ~ sol! 1.~ tho, holy oauRa of . un1versal l 19ar t.y 1n ID;( ora t1on1 <lol1vcr o~ 1n 1832 , the oonterun al year of uashuigt.on' s b 1r t h , i H t ho same ~ 1 ty. And so I have. knovm a.nd heard Phillips of t in and have him beforpF1e in ~11 hi e.; pr1l:~1ant 9a r eer. 'rr\l..t . l n tfae-~roµn · ion no ; on vf alJ.. real: · ~app1ne.ss 1 t). our e@.rt.tl y .car eer , -ou hj bai ic o all elo<1u0nce . It J.S 1a n1i sfQrtune.._ Usen:,. . J. :a thods-vBtems o rel i.a.io.o.._ t any error uas ~nt ere<.l or L'f en 11w.1nta1ne as a ne<> ea. prnp t v vt ~t we all c~n soe 1.n tha mai n i s e;oo<1 . Again , it i s a mi s f ortune hat ther e has been s o little kno,m and t aught about the u.nitI of the h1tel"loot , and t hat lho obsoure and misleaiitng doctrine oI r, Rea.d and Heart " has been u.s ()d t o di vido out, ~'.ct. i on ~. into. mi nd ~nd ~enti:meJ.:lt . when t he:y a.r e bot h t he re~mlt o.l t he aci1on. of the bra in. r ~ 1s not adnn.s aible , tbo\\+1 in a pbil osophi cal sense , to say a n.1nn' s heart i s rigbt, and his head al l wrong, or thw l'over se; fo t t rut 'h l oses much Pt and gains nothiDg by suoh mat anhorical 11tt er ancos . O ~It r was t o l ecture i n ltew Haven on one oecasi on, · unon tho Economy of Pure ·nr eeds of Live Stoock,i by the i nv·itatl on Yul e College . l had a orowd.ed hol!se , and wae r eady t o <}O1nrne~o0 , when I was tol d t ha. t Wondell Ph 1ll tps wa a about t o l>eg i n his at,cu8tomed o~lo.1.1eht 1.1pon slavery . 1 ros~ m) ~n<l asked t ho au~lencc to oxcu!cle mo, ~my1np; I Wf1nte(l to ,. hear .:"hi 111.ps; t ~ t r woul d ~asume my loct.11-r ~ next day , a.11d t, lot us go and hear h JJA .1ow . 11 Th1}, uii.s r eceived 1n g·ood part , an.Jl...»A.flll f.rot up r.n(i W$nt to hall, whor e the grant speaker lma. alroady:'\.Tpo1t liis sub j oot . 1-rhe hou se was Qron:dod.P but w1 th diff iculty I ~ t wher e of I could ace ~nd hoar him1. 1 had of~on heard bim befor e; and-rtJY r eason f or this roovcmcmt oo unusutil , r.it a$ to sho',T rJtY r esneot fo r a man who waa then the nos:! offective a<lvoeatc in .all now ~ngl and of the great Ca\lse t o whicl1 l was c.lovotini,- my life . I mention t h i s inci ont t o abow t}1at I am not 1>el1ind ~1hil1ips 1 eat ost ndmii-ors ; �rth i l s t I shall riot folloVf the,m ~.a indiscr iminate pr u.iso eYe:n. of t h<j de?.cl. . It may well be mu1d oi. hun t11at ho v1a s t ho c.•r oa t e ~ecturer ( rui orat or 1n a ne.1·row s ,e use ,) of his country·;. bl1t he wisA the mos1; eloquent man, --ho was not the er a test sp~aker . The leotul'e and the ora tion are presonte4 to t11e r.nnd for cont omplation, fo1· inatrue tion, for l)leasuro; but it doos not i.nivlu.do uot ion:.-neat and ff.OSG i ~ aoti on al so. 'llhs most 0'1,oq,1011t , tli.c grsatest ~ff:W..Ch~s 1n hist or y , i'ltrre made by J)omosthones . 'The 01·ganization of he Atllenian Democ;:raoy was the GT~at u~t f i alcl fo ':t' orat ory of tho l a tter k.ind·- -whero acti on was the thing 1n hand- - ihiat 'tre.c eyor prasented to man. . T11e t1hole · l}eopl .e were atldre~~ed in l,er non ; they had t a ,io~ as wel l as ~~01d.e . Th"' man who 0ar:riod the vlo te f or war had to l oad lhe voters ,u ms olf to war . The occasion wais grea.t, beoause tho Bepublio, though small, flifeotei t i,e Jos-:ir,iy 11ot 101 th&t s i ate 01;1J,.y 1 b·rtt of tha i7hole world • lieno•e , ·..ha ~i-eatest~ e.Loqu1euoe r oqn1re~ f1:pn. a graat br ~qn , a .ITT"eat o11ar acter und then a gto1at cau~e; and WJ.th all these , ~Ua.ta. MWU, Of thasq four ra qui sl toB i"h,i l iips 1wil t ho fi.rs t thriie;out the l ast he 1'..:1.d not , n<> r ~ ou hl 110 r1r.,vo • Phi 111IJS , as a 11 know , had a f ine _pt.es0no0 . Re vra.s •i;a.11. well-fo:rmod, \Vi t h fill int ellectual head, and ex~r essive features. Hi~ cultiv2.ti on WA-S 1)01~fect . His voioo musica.i. o.nd fruffici ent ly f lexi bl e f or its usos . Ui f! l og iH WRS his fort e. TI'hen be ~~d <'l omonstrat ecl a truth, l i ke a.11 earnest ne.turefl, he Jas i.mJ1~ti c:nt trIBt al l di'd i-1.ot n1,ove Rt onae in the th.' rect ian. ot his ~ - R~ .LI. !nd the}) 'he wou d p9ur fortb his ~ar camu aa cuttln.tt a~ a 1.i'oledq bledo . ~•his :eapor wi l l n.ot al l ow me to clwell upon nxs ue,vo_f,1on t o :pr i nciple , lns t>hil m1thropy, 11is s r,lf-sMriiice , and all tJi. at. ,But after '\Ve have ~aio. all i n h1s favor t hat can be t ruly sr,id in h it.1 favor- - loyaltY, t o the eter nal t ruths n1>0n whioh a t Thot all usefulness ca;n atana- -~~illi1,s co~ld not be the greatest and most eloqu~nt sueakor of his countr.:9.:; becaur>e he 1".P..S wrong-wrong in l1is cox:.oopt ion"' and Jlj s trea tr:i~nt of the mos t eminent premise of the :p:roblea he set himself to "'.Olve ~ llor the sl a vG he was will ing t o break 1tp the Union of tbe~e States , In t he.t he was 1nong. In that he \18.8 weak·. lAlke Achilles he had a vulner able spot· and. thoret- fore he fel l short o~ t~ highest eloquence, and failed to b~ a first- cl~ss hero ::i.mong men • . . No m..«ln ho:s boen moro sorely pre seed t:han I ia. thi s contcct bet\veen Liberty and trio Slave- r'owor; no man lms had ~eater personal prol'oca~ ion t o 1t ake \t:P hi P- hou~oheld god~ tmd.'- •• eha k lng t he du.st from lns fe• t, • go J.!l~,o ~tr angft_h mds. nnd tmis leave tn.o ronior 8el ns s slave-holcter to his at e; tnt t.lwro \'W.S a b.1.gher s an timont f han :::ie·lf- olovnt i o-n , or even of sel.t -1)rescrvatiou, which held me t o rrnr work. It we.~ t11e Union of the St a.tes and the gTnnd dasti n.y whi e'n God had alloted them. Not O Uni.on end. Sl avery/' but the Union wi t hou.t Dl uvory-- none nnd imrnpar ablo. ,. Uow ,efte~ 1 had gtvon up 15[. leeturei t o hoi:tr 1'11.illips,. when 1 liaionod t ~ ~~s lJJ'.latheuias gga.1.11.s~ t ho Union t!'.nd our father s ! felt thfl same . ~nd~ t lon tha:t I d.i.d tl{';ainat ~?.lav~ri itself . ! had U:10 graa~ast d1fi1cul ty i n rastr aining misalf from r .1.:nng 111, at hia clos1ne, . a1;m spe4k1ng_ the conscio~t1ou~ object Jions whi~h 't1f9 crn.lD~Dt thour;nt cioor8ed • . What ,,as t h o u se•, Re was doing 15'toat r ooq. i n hts own W¥-Y; and I 1¥1~ a· field i or all my efforts and rooro, 1tn t bout antaeon~zu-ig rny afllt1cs . The Ulli'3hot -'las pr oven orJtor ; because, a t tho ,l:n:·e~kl pg _out, o l}e r,far I'hi l lipd and t hat r-ohoo1 wcrr~ found . act111~ 111 lfo.ton p:r,actioa.llJ wi tfi th~ Slavs- .Po·1or •- -th1:,y by a u:i.~~olut·l on.,. to de~tr oy. Md t'he 8 outh by t he s?.me means 'L o nave , slavQry . ~ut t11os0 :roon had the �good senee nt J~ast to soQ tbe ir en~:r ~nd to j oin late in th o same common battlo f or a oorn.1llml <1a11s~. l lh1nk,,_ the:rof 9re , ~hat t ha s'Deijch§3s of Joh.Tl Ad~tn.f'! nnc'l Patri ol~ Uonl'y . :::or ~~ns,:1cm~ l nde1Jondenoe., a'.fid. Weostor's s"Qeech for the lJn1on, and , above all, L1neo1n"s spooon a t Gettysbur g for the liberty of a11 mankind , a:r r,_groater spec~hea oi ?t1ore powa.r ful olou'\t'f.in<l1e 2 thJn1 tmy utt erance of t'liil lips. or any ot her Abolit ion orato~ lhs nfier- lifo, though true t o las i cleas of phila.ntrorlly, WaH t t'\,il1Ltod vri t h the 6Blll0 (letoat 01 jud~1110nt; for wom&n ' s righ~B al}d a spu~•j ous, trt.mdulon~ :pa110;-- cur~a1:1cy a:re on a par, and , 1n ~ . J\lt'lgemen1;t woulu re~ul1, ,n $lm1lar ev1la& whioh ever come of a vi c.lat1011 of ruil u:re f s la:.iro ~nd e t er nal truths . 1l-- · O. I!. Clay. I~'lTEH F'ROM O. M. GLAY . !ho ~'ollowlng lettez• frorn O, t . Olay of· ,Y.-entueky, was handed u.s py J,1~ B1.1.rton. Tho letter· shor,s that u~:. Cl ay Rlthow~ an old m2n) s tilI '.holds mt1.ob. of t he old f i r e ·t hat me.do hb1 l..'.ll'(loua thrQUghout tht . country and plaood hta u.ame r,:,,mong tho groat and good men of the t Nat 1on: · I<ebruary 20, 1884. 1 nf Doar " ir:-- Your i~avor of the I'lth lnat., i s recivcd . I run .lltl'nt i iad t bat roy lotter h~ruiod 0 Wendell T>hil lir>~s'' i ~ t ho Qommoroial tiar·et e .J.J.~a.a Z.~f'he true luntarR Be~ · bl1oan mov~umiit, ta' 't qt Vt>'.Q. t,~1 etre tf.-e whoief so t 1~1on doI 1a t .L.ettsr. t~: 1 t !lftil · o . _e tu"t.t1 . l . 1i ' s t lie way o t e wor • '.J: o man wao kicks back l lk-Cl the mule , 'ha..s as muol1 .favor a s the ono who pulls t rulv--he hee ~tflP 'bP.-v - ...~ o~ts---:r)olition1 r,rof11rmen.t 1 Bat ao I navel· 'i'.Orked 1or of flc•i ~,J 1msi t i on, ; never ce,rad f o·r publio neglo.et , b.cd.1,ig_ content to dQ m.y d11.tty as Bur ns said of his poetry, '' ~ru11ing to a -body' s ~ol' " does we,1,1 onouc;h. Bu t i s tt 1wt str~r@ t hat t ha mon wbo in voting £or Jamet1 G. Bi mey i n I&.14:. los t Cl ajr o-.nd gn.i:rwd T~X.'lS ! o t he Un.ion $ S the 'Dem.oora t s so nr dently dmidretl, should have been regtirdeci as the fr loncl of t l\e ala vefJ. who• were (lou1,ly cJ1a.inad by annex-a t i on against Rngh md 's a llianoa. e.\nd emanoiy,q.t i on'f So, well inay wo rro.n.der at the s0 i taneobsi,;ht of the Sout;h pu+ling on.a f!FJrY a nd·· t hE> Abo1 ~-t i onif1ts tl'1e er1 o1.n hent on qcs(t -roy t ng -tho Jn}on--ono to save nnd tho other to. ho_,_d the ,1a.~es?· ihtq. t;he, !3· r ritigGst 0 1. al l i.n that wha .sa.oriflced more than any n1tu1.. l lv111fr or dcau-; to free: the rlla-o-os, should be t'O~~irdod as t110 i-r ~10st feiarful o~ein.y! ,4\ml ~? tho So.11th, ~o whose 1},e.Ln l ~rune , \Vhen \hey 'h~!d net, 1n 18&> n a1pgl D.c~oqratie St ate 1n the Union, k!ld 1or wbotm l <hd so muefi by t he Greo l ey movement• and 1.s.bo:r ( •1875) 1'11 I~i,i..iiir.i i . , 1 '· l . . . ·• ., ~, .. !3 PPl., t.i.Ill. e s ewhero :for ten moro yea:tf§ to ·.r ust oro l~10 u· ~utouurn:J in tho Stut es _..rtd equal ity l n t he lln-ion, ' nl~ardo 1no vn th abo·u. t thc1 sama hor ror us my " col orod brethr en . '' Ana yet , ryo:rhapB, I hc.:rn no raauon 1;0 doubt tL.,~t tho best J.11en of bot '. Of:rrt i ec a1J11r ·6 cir,.t o 1111y Jm tr ioi.in~JJ , and i:•i ~h ~hat . and t .10 comi~on prosoerity ~ny ono ehbul~l ho content. But I "1nt an~ed onl y . t o. ~hank you tor your Iriendly words and asm.l:tO you ot my s :1.nu~te.. ,g:t' ui 1.;tide . . • • · v ~ n • Cl ay. To J . W. Burton, Esqr. , Vfashl ngton, Indi ana . mee1bvqr o!,t!e. ti • r. 1.) (:nv-"t ,, A f .,.,_,.,.fo/"-1,,}) '/ �The discussion of t he1 r aoe-issue and the O Solid South" has fa llen i nto the hands of ill(Ienious specula tors , wit h many assumed faots and imaginary sequences. So grea t and complicated a question above all requires common sonso, a cJ oso observat ion of facts, and unobacured l ogic. The present status shows t he supremacy of t he \7hi t es i n social and pol itical rule; whilo the blacks have all the legal equality . t hat wr i t ten <rnnstitut iona1 can ae(?ure. Does intimidat i on, corrupt.ion, foroe , and fraud on tho prnrt of t he whiteo override a1 1 l ogal enfranchi sement? And, i f s o, , i s t here any remody , if deair abie , but time ? 1rhe ant agonism oi: r aces, whether arioing from " previous Bervitud~ , 1• or t he natural autipat hies of r ace, thus exhib ited , makes t he black raoe of tlile South, i ol" all pr F1otical purposes, of no force i n the State and t~ati onal el oot ions . And the ,1hite Re.publi~ans of the South allied to t ho: blaokn share the same fate . Thus, as parties now stand, t ho Denllocr ats rule t he South against black and white Bepubl ioans wl th autocra tic po\'rer. Is this t he bes t t hing possible "? Thus t ho '' Solid South, '' united to a f m1 Northe·r n States, by a minority-vote of the w~ole people, r ule. 0 0 This ,vas wr·i t t en during Cleveland's first administration. H. Is this t he best f or t he Nation ·? Vlill not a t oleration oi a minorityrule debauch the publ ic oonsoi enco, bring tho n1le of i ho majority into ooatempt, and thus self-government b0 lost ? If the ~government of the people by the peopl e for t he people O i n not donirable or possibl e, would it no t bo 'b etter to oome to the rule of an autoeraoy by more direct methods at onoe and for ever? If we are not prepared �( to go be.ck i nto t ho old worn- ou t slums of (les1)ot ism 1 what oan Aave u.s ·? Will t he superior i ncr ease by birth of t ho blacks do it ? Some yoars ago I hadl occasion to compile a. comparat ive table,, 'IV r un;ing f or a long t er m oi'. year s , shQwing t hat, as a matt er of faot, I\ the whites of th3 slave-#Sltat es increased at a grater r atio than the blaoks. 0 0 'i'he table i s l ost, but it was oonc1us i.ve i n my ju~ent. It was based on t he aotual c:ena1.1s of some St a t es--s lavo and f r eo; but other f ncts wore also rc'9riewod, changing the oonnnon dat a , suon as t he barrenness of many sl ave women, J.nd espeeiall y the emigration of tha non-alaveboldtng whites,.-•-who are fa.mod f or their nwnbor oi ct1ildreq ,-· from mostly the border t>t;ates into Ohi o, Indiana , and I l linoi s; and t he further f a.ct. that fro1m t heir poor and ina-eoes s ible homes t lljY were muoh overlooked l.ll the cennsus. whe.reas every slave was counted . , f Has that r atio been oha.ngod by the freedom of the slaves ? I t hin~ not. I know , of my oivn knowledge , from unquest i onabl e t est imony , of three children be ing killed after birth by the ir black parents in .my own neighborhood . So I nlave reason to believe t hat, by abortion before and by homicide a f:t er b irth, the increase of the blacks i n a.11 tho South has been retard.ad. f avor of t he whites. Immigrat i on to the South i a all in Again, t he n Solid South " has great t enq1t ation to make false returns of t he blaok voters--seeing- that increased numbers give increased po1l i tioal power. But, admitting the assumpt ion that t he blacks are increia.sing faster than tho whi tos ; in sp i. te of t he in.f lux of whites and t ho emigrat i on of blacks, how l ong will that s tate of a.ffairs exis t ? l~ow, t he l aw of popu.1ation and subsistence applies a.like to man and other animals; that is, population depends upon t he food: But, in the ar t ificial oivi.1ized life of man, t he willful destruotion of of'f spring, mant of shelter, clot hi ng, medicine, and proper nourishment an.d nuraing, to say noth.ing of epidemic diseasos, fal ling mostl y upon the blacks, the despotic ru1 e of the 'South wi l l fore-ver keep t he whi t es in t ho supremnoy . For it i s t he �: ( t substtatum of every peo111le that perishes fi:rst for want of 8Ubsistence . Will education be the r emedy? But who i s to put the Education, of course, gives power. n salt upon the bird's tail? 0 The editor of the Memphis Avalanche, one of 'tho most intelligent in the South, answers that .. the South rules from above, and tho Horth from below. '' That i s , i n other word·s , the whites of the South have the aacondeney, thoueh the blacks may increaso ever so much; and they intend to keep t he suprom.:~oy. They will oppose the aduoation of tho blacks as before , in slava~y. Nevertheless, the friends of equal ity before the l aw must use all t ba means--a.nd education. i s one of t he3m--v,i t h or wi t bou.t t he co- 01>oration of the oligarchy, \1s in Berea , • Kentucky, where blacks and whites ar,e educated and proteotod by tho mountain people, fl ill force succeed '? I think not. Force has beon triod;~and, like the storm in ' ;AY{t..:J\. .!ili!3 opl' s f abl e of the su:n. and t he windsA cau.sod the traveler· to bind hi s eloak the more olos ely around him--it was the chiof causo ~f s ~uthor n solidity: If t:his wa s a central det1_p,otism, thon f orce by ~nus would be the remedy. corta in.ly. :But t he disease i s too great and wldespread for suoh :remedy, and not suited to a Ropublioan form of government. The ten :vears of such attempt should warn our s_tatesmen not to attempt that -remedy again fol' t ho dissolving of the Solid South." ft What i s the true solution? The North baa tho numer.ioal majority , t ho superior educa tion, and greater wealth . She 1, too, must booome solid: She must hold t ho govor nment with no equi vooal int on t. Ha vilig .gi von the Sou th full l egal equality with the North, she must show that sho i s ttflfii.»s �!J!:1.~ ■ P' detannined to stand by andl enforce all the penal ties of i he bond . T1le South i s now vory \fell content to bury, nationally, 0 t he bloody shirt. " She i s in power. It is not tho rider of the horse who cr ies out: '' T{ido and tie;, no\V dismount, and l e t the iootman take the aadale . " Tho ambi tiotts xnon of tho South, seeing the national honors and emoluments impc,ss ible so long as the South usur ps undue p0tver and tramples upon t'be vital principles of self-gover nment--the sacred ballot, one vote , ~uid a fair oount--vdll themael ves br&ak Uij tl10 11 Solid South. 0 'l'he l>laoks mus t be divided between the northem and southern partios; that will break np tho ousta of raoe . Tha t, and t ime, will make us one• peoplo; and blot out t ho ol d Mason and Dixon's line, and all will be equal before tha law. Social equality hardly enters into tho :politiaal discussion of the race-issue. Nevertheless, it dooe di3turb legal right s . and the normal rela t i onR of the r 21cos: 0 There are two facts which, generally tm.known rutd overlooked, &re of great im1>ortance lu the cqnsiderat i on of t\e r aoe-.issue. F irs t, the raoes or nat i on.a of blaoks in. Africa are as distinct in f or m and. intelligenco as 1~he whites of ~uropo. . Oonsidel' the ?!oor& of ancient timest ~nd t he Arabs of tho late conflict in the Soudani running doYm to ihe lowes1~ type of Afrioans-Buabmen. These var i e ies of n ice, by the slave tracle, - Iiave become m9re or loss mingled in Amer ioan bJ.acks. I heve lmown myoolf , Afrioana of Oaucas1i-Ul face . and craniums as f aT remov~,d from the ordi nary Congo as tl1e first 0-l-t he white r aoo i s from thE• lowes t. 0 The other fact i s that i n a l ittle ovor a Jiali century, I halie remarked & ITT"e~t ill\P,rovemc~ni in the craniuros M<'l faoial al'}gles in · the same fam.il1es 0 1 blaoks . So, under i avorable surroundings, tho · pr-ogrest~ of r ace~ . is rapidly advnnood--centttriaa oromling into yoar:s . Thes e indisputable faots; as l believo, c~n uot be ignored in t he diacus,s ion and solution ojr the r ace-issue • .A word as to the legal right of intormarTiage. Ad.mi t tJ\.a t ther e i s u na t ur al antipa thy between the black and whi te r anes, for argument ,rs sake, i a that a reason why marriage Ahould be forbiddon? The right of unrestrained marriage is denied to the vrhi tos and blacks i n the a outh by l s.w. 'But does not every one see �( that tbe l mv i s intended t o pro t act the whi ta, and .not the bl ack r ace , and therefore i s un,equal i n its force; and , so f ar, works i n favor of caste and t he de1strnct i on of r eal ,. equality before t he lawT" The ob jeotions to suoh a 1aw is t ha t it destroys t he self-r espect of a.nd degrades t he whole bla.ck race. A wise statesman should do all thines t o cult i va te the r (ace , not t o degrade it. But I deny the r!ght of s oc t oty, o:r t he St ate, to say whom I shall or shall net marry. In t h i s sacr ed r el a tion no one can justly f orbid t he i n.1:> l i enable el emen t s of human happine~3s . But , admit tha t there i s an i nsti nctive r epugn3nce ba twe6n white s and blacks suf f i c i ant t o warran t a rest!"a?.n- ing l aw of intermarriage , then such r epugnance i s al so suf fici ent without l aw; and t herefor E, such a l aw i s needless in the main issue, whil e i n i ts degTa<ktt i on <Jf a whole r aoa it i s ~ .aft. crimi nal~ I conclude, then, all l aws 1~ecogni zing i nequality between the r aces in marr iage , in public funct i ons, in churches , in places -o i travel , in sohool s , may be safely omi tted.' As a matter of t aste or judgment, if you please, I am i n f a ~ror of pure breeds i n dome s tic animals, .a nd among t he r aces of men ; and even among_. t he \"Thi ta varieties of the racs thore i s reason to beil ieve t hat t bose varieties ar e happiest wher e i ntermarriage i s OOillf i ne(l to t he neare.s t type and clos ost affinities of r ank, educo.t i on, and s ent iment. But as a niB.tter of right, and t he grea t princ:i ples of human. oi vili za ti Q'D., I would here, . -----' as in pol itical pomir • let: all stand " EQUAL BEFORE THE LAW. " I might add .that i n J urope, where I saw several blacks and wllites i nternarried, suoh alliances being there every-where admitted by l aw, it created no sens.a t i on whatever ,. as suoh unions are so few as to cause no fe~r of any serious amal gamat i on of r aca-s, _even by t he negrophpbists·.~ �- ff Beyond all these da.t a , a:nd in a wider circle, lies the capital aRsumption that the South i r. tho superior people i n that highest development of intellect and :moral qualities--fitness t o say that the Roundhead , 01" r.ua. They Puri t an, civili zation of the North, where so much \,eight is g iven to wealth as well a s narrow views of religio~ a.nd life, caused t he Sout]b. here, as in England, to riss to :)Olitioal supremacy; and t hat, aftex· a quarter of a century in a minority and siy." exile, 11 " tho King has come to his own again," .;,.nd " come to Soma of the South ' s ancient supremacy was due, no doubt, to a broader n 1 and truer view of religion and human life, making this eHrth the arena of development and happincrns, rather tha.n the unoertain and perhaps untrue substratum and rela tions of a future ancl. unknown s t ate . Thus t ho Puri tan ideas,.( like U~e exolusi veness of the Jewish hierarohy, while, perhaps, it gave o~irtain force of character to that nation. r0palled t he sympathies of other peoples ,) excited antipathy in more liberal minds, and gave the South allies to a. large extent in the I ?forth itself. But the main c&use ojr the South's polit ical asoendency was du,, no doubt, to slavery, v,hic:h, providing for ec-0nom:ical wants , allowed the best intellect s to concentrate i n politics . 'Phis \Vas woll enough i n such a Union as ours--the 1forth playing t he part of the belly, and t he nouth the brain. But whan, as shpwn by the l ate war, tho" belly" was withdrawn, the ~1 bra iJJL " perishod . '!he f irst--Pur i tanism--is bei ng· more and more eradica tad by a wider thought in t bo New E:ngland0rn the~olves. and by t ho large emigr~tion :from other nati ons, 0spocially the G-erW!ns, whose views of life are more l iberal, and, as I think, more in aoco~dance with natural l aw. Sl avery is g one forever; and the North ancl South stand \ �---':tf ~. • at equal vantage i n t he fu ture r a.co for supr-em..,.cy: Hero , eg el sowhero. we rea't unon t ho survival of the f i tteRt, and Wij shall see what we ~ ehall aee. The equal politiea.1 and oivil rights of tho blacks being eot ablished. the least sa.id a.bout r aoe-caste , it somns to mo , the bettor·. Can an:y man t ell which of t ho wbite :races will d.ot1in.ate i n this Republic ? In a narr·cwer sphero wil1 i t be avon I"t:u·i tan or 111·;.;. Oa.vali3r ? Then vrh.v furt;her discuso thia m-tbjoat ? '11he problem will solve i t soli'; :.md, when ~~olvod, will no doubt bo woll 8olved. The attempt to oreate alarm rnbout t he incr ease , roal or imaj inary, of the blae1cs ovor t hat of t::he whiten is illusory. So l ong as t he blaoks fonn tht3 mib~tr a.tl][Jtl of society, t hey wi ll be subjoot t o the influenoas whioh limit all in.crea.oe of t ht} human f amil y , and therefor e nothing need ~ i fcal"ed 7>:f' blao1t suprema.oy . Should tho bl acks nesnme doIJ.1inat i on i.n t he f ttr .fnt--ure, 1 t will cl)me of other ea.uses than their mere nsLturnl incroaf;e; Education R.nd wealth will make them the a id·s and fal.C tors of a higher ci vili2ation--tho road we all a F.pi r e to :fol low. The d ietm<~1,i.on of t he oooiel nroblom eoom~ no ttore urgent . I s.tJ.3.nd, nl)W where I have ~t;ood all t,hese T>aet y e@~r ~- - ap;ains t all ' 1, <ilitiea.1 or aivi l ossta~· I mn for ''an open field antl. a f a.i r fight. 0 Why dis<ru.Sfl tho s ooial p:toblem at all ? Does ar.y nw.n ignore the · difference~ of ea.0}1 incli ~ridnal ? ~o rmoh groator i s the di f ference of nat iorla,1tty a.o,d o,: r~ie! They can safely ad just t hcl'lsolvee . I s t nnd as I do i n $t ock-br·eodi ng--i'or I>Ul'i ty of r aoe ; but wh.D at I would by no moans rooommo1nd tbe intemtrrr iage o! whi t ee encl bl aeks, I ,vonld stol'nl y l eave aJJ . by l a"1 to ~.ot as t he highest f r eedom end prtr i.mi t of h.JJ.ppi neas of the ind i vitlual should indica te . If thore i s any danger i n tho Nation, it i s not of consolidation of ~ooial t i es, �but of t he oentrifugal f orces, whioh mi ght ultlma:toly endanger l aw and order. l t hi nk, t hoJre for e , tha t t 'l-ie hi ghest ph1lunthi,opy, as well as the nobles t patr :lotism, st and on t he si do of Christianity, which admits and oonseoriites the brotherhood of all the r aces . 1 -+- -I- + l'tND • .fi:fE + .-1,. Extracts __!~,E:J • _____ ....._..,,.,. ..; -I -I -I -t -+ --I L!! ...,Oasslus M. Clay and th~i "ll a ska·n Purohase 11 , By Gr eoJ1_Clay , a Or nnd~on. ( Sea ttle P-ost--Inteli1gencer , June ~rl, 1909 . ) He was .born 6ct. 9 I8IO a t filii te- hall , Ky . , i n a 1·oou. jus t above the ono 1.n wh1e11 fH> dj Nl ni noty - t hToA y~n.rs l t1tet r i r.: t he hout!9 his f a t~er, G-r een C}.ay lmil t tw~l ve years bef(?re his b1rt11 ••••••• ~ •• W'n1l o r-tt Yale bo herr::r d, Wi.l l 1an T1loycl gar r 1oon srJonk on the evils of sl avery, and he wrote to bi s tr1other. 1 uarrison vo i cod t he f.eol irig th3t vras ~J.\"1,lJR :ln mo a nd a ,pre~~e<l rny scnt i r.iont s e,eainst slav-ery. " F! nrn ! a lo ool1og~ 1u~ i:~tr,.;-ncd: ~ome ~ith tl_le though tr.4 expelled f rom t he lips of Garri son 1,1.l l 1ng h1s hea rt aud began ihe battle of n~s JJ.fe. I t coat }Jim t rro 1n~nd.r.ed ~n,1 m~re 1!l a-v:es l ~f.t him by h.is fathor,,_,vho died in 1828, f ol" he :1et t hem :fro~. I t ov~~t l1im.his f ortune~ wn1ch •7a s g-roa t f or th~t clay. It cos t h1ro t he fr1endsh~p oi tho~e t e loved and t hJ~us t him into a boi l i ng cnul droa oi s tr ife t hat n.nded on ly vlitli tho fr ne .i.ng o f L},o shive)i(. But h e nEn"'er bNi.· he:1i tn.tod or loo~ed bat~k- di1ring~ t he t hrtlo- quarte1·s o f a oentury in ,rh1ah ho wa a a.b lu t o a.at ........... . 1 fhe decl aration of wal' between tho, s ta tes came aftor h<:,· had acoep'tecl t 110 mission tn Hussi a, and he wished t o joi n in i t . lle l"ea i gn od. h i s ininistry in IB6~ iu.1d tV'2. 8 t:onruli~siono<i a mnjo·r geaeral of vol unteor s¢ancl st~t i oned 111 ~aahi J¥:ton oi ty. Ile ai t er wrir d~ de~larau ip. a spooch ·,ha t ~le would l}evar dr aw h1s 8worci in ba ttle m1lBr-;s t no notrroos wore declar ad :tr.en . Tho:re s-aemed to l)o no hope of suoh action boing t aken ~lt t hat time, and e1ay res i gned his commiosion Follmvi.M this action ho was again sAl ~c ted. a$1 t he renro~onta tive of the Uu:i.tad Stat es to Hussi a ·und hel d t he _posit ion until I869 ••••••• Ho d,:i.Gd J ul;y ~.2, I903, o·:f'· old ''1{~, wor n ou t. , ~ fl A mach i ne may be af't.6r lol)e a11a r olfg-h u sage •••••••.•• His body Ti'as li t ~r a1ly cover ed with sour~ fror.i b1,J J et and knlfe wounds , t h0 result of t hEl~ many encs-otmtets i n de f onBe of his stand aga i ns t fsl:\ver y i n J•tif3 nsiL t ive l and . + t-t-t -++ :i:he SI?r i t of t h e Wair lcr t l1at r agod wi thi IL hini f ur ihreoftuarter s o f a centur v s t a yed. \"Ti t h him t o the l ar;t . ++--+ -1- +--r jfo di ed with his toe1°t h gri tted ~gai nst t he i mfvlt a bl ei s aying wi th his 1.8st breath , ·1 T wi 11 not qtn t tho figh t yot awh i e. _,, I �• ~ rald i t~ri 1 from ~e ·ngto l ,i , j• . , . . ,I ~ - on t ll e th of ....) . r o .i.nr.id[; . . . o thoe t as ho saw .it; thi~ dauntles that truth. anu nf i ing urage in ad~ooaoy o �r' at h / �--. an omnivor us re e s :. s ud nt nd �,• I !l . I j �(,-t J APP:SNDIX CASSIUS 1.C~ Y --1810-1903 I ILI'£'A rt: sri .__~S · N -- MO S~ S OF It " . Cl?.Art:IOJIT �- 7. PP~". rnL.. 0 ·.c .~SS!US 1 v t St t. ma :~lit _ I 0 -! 90 rac l, r ul 1 I t is . '1 \1 .~i.or s tht.t of::? ilc-mthro is .. ~, ounr:; m .n , lone al'!lon d o· _it i c&l l eu c r- - 184 . • & ~ _i ..... t+,rict..d ',HS t _1. c f'C le th. of ~ i -l ion , r c.i rin:_; h i fl voie. i.,_;ain . . .t r0 '\, t .. r:J. , ilL.S GO!!.l.thinc i n' · B oo i ~i on (4. '"l ,. r et ru.ti:;d, s il \lh, .,,.l\1 t t t-J'.'O i V rr . ted , n.11. ----' cours . , . .:.c r 0 0 ·t r c1 .~1 ·o:in - n •_t , un •~ soc ill d i c-t,.:.nct ion , I"', .,JO i t ic 1:1 c1~ con~ .r&tion , 'e co1_d no+, for h. invi';n _:7 ,. c i:i oe~ . ri cnd, :J. ·~ . 0 • "3 -1,urn =r: ., o ii \m,, _on l. on ~ 0,1 o ve , o s cu r r·. ti. P, .r 11- , J inc l ut'i in{S in return t,_ e , in -';L.i_ b '1arin~ ·. ciHlM_.)ions c 'tong ,. n ...;o r11rnin:-· class , ere b1.rd l : r:iore _po t~nt , -versio . ., 11 ·_ } C <J ~ • r , <.1.ll r .si!'!nntr:1 o f -t-:-of '; . l Rvn _:r , no , on. tin~ '3 f~V . oL i {; ro i r;o Y, r,1ricn , 1/ .. i_l"1 J 1 !1 i P, .., · c, lO ~Estr,nt co .., m i ties nd :-'i:!: f'. s pote 01 1; in non!'iA m.ti o)i Tfa i , P, • rnhn d s ~-))T 1r} ri--, v.:., s .•. ir: 0 ', i n _i t}l~ rJ �con, .rrm tion . '_ ,t i~ · i ff ic· cLS scrn ki _u to Jro_ it b:- t -"or h~ h . enou 1 ;no r o. e~Fncip&~ io n sorn0 af.,ar . " ,i □- .::m · H , .. ~, 'l. c )O li a t i on of u i c J norn , ,.-r.ic}· h, ..n .\/ mn t b :' r::'e i ,e '.) , nd v lu 0 1 fri Jn i=uips, °1:hich 1P- ht. d !.' : t · ,r,o vnn on . ·_:: r, t o:: t s Jr.mt 0 thn ei ftP. _ 7foi-rr O_ JrsR t . r , ..., £J bu., so on r., nt of CU YT 00 db-,:_;e , 1..m e r 1c:.l l I'} l,,nts , 0 t UJOTI t . b r ol d S .a o_' Gi r e 1r1s Jr,nc ., , bu , 11. ) .c.:.f:.l_~ in O .,_)DOS i .,j on to 1i : OY n ~ entuc :-J . •1 .:encP.., ns t ·b · :c-:. ,d Hnc1 srn-:i:::.:neci. , 11 Js t ab lis: c .ris nb _i c . d. strnc u r , er m cruGb. t ,3 i r t •r t ugo i t -, } ,-,-r _. ...... • ohos ll ,,i c:.,1_zr r ,nonnc1in[; c a l c c ' .,..,o ~ _j I, dL, B __v., h , n11,~+; <! T.. riob , \J ,Y.int: ,on , t· t1i Anc fP.ot, i , l nnc0 rm - brntt;.l f re;, . ' 1 f>1• - ' t.;n .,, J ~ 7 : ., - . , , 1-,., ., J"' ( , tto t e o r to �i · - ) ~Llll ro in~ o ~1; ·I -- f; e __ e ric un o::'ice \, ;lile +, 10 o i , or li.:,.. dl nu ronAl:'" sic o t u:, , E nrt P.r:mt th?} sl v ,, sth ,e . rec ov n_ :- : .:: . 1,l a~ mi sc i._cul l.i. nd , f or ~ ' .} f'r on '1 · s i 1 css , .na. J ron ... t J Pn d. corn , :. , stil l Ern•n(: =:, i vf!d . nnts r -R e ri s -f;r:A Ill II ccn,c u,nc to i s ·n , a s ,n:=; ~-t i .. e 01 o-!' ,t; ••• ,'l. i of J hC +-, • ' ~~ i a, \,.'.".S , s,,n e in . ~ .;>:ico . En h,•i t;or ' s l on ,- ,,. i + r ,c;nli,rl~ -+;il __ i t-n .L f.J ...1.J.. , • +- ,,r,.f3 _i 1:1 11:- "isccn-'; i nue'. , 1r:.n...:,,.¢•#-lin .r. :.·io r S1iCC,S'3 0r \'if i r,t , i s ~.r;n· t 1n:s ::"ran i :, ).1 C! . ~ tu. -o 1p• ,., . , ,.., "'""v- int nd0 ~ .stub _i he • 111 t i n ~P.Ci. ll, □ in - ~ r" nnb 1~ ,,. , ..... _ i s-to 0 _ Ari ,.,.l.1.,-·~ J • t-.t . i,:vi ,rican . u rr inc t 1 •• n, ' '":J c :-~,:.ti 11cl . . 1 tho u s n fiv,) h.un ."'!'flc cl...;_ l,YS , )ri ne1in:_· o:fi c~ , n .: · h·, . n.irl. -+; o DO -';;: U i.~·..,''1S ul \i ,re,'', ,r b:"" -,r h otJnr r1.. i st inc ti v.. Q., . ~. 1 Of">Il ':.O r.vo s. ·t Ad -: · n (_ rnf' .... i n of c i il fat I· on --:n r t·. �t: e ""' rJ ,n.o □ O- f'u t:.1.e _ r u ,. vi d :.. cn ,eel J_...,- &n( estub 1 ic:•. - is ntn1c;r,• e , ,,hi c:. s Jla:r . /- . s .:..us 1 1!1e , t J~ of t:.e :ni .n li.~e . o ,: o_ ii t; h '1 re .:_l l ,1· c; r .....+, :.Ut;ors t.n~l c-;tutiasoEm re vi ,, 8~ -t;Le \11o le lie cr:-r, Jr t ceor• nr7 ., t.. ,t rson , r ,llOhW1et :1.. c ~o -!;J.,1i cidi tor of ,}1 "J mm ·ision . Lu 1.:.. ;v · '01 ri~ - Jo1 rnal . 1~:!.. ti t.,: • .,r. '.H fl searc - J J" r •-~ , ..:-re0uc t , r.:ti.:..•, s· .ort.. .. :-r c..::t ,r , -l it one, . aw ch""rn.c., ,r 0\ i ...•JJ- o t l l. o _• , :" ,i rl :o oven~ f..n insult, t n:' ,(~ 1..•1 _:r r_uic r ,RS , ,.___ ,n rous . : i n.~ , ,.~u i c - t() :"ors .:. , ' t a \JT O 'iii s l n,~ lr- no._., r.•wr' . in ,ru,t .v ,r . ,)H~tr n-t, of .. u , h Hil ,ed , tnt t.cle his ]Lt;; UhS ~:.ro,,n . . O~S•'FSS ,t of - �,i l ·.,:.ic_ ·,onl c1 hro ~-:: r.o o b .,~nc _n , i,b:n 01:ce he .... r:t bi r: htr:'1 t o o ,s ctr1 ~, . . _ea. ,re in,:u ~ 1itor , Jo_i ,ici 1 n , a ir.. -'-, - n, 11 \1 }in 1,\J en ori 1,,, i :r..,eres, . . c;h SJi C 11 J&rons . ... tz Von :Lrl c::ii:r..!. /ff .. dn .. ~lf t·rone:out ~ e 5_ ~ orfled i 1, up rb s con ~r~ . ? nr t nf ~ir -t ,·m t: r' o _. st in i cL c lin11 a " HL :..,eniuo , i1 . n contrr:idictor:, . ' ,;' t ' i:?: " ' e ,,a CJ f f o r 'nd cri , i ce•_ J:e \ 16.S of h hn OM i c:1i_ ti 0 f' unlt . ';here \",[. ,) \la.f' IlP.'Vf}Y [~ n ._01rn to ·. _t.:n l t , ::-r .n tuc r it_ n _i ~,, } ir'.l . u stu rl.. nt of 1 · -::n -.n.~ fr Jin ,· o±' , r· c e , ,;_.-i 1,orln ;,.1.s ye 17 q-:,b ritn , sor:io~ i t.n:, j st ire trut. ~ .so to · f n 1 t , . n1 e:rous r 'h. . d •, r , } t ,:i ":h • • \, .o ·- C .q P ,rio 1 rnd �I .+ . _::lO - l -,lC r on c;1 ; on . li on fl. ~t r ,n, ~ 0 ,1 O.!. ttin ln ns n ~:; . :: t J(. ,n c 0 rn1onc 'is T'l " ·-no.onb,., :2.:7 . t: 11 T--i ,, l, .:J'. :l o:f' _ov b l e <:rn.li t;· :; Lr, , · ciitn "3:XC9n , r i ci-!;i .,r, . C .scr ih•', rl tr, ., l t s ., ' 'ds :po .mr i n 4:io .,ar, , , 1 '1f3S sine, _ 7 · • \,, r- c i unt , 1. . o n ,.,. nr d.i:-:•P.c, . 1 J i s 1 ciS ,r.o 1 1._ ,n . : . ..., re , ivil . a r , 1 , lis, .nnfi to ~hn .=i_oqn nc e , n o t ione.l :rnu 4i h b n ci once · n Lho_i t ion · ut , lit l'.1, of .J illhi11 !, __ o:rr tt. r inr; ";o ..on ,ncl7 , hA p lun_;e1 i n1;o Jo li tics; ont : i n Cc,;.r:_1t..i 0 r._ .._)i t ;,'t, rn r 1; n~. = in~ I o J_iq . ons an'1 incie : :-i ,n'.'lonc of : i c _i_r . . 1.... 11 ap r , h i. Cbnno en i L • ltil''" • .. en · .d ,::..n ';r cli 1 :. r )n loors , h"'hin d. ,,i th a so l .i8r oi i. \ S uO 1:o df:l~ror._:· , .S . . ti - El u:er~7 ,LicJ. \/=-ir, ~-e~ico, o to Cl 18A i.., s, .orrt b:· , ic ne i...,h ors . ' tl 1 (1 in ri-.ce o:... ~- o ._1o li t ic L D,CIURA tL, ... r P.. ,ntt ,i o 1:a ' • ri can , 'n ;_1cTJ 'il ,rt, ,,., s ,.ur lo de n ~o tl_r.i r-m::rn . . . c . c i i,n c, ., c1 , s-: Y,as :'or ,i i'i o d \ :'.. uJ a, vanc rn .n~ •• r!J, lie s . ::-Ii. 1. . rr.ii'e ; n ~.i s t o ,t - lc-.J rev o rc rs : ie rr o n A of ' t} _)O li 1;i c, 1.t n , · ;qr �; • . *0J•Jn1'l.ix -... 7 Bi s occnn~ric i 1;i1; s 3".ir.rtled d isro__;r~rcl o f -'_; }:,:1 c0u:rt o f +;j1e Czs.r \, i t:r. h i f' onn roccJ.lls t hiJ il'!l o rtanc c o'!' our 9°ti r11101;t,,1 • .!hen d i :>lOI'!lf!tic rell.ti ons i1:.tt. ~1.HHJi n. au rinc the Civil .i' o.r , t:.is ,•. 1- hor:1e . h0\10-vcr , nu rinr; 186f' .; se rvin~ w:, still a f oYCA ,.na. a nn.jo r - ~cnnr c.l o"!: vo l nntt'l o r fl . .~ftnr the ,,nr hn I 18 63 , ns not to he l'!leo.sured e7{actly ht im:r tiPJ.e i n ·rer..tucJ:-y politics . Ye+, to thn 1: st 110 l:i:• in his ' crts tle ' rlnfihnt un+; il r]e a.th b rou'"'":rt, I)lticidi t:r t o a 1:1Cl""itle thn-+; n·":-vnr conlr! bP. h~rnensed . '"' h e l:13\I YorJr Sun - - 1 903 ; ·• ;:e ·,1c.f3 tri.O l a st but ho l i ''T•Jd hin liff'l , i'ierce , Il'~ o-: 1,hi) \,i ~11011 t ~omuns , indoni t able , f" .:_) hrale l . i'm essenth,.lly :':ns potic c :u.rF.ctn r , ,r:!10 :'ons-h+; :'or fread.or'.i . ·1 n Cl h:- ac11iev c c1 . -:;rnu.1,t':r IJTOminence in diplonc.t ic hHd hAr sh,~re of !liplo nat:=i , 1m t th0.r0. l..rn no such l .ist i n t; acconntfJ to -:; hB ir service b.S t}m '.i \i!'l.icl-. i s c.s:~ociated ,,i tl: the rn r1e o f Cl ay . It ,,as lc,,,r;:;el;- 1;hrou;;}1 his i n :'lnAnco at ..,i10 cou :r\f'1 o~ ",h8 11 �) u1:1.s un i r1Ar,l r1inistµ,r . " Col • ./illii rj C. :? . "'.3rcc1,.nnridcc , '1 SilYP.r ...,on::;ufld On,tor , " . of thP. South , ConfirP.ssmm, Confcdcnctn 8,,l<U,ir , Lnil ed.i tor , o f :r.oxin :;ton , .....y . , 1 903 ; manhood . :.i:.n intell,~o >; :ri,J in.r, Yi [;ourous , (1i:r,1 c t , .:.1 0i7vr:ful . :'.:t \1he ani c01:ntr:· ....of hci ,,ill !le i thor bn :f'orGot,ti:m n c r \,ill h i n d·,ec1e pt1rrn frcri -f,ho nonor:· o:: r.lc.1.n ." M ... B 1-c.:;pr,nmt ly no ~},in ':: in :1i r; fantecc donts , 9'1uf t i cn hnfi ,,n,•ironrJen~n -1;: ...t in hi:--: blo,~d , i1: h i !'l t e;t.:~e i.n:• j_n+,inctt:.or1 o:-· tJw c&.ren r ' It i B t1 t:,,-i Du!'iic (_,._m-1.lit:· of thir dfH c\. citizen �) l oyt.l t :r ~;o i.i s convict i or.8 ov~r ~~ t.J"_(1 hiG e;ountcP. in I'lf·inthini n:;; tb.t th~ d ebr i s bn~ scdi Mnn~ o f t ~na . ,,hn h1 convincntl Col , , • , ""enn. - - lPAl . ~ .l\ G .. ,,.1 14.., rr ,...., ~.l -J... , -n-ush;rilln f c 1~ . ,- UJ;n_, '' - - !lA l: .. ~; . ~s ,_ nn ·vv~ec f-r Jenoc r ~tic i d.Acts of sov,~!"nT':lnnt ; hnd indul,:;es in ni' ro1}rt:tf3 ovey thn 8 lend-id. m rner �I i n t, t I. I P. -i ,,. j ·~ - " -:ci c n:..6 4;h:ro\. t~·.,1: honor? :or con-v i e tion ' ~ st:t)"n . �I •I ,.,rofrHrnor : • .: . "3linn , in , l!!»oli tic:a:i.. -0coll~ct ions ' n 1 - - 1 r~o ; :n c o1m":; :.n~· 01•,-, r tL,) llnro rn o~ the J:.:.ne-i;, e enth c.;nt;ur: ' , J?0'1t•:ri t :r \ ✓ ill n ot fo-Y ::;nt t:.e ni.r19 of Ch s s in s ::. Cluy . &11 those , in :701.m._; r.11Lnhooa. he: lr id. h l l n_r,o'.!: the l:l t;er of e1.ut,~, i.nd at rio-ti srr , L,1,i cons(') cru~o·:1 his lifo 1; 0 fr nfldon . ,, frori , , n•1 tlt1 : i<Hi. , l l. i "'..is cvnvnni,ionuli ~,i ,1s . .m' i l, \ .hf- :::.o c,ME:..11 " ·:..1n~uc r:1 :· )ur so il , toe , hLP sivan l i r t ;, to ,. fl, _;c i_, co lit; , l A 1rr.o·,1r. ; u1os0. n ,~o , :.2.2. l ~ye ,,hen ::-""in:.s urfl :~riv t1n , .d.n .i ~:rrt...11~Jf1 ..?,1:r-:~r.:_ , prurl tr:J.oir ~, : ..ronr: . .. }1en u l l i,,1rc Gnr:.1· in fl l t ir.-1r~• ' s s l o11c;L , .• hht hevo .j,) Oint0. :.'l ou ~ the ,,h~ " ~-O lr.i ~ -1,:-'e v,mnt;::.n:::; ~:Tr._.ntr; J. c,, , .i.n 1 rt~i nn ~ -1;};,ri :'.'os-'; !'1,+,o rri~.:. lio1'.s - - Cltt:r . � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clay, Cassius M. Collection Subject The topic of the resource Clay, Cassius Marcellus, 1810-1903. Description An account of the resource This is an artificial collection brought together from several different sources. The bulk of the material is in scrapbook form. These were put together by C.M. Clay and cover several different subjects. They include many clippings about C.M. Clay or articles and editorial comments that were published in newspapers and periodicals of the time. Several pieces of correspondence and other documents appear to have been purchased by the Townsend Room staff or donated to the University through Jonathan T. Dorris.<br /><br />Only a portion of this collection has been digitized. See the <a href="https://ekuprimarysources.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/484">Finding Aid</a> for a description of the entire collection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1827-1901 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence, scrapbooks Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Cassius M. Clay Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006-b01-f02 Type The nature or genre of the resource text Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Clay, Cassius M. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource memoir Title A name given to the resource Cassius M. Clay Autobiography Typescript Description An account of the resource Part 2 of 2. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/16dc49e0bfb5ab4f90e0034e5b861479.pdf 45ccf18291f51224e9142f720bdeeb2e PDF Text Text ( The Life of ', I Cassius Marcellus Clay , An Au tob ~og r o:phy . \ \ ) �1 1.i s t of Fn g r ::...ving s . 'lo l un e 3 . -.. "I t \ �tyrannic t;,l r' csT'oti s:n , •vi thout. the ',7h ole nome che c lrn u r on tyrruny which come f r o · , the her0di tary des c ent o f the ru.l ers . I n t he light of t.h ese g r e at e v en t a , I desi re t o n t und e 0fore t l:e r ead e r , 1-.nd re c ei ve such c on s id erati on triumph sllall me rit. in this g ran cJ o □onL r:1en us ':!lY sha r e in their The c u i sod e s and inci d ents , L nd even t he a c tors d ra □a , a!'e but the fi~linL in of the s t age s c enery ; and, in c ompari semf with the g r eat p r incl n l es detr r r1incd., a re nothing but "le a the r a nd p runella ." C . hl . O. ',hite Hall , ~adi son Co ., f.y ., 1885 . 1 \ �CASSI US l:AHCE LLUS CL.l\Y . Chapte r 1 . I wa . bom in ,,1ndi son County , }ten tucky , United ::;t a t e s of AU1eric Octobe r 19 , HHO , on t h e u p l a n d s o f 'i'a t e ' s an d. Jac k ' s ere .1cs t n ea.r t h Ken tucJ{y Hi v er . My 1no the r, Sa. lly Lewi e Glay , w::i.s the daugh1 t c r a.b e th and 'I'ho rnas Le .vis , descen ded J(C-~Gt·k from,__~3cotJch and Dou g las being a f am ily n ame t o thi s day . * ~-,~hornae Lewi s ( 1?4q -l809 ) vm.s a Colonei of F l j \ Fngl i sh i nces tors \ in t he qevolu t ro'onary ~.7a r , (:fo r ;1ilita ry c a r eer Aee " Hi :·, to r 'ica.l ite g istr:' r of O~:ficers o f i:,he t;ontinental Ar my , "p . 2G:3 , ) fl memoer o ~ t he fir s t 0on s\i tu - °-fJ '·~n tu ck y , H.r.~ tl .~ :1 e . fourt h Judge of' t h e .LJexing t on Circu it . ,.iumu l , Jol;.n r.md .: 1- 11. am :t,L_ ~"t Lewis , son s of Lord J e8.n Louis , l e f t Fr an c e upo!'l\ t h e i<'oict of \\\ t ional Gonv ention , arid f'i rst Le~~ sla~ure Nant es ; 1 1385 . Ge!'1erul Hobert LHwi a , son of :·3amu e Vi r g ihi a , a ft e r r e ti rement f r o r.:. t he Bri t i :3h , e□ igt:Ja t ec tG ' Ar□y , . n 170 0 . aoi·1 , St e phen , was the f a t h e r o f Colone l '''homas !..iewi s !! i s ey we re \ of the s a me Virg inia fa.mi l y ua Cen e r al !,ndrew ancl Go nnal Cha rles Lewis , of the p i oneer a.nd Hevo lu t ionary wars , und ~ e ri we t her Lewis , ilme rican e xp lore r, of the Lewis and Cla rke expediti6n . Se e Gmi l 0 ' 8 " Histo r y o t ' t.h0 Hu gu eno t ; ; Hi :,ho n ;.1 ea.de s " Ol d Church e -, and Famili 0s of Vire~i bia; 11 Eoos q, v e lt ' s " 1.'lin1im g o f the '.'feR t" , ':-'i t h re f e r e n c es , and Van ;.1 ete r ' s " (;e\nealogies ical S~e t c h ea" . o.J l n io [ ranh - H. ;:, y rr.at e rna l g r a n dparen t s had u large f am ily of \ sons and dnu g\l t ere , of fin e mind:3 and physique . On e of r2y aunts r.:ia \Ii'!'i ed ,James G rra rd, :...ov e mor of !;entuck y , ;,.no ano th e r \ '\ \ \ �- 2 - ano t ho r J ohn T . Johnson, long t i me rnomb er of Congress , a n d t he ncpt.ew of Ric:ta rd :.L J ohn s o n , Vi ce - Pre ~~i.dent ol' t he Uni te d Stvtes . Wil s !,1y e r e a t - g r a ndfathe r, .Edwar d i'ay ne , a con tempor ary of Ge orge i'ia Lhine ton, and i s ho no ra'uly n ~mc d b y Mr . ~eems , i n h i s life of t he Father of hi s G0untry . My gr a.nd - pe.rcn ts v1crc born in Vi 1·e ini a ; and l i ved n t t te lar ge s ~rin g , a b out four miles no rth - we st t!.1J. from Lexi ng ton , ~entucky , ~t0 th e ir de a th . y fath e r , Gre en Cla y , wa a born in Powhi tt un Count ) , Vi r gi nia , august 14 , 1 757 , und died Oc t ober 31 , 1828 . My uncle , Ezeki el Cl ay , wa s an Epis copa li an cl e r gyma n , a nd uncle ,IJatthcw Clay vm s tt, o c ont empora ry of Tbomas J e f fer son , of t en a member of Con t res a , a nd l iR friend . !, t the w was a man of f i nn per s on , a n d qu ite noted for his prowess , in th e o l d ti mes , when t he old f Lrh iono~ kno c k - down was d eemed mor e hono rable than the pi s t ol and Bowie - kn i fe . One o:1' hi s c1 a ut.,bt ers was d i s tin gui ched for her b eau ty , a nd pe ris hed in the burned ,. • the a. tre ol' Ri c Lmond , Vi.r g i n i a , \'.'hict n t th o t ime created a na ti onal sensation . i;:y g r hnd f a t her W!:iS named Charles , * * The Rev. Cha rles Cl ay (l716 - 1789) , who was ordained b~ the Bi sho p of London in 1769 , a n a ~us Mi nis ter of St •.Anne ' s Pa ris h , o:' \'lh ic h Thomas J efferson was a ves tryman . (. In a sermon t o Lhe Minut e Men of Uhu rl ottesvill e , in 177 7 , h e c a id: "There might be pa rso ns :p r e s ent, wY.o woulct rat her bow tho ne c k in abject �// - ~; - Accu rsed be ho wh..J ko e peth hi :::1 t1v1or d fro m l,lo(.) d :in t t.i :.; war, f or t l. e Cf.lU.be of l i liort_y i o t h t) ct~u.s o of God . " See 0 0 1d Churc bc~: u nd l•am i l i o n o :f VJrg:inia't , b;y b i8L O_p ).icad e • 1: i ~J H. fut 1 ctr llonry , a n d hi : f u ti:er a go.in .tnirlor~, v:h 0 , wit}, h i r; t wo 1n ·ot .b ers, .tlon ry a n d Th omt:.e:: , c a me t o Amf, rica in rerm:.i inod here , eao h h twin p- roo ei v od Li(. 10 , 000 from t heir So say ~~ .• or t cr fat h e r , Sir J ohn Cl oy , of' ffa les.". Ol a :,, . tl::.o h &lf br o·t h;:;; r o f }~enr y Cl a~; . in 1848 . But I b c l i ov e l h ~ve t 1.e only r o li ,ibl,~ r cicord of the Clo.:v f a.m :i l y ex tan.t . Eumuo l Johmw n , Lon a on , 1 712 . " 1:h e o l d oe t n ncc c Lor r Ac o1· ded i n Cha rle s Cl a y - n o b i rth d ntn g ivon. *11<"" ** J.. n old lot t e r , " :l.'l fo CLAY :?A :,1IJ,Y" wri tten in 18 48 , by tbe i-.:.e v. L'OrteT Clay - t t o r: pr o:..i.cLing a t H1to :n , Il l i no i s , gi.vot: t he fol - l ow i ng f'a c b j :i n rog ur a t o U,o origln o .!,' tb3 Cluj! fam ily: Le t t er in f: a.muel Jo hn ;;,, on'E5 ,ook . o ur f hrnily could not b e gr uti fie d in tho li mits of a letter . The foll otr, i.nt; e:0ncise acco unt mu t: t ::.mffi ce . of :~ueen 1U i zabe th . • • • n t ho r e i gn Sir Wal t e r Haleigh brou~ :t over t o t te Vir gini~ planta ti on~, among othnr G, t hr oe 1ro t b ors . f on~s of Si r J ot.n Cl ay , of ~.'alen , }(:n g l a nd . jl e gav e t he m iJ.1;• 1 0 , 000 each • .a r l os , 'l :h omi,1.s , an d Le nr y . . ... 'ih o;y Mn·o n a med Th oy cie tt lc d o.:: J'umoc 1:ivor , near �} ;/ -- 4 - r:ear J umc!;t own . , Chr,rler; a na :l.'homi.:rn had lar t,o famil i e s . h(, n.r;y bad n mw ; 1,ut ~h e n am e . hHB be en h u.n de d down w'i. t h l!:reat tena c i ty in bo t h f am:H:ios ove r ~;ince . Cusius :1I . Cl ay • • • • is a. dos cendant of Chnr l os 0 la.y ; iienry and myso lf ~orter on d ~enry Clay were t he s un~ o f Jotn Cla~ , n o d oubt n amed aft EiT t h e f:i.rs t John known of our f ~,1mi l y . l boll. ev e our f'cimile s tmite in my grea.t - gr c.nrl.fute r , Bem· y Clay , s on of Charles , eon of J ohn, o f Wq,les . ~1~y " S pcech0s an d r,r i t in gs" edit e d by .Eo r a ee Greeley , and published by Harper Bro the~s , ~ew York , 1840 . has grave errors - ais~ tbe manuscrip t proof was never revised by me wh i ch are here correct~a . C. 1885 . M.y n ext anc e ::- to r, u0.'h.r y Clay , olde~1t con of Charl e s and f1lnry i,1i tcholl , was born tn 1672 . Th0 ot he r do Bcending li no i r: a l l r e gular , dov•n t o my own birth. It tr. evident t 'h at tho h(fg . :i..)orter Cl ay s peaks from traditi on . 11. t w11a.t time I:ienr ;y Clu,r , tho orc:to r r::.nd statesman , e nt e r s tld .B f ami ly tr nc i s not k nown. Hi s fa fne r was John Clay , e nc. tha t i:.:1 all I .kno';. about :i.t . l'te alway s c alled me " Cn uRin Cu sh 0 • £-'o rter Clay sa,yt1 I descended f r om C}1 urles of t he three brother s . * * '.I.1h0 O0n tewpo r u:rios , Henr y Cl ay of .Aehi.ilmd. , Co l on e l il en r y Cl uy of bourbon , and Cas ius .i . Cl ay , _ ... Union men and Emancipationi s t8 ,•- warn gr a nd- oone of t}i:r-ce brother s , who wer,:i t om., o :f Henry Cl ay . ( 1672 - 1 '160) of Henrico Count y , Virg jnia , common anc ,: stors of the Kentucky Cl ays , The .Alabama Cl ays (Clement Corner Clay , and Cl omen t Clui borno Cl ay , Un ite d Gt &t es :ient:, i o rs , l wer e of tho sumo Vi r gi n i a f ami ly . ( S ee "The Cl ay .F8mily " , pu.b1it;hed by the Fi lson Glu.b , Lou is - ville , 1899 . ) �- 5 - been but tewpor 3ri ly domi c ile d t here. Th o n ~me and f amily trai t s ar c Anglo - Saxon . H. CLAY. :.Chis SiJ.rnamc a p f 0 a rs in tb e Hundred Holls as Cl ey , Clai , dol Clay , de la 0ley e ~nd in le Clay . Kirby' s Ques t of 13 27 ::ih ..;ws a l s o a.tte Oleygh , but a t the time of 11 t he Yorkshi r e Poll Tax Li s t of 13 79 de l Cl ay hud become These ori g in clay , " the e s tablis hed f orm . e a rly fo r ms ~rn ff'i c j e ntly o.ttes t the l oc a l of t h e su:rnume . 'l 'h 0 f ir- •-t, Ula;y lived 11 ut t he s ome locall y f'omili a r piec e o f c l aye y g r ound . The name s eeming ly aro s e :in the v Bri ous pl a c e s a t:) by tho time of t h e Hun drnd .Rolls 1 t wa ~ n l r o1.:.l.d;J com1:1on in t he onst if i ngl and and es pe cia l ly fre qQent in Essex , Li ncolns hire , liuntingcl ons h j re , Cnmbri d gesh1re a na Be dford s hi re . i t i.s now mo t1t fre quent ir.. I ottingshume hi.r e v:here i t huo l ong b e £m a we l l-k novm name . It i e we l l es t abli s he d a l so in De rb;y s hir e a n d ...,incolm ihj_ re, b ut i s n ot fre quont in t he r e" t of the d i st r i ct t bu t f orme d its ea r lie r ho me ■ The ear l y f orms ci te a. ~vwit h ' "'3 tte" und 11 i n t he " are ~L su.f:f'ietant :rc ~ t p,tio•n o :f t h o f1t tem·pt to se t UJ.) a 1-iorman orie; in of t hi G surnar.ie . The ang lo - Sa xon cla.eg ''c l a y•• i s t he bas i s of the n a me . 'fho near st CO £' nDt f-ls t o th i s app cDr i n the Mi d. le Du t ch cloie , Ol d E'ri ni un kla i. , Jfri s ian k l ay and klaey , German k lei . e ll me on 1ng "<,l ay l o am'' . Th e An glo - Saxon 8•&i-JM cl a m, b:n gl i oh c l oa m, " po t ter ' ,3 cl a y" i. e from t he ~ i-1nc :Jo ur ea .X'li 'l11:.e r od ical 11 t1K:H11:i n g thus ap:p<!ar s t o bo 1' s ti ck? 7 t ona cious By Samu e l Gr ant uli phant , A . f<1 ., ..t.'n . JJ . , <~t c . V !?he " llu.ndr nd n was on e o f th o ci.vil d iv i s ona of I!.:n g l a n.d , gon t:r a lly a tt r1.bu ted to the Anglo - Sax on :C.ing , Alfre cl the Gr cu t , ( 849 - 901) b llt of much gr eater a nt iquity . ( See Li n ga r a. ' s Ei i:, t,ory of l<}n €,l a nd , vol . 1, pp . 340.- 1 . ) l t ori gi nnl ly s i.gnifi etl a d i r; t r ic t c on ta ining u hundred fam ili es . '1'1:e o l d Sa xon 1Jor ouch v'l8 l..: a h undr e d , o r g r ou p of hu ndr e ds , en c ircJ.od b:9 a moat , a t oekade , o:r· wo.11 . "All th e i nhn'd>itant s of t he borough, or bur g esses , wo r o froomen, bound t o e a cJ: ether a s ne i ghb ors , s huring c ommon 1Jurd e ns , f,.nd r es p orn, i b l c f or eac h ot h er t 0 surrouncling communiti es . " Encyc lo pae d i a Br i t t a :nica . Title 0 Ene1 and" . H. .. ..__ �- 6 - ?f.y :'umily we r e r emarkably l on g- 1 i ved - h enry dyl.n~. in i~if: oi g;r:ty - ninth ~ear a nd my mothe r in hor ni.n flt icth yc fc!. r . l t uk0 but li t tl c j_n t er,1 st in these a ntc (.; edo:n ts , but I c an not l1ut 'be a littl e !Jl' Ou d that I , tbr,)lj.gh mj1 mo t her and my DougL,.s b l ood , can claim to be o f the same r ace us thu t Gordo n who is now the noble st fi gure in our t imes . l v,rj_te :in thr. houfi e in v,hic h I waE! b orn . It i s a woll - burn e d bric k structur e , wtt h heavy rang e work of Kentucky rns.r11le and t~rc y limes t one , a nd of t .h e Greci a n s t yl o , ha vi n e: t1n-ee por ticos of i mpe rfe ct Corinthi an e nd Dori c col umns . It waa adde d to after 1861; but the ol d building, a ft e r the Rnglh1r.. m~, nner , was r;reoe:r vod a l moe t intac t. Evo"1 at tl:r.1t ;;-.._,~· , U ·ouch the r e we re many home - 0teGJ.cls , f;J, r, orii,,:i n n l f'o-r:- en t s in n0a.r }\l'ox:i mit~ to -tbci mansion w0ro ul moet unln;oken by tho axe . Ttie tulip , wt-..1.nut . ash , Ke.ntuoKy eo ffeo - bnan, beech , r~na ot,her magnifi cent trees , roae at plua es to sixt y feet without a limb . ~ ith n ative) vines c a rrie d u p wi th their growth J)f' r ha ps cent uri es ol d . The surfa ce , eve r undulu. ting , wns clotted .i n t he rtlvines with th e r1 a t ivc cune , two lve feet or mor e h'igh , O."' s e ernin gl;y t m9e nt:rublo as an ·saH t Ind i a ,jun glEh But most of tL0 1:m : rfa ee unde r t he tr ees wns bare , a nd brown wit h f a llen l oaves t:i~e yeu r r ound , co ver ed with exquisi. te W,ilcl flower s in summer , an d s te ady light snows in wint,er . The p l um , th o b l a ck ha w, the ?fay - 1:tpple , t lw puw- paw , t ho r1e r Bi mmon , the tickory , t:1·ir r;o l nut , r.Hok- t err ioi::1, u.nc.1 r:j_ld gr!.'p0s wc r 1~ fo unc1 in ·prcJ.'uc i o n . 'i.' bo rivu...lc\ts , in r.l mos t overy r a vine , we r e e ver fr ,·!s Jl a.hd r,-e- r enni al r eser votr o f th o foreDt bimUEl ; una f r o m the var; t i'i P,h. wero f oun d i.11 t he very �very s pr1ngs , as t hoy bu1)bl o d ,, U ,. i n n~vcr - ooas i ne mus ic ; wh ils t b 1 rds of e very col o r a nd ~Hrn g , t 1:.i:1 c :tat to ri ng c•qu i r:rcl , 1, nd t h0 scre am of tho h o.wk , made al 1 n atu r e h l,.r moni o us in i u ; ::fu.11 devti l o cmont . Our f umily i s tl: fl f irs t of the h u.man r ace , ae f a r a s we kn ow , t hat e ver c l a ime d fee s i m_ple i n thi n s oil, a s my f a the r was th0 fi :r st wh ite mun that e ve r, l >Y pre - occ u pa t i on end cul 1;ure , and G? iv i c titl e , c l a i me d ormersh :i.p ; the n a t i ves n e ver h&.vi .ng as s umed pr op ri etar y r i g hts i n the " Da r k a nd Bl ood y Ground" whj ch wa s the common hun ting p l a c e o f a l l t he t ri bes of tho noTT s urr o undin g St a t es . I t 1° cu ri ou~ how f ar back t he memor y wi ll r e a ch ; a n d I r emojber, as ye~terday , t he bril l i a n t b ut to n s a n d p lumes of' t he Kent uc ky Volun to e r s v-1hom my f &t h e r l e d , as comman d e r- i n - chi e f, t o the r ol ie f o f l<'ort Me i gs , in Ohj o , in 181 3 , then b~s ifhged by t he 'i3r i ti.sh un dei r l1ro ct or, an d t h e I n di a ns under i'ecumseh. Ge n e ral Wi lli am Henry Har r i so n was t he Fe der a l c ornm3n d e r of al l tho r 0gu Ja r f'orcen un a t ho vo l un t e e r mil it i a . 1:..s my phy t::i c a l colll'.'a.ce und traini ne; e ro a t l y- a i ded the hlgh er mo r a l co u r age whic h my p o li t ical life d omMde d, I have co nc lud e d t o g ive a n a c c o un t of a ll my persona l encount e r s f r om b oyhood . r am a beli e ve r i n bl oods , n ot i n t h e se ns e o f ari~t ocro tic o r p l e b e i a n b l o od s , but i.n na tu ra l or ga n i z.a.t i on; s o moral or l"hyi) i. cal t r a it s are a ggr e c uted i n f amil i e s . The :f'irst hewn l of; - ~otwo i n t)1c c ounty wa s buil t b y my fathe r; ~nd , whe n th o farnil ;y moved int o the lJrick ma ns i on, nh i c r. wns a l so tho f i rst of that c l ass . t he overs eer �- 8 - overss er, Covi n g t on , dwelt in t to olJ hous e in the to~de 1 of t h e yan'l. ft ght . l It was vri. th Covin g t on ' E s on 1.Jw. t I h a d. the fir st don ' t r emember tho c aus e o:i' tre ,~uarr ol , but l m&s te r od hi m. a nd gair,e hi rn a torri bl y - scrn tche d face . Hi s mother c ompl ained to mino . und . when I c ame to t .bo h o u:rn , fho , following S ol omon ' s a d vice , h a d rea dy a pea.ch- t:ree "r od " , o.nd I bear teot imcny that ::;he didno t " epnre" it . 1.. t an ot lrn r t i me ' ti:?, se.id I tol -:i a " c to:r y " - a P t he 1 i o i n t hus of t en c r.a1· i t ably cl o t }ied i.n v c l ve t~ ve ~ tmonts . She order ed me s t e r nly to come to her p but , as I h a d once teste d h er met t l e d , I , as more inclined to t ake , as Gobto , "tom~/ heols , n an a l ran . She wes not n womon t o be trifled wi th; en d wae n~ t one of t hese sen t imonta l cr ea tures who sit a ll dn;y with a r e c o.le it rant , "fo dd ihin g t h ing , '' l e cturing it u pon tho r easons w1Jy it sho ul d obey tho mothor , a n d not t:tr. mother obey th e child . So she made cb:1.se ; e.n d a ll the house - s er vantB t:md al l k itchen-s ervan ts j oi ne d i n thA pur suit . thc1 Fi nding tha t l woul d be ove r t &ken, I concluded tu fight . The r e was a pile of stone - s ~ftings · 1 0 f t ov er fro::, an out - btti ld ine of •con ~i der a b l c s i 7,e , u pon wh:i c l"< I took my s tn:nd , n.n d rnad.e things l i ve l y - t h r owine; never in sht.1!::.i , f :irin g n o blank cartri dt e s , r:i tti n e h urd . '!!'o r , us r bB d b een wh ipped f or fight i n g , n ow I foug h t n ot t o 1>8 wh i ppe d . motli.er h ad to come herself. So t be dear old l'h1..i11k God , 1 ne ver in cr- ildhood e ven r a i sed my hand or turn ed my heart again nt her. r sur rend ere d . So This was iny Bocond whi ppi ng , rind the la.s t ; f or ·:;ben I fo und esc ape n e i tb e r i n runni n g n or in :f'i g:h ting , l ever afte r sutmi t ted wi tr. sublime Jih i lo ROf ;hy t o t he �- g - My mothe r was a Ga lvinj s t i n faith , a nd , thoueh not beliovine in good works &s tho gr ound of salvati on , y e t \'i,.as t he mos t Chri s t ie.n-lik e and _piou.B of women in e ve ry word und thought. mor&l c har a cter. V; ith her , truth wa s the ba s i s o f ~i l l Sh e would not to l e r ~t e even co nventi onal lies, n e ver sayi ng , "Not a t h ome . " to call ers; 1mt to t he s ervants , nBog them to excuse me ." right? .An a was sbe no t Lot the wisd om of all ages decide. Tbi s i t was , when I was asked in order to corner me , if s l a very was n ot a good a nd Christian i nstituti on? con s idering all the cons e qu ences, r em0mberin g h er who ria d g iv en me life a nd :princ i pl es t o live or die b y - that l od me to answer No! My father was a s tern man, ab r, orbed in affair o . He spent but littl e tj me with tho c h ildren , nnd d i d not as uume control . be oone; Yet ho <liroctc d , in the muin, what 111ms to &n d wh<:i n t h e t i me h u d come , t c s ent me to s chool with my nex t old er broth Pr, Brutus J . Cl a:; , much t o the r egret , it neeroed to .mo , of my moth er; for I vvas t bo Benja min of trie fam ily . TJ·,rougL t bo ro r c st thon, over ri v a l e t~ . flu Dhin& tho bird s , crop pin t t~o wil d f l owers , ga t beri n g tl10 Ma y -~p pl cs , with book- satc hel s lung over m-;y· shoulders , an ll the lunch- basket c a rric d by turns with my brothe r , l set out . At l en gth, in l e s s tha n a mile , we came to the c ommon Dc hool - a l og cabin unch j nk ed ~ under a beec h forest , n ear t he spring a nd. rivule t s wh i c h mee t ·n ea r by, formi.n g '.I'ate ' s creek . '.l.' he e t one s of tho chi mney yet li e the r e , ha lf co vered with the blue - g rass , but t h o trees are gonel But chimnies were of little use , a s it ~as mos tly i �- 1 0- i n s umme r tlm t to s hh ool. tr~e c h ild ren f'rom f amil i en f a r ope.rt went v✓i I well r et'le mb er th e g r eat _pl easure - t}. wh:i ch , i n childhood , l too k off the ha ted shoos a:nd socks , un d wad e d bar e f oo tod in t.bo rain - pudd les and rivule ts . 'i1l-1e l u r ge s~ol a r s we r e held to their b ooks , b ut , l a y ing mino down on one of tho rud e benches , I went into tho wa t j er runnin g ov~r th e b r i gh t pc t bles , and amus od myself by c a t c h ing tho smal l mi nnows , wh.ich, a t t h i s s eason , 8War med upo n the cl ea r s h a llows . c o I was employed day after day ; und t h e g ood mo t he r aga in a n d a gHi n fil lo d the .lunch~baskot with nice thin gs , and topped them o f f with tho A D G my s tory . The n ei gLbo r ing g h · l s we r e a l !?,o j_n t he cool v:at er s at p lay - 7 t ~me-, and hunt ine a n a a i ge:i n g th e v.'i 'ld turkey - pe a s mid ginseng . l n thh, near as s oci a ti o n I bac1 fallen in l ove ! -; ~ 'l'he r e wus a noar ly gr o-v. n g irl C • .Pl a tonic , o f course . .B- n , an c1 an ot r~ A C- s . How , whe n tho domini o Bu: t to b ud exampl e I wa s set t in t; , he dt e rmi ncd to red uc e me to s ubwi ss i on ; s o when 1 se t out , b.U u s ua l , for tho b r unch , not obeying , he f ollowe d me , as di d a ll th ~ s choo l. But . t aking i n th o s itua t i o n , as t ho teach e r was the only one who l1ad on shoes , I to ok p o·- i t i on i n the deepest poo 1 . wher e he coul d n ot rea c h me wi th his l on e be ech - rod , a nd ~ ~ as t he gir h , h appl'-e d to be th o larg.··s t , h o ord erAivli ss C- s to bring me out . st one &nd. Bt . t0c-,~. ...,._ -ll..,,.. .L-rrt.-. ~"J/.. wrd ch l 4~ . fl vi ol en ce, ruck hGr ,n t "t ~ ~ ~~~» ~ a nd , but , a s she ad vanced , I 8e i zea a t-W-~ , ~ -?t,,,(f-rl' t,_:4~-f'-'~ r,..~F-7/ ~ ~~~ In t he confus i on , I ·was t orgotten; C. B- n , comin g t ,-; me , l)egg0<1 me to comn out , at once di d ; and ,i.'i. t bc ut cere mony s et out for h ome . Now �( --llilr- Now was I not in love ? Somo str uctures a re l i ke a wood e n l og , you can 't get a r e spons ive s ound wi t h a h a mmer; wh ~ l s .,...t others i.:; re \.../ s o finely strung, li ko th e famo us Cr Gmonas , t t at t he slight est wave o f a ir wi ll wairn t h e m i nto .me lof:y . I i n l ove! Wfi.S Yes , '.f hiB bro ke up t ho r cl.ool-l1:...cino os ; a nd my mo th er being tol d oi' the t r ugecJy acs wnea comman d , and I a :i s mi ssed { wi th a s up pres s ed s mile) to rny uo ua l <(uart er s . WfJ.S Such was my ear ly 1 i fc , t,na it l eav e s t h e <1 uo s t io n y et undecid ed: are tl:c te nde n cies of our li f e f r om n a ture , or f r om e du.c a t ion? Or, r a t he r, fll'e t hey n ot from b ot h':' At a l l event s, t he mot ~er , bein~ bb*h pur ent and t e acher, moet l y .but l :;_ · r,vc t h is a1 1. open f orms t to cl;a r a cter. r1uestion o thers to decide; ,1,.s man y wi ll , no do ubt , with iU"'!(l ; I * f or M. C. The d i.st i ngui. :;h e d l awye r, ~a dison C. J ohns on , aece:-u~ ea . B. . of Lex i n g t on , Kentuc ky , b o la tlla t "Goa Al mi gh t ~,r mctde th0 nob l e an d t he i gn ob le o f t Le same claj"n , but was s ure " t h e firs t c l HGS was m8.<1e oti.t of the fin 0 c l ay , whilst t he se con d v:as ma ,i e o f t r, e g r uve l an d r e fuse w·hi ch H imat ne d . n ~o far 1.1::: memory c oos , t rc mo s t of mj' y ou.th s eems bu.t as a dn.r lc n i g ht , vd th her e a n d t her e a l i gh t s e t; s o there r cma5 n bu t c. f e r: events . of cf'. my f a t b er ; Le ~-,& 8 I s aw lmt lit t l e nearl;y a l v1a_ys ab s ent , ::.n d r/ton a t home waf.? e n gv.go d in b u a i ne s s . But one i nc i dent r eminds me how much t hof.;;P. whu r u l G c h i l dr en s h o u ud r emember t hat example h ; more p ot P.nt t han pr e c e IJt . 7v!y f a tt,or ha d a.n old Virg ini a milita r y win e - c he a t, t ol di n6 uG ou t a half- do ze n c upH or e l ast a ~ , a nd ~s m~ay bot t l es of l i quor s , T >I< CJ. , �- 12 mof:l tly o f domesti c make . 'l 'r.oi.:rn bot tleo we r e }:ng l i s b1 squaro 1 of very t hi n c l ass , a nd ve ry finely inl&i d with g old - lea.f . 'l'o -i:-; rov en t t ho breakae-e b~/ awkward s ervant s , rie wou ld n e t ollJw any on e tut hi ms e l f to touch thom. ~ut , in the mornj.ng , b .tv:lng a l·o t t l 0 o f nc1tivo " Eoilrbon" fil led wi t h camomile f l owers ; \':J":ieh bei.ng i .. it tor , we r 0 used vory gcn0 rally ,ai,1 t Dnic be fo:.ro br eak f ast, he · would take ou t the tott le, f ill J- j s mo u.t h ·.~i th Ll!r; h1..;.te .ful li qa.id , and , hav in 6 SWltl lowed it , mv.ke a r ueful face at tho bo;ys ; but he would d r i n k no more that day . .~e n ev ,: r wou ld all ow u r - ; to Ut e card s or t as te li t uor. I watched h j~ a l ong t ime , not h~v i ng i t c l onr to my mi nd trmt i :t' it wa~=J e;oo d. f or r;apaJ(, i t wa.~• not [-;oo d for us . At leneth , .:i ne aiornin g , when h e 11ad made hiB n.r,ual l ibati o n , a n d dlsc harge 1J a 1mi.nf ul au ty wit"h ho r o i sm , a s shown by his coun tena r. ce of s1 1 en t s uff e ring , l thou gb t to my se lf now, it it i a so ll i. tt;er , why do y ou t ake it? An c'I , takin g up t r.e bott le , and pouring out a por t ion . 1 foun,~ i t very f a r f ro m t i ttir; t hou gh f ort um, t(;ly for me , the bour bon it self Wb B no t fasc inatin g , but th e bitter was a ll go n o, a nd Ji1'.Y..if/J..'f,,f" the camomile war, lrnt a st.am . Ha v:ng c:one t o :f'.::rur c ommon (v,) luntHryJ s .b.hools , ae before described , a n d then to th0 Ric.i,mon d ...:.ca.demy , our f Bthe r s ent n r t uus ,J . an d 111yfe l f t0 t ho l::)lne of .foshua Ji'ry , a celebrated t eache r , wl~o , h hvin e:; rna ci e a fortune , c till , b '!f~ t hr, 1'oroe of hab it - livln 1t on a fi ne fa r m on the b an ks of' lJi x ~i i ver , i n Gurr e.rd County , Kent uc ky - taught a few s c ho lars and his g r anachildren for his amusement . Whi lst �r - 13 Wh ili? t th0:r o , a.rnonf!; othor s w1~, reache d dh i 1.:i.ncti.:rn jn th o Cilley , 1n th o c e le br a t e d due l be tween tb e chempi ons of t ho ~orth &nd th0 ~o ut h . as a Hpcoia lty . ~r . Fr y wan a teac her of Lat in among tr.o scholar s wui;-1 a bea utiful young g irlK of about my own age , ~ . 1 - ; an( as , i n the fi r st j o int educ ation o f t he se xes , ther e was wa r, f, O now , by th e occuronce of c0ntr ns t E, the r e was pe ace . She insp ired me to r i. VEtlry 1:;:,nd t, tua y , tin d I s o on s uppas s e d her, and mastered the La tin l angu age , as I nc ver did any other 7 1a.ng uage; and , a l though ..:' after li fn never all owed me much leisur e fo r i ts use , I am a. g ood Latinis t to t h i ~ day. Ne v e r having stud.ied Englis h Gnamrnar a t all , at any time , I think I would h a rdly be c l a s :. ified i n that re spect, wit h .Bur n ' s schola r s in regar d t o my own tongue: .. " vVbat ' s •a? t he l earni ng of tbc rchoo l ~'? " etc . Yet my r e a derD will jud ge . In the meantime , my father bej_n g t he large st s lo.veovmer in the S t a.to , I e &rly begst! t o stuay t he s y Pt e m, or , r e t ho 1·, began t o feel i ts wron gs . Wh i l s t 1 wus y e t a b o;y- , my si r.; ter ~:1 izabeth being very fond of flowers and their cu.1 tur e . I ha d my minia ture e;arden a.lf:W; \'i it h gr eat dc l .i g ht living clos e t,o na ture , tJ. no f eel i n g tha t s erenit y an d pas s ive happine :;is wl: i.c t who l ov e h e r . nho n lvrn y~1 l a vishcs upo n th o::; e One day, whj 1st a bs orbed in my f a vo r ite pas time , I ho ard a sc r eam, a n d , l ooking up , w:r..a t was my horror to s ee Ma r ;y comin e i nto the y a rd wi"t h a butcher ' s kni f'e , i::ind ho r clothes a ll b l ooa y ? Al l tho s erva n ts , from every c a bin , "bi g and litt,le , r a n wi ldly a r ound in tears �( ( - 14 - te ars , v,:i. t h oxcls.aiations of gri d' and t,erro r . A handnorne mula tto girl , of about <, J. r;1'1teen ;/OfJrs o f a c e, who h ::,d been en ga g ed ;years o.eo as l one of Orn :f lowe r- 6 ardners . Sr.e .wae a :f'ino s ;oc i me n of a mi xed b reed. r ather lig l: t colored, s howing t t10 blood i n ho r ch P-c lrn . •.vi th ha ir wavy, aa in t:ho ca~rn ,vi th mixed whites ann bl a cks . lier f e a tures wer e finel;; cut ·, quite Cauc as i a n; whih: t h er eyes wore large, black, lnnguicl , an d uncons ci ous , excep t when some passi on sti rr ed the fires o:e hor A~rican l il ood , when they i'lashecl a :,, t he ligh tning thr ough a cl oud. ou t m~/ garden. It was ;11ary who had assis te d in l ay i n g A pegch-tree , then pl&nt ed b y.me., wa s i n / ~ul l. ~e1:,ri ng l on t!. A. f t e r I vm~1 m&rri e d , 1,e1 ng more than a :foot 1n d i ameter . Aft er s omo yea1~ s ha waa sent to the h ou ue of an overseer , a t one of th ~ s epar at e r l antati ons , to cook for t1rn ·;(ht ten ? the " brnds 11 e.nct tho overseer, his wife , and two or t~r~e erown dnurh ters . n e t .Lu.rt. ~a r , war ve ry bl o ody , tut Payn e , fo r that r:.n c hi e n a m0 , v;a.s a d r u.nJu.1 rd; / and , :r o turnj,ng hor:1c a:f tor sp r ee s , made i t bis custom to de.ys by any t· la v cs , v1he;n comi ng: fr om 1•p9or wr, ite trttsh" t-1,:;· the y c elled t h G hon- ~~l u vo h olden; ; .snd so she in turn us (:1 d a rioman ' s tongue in s uch of t:h o who le fam i ly . c;.i v...ay as t o ar oun e the ang e r Mar y was sent tnto the k i tchen or elsewhere, whi l s t t ha fnmily , having made all pr epar ati ons t o be.r u p the doors , pr ep1J-r ed t o puni~' h U in wo man s e ve r e ly, and , as t he j ury afterward decide d 1 t o kill l~ r. They cHl led h~r in, ~ nd s ent h Ar up s t a irs t o s hell the see d-c rn f or pl anting . �( ( - 15 • .r1ll trrn f i ol c - h [.n d :.; vJorf1 out u. t work . pliinting . But l,~ur y s u spe c ting mif::cbief, kn,)v1 ing 1:'a yne' n t empe r , s e <.frete d a butch er ' s knife in hAr b os om , :,n d ,,;·ent s ull en ly t o her work. Ac snc un t ic 'ipa t ed , they "ocn c ame up a n <l a ll a t ta ck d h er. U ie att eu.r()ted t u run do wn s tuir ti , ~nd. out of tLe 1:o uG e ; !Jut , finding t he doo r r. ecur0 l y f uston ed. , "'he t urnP. d. u pon tho m an d f lew i:>a y ne , ceeded i n mu.k tng he r csc o.p e. The whole u ommun i t~, f ov, .t.our o . Vla G 1.m d o.t l e n [;t h s uc - She c urnc home to t h e fam i ly . in arms , 1.: n d 1:ar y ta.ken to ja. i l in a 13u.t my f a.t:r, 8 T bci l1g u mu n o f f ort u.n e , f.:i na a. " lo ng hAad" ., Mary wu a fi. nally tw qu i t t e d and t:;et f 1·ee. Sidney 1'ayne Clo.y, our ol dest broth er , wt. o ha d been educated ~t Pri nce t or. College , iew Jer s e y, una had r eturned hom , was un c manc i pii.ti on ist as well as a .fresby teria.n. B~, my fat he r' n vlil l h e v;<1s apf oin te d c li i c f execut or . An was the c u .... t om in nl l th e bor der 8l a vc S t a tes , r,lur y wae , bJi l:i s will , orde r e d t 0 l •e f e:it South, I su ppos e to ma ke / rr.urder odio us . Now , t he most s st on ichin g fea ture o.f' t he r;; l a v o - r:;y stem wao th l'! del u P i.o n t h l.l t , as it was l egal, it / wae mo:ral l y r i ght; wl:il::; t a ll the s cn t irnen to of t h o co ul end t he forc e of t he mind proc l ai med it wr ong . For "the sr0l1 t es i of a l l r i e;hts " s u.i d t he e lo quent Hobert J • .l:lrec-kinr i dge, "i s t r.e r i g'h t of u. mo..n t o himH c l f" . This L1 oc trino , j ojne :1 to s o me vas f.ing remarks in the Bi ble , wr j tt en in an see v,hc:n e l a very :-:a ~ thfJ r esult of' a com1T,on u arbai sm, coni'ur.od the s tr or. gnu~ in tel l ect , an d l e d to t .b o moa t connict i ng results . ~over she ll l forge t - a nd t hr ough a ll thos e s,ears i t re c t s u µon tr.8 memo ry as t.he s t a mp up on a bright coin - th e s c ene, \; hrm Ma r y YIO.f.J t i ed by t he ·--..; -·- �( - 16 wrisb an 2. t f' nt f rom ho m,1 an d frj_ e nd s , a nd the l ov ed fen tu.rer. of J-~0 r na t i. vc lnn d - t h? b ot'1c o .f ho r 1·n ftmc y !i nd g irlish dt::i,yS - ir.to Sou tl~ern banishmHnt f orever ; a nd yet hold guil t l o s s b ~r a jury of1 h o t her " peers". but he r o p p n :, ss :)rS ! Never s hall I for Let th08 e t wo fe ces - of my b ro ther a n d r,:ary - th e oppressor a nd the 01)pn.1 s s e d , rt g id v:itl. e c1ual agony ! She cafl t an i rnploring l o ok at me , as i f in appe a l; but mookly went, witbou t a wor d , as " a uhe e p to t b e olalll;lit er. '' On e more t a l e o f t he " Loi:: t Ca.t1s e 11 anc1 I close t hj 8 s ad r ecord. ~bo ut 1810-181 5 , my fa t her , ha vi ng succeed ed in a hm d - suit o.gains t a no i gr.bor n orn0d Len drickA , t h P. a n g r y ma::1t c r s ent hi.t1 slav e Jo e t o burn ou.:r d,;olline; ; but Joe , d :ri ven back by t h e wa t c h - oogs , v;ent t o a large bD.rn f i l l ed w:1. t h bay Hn d e;r e in a nd n ot f ire t o that, i n t h e h ope of averting t he anger o f h i s mas ter , which he had t oo muc h reason to d r ead. 1'ho barn made sue r, a li ght tr,a t the po or foll ow war t or r i e id, a nd s tood looking wil d ly a t tte fl ames , when he \-. as a eon and ca u ght . bein~ q ~esti on ed , he confA as ed the whol o s tory. On now by th o l o.vrn o f i he "Los t Cu use," in no c ri mo a gFdns t the maste r c oul d a t~la ve b e u wi tn o s s . was a ll t he r;a me . i i[ Eut the public Oi jn ; on • '""<he Con s ti t o tJ v n of Kentuck y Bays: -~~ t r:c s l a ve ~ l_,is ii1t a - ~ ... ., o·,,nor to th e s l a ve , ana tho increase hi g .h cr t h a n t1 ll Con s ti t u.t i 0ns." ~fote . Hcr,ea.ic d by tho Com,ti tut io na l Conven ti on of 1890 , of wh jch Cass iuo A. Cl ay , Jr., St a te Legi s lato r f.J.n :1 Sena.t or , was Pr n s i dent. H• ....s.- f ,:,t) ~) L An d thL, wap, t h 0 common hivr of a ll t he ~; t r; t e s of th e ~olid ~outh. So tha t J oo could not be a v;itn er,c asains t l:i o mac ter, a nd the c riminal esc a ped. And Joo !,;~mt unpu n~nt<::d for tho cr i me, be c au s e hh,. mil>,je c t i on �r ... 1'7 t he eyes of t r:e human o and t he pru dent c onservators '( t/ o f the 1-1ecul j_ ar a nd cl omef:ltic i r.::d;i tut i on . Bend.ricks , ht1ving put a n iron co llar wi tl 1 a. boll ,rn J oe , t h on movfHl hL.: fami. il.y in to ;; r emo te a n d s 1)a r 8ely Eet tl e d porti on of Kentucky 0n t he riater s o:!:' tffM St a ti on -Camp Creek , whi c h er.:ip tios int o the Kentuckj, River , ne a r I rvine , in the ocun t y o f !<;st i ll . J 9e , whv es c 8ped t h e gul lows f or viola tin g tho l a w, was not t~o f ortuna te in escapin g the v eng;e u nce of i :t s mas te:r . , t i ed u p, :.:. ,'1 ;: \71i i.:pp od f o:r three sevc~r ril he v:t:i:i t o ken , de.ys , being ~ a llowed a re::;pi tc to pro l ong 1: Jn nuf:crings , as 1:ien- dr J c ks swore , b~ a l l t ha t Wd E Eacred , t h A h e e hduld d i e . 0:n the t h i rd d a y , toviard ni g ht , J oe amid the mo1-, t p i teous rnoa:n fl cmd n r,-110 0.l s to l, i f1 mu s t e r 1:md t o God fo r mBrcy , gav e up t h e g hoa t. . Th e He ndrick)(ses put a r.:, ton e a.r oun d hi s ne ck hank h i m in one of t'lnii the deep wat er holes of t he creek . But wben th 0 g ui.:. es o:1' decompoiai tion v:e r (• g en (,r a ted , Joe ' s mar t ial r a ma.1 rn:; arose to t r.e r; u.rfa.co , a nd r e vealed the secre t e o i the pri so n h ousH t o th e v·or l d . ; trirougi·~ th o The body w 1;;,1:, cu t . d :.in in c v e r J.- a pp·oacha:bl e p l a ce , a n d t Le di s t orte d feuture c g rew r i e id in de a t h wit h suet express i ons of anguish that men wh 0 saw it f or a 1.ife time s po ..e o:f' i t z,ith a srmd der . tho "Los t Ca us e 1' c ame Onc e more to dendrickB' r er:cue , ::.;.n d the mur cl n rer wa~:: &C<JUi tted . but vir.at of t h at ? li t:c nocostdt;y , k ne,>J n c l t:.w. , hi very , b u t t~c Hendricks family wor e d r iven , h;{ t h e ~:rrcpros . i bl c instinc t s o f tho human soul , i nto exile; a.ncl U,ey wont Hes t , v1here t he 1nemory o f t h e cri me and t h o cri.mi.na l was lo Bt . le �( ( I l I I { - 18 - esc a ped t he toils of th e l uv: , but the r od ri ght a.rm of t ho Qmndrpot ont On e t urlc d th o u:n.errin,; bolt s of •'• i t deat h upon th e tra ns gre sD or, end t e ndricka l a y ctrotch e d upon th o s lckbed wit h ~;urc de nth l ooking sternly on h i m. :Ni g l, t a n d day thc cri es o f Joe p j orced hiB 1 ea r s , a n d his d e spairing f ace wa a ever pho t ogr a phed upon hir:1 a verted t:;i;os . He would n ot a llo w his fami l y to lo a:vo him a moment 7 ni ght or day . I .f .1->.nd hi{{ dyi n g ory 1 in his last feebl e res p ir:1ti o1rn was: 7 got me; for God ' s s ake t ake him off ." nJ oe has '.!1h'i.s i .s the ~ j '' '; t a l o us tol d me in my ea rly you f,h, an d. i s u.s fre sh i n ' \ my memory as the events o f yen terd.a.y. "', ln early ti es , t he u se o f a n iron colla r pr even t t h e s l o.ves :fr om runnin g o ff . ha d a bel l on it , Bo The c o~.ls.r on Jo e t 1' ut every one c o1.d .d u n il the coll t•).r 1 e lng ri Tete d on b:<i e or hear it; a t a S-lfli th ' D sho·p , coulc1 not be t aken from th e n:ma.way I s no ok wit hou t e-r eat dani e r of di s covery . 7 No t hing sh ows t be degr a da t ion of the "Los t CaU,s e" more thun l•€ fora my t ime . tr: is cus tom , whio ~ waa g en e:.ral ly ubundon ed Yet in Lexing ton, in 1 845, wh5lnt 1 e a Heu th e THU.E AMEH I C.iU!I , he ro-ing one nig ht s ome distu·.cbanoe in my h en- h cu rc.e , I i:,e izod my p i s tol, and wen t out to .see the-) c uuBe . To my £urpri ne, a ne g r o man ha d both h.~n els full of cb i ck,ms . Ho bo l on e e d to a. " rnil di..ma.nnered man" of' my ao t1 ua i •n tun co, v,ho n m a hemp fa c tory. The man said , . i n re pl y . to my q1rn sti orn..1,.· that he was poorl y f ed , an d tl'.n.t he o ug ht to he l p himse l f t o ue tter f are. l told him , wi t l. r o me indi gnat i on, thut he ought not to come to me , who was t he f ri e n d of hi B r a c e to r ob. To wM.c h he rep lied: �( - 19 • re p l i ed : u::Ja.r s ' C:.:..s }·, . I d irl no t think you woullci ri;;irt rr;o , ' 1 Trii s re a ··o njnr v:o.t; not ut ull satisfu ctcry; but tl:w l ow moo n c ~.• t a fe;w :n1y s tl"ro u.gr: t btl t:nrn s , b.n d .L s~.-w the bri eht pr ongs of s st oel c al l ur @Blong , on ea ch Hide of h i 1:, .n e ck , cH th' ilo rn:::i c.f d. r exas s teor. ~dy r ,; ge , wh t ch was at fi.rs t a 1mor·t d.1.Hd J.y - s t1m ding with pi s to l i n hand ,• was tur ned into 1,i ty; f,.1,n d I l a t tr.EJ poor f e llow £0 v:d t r: a ll the cb:i.ckc ns . \'q:~f; I not a l so l)Oli tic a.lly guilty'? 'fhits ne.F!ecl r.'!c t o a more cle!ldly v,•Hr fn.:rc againBt tl:.e " Lo n t Ca use" * ,J.~.. *Unde r tr:e . ~ -laws, ovr~17 YiegTo or mul a tto wa~:; -7 / / "pr osumpt.iv cdy .'.;l. Pl uvc ; um·: . iJ' J.n.ab l e Lo i n -_; jchte h:i::.1 m&.Bter , or Lo 0st:~Ll hih ~~p 0 c if'i c a l l y h"i:~ J. i t;h t to f ro c dom , ~a s avuilhble t o le a rreB~ed und i mprjsonod , uavo 1• t: j r: ed rind ._,o l d , .i n de f ault of a c l aimant to pay t he costs of t }~is wo r so t han Algeri ne procedure ; and , ~ s Wash i ngton stemlil;y j,ncreu sed in popul Etti im tm d importa nce , the nu.mber of' co l ored perso n i:-~ . d ri~ting t h it h er f ro:n a l l criisr ters , 'incr o :.l s e d with it , unt il t h n buninene of a rre s t ing , dc t a i ni:n~ , ttd vfrr-ti.s i.n g and sol:Un€ unO\.",ned negroe s be c ame :.;, rth)S t lllcrutive '1 ,,/ p o r 4.uisite of the Fodo r a l ~.lurshal f or th e District ( of Columbia }, y:ield.i11e a net profi t of ma ny t hous u nds of dolli:i.r s pe r . c.nnum . " Grl1oy ' t. J-.1.r!1erica.n Confli.et , vol . 1,1 13 . 1 " li . \\he n 1 wa o y r; L u bo;/ , l h ~d a plti yrnH t e o f t:buut my a ro und thnm . E.o wat, bigg e r t han myse lf , im r: not wantin g in c ourag o - t he black r s.ce i s not so wanti n g . The hands ana oth e r members of t he boc1y are mo vei t hrough the �- 20 - n erves by tho c ontral s eat of i n to l l i g ence - t he br u in. !Jow, i t t~e s tilfill. for t ho will to commun i c a te rt:i th t he huncls a,nd feet ■ ln a f i g ht, ti !nc i <~ not e verything , but it i u a gre ~t flictor . ln th o ne t;ro race thj s nervous movemon t i.. s lo we r thun i n t h o v;hi te ; i n other wo rd 0 , the intelle c t and t he body are quicke r j n th o wtile r a ces. He nce th e ~·re nc h , whe n othor t hings are e ·.ual, ar e the fi r s t fi 51: tin g p eo pl e among t he nut i ons. But othe r qualities , aG ,ma he roi sm , fo rt i tu d.e, a ll tha t, entfer in the b a ttles of na ti on° , a nd in t hes e l s.st I think the Ji:ngli h , Germuns a n:. Ru ss i an are supe rior 0 t o t lle French, wh ils t the Americans have s.11 the bos t qu nli t ios o f t he Rn r,l i s h , with mo r e intollcctual qui cknoss . So we , ha.v in 5 n othing to f ea r in bu.tt l e with any no. tion. »low, as early in lj re as my fi gh t rd th Goo :rc:o , l began to app r c ci at e th e i·i t uati on . I offende d Geo rge, ·who s a i d: "llais'te Cash, you woul d no t tre ut me so if ~ou mur ste r b ncl mi::; t ress to bf:i.Ck you 11 • 1 c a n whip you myself". ".All right", s a id I. yu r d we r e unbroken. ha <l not " ~ell" , s ai d I, " George, "lf you wo n ' t tell, ·wo '11 ·s ee" . .Noi'J , th €) foro t' ts on orio si de o f 'four My f a ther allowed n o one to touch t horn . ~o Ge ore;e and l nont ul one into the ne a r woods; a nd a s t he bcughs hung low n ('lar t h e light , wor e s oon out of st gh t of a ll th o family , white t.nd b l a ck. exc i t ed, and in the lead . Ge or ge , l wa ~, . of course , DBS e vidently my ov er - match in s i z e and strene th, so I t hought of s tratagem . selected t ho ground. I :i::r.c f;r ey li mes tone , f ine for building, lies ne ar t he s urfa ce. Here was a s teep des cent • -- • toward the Xe nt uck;y Ri ver , an d tho s tone being taken out i n hori zo nt D-1 layers , l · ft u nice lcvo l bench , n ow 00~ �( - 21 - co vcre .. v·i th moss and dry l euvos . n ear the decl.enGLrn , , l e a.vi ne So I took my pl tice S !) a.0 0 for Georg e t o take hi o st..:md on the level l a nd , wit h my f a oe toward the r a v i ne . Strikine George t he fi r s t blow, I aent hi m e t aggo r ing down the hi l l; a nd then ad val1c1.ng t o tho v er y ed g e of t hH plat , I wa s t e ller t ha n be , Gna had all th e od v Hn taBes , 40 he hnd t o labor up t he hill whon st r uck , ond I had t i me to b l o,·, . Qf cour s e , 1 \"la !:~ tr iumpha nt, und Geo r ge nske,l for quarter s , s nd a dmitted hirrself beaten. our s ecret , 'lfo over ke pt Geor ge ne ver saw tl:e unfa i rne fls of m~ posi ti on ; n or v1aB I b ..und t o r,.dv tso hirr, , be c ::.u ao I cons idore d that if r gave h i m & f air u ae of hi e mi nd ~nd body , i t was a f a ir f i gb t; and it was , in the br oudes t c onse . The Dein- ocra ts and Republicans 1:n.. <:1.y bot h study thi s epi s od e with advantage , in runn i n g t ho llc r ub l ic wi t h so lar ge a black po pulati.on . '.l1 hi s ft ght with an Afr1 can was one of thm-rn in st rume nt a l i nflue nc e s by wt.ic .b De i t y shapes the ends of l ife . George's c ou r age ivo11 my r espect, u nd h i s suf.a ex- p··es s i on of defeat excit e d my sympsi t h y ; f or he :hnd o ne o f t hose f t1.c ee which 111 the bluck R t1t ti mos tn-e s o ox proli ve " of' a ll t h e s enUm onts ; and w}l ich , ye t unma.r k ea by cri me , tand un de gra ded by c onscious s er v j tude, a t times so i nt erest t he ob::..e r ver . l h&d s ettled t ho c.uoF:tion of p ersonal r,upremacy wit.h Go ore;o; but b a c k of tr\at r emf.dnod that gr out p roblem of my life ; why should. master an d ruistre i:,s claim the / po v;er of Hppe a l a nd re d e c isi on? Lnt tho a dvoc1ii.t es or the "Lo s t Cause" a n s wer. These incidents are a.s f r esh on my mind a s i. f they were of yeste r day~ On this p lateau , in t he de ep1 s hade , was bui 1 t u ca.b i n in wh i.ch t he f r e edmen o ±> my f ather �( - 22 - only dwelt. Tr.e l og b ut has per h , hed , 11ut t Le r uins of tlio s tone - ch i mney r ema.in ; s n <i t he ledz e i 8 ye t mar ked by a rnae;nifi c ent oa k . Tho a ppe a l of Goer g e was to a hi 3 e r c our t tnan my pn.:rent s fi l l e d . a n d tho omn:ir ot en t God d ecide d i n h i s f avor . lnf'ite rdm.a l a rni obsouro , h e wa s s till one of the f a ctors in h umen p ro gres s , a n d h i~ b~ t t le was not nlost". j_:n r e ality Thus . a s i n t h e Cosmos, ev ery o unce of ma tt e1· forr.'l8 t he attra ction of t ho who l e , so ever y t ruth and every noble aspi r a ti o n make t.he s um o f the rnorul and in tellectua l wo rld, o n whic h the h a pp i ness o f m[:nk ina d ep ends. The f a rm of J oehu a F r y , as I sni n , c am e to t h e very b a:nks of Dix River. s tre am t }Je r €! are no h ill s . In pl a ces on t l1i s })o c u1 i ar I n early ti rn.es thn l imes t one r ock s eomB to have b een cleft a sund e r, a llo\,i.n6 th e waters f r om abo ve to ps ss on , anc1 in ti me we.a r i n g a de e p c hanne l t hrough t ho sol d rock ·ban kB , w1 t h VfH'Y na rro w alluvial bottomB f i rst o:n on e s ido 1;.;. r.d t ho,"1 on t ho other , as th e turns of t Le r i. ver l e ft tr-.o dep os it of t h o reduced s tra ta. Occ as i onall y u g reat bowdler of l imeston e wu o p rec i p i tate d in t o the rushtn g sti-·eam , cam,j.n t_:; de eJ) e ddie s , v,'her o t he:, bass , pe r c h a.nd ot her v a rietie s of f i sh f'cunc1 s e curo shelter an d feodin g - ground.s . n a tu re , 011 Ne v er was t he r (·• a finer dis.pl ay of a Hc a l e n o t g r u:nd a s s ome • b ut as p ictures que as any t o b e fo 1ind. Th e t r e e s ov er:rung the ,j u t tin g cli ffs ; flowers " and v ines covere d al l surfaces ; &nd f i sh could he s een , as well as crtUg ht, eve r gumbol l ing on the c ry s t a l riffl e s, and in the r oc k- bound de p t hfl of t he ri vor. '.I.'he re el birds a~cl many- co l o red ori ol es ~ a ncl t hru~hes werf! in g r oa t numbers, a a well u s many oth er birds o f b ri lliant pluma ge and �( - 2~ .. 1nurs . fi nLin g and c n j ,,y :int I l tlw l .,velinos::: o f nature . * *u on cr a l Cl ay 011ce 1·o mf..:rk ed i h a t l..:1 h,.,.d spont a l to eo the r a.1o ut three yc e\r~ cf' i. i ~ l ife i n fi s.riq ; 1.,. n (: bunting . H. deem it for tunate in m~ li f e t h a t l v; ar; t".!:r o'l"m so often 1.n o l oee con tac t hi t L woil1Gr N.!Tth, f ro m v(hom we £,;nj n n ot only ~l ~asure but o trcngt~ . ¥o r h e r the body a nd soul a r e ~ i of life ; b.nd an ap t f abl e , " 5 i ants of .,.. old the ohil clro n o f t he made robust :::·or H :o t!roat was it th~t muc1o th e e a rth , who , when t hrown cl.ovm , ur os e agai .n n itr. n0w f orce f or th o co mba t . Henco . - come t he gre at char a ct ers o f h :i nt or y ; a nd from he r t ho por ishin b cit1cs ronow their popnl e.t i on. When I v,uo Duout t v1e lve o:r th-.l.rte en yc~n·s of ag e , durj n g· a s choo l va ca ti on , my f a t h er s ent r.ae t o Ci ncinnati , Ohio , to pay t r.xe B upon so me l cr.da v,r.lch ho State . Tr, t e city Wl1.8 0 7/l~e a 1, OU t one 1:und r ed miles no rail r oad:: , then . no r ~, t aee ..r o ute s e ven . d in tha t away; r,i t h 'l'ho only means of tra ve l was on hort eb~ck; a n d a lon g the riage-ro ad , u s it wu.r, c a ll ed , t h e r l, wg re j nr.E,, ·;;ll ere tro. vollor e were ente rta ined . J.~ei flg fully o tl~ _p pe d wi LJ, PEi dd l c - bags r-m ::~ wi t h my mone y s owe d u p in some purt of m;y cl othing with onilly e n -:; ueh left r.icces s i ble t o pay way - ex,,em:, e , I ce t o ut r.i. t·1· r-: rather ln t h)t e time r , "tti en ci t y r obbo r io B were hov i7y hoe.rt . l i ttl0 known , dosper&d oos , driven by crime :frc.:m the Eas t took r efuge on the f r c ntii:-r e o f civili :.a t i on a nd c ommi tte d eti•.d~ fre quent as s ~ ;,.. mon o~ . upon t r a vel e r s , mid ar1p ro priuted thei r These were n ot f l easan t fficmori c s t o me ; bu t as I ent e r e d tho spare e l y - se ttl od forouts , full of b irds a n d squ··rrol s , and occa sion ul wild f ruits , as plums and ,gr apes , I �( - 24 - r began to fee l more at h ..:mc . &.nc1, on t he who l e , e n j oye d t Le Lou r ne y . I tra ve l l e d a.b ou t t 1,irt y mt l os a yi day , and roac hod 8 i nc inna ti on t h c thi a ft er noon . ra day , i n t ho l n to ~bou t 1612 Fult cn i n t ro du c ed ~t esm - b oa ts on t ho Ohio ; but at t hi s t ime , abo ut 1023 , t h n fla t - boats and ba r ges were tl:e onl;y t11(HillS o f c omm0 r ce , an d a fe w h i n dwhe el steamboats ma de tl.e t r i. p s at l one; int orvru. s up the rj_ vor to Whe e ll.n g 1:tr1d l- i tt t-1bu r g , a n d cl own to ~;0w 0 rleans . I don't r eme mber any hou rrns whe r e Covi ng t on d na r;ewport n ov1 a.re ; an d Cincinnati h a r dly ro ,w'be d abo ve !:-'. oco :nd ~treat, pur a l le£ with th0 Oh i o :Riv or. Th e p:ri nci pal bui ldings wer e on tho s tree t pe r pondic ular t o the uppe r river-wharf , on t h o righ t o f wil i.c b wa s t h o hote l . Tte:re wer e fe w brick b u. ildj_ng fJ , im d on Sc~cond tmci l'h i rd S tree t B, the h c u [:;ee we r e l ow ana nc a t t ering , wit h !3mal l ~n1rds i n f 1s., nt . Havimg t a ke n rny earne c1own i:r- t o tt:o s i t U. ng - r oom, in whi c h l.:! t a l w t r.e 1i qu o r - b f1 r . Hor n men fi s ~-,e mble d a.ro und a huge coal f i r e , a mi xe u maus o f t r &.v e l c :rB anJ bo,.:1.t mon from t(l l e ve n ing . t ho r i ver- cra ft n s pe n d i ng the Su nday One r a t he r s in ic::t er- l oo k ing ma n , with ~mall, s r1a.r p gr e y eyes , a n rl h i gh homan nose , dr ew u p h i e ch& ir , a n d b e gl1n t 8 r; ue et i on me a bout my j o ur ne y , whonce I c nme a nd wterc I Wbs going . mu in f i1cts . With s ome r aticenee I told hi m t h e Ee then invj t e d me to go with h i m to c r:urch , t o whi ch I ass ented , inquir i ng h \ ~. name . 11 Bi rtl SfJ'e " . Ee told me i t 11hi(1 wa s a cu.:r 1 ous and unkn own n&. me t u me , a nd t1 t once excjte d my z us picion s ab out h1 s c ha r a.c ter , a,,, i t e oeme ;! afl s urned . Howf v e r, I v;on t wi t h him t o ch urch. 1 wa.t cnea h i m durin g t he coremon i e i,:; s lyly , e.ncl f'o una h e !' h owe d n o r·e ve r ence wh atever , l o ok'i n g ab o u t h j_ m and the �( - 25 - a u di e nce . As we rcLurncd , he t t opro d oppo oi t c a smal l framed h our e , r athe r isolc. t ea , wit t two roo ms . c c r c muny , h0 cat a hn wi sl:od to 'l'! i t h out e .fr i o n d -.. a moment 8 0e on lu~ines a , &nd ~oul d go en with we in a mi nut e , ona invit ed mo in . I went i n. Th nrc l i ~ht in th f) first ,,,;a.P no ro om , : nd in t he second nao a dim di n- c and le burni ng , Hn d a mci.n , whom• my f r iend vak ed out int o the back- yard . ouspici on• we1 e arous ed . pe r ~aps murdered . ~~y I was t o bo -.a•• robbed , ;1y und s ho ~ld they go out of tbo houe e t o So I ~t onco passed J ut int o t he str ee t , ~itb n t ul k ? s tea dy mur cl :f'or my hotel . My friend o vertook me v. few pnco n f r om the door, a nd continued hi s walk with mo, noth in g b oine suid by e ithe r pa rty in explanation . In t he me tut ime, I had t 1:1ko:n out my pocket - lm if'e. openf':d t he lar gei.; t bl ad e. and put it u p my Blee ve, keeping my fri end on my ~iae , und neve r allowing hi m t o full b ehind me . M l he pnsr: e d a. BmB.1 1 all oy, he s~i d , cuit. ing the a ction t o tho t•, ord , ana turning in hi.rnno lf: i s tho ne a re s t ro ute to the :r. ot el . " "This way There wero 1ut few li~ itG ~hln i ng frorr t to ho~sPs . ~na moB t of the ch urch c oc r s and oi tii0ns had di s up pea red fr o~ the s t ree t s . i cw, I was r a is o d in the wood s , imd w~s we l l pos ted us to pl ~ce ; una I ~new that , so fa r f r om tr.a t r oute be ing n e i,r ost, i t l ed mo into t ho s tron t p&.r c:.ll Al to t he one y;t:or, l bad l odged , and tha t I would hnvc t o wha r f and tht'n tttrn up to m;y quart or s . eo to th o r iver So pay ing no attention to h i s words or his ucti ~nu , 1 went steadily on, and a rri ved with s afety a t my ho tel. I sat 1:1 0m0 t ho foile d Bird seye , but ho CKme no mo re . n time awaiting Now his obj ect , no �( ( • 26 to rob, i f not t o mu:rdftr me - t a ke my mon e y , anc1 go at on:rd tlrn r i ve.r - cn..ft and es c ape . 1'hj G was a le s s0n to me t h r ough life , a n d .l rR furso d e vo:r t o go a bo ut i n c i ties wit~ st~nze rs . And t houg t I have t r Gve lo d much in tl· e \',or .l. d , l r1over v:as r ool;ed oi' a cent , tho ugh ~ many <; va i n at te mp ts hav e been ma.de to pi ck my po eke ti:-:: . i pu id the t axes u.nd re turne d ho me in t·H1i'e ty , a l l ov::in& n o l'c n 1emon to be long wi th me on the ro ad , e i lhc r eoine f orwar d or ~ falli:ni,; b b..ck , ti ll l was a l onfi . 1~n a I t hen fe lt r:ovv wi se v.ui.-: my pat hc r' s t:tJ)othe.:J(rn : ''lfove r tell any one your 'l'h1 s t r i p was ov i c1en 1,l~, in t ende d by my i'a ther btb ,.,ness . " a s a , ~ s c ho ol of cc lf- r Hl i anco , und al l v,w ; c r e1·u1 a t b(, - Li~es to t e a ch me s uch le sson s , irclud ing occa ~i onil manu al l abo r. / Fro m ~arr &rd Countl we fol l owo a d r. Fr y to Dunvill e Coll ege , wh er H he con tt nu ea to t e1-1cl 1 La t in under Pr eF..;ident !: u r r a y; anc1 , st il l fu rth e r, to t bc h ow e of l'~i:J f'On 11hom&.s , i n the same county . i7o had ~ pJ.ea.ea nt t i me ir. thi E: o l d Vi r g i nia f am ily , wi th a la r go J-: our·e an d f1:t r m, t:rnd Vvitb the n otea s prin g , whor o in s uck erfi co uild be s een in t ern - foo t wa t e r - 1;:tudy,1n5 b~' day , a.no dar:c int; wit.i th 1:1 e, irl o at niebt . Th omas , t :bc toh t . wao a jo l l y fel l ow , :1'ond of tobacco , und j okes , a n d p l ay ed tr. e v i oli n wh i l s t ,, e dru1 c e d . tho father o i' Gcrr.. 1:r b. l J ohn ~peed t:mi t h l r y . Gcner u l i..: o lli cof fe r i.n t ho ,:; ivi 1 WE;;,r. c om !)l c ted. our L a tin, wi t l V✓h o 'l 'h is wus ki l led u t length, having :, omn other br:.:mcr.c s of l earning , my./ b r o t her , b rutus J •• vrnnt into bus ine1:.u:.1 a.s a f'a r mer s t ockr a.i s er . He war.; noted as t r.0 be s t farme r i n the St ate an { V . �( - 27 St a te - v,ar:; .Pr eBid e nt o f' tbe S ta t e f.g ri c u lt u r ... l lt:1i.r of Ke ntuc ky , t i" irty y ears Pr e }• idon t of t h) Bo urbon Jfa i r Aoaoc1 a ti o n , t wjoe a ~nmber of t ta Leg i s la t ure an d onc e of the Cone r oss of t~e Unit ed St ~t os oc u Union i cl[ ; Lut , o ve1· t lr,n1ing r- lav er y , TTi t h cu t, c .)mpen sa ti o n , a lth ,) ugL pledged r a.ga inr·t c ucr. i llegal a ct i on, h o joine d O o Demo c r a tic ' party,* / *he pr omp t ly me i/the cr ,:n1;;od cond itions fol lowing eman - / \ .,., r " Exec u tiv e jlans i on, ' ~a s h in c tcn , /_.,.. ,,,< /, / ,) i l ;' ...' l ,/ ,,' I { l' / / /' I / " Confi d i nt i n ir.o r epr eR ent a ____ 1 06 4 . t i on8 ann a sf:1 urances m~d(J ar. d giv en by Ho n . br ut us J . Cla y , of Kentu.c.l::;y , tha t if pe r mi t ted and a f f orded r e&son a bl c protoct i on un d f &cili tief: by t h e go vernment , h iri brotb n r - i n - 1mv , Gt r:i ~-. - t o~her f . Fi el d , and l i e s on , Chr is to pher F . Clay , ha v :ing , prior t o tJ-: o r o boll i on , tad own err.hi p and i J ,,f l ewf ul cont r ol oi' c evera l p l ant a ti ons in :,;itrni bs lirppi i b nd Ji r.kans a.s , v:ould pu t cuj.-1 plant ~ti ons into cul t i - v~t io n , upo n o:f f r ee hi r ed l ab or , r e c - f ,, ,l ; I t11n s y t: t em og ni.z ing e n c". nckno\vlc dgi n g tho f r eed om c f tl: n l at ore r s , ( i i '< ✓ ~ l and t ota.ll;y exc ludi n g :fr om ntt i d p l a nta t io ns t h o !~ s l ave ~)Stem of l utor , a n d all actual s laver y , a nd I! wo ul d nei ther do nor pe r mit a nyt hing on said planta ti ons I \ \ wh ic h would a :i d t ho r e bell i on , i t 1 8 h e r ob ~ order e d \ \ t ha t sa i d Chr L ;.;to p},0r Ii' . F i e l d and Chri s to}l ho r F . Clay , \ \ or eit he r of t h0m, be perm i t t e d t o so put sai d pl antations , or un1 of t h orn , into c ul t i va ti on; and tha t t he military �( - 28 • military , a n6 &11 othPr s a ct j ng by t ho authority of ·· •" thr: Uni to cl St>.J t e • • a.ce t o f l:i vo r vnd fa c ili iatc no. i d ••' i i ol d a nd Cl ay i n t ho ca rryi n g forwar d s ai d bu ine su 0 i.n 1:, oo a f a i th , by g j_ vi n g t,h,.::m i rot oc t i o n , t- nd a l l owj n g them t o r r ccure ::m d t ak e to t r.c pr o pe r poi.n ts . t he n ecensar :y r. u1>1- l i e~1 of lltll k inds , u n-a by do in g t:1.na f o:r-1ehri.ng in whatev er wa~) wil l advance tho ob ject Lforesa i d ; pr ovided t hat no ex i c ting mi itar y or tr ~d e regulat ion r:, , n or k.Lny 1rril i t ,.. r ~ n e:c e :-;G i ty be tre n i-- cended or o ve rri dden tr:ore·by . Abraham Lincoln ." .. /. H. .I ( und there remained t ill hi ~ deat h , in hi~ ne venty- tt i rd ;yeu r . .L.. e a ccumuh. t ed a l arge os t l\it e , le ft a l o.r ge family , 1-n.vi n 0 be e n t wlce mar r ied , und w~~ much like my fa t her in ab i lj ty c,na r,abit c . / I waA no;. cant to tl.o c1e sui t Col l oge of St . Jo niph , ir: :i:iol son Count, , Kontu.c ky , to r.- tudy ;i'r c nch under I l)rj nr:t Fo ucha , r~ nat i vr :FrcncJ:Mti n . I bourd.e d witt tho f r:J.. 'tkr of the rrorddcrn t. of Lto col1. ee;e , 1', il t i am b:l der , in ' a bcaut t ful g royc of b c ec1:. t rees a n d ~ nubber y, in wh i ch the wr.i l,o cott&ge r,ai--. 1,t.iJ.t ; and \·.Le r e. I cnjvycd t te ' ad vunt ugcs o~ ttc convcrea t i c n o f Qomc ~r enc t - Cktbol i c s tudent s fro m Lou1G i fina . At leng th , I j o ined t he otudentt3 in the col l cbe , un d t be:r e t oarde d . h ero l h ud my next fi gl.t; for the cnly t ime i n my life a ctine on t. he offen siv e • .oy t b e l z:n:~- of 0.e coll 0gc , a r,:ri c s t was ul wayD with the c tuclents to koe11 or der i n and ou t of clas s h ours . a b out th o l argest boy wab a Kentuckian named T--- r, who was �- 29 - was e vor unn oyine the ~~mall b oys , f.m · then hi.n,~l jne; t 1.cm roug:-:l y , ti ll , :ho got to be thorougr:ly i:at e d l: ;y a l l - go ing ,', f a r e n ough to be o f fonn i vo , h e yet s t opped s bo rt o f o.b - , , to lut e vi oluti on of t h f! n~l e s un r 1 i abi l i t y to £rnnis hmen t bJ· tr. o teuchors . On o day , y;hen we ~-. e r e ct.11 p h i,y ing i n t ho clas·s - ro om , ulJd 't ho S UJ)f) rvisjne· prie:::-t 1:oing out of d oors , s 'omew-hat T---r bog:,n 1:.is us "'ul ro l o of' he ctor . I hod ol c·• erved h i m ~ l ong t i me . I had o ver b een devo te d to athl et ic nports ridj nt, on ho reobac k , box:i ng , r.c..r; i i n g , fi ::: r.i n g , gun ning , jump ing , s cufflinc , wre otling , p l a~1 ine bas e - b a ll , bandy , '. fo o t - bal l and a l l t}mt - ~c I had ~omo confidence in ~y prowress . l was thnn jn my thirteenth year . So , bB T---r wus tor t uring u tma l i boy , \•,.L o b c gu.n to c !y , bo i 1-~ ~oo Bmul l to r each hi ~ , l spran e}up on a ucnc h , a nd h ]t hi m a s ting ing blow upon tho nose , which c auP. e d t h e bloo d to f l y jn ul l dire ctions . we,~ utt orly confounded . ~c wue t ake n by su r pri s e , and '.t'he r,ri 0.st , who h a d 'beard t he \ n oi r.e , l ooked in , a n d , t aki ng i n the s iiua t Lm , wen t out ago. in , g l ad to see T- - r puni<• hed , r. n d a f f ec t ed to be i gn or ant of uny c aun c of o ffence . 1'hi R cu r ed '.l' --r of his evil WdYS , and made me qui te n her o in tho e yes of tho lit t l e fe llows . 1'bo ne xt yo ur , 1824 , .cenry Cl ay , m:; rcroot c r o l a ti vo , \"lho::- o un ti - E: lavor y v i ews I ht:td p"" rtj ally k'noVJn , was t hon :J oo r e ttiry of St a te un dor John ..., ..,incy " dums . I v en tared to write hj m a le t t er , t o wh ich he re p lied i n h i s char acteris tic c ar e f ul stylo of hun d- Tirit]ng . my f irs t letter f r om h i m, be f ore I ha d evnr s e en hi m. On h uppily , thi ~ lot ter , with ulr!lost m;i,, whole oorr os pond ence up �( ( - 3() - u p to t ho y ea r 1 861 , war:1 bu rnecl during t he war , wi t h my s tudy , tho ol d hewed log - hous e homes tead - ~he r o I hLd c a r e lessly l ef t them on c oine t o Russi a . I h u l a ver;y p lea eant ti mo a t the J P-sui t Co l lo g e , of 0 t. Jo t; o~:il , :1tud;yj n g onl;y Fr e nch . s p,3 nt River. I ho.d much l o isur-e, ~nd muc1~ tJ t.':c in i'L ::bing on thn Beech Fork of Sal t n.e:r-o I lea r nea to eat bull - frogs , o:· w ic L my Fr unoL pla;yfil,';i,te s \..-e re ver-J fond . were cove r e d wi t l, i n l a 1·t5e n i.1.mber s . r 1... E;h0G , 'i✓ it r The ba n k s of the river imd. h er e t ho f r ogs were foun d a cotton s a c k e lun g 0ver my sl:o ;f i.,l e r, t,ind a n 0 L .ve cuno- r od o f pr oper lengt h , witb n ~frio rt lino a nJ fish- ho ok ba te d. wi t r: red - fla mrnl or earth worms , l woul d fi nd t he frog:::; ei tt i nr umon i; ti:~o r u8h es , bring tho hooks noar t ha ir mout he , who n ttey would ~atch it an~ g e t .hung . '.!.'hon l wo uld o.u t o ff their hind legs , ana fill my p ouch \'ti t h t 1wrn., t hrcY.ing away a l l e l se . 1'hose leg8 a re qui t e t FJ nder and whj t;o - fl c s hed , lik e tho s e of the gr u.y s q ui rrel, whi cl" i e We s t. H favo r i t o d is h in a ll the Sou th and We h ad muc h fun wit h th0 . f't:io t i,di oun , pass ing off the fro g's f cnt SQuirrel or ch i cken l egs , til l th ey were g re e dily ' er.t ten , anc1 thH n we 1. nform0 r1 the g0 urmans , who n thoy felt qui t o of f ervo 8c ent t:.b out t he s t omno1d He r e I :fo r med the a c qunintu.nco of Rowan a nd Jam es ha r din, und the ir f a t h er Een jt1min Eard i n ; o.nd u l na 1 vit;i ted the family and knew John Ror:an , nr ., and hi s so n J ohn; a l s o , I fo rmed a.ssociati cms with ot h er families ,, nd L .•d ie s , amen €_; other s t:i r: s r:ardin , wh o marri e d Governor Helm. li fe . r,1any of t hes e pe r sons I me t in a..f 't e r �- 31 • CHA ;1'Ii:R II. My f at her's f a tal i l lm~s s c alle d me h omo from Bards-town - wl:erc I had fanned qui t c an att a chment to many f r 'i ends , Ca t ho l i c nnd )rotet, t an t , who mu do ~e ev er t ol c r an t i n r e l i g i. on - to f'c.el t ho g re f! t woe o f h is a p ·p roachi n:.:; <1ea t h , t r.e gr eatest of h ur•u.m c ul a.mities1'. " Oh , Adu , neat h has come) i nto i}·,e wor ldH' haR b een t i'l c cry of al l the c;cn ur b.ti0nn of rnen. tho worl~ ';: itl1ou t cur kn.::n·:lcrlg e . t,na we l.. tb➔ eo I out uncon Rci ot1,, s • t i r e<l c hild s inks in t o i:;l oop . f; o t hek' man t:.t;e f u l ls , tlS i,e ent(~r '-, 0 1,if old a ri pe a.p r lo , fro m the li e ugh . n o t as a. gen el'D l tbin t, , be 1:rny ph~s i c a l pu in in ct.e a th ., wh on th e natural l uw bas h ad sway . It i.s only whe n anolI\alous " ..._ l circumt.ta.nces ., ~nrr ro und u r. th a t the torrors o f thfl ro;J n d • nd th e pains of t he body ur c exhj b tted . 0n tho contrat•y, mtmy i nl.:1tancec ur 0 known whe r e men h a ve boen ci r owne a a,nd \ r es ~o red whe re plcaaure and n ot pai n ~as the t rue f oeli ns So man whe n f ro ~:en t o deat h si nk into swe et un a v1illin £, s l e ep , n r. ,1 refus e to b e re s tored • -"Agnotic'ism is one t h i n g , . Nnd a egr essi ve inf'ideli ty (1 ui t0 ano tJ:0r t:i1in e . I t h i nk l ngo r e oll makeP a mistake in h j r pr opat a ndi sm of infidelity . No man h es a ri cht i n tho n a me o f f reedom of t houe ht. to I ull down e ven a bt..d r; yr. t ern t il l a better. h a i r. able to build up Huch leGi.:. h as he e ri gh t t0J u11 dovm t he bes t r cli g i •.> U!., 1.1ncl rao r, 1 nyBt om evo l v,,<1. i"r .,m the •w i sd om of a ll t ho aL,es , wi t hout buj l d:ing up any ot h nr at a ll ! friend s of Chri s ti a nity n o L b e d k t J.rbed . Le t the l nc erso l l will die �( ( - 32 die an d b e f or e otten. ho hao thron n n o no w light u po n f u i th narr morals , muc h less uon th~ osp..e. o f t ho i:nmortul "'par k , whi c h i s not ma t ter . an d wJ-, jc1: , e vo:n i f it were Ana v/ho can st::1.y tr11 t i t wi11 , mat ter , c an not d ie . or it :;:i l l not • o ss um0 a c0nt i nunl a nd a r egul a r J!r o 0 r essi on o f incroo.sod hap pi no s~; foro v er? i.t a l l o vimt • we have hope l e ft us , i f n o tnin r, ol se ; ar.r1 n e mu y , f r or.i thA lowes t s t 1:111dpoint , say , wi tr, Burns : .K "Her o l ie s and hone r•t mun , i f t h ere is another ,·:orld , he lives in bli ~a . If the re is no otLor v,orld , he maa o t te oe!:' t of this . " ,p l f tho more gene r ic v.ord , a vi rtuou c . ::..n . in t he l u rgost sens e of t he t e r m, wa s sulistj tuted fo r t he more l i ml t e d " l,o no s t;' thi s seems to be ab out tho be t pr: i 0 l ospohy on the whol 0. S llb joc t of Futurit y , so f a r as we are at pr e1;; ent ad vanced in the <liroction of the unknovm . L:n,or t a l ity of t ho So ul c a n not be If the r ove d , it c crt a.inly can no t bo dispr oved ; a nd Ingersol l . At ~nd ing ov er the g r a ve of hi n br oth0r, i t i s : =:aid , i n t hi c found consol a tion . 'Ji~ fath •~r v1ao a De i Bt; and fo r rno nthi::, l o oked deat h 0 t oe~i ly i n t he f a c e wit ho ut the tre mor of a nerve . was his youn ._:;e s t c h1 l d , whom he kc [lt moD t ly '.,vi tl' t i m as nu r Ee, un rl ws i t i ng c l o:=-el y on a l l hiri wan t s . h e a r r a ng e d a ll h is bu i-J i ne s s and p u.pors wit h th0 utmon i c ar e , mid put i ent.l;y ::n,ai tea t ho ona . of h ili ppi , h:i s mi rn1 ni ght befor e tl. 'i'?,S Li >< o :Br ut u s , hefor e t he bo.ttl c but onc e dj L t ur bed ~ jus t t he day o:f bib de a t h . e c a ll ed me t o ft h i ::; l;c d s id e , a nd S l.:i d: ){ I huvo j u s t soen deat h come in at t ha t doo r , " poi n tint3 i n t he d ir oct. i vn of t he family t:rr A VAV A.T'il I �( ( .. 33 - l;r a vey,J.r d . Nov, , after sorne Tho : e wer ·~ h is l m.:; t v:ords . e ·.-· po r i e:rw ~ in l i f e , I s ec n o r e uson f or thuf's f'j ct i.t i:n...s talcs o f tho h or o:f' d e a. t h - beds of i l LUGt ric uc men who .C OTS are c al led aen o~ tic ; many of who /ii h a vo been t ho grea t e s t \ bAnefactor s of mankind . 1'he l e a ving a ll t hat h s.s k nown us i n life , a n d a l l that we ha v e known an d fol t7 iS death . I,S J ohn ~ - Adams sai d: 11 i 1hi s i s t hf! l as t o f earth!" Wit h all h i D Ne w Bngla nc'i ed ucati on of !='r o te t tantism Hn d do c;matic f a it h , he stiid all tr.at he c o uld s ay wi th kn ov, l ndge: i s the l ar,t of ea rth I~ - CV i den tly loo.k i ng back ut what nThic V'/8.S to be l oft and n ot t o v1hut l ay befoT o 1:.:im in ·:,.1-i.e unknown . t}; i 8 , h onever .,., de · rec a f;e d by order ; i:tn c1 thi ~1 the 11 Cnt h tlS i a.s t C, . ilnd i s th0. nat ural 1;J- tir.g " of d i -,soluti on . :But h a ppil y h ere , as I Httid bofore , n a ture pre pares tbe way ; and th e true ..91.i losopher, us v1el l us tlle true Chrie t i an , v,il.l walk putia n tly , i f not wi l l ingly ,/in i t. I t hink I can sa.;,1, j ,,,p b rt :i. a l . y , that my fat bor vmn int elle c t ua l ly a man of tho f irr t o:ra e r. wa~~ not thv t of tr: n tt empted e it r:e r , lli s p ro f e :,;si0n sol di er or s tatesman . bt:.t , when ho hf1 playe d u ve ry ! l gh part . lii n life vms on ,~ r a tJ·,or of 1iu. :-:iin0ss t h:rn an 2 tl1i n g e l s e; and h er o he pass ed o.1 1 his contemp or aries i n th e Wes t . l1hos o who knev, hj m best c ~mua r ed him ft1vor a bly with Kenry Caly; a n d , had sll hi s p o,;:er s b een con ce n--tr a ted in on e di re ct1on , they t}wugr. t h e v,ot,.lcl ha ve rea ch ed c 11ua1 eminence . v ere the opi ni ons o f · h~s n w~o WRTO th emselves eminent , and there fore ve r y compe t ent jud 0 <H~ • · was very 1:ui c'k and c ompr oht:0m 10 ive . fj eu res , ho sai a And t hes e HiG gr usp of a s ub j e ct He nce , t hout;h ;r,;oo d &t he ha d ne ver 1.> tudi..cd t h0m r:ut n ine mon t hs , i .n which h e acc orn_plished m1 much Is ] oth er s in many year s . �- 34 .l:S~ a str tinse mh' tukc i.n 14orace Gr oeley ' p li fe of my"'cl f , th·~ " Li f e a.nil \:r i t i nc s of c • . : . Cl c.y 11 , (1~ . Y., Harper Bro s . 1 8 48 ) - he i P r0pr o~ cntod aG b.i:v i n 0 on l y attended Bchool 11 n t n 0 monthc- 11 , wh en , in f a.ct , he as i:,at well e ducated ate ,7ere men cnn c r a l ly in Vi re:,1. nia. in h.if, dll:)I • Hi s n iyl 0 wan g o on and co :.·n: ct , h i e- voi c e v e r y fine ; l:l.nd ~i~- n hh, s hort ,:, t u t emfrnt s o f u "'Uh j ec t, in ·pub li c l:lp!f}ech, he wa.f: quit o for ci b lc , &ncl. muct af't er t h e mt1nner of .ltr lin.k lj_n in h is gono r ul izuti o n und utt erance . ho hud a thDDougb knonl edge of h uman nature ; en d to0 k v e ry 1)r~rntical views of t he problem of life . r or.h.'r.aber some of his h ;)mo ly but t orse apothe ims , ~1.t: lH•.::,h I wa de1.1 t h: u.nc o r Oi t), tocn a t hin " fo v c r t e l l any on e y c;ur b u.r. iness , 11 1 E n L1 uire 0 1· f ochls tu1d (;h::. l cJ r cn , i:' y ou. v: ic·L to <Jo t cit t hn truth . " T}iie , of c our :.:: c . :referred t o o:rdin,_; r y o vent r; , ts nd i "' ve r y true ; for 1.hoy have no mo t i vo s i'or conc eWn i; ·what t l:cy know . "In tra volljni; in da n t_ or ouc' timer , n e ver ro turn b;y th<1 ~inme ro rdl . " a com 111 h :i a day , }:i gb·.D;y r o b b ery on t ho front io rs wan 0'1 t l ·ng . "lJo v er set y occ.r nwno on the rig ht - hand side .) f tl;E'1 wri.ting ." Thi "' was a :t'or -.! iblc wa: oi' vn.1.rnin g a gainst s e curitysh i p s ; f or th e rig ht - ha nd Did o i s the one of ob li g ll.ti on , th o l o ft oi' a tt es t a ti on . 'llfive r ~ E;.y oi' an;y borly w:lw.t y ou w011ld n o t lmvo proclaimed in the c Gurt - h ou ~e y F.:t:rd . IT 'l l.o for ce of t he pl a ce of utteran ce c an 1)nly b e appr e ciated when ,;o know t J1&t in Xcn tuck~- , in earl t,jrnes , t rwt Vias th e _pl a ce of the a s~emblage of the~ whole peo p le . "\'loll i s the tongue c a lle d a two-e dcod Rv.rord , " for it m!lke s irrepa r nbln f audo . an insul t . m A man will fore ive un in j ury b e fore He can boar t hn fir s t , but not t 11P- l as t , end mainta i n �.. 3 5 • ma.i n t a i n his Re l f - r espe c t . doc t o.t· and the t,Le r i f f . " 11 .Kocp out of tbo h1..1nd::1 of the .L'h a t i ::: , av o i d debt and dts eas e . ' J 1is hand to a n_y wo r k on hin l a r g e r eal - cc tat es , he n ever P1:1-): ffY,.l~ bo c uu::.e he /1. inj u r e b i r l i mbB , ·whe n a sub o r d ina t o r:oul d d o t r e wo r k a::; we 11 . ,.1e v1ould n e ver wr:ilk ..p ct steep h ill to rest li:is hon..ie , as i s t t e a l r!lo~-t universal cu.s t o.n amone Ul&nki na. . lio c u id : '' Triero are forty t h ousanrl or more 1::onrns , ttnc1 bu t on e Green Clay . " Wes th e .t'JO t! t li.nd yot he r ode mu ch , a n a c c.rc i'v l man l <'V<~r knew in havin is M.s horlio c ured f or i n tray el a n d i n t:rrn 8 1..t-ib l e . · c 1·ea i t . He r n r oly i;·old on " .My ;:ro ;·cr t y i s v,orth more on t];c f ,• ,r rn, lie s a i d : or i n th0 store-ro om, t han i.n tr.o r,ockots of bpe ndth rii't s . " he r arely em,r,l 1)y 0d ph ysic i&.ns , h , 1-ci men , Em d wj ne v,i t h ma ny e minen t th tho ooEl t c n l i gh tcmo cl physicians t horo- s e l ve s , tha t n nture i s e tr on t:5er than a r t ; and tha t a man who h ad a t orm of ye a r s t o s tuny his own c on s titut i on woul d be t, fo l l i 1' h o d i . no t u nn ors ! un c1 hit:; oVtn cc1s e bP-t to r t h an one . t oWPV6r ek illle ct , who onl y gavR a fe w mi nu t es of suvcrficiol obs erva ti on to the diseus c . lie o f s l eep . ViUC a harcl - ,:or ker, y c't a lways woold h a ve ,,l e nty 1 h e would make u p in the duy wh a t wus necessarily h e wo u ld ne v e r al l ow c h ildren to be l os t i n tl:e n:i t:,ht . awakened , tut ?tt.w~ le ft ~ , A un de r 1:tl l c,i r cums t a nce s , t o r. ltrnp on t i ll they awoke of th,,m~clvc s . An d th i s is th e mos t i :nr; ortant of a l l the means of he a l th . Ile would n eve r ,r s l c ep i n t h o h o u::- e j n the clay - t imo , ;L cm he c oul.a fi n d a s uit ab l e pl~cc t o li e dowr. i n t h e op en a ir . o f rny g o oo hea l th t o t ho sumc c a.u " e . I at tri b ute m1 The damri µDd cl i• .r kne, o f r ooms , a nd es pec i a lly th e i~per f e c t vent ilat i on , nre ' c a.u s , �( - 3 6 rle unde r s to od ver~ well tba t caus es of unto ld diseases . i rnp uro water was tho cua.s e of mos: sunwier compl eints , a.a flux , di arrhoea , typho i d and bili ous f ev <-.rs , e tc . Hence , he took al l poe:..: i 1)l c r,r e c uaU om; to s Pctire uood pnre wate r. lie bored two a rt esi an wo lls - u t h in 6 almost unknov;n in hii.:, day ; ana they r,ro duce pure wa. ter to thig t i .me . h e Wt-8 a t;re t l,;vor of f,l:tH;p ; ana h ad g reu.t f a ith in ,nut ton . not onl~ for t ts alrceable and nutritj ous qu.H.li t ies , b u t at- a. medi c i ne . When flux preva iled , wr.ich wa~ r arely t hn case among tho b l a ck~ , he h hd mu t ton - :-o up given t o all , s i ck a nd well . It is t he best possible remedy now filr t hnt disease. hut what phy~ i c i an will ✓ opon tho way f or a prac tioe whict sends him to t he 1ioorh ous e? He unoorstood h a mutton- s}ieep ::;hould b e , \7 b11tclle red , a n unknown ar t to milli ons to - day . understood be tter hon t.o manag e h i£> de pendents . No mun~ he pr·ovi cd first - clus f-• clothing , food and [,'b ol ter fo r his slaves; but always v-1a~; rigid nnd exac ting in di s cipline . Of all tho men l ever know he most k e pt in view the means which influ(_•nced t ho e nd . Now . "'la.very wus a terrib l e t hJnL, ; but l:e made it £.:.S b earabl e 1:1s was consi b tont wi t h tho fac t s . tmy o f tho olaves we ro f o und to " p lay the ol d so l di e r" a n d /~ended to l:,0 e ic k , he hltd a ve ry f ine mecUc in e in tho burk "of th0 whi t e - wa l nut . water . Th iB he wo t,ld have mixe d vii th much I f tho pati ent v,aA rea l ly .:.~i ck , i t was a saf e a n d exce l l ont remedy for mo.ny disoas~s ; but . i f he was pl aying u possum'~ he would go to wo r k rat}.e r thun svmllow the bark . here was no market for sheep i n those days ; and my / �( - 37 - ~ my fat h8 r ' s obj e ct~~ slaves v,e l l . r aising flo cks was to clothe his He w1 ~ - always h ad tho hoaviest clotr, made for !llen and women , s.nd then "full ed . 11 opera tion t ho web was t tJickened . and made , li ':e tho f ol ting of tr..o wool - hats , water- proof. "Better He U"ed to say: l ose the val ue of u ooa¢t than t ha t of ib3 workmun . 11 He f n d and EJl:elte r cd M fow l s , and bees . slave s wo ll, allo wing them e ardenfl . Groupt of cabinf..; weru far a.pa rt :for pure ai r. He was muc h ahead of his times in agriculture ; and grerc.tly in f a vor of sec ure sh1":Jl ter fo:r- his stock , e r a in , a nd hay . In h i.s inte rc ours e wi th the v:orld , ho was r nt hor pleasant than res erved - neve r aggres s ive but &lways pre pared for defense. When he wen t to the relie f o.f For t Meigs , in 1813 , whi.ch was bui l t on th'! river Ra isin (v,here no,,; tho city of :tonroo , .:nichigan , fo:rme rl;y known as ~'r r-mch t;o v,n att.:I.Ilds} , l.ns t e &d of g ojng dire c tly to tr, o fort , where:i he munt naco sm,. ril y havo lo bt much of hi s for ce from the Indi 6ll ehfl.r p - ehoo ter s , be lrmded above , built rapidl y fl a t - boa ts , ,nth h i t,h s ide - planks , whi ch wero bulle t - proof, and , thus d r-..1p i1ing dovm tho river, h a har dl y l ost a mtin . Tho defe at of Colone l Dudle~1 was the fruit o ±' a contrar y pol icy . nc wu e orde r ed by my fat h or to attac k a bat ery , s pi ke i t , a n d return to t he boats . But bud l ey , elated by .uccees , followed the I ndians , a nd was cut t o pieces , wi th hj 0 who l o torce. Thi s cua ti on of my f a ther wns regurdod by the unwise �- 38 • unwise as timi dity; a nd , no doubt , to a void such i mpu- ',nen too late , tati-'m , tho gallant Dudley wo.s r uined . of cours e al l agreea, that Glay was the better oomr-iander . GEN . G.hr;J:<.. N C J.. Y' !:> L_g TTE TO Q,. / PT. M. hARRibON . "Fort :.!ci gs , July 8 , 1813, "l)ear Sir: - I shod la have wri ttcn to you more often ; but indeed , my friend , we have but littl e to write to you u 1. ou t , oxoept t he battle , and you l:avo hoara triat told over und over nsain . 1 have bnen confined to my t Hnt c vo1 einc e the 8th of May , nearly ; but 1-.tm r ecovering, I hope , f as t i'. Hero has been a fino f i eld fo r y our surgeons - 200 woundod men , a nd iu ~ few t urgeons ; many li mbs ha c been ta.ken off , and otlier operati one, worthy tr..o attention anc1 axperie nc e of prat• ti-c i oner s . a. Lorrid ~ituati on to be in ; ~round . v10 A si e c;c i s were literally drivon und e r 1'he enemJ ' s cannon - balls an d ~- hells and ::,r &pe and cannister -sh ot Rnd carcilsse" wEn•- w we wore un~ble to meet; an d .e nerf• comrP-llo: to becure ,,u.r·r.clvon by bur rod ne, b olow . 1/e have hud pi cl-~ea up by thn s .; ldiero about a ix wagon- loads of tal ls t.1nd ~ lie lls not burs ted . whicll th o tmomy tt1ev; in nnc1 a t ~Hu- fort . " Your collntryman , Maj . D. Trimble , whom l had appointed Lrigad ier- ,1-uartcrmaster , I a m 11 : ely to loo e. Gene ral h arrison told mo tho other day , ,;:he n ho was hcr 0 , thut he had appointod him one of }i i G ai ds . Major 1'r i rnblo hae rendered me c reat ana important a.sr:ii· tunce. \.hen we arri v ed e.t l!'ort Defi an ce, ,•;e were mot by un expresE.1 from Gene re.l harri s on , inf orminL, me that the e nemy had a r rived a t For t ?,iei gs with th1·00 t bc.meruid ( 3 ,(1)00 ) men , includ ing �- 39 - I ndi a ns ; tind ordered me to unload ou r boats , and fo r c e our Eel ves by r~p i d marcbee i nto fort Meigs . Ge nera l lia:r r ison d i d n ot know iihere his orders mi ght .cieet me ; therefore it wus necessa r y fo1· me to send off an exprens to Gcn e r ~l harris on , informin g him \.~ hero I wus , tho streng th of m.y {command ) deta chment , an d to announce to him my i n tend e d. rout e , 0J1 d time of a.rr i val a t Fort lr.e i gs . While l was l ook i n g out for a pr oper ch& r u cter to execute this dv.n gerous and n e cessar y service , Maj or Tr imble volun t eered h i.h s ervi ces . ho pe . It wus , indee d , a forlor n - :ila, Jor Trimblo oe f out late in th r;1 aftHrnoon, with six or seven men , r owed al l nj ght , till he rea ched the fort , an a v:ao fired u pon 1.md Ijea.r ly defeated f r om our own fort • •M:'! General .Harri son expected t he enemy to force the wal ls , ho had o:.rdered the sen t ri es not to ha il . The night; being e:xcee di n 5 l y da r k and rainy , and no light in t he fo rt , they f ell b elow it , and were nearly in the enomy 's camp before t hey found out their er ror . He was r e c ei ved with gre at joy by Gen e r a l .tlarrison . " On tho day of t ho acti un , ~ jor Trimble ac-.co mpani od mo to co ver tho r etro at oi' t hn remnant o.f' Colonel Du dle y ' e r ot; i mont , and he behaved witlt gr eat coolness and gal lant ry . tie i E: real ly t he so ldier; and has f r equen t ly sol ic i ted my per missio n t o go out scouting and r ec onno i ter i ng 11 l c an n ot tell what mU-y b e tl:o u ght in Xentucky ; 1ut here , tr:e thr ow ing into tl~ir, fo rt the small nucuo ur of tl, 200 ) men ) twelve hunared men , i nv es t ed witl'. s o por:o r ful a force , an d auoh u s ub ti l e enemy to c op~ wi th . i s tho ut;ht to V �( - 40 - to bo one of tho :moct p c: rilouc &.n<1 dango Yous e nt 0. 1·_pri cee an a r my c ould be capabl e of pe r fo r ming wi tt r aw and undiscipli n e d ~il i tia . " Here thn .!:\..entt.oktans d r o vc Tecumn en . wr.o re the l1o t t<-:H, t battle \Va~1 foueht , on d t hen he c .fJ)s sed t h e r iver , a n cl , wi tb the i .r whole f orce , o v r-- r whe l me d Colonel Du d.l ey . nxours , Wi tr dncero respe c t ancl est e em , " GREJtN CLAY. ''Gencnil Harr json loft he r e tho day aft er t he (liege wa s r a i sed , an d , a ve tho oommo,n d of this and all tht1 deJ)art men t ( f orts) post& to me . Here are the 4 th , 17th , 19th , and 24 t h United States Regi ments , t wo(2) oompan ieB o f i~ngi nee r s t-md Arti lJe r i s ts , t wo ( 2) .i'•ogimc nts of Oh i o Mil it i a , tte P.i t t ~bur g and .Petersbur g lfo l unteers , and a Cor ps of Ri f l emen an d Caval r y , tind my Brigade of r{entuc lcy r,a1it i u . r am, wi t h h i g h es teem and r espeot , y our most obedient servant . GRb:KN CLAY. " We rhall mo ve on to ~ful den shortly . "CAPT. Ml CAJAH HARRISuN , Mt . St e rli ng , Ky . " / 2:he i m1pr ess i on of t imidi ty made at .For t lSe i g s , c a.sue d e omo to doub t hi.i:; oo ur age ; but , v,h ils t non e were more pr ude nt th~n he , non~ were brh ve r whe n the occasi on ca lled f or vulor. l~e man who s l ept of t en ul one in t h e wi l d s o f Kentucky , among b oa.r s a.nd lndi :m s , could n o t be o t her wis e t hlm b r a ve . J . J- , owing my fath er money , oh1-.1l len ge d hjm, SU})pos ing t hu.t ho would bully h i m; but my fat her r eplied , tl,roug b tho samo ehun no l of the com.t.'lun :icatj_o n♦ 't'mlat �- 41 '' t f J - wo u l d J)hY h i m firs t , h e wou LI fi e,r,t hiJ1 s.ft er ward . '' Tha t t-iettled t h e ques tion , of c o urse , wi t hou lie o. f i ght . e c onomi ca l i n s a vi ng sme ll an d gr out cums ; but Vl e.B ga ve mof;t l i be rhl l y whe n h l~ fo l t it h i e du ty or his p l e a s ure . l-nd war; lie v11us fond of t,hn bchutifu l , d r oo~ e d v,cll , e cr upu l ol..lS l J cle an l y i n h itJ uer s on and a l l 1:is eurrou ndings . Ho always ke pt g ood li quor s a n d a g ood t a b l e; b u t dr a nk 1:1.n d a t e wj t h mod oration . A c ti lt i va t or of toba cco , nei t he r he n or Hn y of h'i s fami ly ever used i t in a ny wa y . ~ e~ So none o f lis chi l d r en ever gumb l ed or drank t o e xcess. l n the di ~oi pline of wome n , my fat}·e r kne w, uo e very r,onsi b l e man kn ows , t he Ht reng th o I th; noxua l passi ons . i,·a.ture eve r t end s to t ho pres or va tion;I of the races of unimal s . Oppo r t i..ni ty , n otv1i t:i:f:; tandin g ul l t ht~~mont a lism a bo u t innate ch~s t i ty , i e t he cuu0O ofAt Lhape e a f r om vir t ue . l e arn t h i s l e s a on , or \"JO Ame r ica ns mus t soon a r e ruined . Res er ve d an d r at her s tern towa r d t.ii- c hi ld r en , h e 77as y nt inuch oevo t ed to tho1r t r ue j nteret· t s , a n d , und E r a hurd 1.r nar ing , he ha cl muc h t ondernoso towa r d t h om. ho never s t r uck me o. b l ow but once . Hu vi n g i mported u fi n o m1..,r'no Luc k , he had 1:im ti e d t o a t re e; e.nd , whn r t he vmz a t d i nner , seei n t., t ho Lu.ck u littl e bellig er ent , I was jn tto ~ct of i nvi t ing a t ria l of har dn ess of head wi tr t he she ep : .but my father r eturning , and s e e -~ nr- my dnn ger , Wi t h the f l at of hi s ho.n d kn o c:ke o me farthe r thu.n t ho t·- hoep could ;;r obab l y have done . �- 42 - done . Somo of the ce.lumi nato:r-t; of m~· f'acil o wi l l sad on hearin g thi A in aftor - l ifo , that my f a t her t ...;ok need- less proc uations , f or my head would have t oo h&rd 1JT0V f~d i'or the b uck . Re wa:., ear ly convinc ed of the destructive and exhausti ve culturo of tob acco; 2n.d , among the fir::.,t to do s o, expvlled i t f r om hi s lMds . So he saw ~ha.t the uBe of the "infe rnal wee d , n pr ostr a ting t ho nervous system, ~v l ed i n a broao road to drunkncss ond diseas e . and hence hiB embar go against its u c e . " tlc was also very s uccesof~l in t he bre eding of v ~geon s a.nd 'b ees . sayi n g the so wore the ches.pest opcrati ves , " work i.ng fo r nothing, and findin e; t h 1-m selves . n He wus fo n d of frui te an d f lowe rs nnd t rees . an d atte mpted landsc upe gt::.rdening , l,ut i t was the f al s e .iironch re c tan s u lnr k i nd . .iie ha d no i dea of t'h:i ,)ffec t s of fore:::t s on the pz·ocluc tion of r 1:4in , m,:.)ir:ture , etc •• i n agriculture , but bel ie ved tn tho fu tu.re value of timber , and many acres , i f k e pi, in tLo or~i:no.1 trees , jn :t'a ct would s e ll now for more t han t ho land i tsclf . lie had no taste for hunti n e; a.na gun ·1 ing , o.nd l ooked upon th em as a was t o of t ime ; but he v.ras not averse to music nnc1 dan c ing . As ho died while l was yet 1 ui te soung , 1 knew but litt l e of h i s early life . The trnd it ion i s the.t ho wus inspi r ed with a lov o of adventure in conseq_uence of .Boone ' s vh:j t to t ho ·wild s of .o.en tucky ; and my gr andfnthe r , a. s l i1ve - holder , for s ome trj vj.ul offense , 1m t him , 1-vith tho \'"IOmen a nd c hildr en , to · icking, eo tton , t hen cultivated for f am i l y uses , which offended him . At a l l events , he mi g r ated �( ( - 43 - mi grutcd whist yet ~ minor to K<mtncky . and pcli.tical 1.m d civil l ife , t' For h i ~ success . ee Ame:ri can C:ycloP°od i a en a A Coll i n ' s lii Ftory of Kentucky .* *Green Cl ay ctme t o k;•ntucky in 1780. i'ie v:o.s on e of tb <' .Kon t L1cky membe rs l>f tho Virgi nia C1..m ven ·ion wh ich rati f ied t he Fe de n1l Constitution . .By Aot of tho Virginiu LcGiBla ture (1 787 ) . Gr een Cl ay and ot he rs . g entlemen , ~ere made tru~ teos of Eoonesborough , t ho first f ort in Xontuc ~3. which was e,.:it8bliehed as a town in 1 7 79 , . he wac a. rnembor of t,ho Vi r ei ni a 1 1:;g:l :.: l ature before Kentucky uecame a S t ate ; a member of the e econd St a te Cons t i.tutional Con vention , (1 79~l} . The fir s t Coun t y Cour t of ijuartfJr Sessi ons held i ·n Madi s on Co -..nty was compoRe d of Green. Clay , Th oma8 Cl ay , n:nd Robert Eod o s , ( 178 9) . He was a member of the State Legi,- latu:re a nd Sena te, and wa.s actin r; Li eu.temmt- Co vernor on lloc . 28 , 1 807 , when Henry Clay .vtll:3 Speaker of tho Hous e . He lrnilt the first hewed l og hom-rn in :.tadison Gou,nt~ . a nd r eplaced i t wi t h a l1ric lt reti idence in 1 799 . ln th e war of 1812 , 11 Gon(1r o.J. Clay inopiroa G- ernir e.l .Larrison wi tl: such confiden ce in his eminent rnili t ary at,il i t i es • ti.at u 1,on leaving , he ;~l a ced J:t"'o rt ., e i gs un:-ie r com e n f of Cencr,.11 Glay. " Se e Collin ' s h i s tory of Kentucky , vol. 1, pp . ! 55- 6 , 363- 6 ; vol . 2 . pp . 142 , 514 . 522 ■ 'l'homu.s l!l ay , brother of Green Clay , was ~ member of 11h8 firs t nnd t~eco nd. Constituti ona l 0onventions . (1792 , 1 799) of Kentucky , und se vo , a l time s a member of t he J, ogi fi l e.ture und Stf.lte t1 enato . United Stu. to a }~ ena to~ , Thomas Clay .ilc Creer y ( 1868 - 1:, 79) vu).s h1 a g r and- son . Af'ter tho dea t h of rn_y f~th er , in abottt my e i ghteenth ye&.r , I en terud '.i:1·0,ns~lv u.nta Un'i versity , at Lexi ngton , Ky • • Al va 'r ood was t hen p, es ii\ Qnt , succeeding Dr . E . Rollej, who hu.d gained i t qut te &. reputation . rjeing a bril lie-nt so:r·ola:r, o f fino prosen oe , and creat c onv er sational power s , he wat1 quit e t:t figure in t he e legant s ocie t y fo:r wr i c h .Lexington 1.1as t hen noted, ur the c e n ter of wealth u.r1rl refinement of t ho St ate - 1ou1svillo and Covington te jng t hen but vtllagas . Wood was al so a New Engl ander , bu.t a very di.fforent ma.."1 from Holl ey; a fine s c holar , but qu.ito modes t and r eso r va cl in hj s manners anc1 1,ea ri ng . lie was very ri eid in his discj pli:ne und oxamim.i t'i ons ; and turne d out some very fi. n ely instructed :' t udonts in tho short time �- 44 t hat hG was i.c1 t to cJ: i ef place • .il,mong thof:➔ e in my c l ass was 1-l . J, . Ri ce , who bec ame somewhat nu tori oun f'or h is c10ba to with trc i llustri .)U k l e:,rnnd.er Can:ipbell , at .L.uxine;ton , whero hen r y Dla~· prncid e d eo mo de r a t or or chairman . :Phi s deba ter , Rice , whom l h eard , was a. o l ose , silent , and oe vere bt ud e n t ; but he made no mi. rk i n college . Lewi s Roge rs , of .Louir,vi l l e , was a diB t tngt.2ished. physician , and died :in old ~ge , and wa.c1 respect e d the re by e v er·:; one . lle was a member of oy claes , and was the c ontestant with myoe l f for the first pl a ce i n s cholarships . It Wti:S a hard - fought bu. t t l o b e t ween us ; but no publ:i c announc ement of onr rola ti ve r a. nk was m~dc , as Lr . Wood , beint; called to tho better - pa i d presid0ncy o f th e ;i.l abama Unive r sity . lAft us in the senior year beforo t.ho t1m0 of r;n.d.uu ti un . me tte first 1_1l ti ca t ut a~, h e o f'fer ed in tho pro feecorsr..i i s of l,'it, new uni ven-:i tiy , pcrhHf!._ r roa:t not be p r osu.:1iptuoua j n claimi ng praced enco in scho l ur;'shi p i n Tr ansy l va.nia . Duri ng my rosi dence in LPx i ng ton , l hml tho goo d i'orture to kn.ow on d ~1e0 i1 omc of .acmtucky ' e most noted o r~t ors ; henry Clay , Robe r t J . B:reckin:rid e e . Rob ert tickli ffe , Jesse Bl edsoe , john Pope , and ~m . T. Burry . Here . a l s o , l f i rst 1;1uw and made the & c r1 uai:ntl:l.nce of 1Ja1·y J a n e Wa r f i eld , tb ,:, du.u sht e r of Rl i sha ',a.rfio l d • who brea the c e lebr a ted r ace - l,ore e Lex i :ogt on , the b est horse , s portsmen say, tha t ever l ived . Mi PS /;a r f i eld . tl:.e s econd sin ter , was three year s m;y j uni or , of med i um si7,e , grace ful movemi=-nt , an d e;ay , f ascinatin g mW1ners , vrhich are so �- 45 - so n oted in l r inih wom en . me; ti.n d , ,vi tr.. t.t She s e rm(1d e <1ually 9lous e d v;ith fe w lines f r om Dyr on, on tt.o blank leaves of i,ush in& ton lrvi.!1£ ' e ::,kotch Book , if I r omr.mber ar i ght , l left he r a nd ~ex ington , and joinoa Ya le College , in Yankee l and , in tho year 1 831 , nntorj n G the Junior Claee . Hav1.ng letters of introduction to muny distin&ujshed men of uoth 1rnrt ies , 1 cun·ied on, uli:.io to Andrew J a ckso n ( "Ol d Hickor:l''} , who wa r; then Pros i dent of thc:i United St ates . ~ M.y f'ar_!)ily , fat her , brothers , etc ., ,. e r e ul l r~r i ss - Henry Cl ay \"iJ i cs ; and when I , hu.ving sent in my letters, was ushere d jnto tl ,e pre t. ence of tho l:'r0u - i oent by h i e s uc oeesor , u.o.r t i n Van Bru·en , I fet1 r ful that 'M lE: a Ola~• wo:..:.lcl receive qu1.te a cold recei :, tion fnom hurry ' s old foe . hut i t ,ma all tho contrary . Jo.ck on v;as ae c ourteous . uffublo . t..n d agreeab le a~ pos::..i b le ; and , ufter in qt.i rin (, t:d out many of my ac guai n tances wh .. u he knew , ( but nothi n c abo ut .i1arry ! ) where l was g oing , and whut l pro peeed in my Journ,1;;, Rast , ho nimniss oed me , b y tel l i ne; l'llr . Vtm .Buro t.n to tuke care of me . I was our r,ri sed and dcligr.ted w:i t r Jack"'on; and di d not ,,onder at hiu e,rea. t po1ule.rity with the :'ul>lic o.ncl. pe r so n al fri ends . J'l.s I a:pproucl:ed hi m, he rou o up , took me b y t hn hu.:nd and Rea tc d me . ho wat1 u strikint; f i eu.re , ab out a.ix fee t hie-h , of fine bu1ld and military carriage ; hif:l gi-ey hai r cu.t , Wlcl st~naing up , us a ll t.ie JJO rtd'tli t s cho,.·, it . I ir bead , hi{fr,. and cx pansi ve , sLowe d &rc a t intellec t ual a nd ~oral powers . r at], or t u rn t ht;. t bull - dog courae;e wl.ich ha~ alws~s been a t tribut ed to h ' m. But. I need not awoll upon �upon a rno.n woll known , a nd s o oftnn ptiinte d b~ word }•O and 1)enci 1 . ....ft e r l learner1 mor e o f h i n life , and h t..d b;, r t-\i'l ection a nd ox p .- rionce be c ome Letter e qui ppe d f.18 a cri t i c , I thi n.tt r rnuJ' •·a.:Y t h..:. t Jack son wan a. man of eminen t moral c ,JUr &e,e r ather t · an phyr ico.l; t h ougl. h e ha.a amp le store of e ach . l ~n , lL.. c othfll~ tini mm.l s . hae a. mental s t r u cture from the brain a..nd nerven ; s-n d also a phys i c ul structure - t he bn i in , nervos , a na muneles , being mo:ro uni icd in tbe 11:ist . Dr. Joser..'h Rodos i,ucJ.anan , I tr.ink , ha:.. pr oven ·Lc~10nd Cl:ivil tr.Ht tl'.e ant ~:ri.or brair. i t· t te place of t be i nte l le ct; an d thfl pol?to r j or porti on , re oti ng u pon t he nec;c , i s th ,, t \-.-l ic h rc c uJ oto:.; tho mur-cles , 1.1. r> sonseb , the sensual a nd the s ensuous s en t iments . c.ctions &H1 fH1es ions . Whih· t rojoctin g the elab 0Hlt 0 tu uaivi s i onfJ of tho br ii.in Y1h ic.r. p hr r;nolog y cl6- imE , l tpink tho~o two e re.ind iii .... i s i ,--m s of oraniology mm;t bo L.Cce ot o d a n f u cts . ln the bull - dog , we huve the immense ne c k and posteri or devel opmont of the b rarin , which impels him to sudden and unr0fl ecti nt brute fo:r ce an d courus e . But 1n the shaphord , tho ppani e l, t.nd 1.110 St . ho rnard • ·.to see t he li6htor ne ck and the fac i a l angl e o f the c r i:iin more elevate d . app~ ximo.ting in det;roe the " human fa ce diVJne . " he who l e mcooi r s of J ock~on show thut he acted occordine t:..i.& to hir fac ial , or l't1tr.er;ctuniul 7 structure . tle was not ½uick to reoent injur ies , far le:::rn to ruuh i nto r,er r., ona l a ssaul t; b ut , on th e c ontr a ry , was quite well r>o i s e d and c,.,uti ous i n diffi c ulties , whenE9 f orce 1t•r&.s to be us ed . He showe d this in l io lnd i an wars , rrnd a l so in h is ba ttlo a t How Orl oo.ns . But , "bei ng in",he exertea a ll h i moral forcos . an d a ll hin p hysi cul p oners . to t ho fullest extent . ✓ �- 47 - So he at t a c ked t he Br itist unawar e s b of ore t te g re a t ba ttle of the 8 th ; n ot s o muc b to demoralize those tra ined vet e r ans , as to prove , in a one - sided and partial suc cess , to hi s own ne w troops , that thase "Red Coa ts " were n o t i nvinc i ble. Then , agai n , on ac count of the s ituati on of t ho g ro undTll t he British must ad vance at righ t li ne s in the front , or no t at a l l . S o he 'v'l i esely i ntrenched and f ort i f i ed wit h t he celebrated cot ton - ba les , wt i ch we r e not onl y a ccess i 1,le , but t.he fine s t possibl e mate r i a.l for the purpos e . result all t h o wor l d knows. The And this mental foresi gh t i n resi s t i n g force , o r other ob ~tr uct ions of a me ntal \ or s en timental c ast , i s moral c our ~ge.!..- And this a.11 gr eat statesmen , and gonera l s have exh i bited ; notab ly, Cae s ar , h a nniba l , Sci p io , Ifapo leon , and o t hers . At Lodi, the bria g o mus t be pas~,e d , or the ba ttle l ost ; and tho battl e lost in the enemy ' s c ount r y , wi th an army nur1.1er i ca lly great l y i nferio r , an d f a r from recruit~ --or s uppl i es , all was lost . henc e the 11 Litt l e Corporal" \ \_ ., went i nto the fi ght fir st wit h th e mora.1 and then the 1 br ut e c o ur age unj_ tcd; a n d f ortune s too d on hi s s i de . I \ :-::-l " ' Henry Clay h aa e qual moral courae e v.ri th J ack~i on , but he "'"- :-. ,I \:_ '\ '."'- l acked milita ry gl ory; and , wit b tho i gnorant majority , milita r y glory i s appreci a ble ; whilst mora l co urag e a n d in te l1ectual sta tesmanshi p are i n c ompr e h en " i bl e , such confli'ct , J a ckson , of cou:rse , triumphed . In e~li Had Mr . Cl ay accepted the Gen nr a l shi p -i n - Chief i n the War of 1 81 2 , as pro pos ed by hi s f:ri onds - t he Presi dent , Madi son , be ing ' ",, '),1 \' ~ \ �- 48 being one - th~c1u· a~\ -l'it ( ' f~reat/and s ® e Bf, s no d oulit J.mt ho woul d ha\.'~ mud e a o.-lf m "'-'IV ~~ 'E,.(,~t:.-J" ~"~ .-t• ..-t;, M~l~~ ul :rivalr y in our country , He.i<".ry Clay · A and llnd rew Jackson were tho mo~t a li ,:e in clu1rr cter. Of ull tl•.e generals w l:::i h:no livo cl , Ju :. iue C3esar vms tre gre ~1 tes t; Emd he was f re i t in all th a deIR,rtm ents of human effort - re at os a l awye r, ereat as an orat or , great BP a h i storian , and g rea test &o a [ Cneral. ln the oocial cir cle , umon g me n an<1 women , he had no su ;,erior ha ndsume , affnble , oonf ioer~te , nd ~£cnet ie; whilst in battle he was gu!ck , c tern , und inflexi ble - first antic i pat inc all obetruc ti ons , una then ruAhinc like explodi ng dy ne~ite u pon his astonis hed foos . J aclrnon on a Cl1J. y , 1 f they had tho o c1 a al tnlent of Caesar , had not his om,ortuni tios ; and , after all , fate plays a e re&t and unknown pa rt i:i hu.mnn uf:.'a.i r s , and men are rathor the se quo::-ices t hun tho dire ctors of' events . Later in lifo I knew Thomas h . bcnton . On th~ ,,£>me o cc l:!si 0n l was int:i"oduce d to John C. Calhoun , who was r;ui te co:ir teous to me . I hb.d no a dmiration fo v ki t short . Still , as t : e man ' t; princi ples , I rondo my ·"'-· Hi s pe rson was g ooc1 , and hh1 fa. ca intel loctual · and oxpro3s i vo ; but ho left no e r e at imp rN:H; i on on my memory . As wo were· in antagonism o.1 1 our l i v s o n g rea t and concfi'l ic t i n r.; p r inci1~los , 1 say no more a bout him. 1¥1.r . Van Bur on i nv :1.ted mo to a family dinner , h i s thr e e sons boj ng ut t able , amo ng r;horn was " Prince J ohn" , as he was famil i a rl y oa ll ed by his f riends , whom l aft erward me t in Rus::da , una of wJ-.om I ah&ll s peak agai n . ~an Buren �- 49 - j$uren v,aa kind 'tut reserved . u.nd l only r emember his r ather sguaro Cierman fc:..ce i:.na head . And hero I was struck wi th the different mt:nno:ts 01.' tLc North a nd the South, ~ . ich oonti nuc to thje day . 1'be hU8siam, of tho h i gter class are more l i ke thn Soll.tho rners . than the Sout her ner s are li ·o tho Northerners . In Baltimore I :made thn acqua intance o i' !"ovordy J ohnson . and r.i::. mos t ag reeab l e fai!lily , and other men of less note . In J;Jhi l m'l.0l phia , l c a rried lettnrs to J ohn So.rgen t , and I wus int roduced to t he Ineersolle , Biddles , and other dif!tin~•ui.shed families , who left no im1-,r ession upon mo . Nc:w Yo1·k w~s democl'atio , and then r•rovinc i ul , compared to l'hila.dolphi e. , a nn I curried no l otterR t here • .i?a o sin0 Now t:aven , I v'l ont to .col ton . and :!\::rmod tl very l u.rbe cil·cul0 oi a c quain t a nces • .! caniod le t t ers to John ~uincy .Adums , Coo', i!O Tjcknor , anc1 others . I saw Mr • .Adt.1ms on my second visit to Bos ton , uftc r I had beeun poli t:i cal life , at his ovm homa at <.._uincy , and spent ov er an hour with him . nt that timo ( I nc~er have been the r e s i nce , ) the famous man, t hough weal thy , l i vecl in a f r amed houee of very humbl e pretensions , i n an a gr e eabl e i• group of trees ana shrubbery . Tho celfl ine was ver y l ow, being muob le s r1 a i r y t han my ovm hour,o . I found Ur . Adums at homo , and , ,1ai ting in the hal l to send in my c o.rd an d le t t e rs , i n a v~ry chert time I was in the prosenc e of th~ s t~tcsm,ln whom I eo much admir ed , as the fri end of Henry Clay . lie 1,~ to o well known to cal l for my i mp r essi ons of h i s pe rso n . lie recei v0d mo v. i th a smile ✓ �• 50- omi l e , and t a lked l one and familia rly wi th me . but t.fter t s uch a l apse of time , but l i ttl e r emai n~ on my memor y . I only r c ce.11 thut he tol o mo he never mi ssed an appointment in h i s lj fe . I . knm·, i ng th0 car elesr, habi ts of t he 11 Sou th in that res p o c t , e.~d d to hi m; spi:=: ak of appointment s t o speak ". You , of course , "No" , r etur necl he; "but in all ·tho tnmsnc ti Jns of 1 if e . I mako it a rule to bo pr ompt aJ:'~ at the ti me named . " ~hi"' made mrnr. an imp reeejon on mo , that I deteruiinod that I would i mi t e.to hi.n my~o lf. .And I can nov1 say t hat I have mado more publi c spe oci.es than a ny mun . , ( , ~ ( '4 ~~--4 in America. , ~eept,;_A,e- tho public lett.e~ m1;1s, I\. and I ha.vo never missed a n ap poin tment . be~ so calle d , I was alwsy re ady to move , ~nd to mo ve on tho first conveyance. S o t hat , i f tho f ir st boat , car , or stae0 broko down , I wo uld have tho chance of t ho next ; t-ind , if there were no oth er trains or conve~a nce , l ho.cl at l e a.et, a ll chances o f r apa ir o f t h o ones usod . Unce , ho...-:ever , whil::: t lecturing in New York, with a ll my pr e cautions , I mis s ed c onnec tion , und was abo ut t o l ose my appo in tmont. I waa getting t he n f~om f i f ty t o one hun dre d dollars for each l Aoture ( a lareo s um th e n f or any one , ann l was not i nt c r ~ot od in it) , ~o I lo ut tbet one , l lo~t no t only my hundred doll ars , but was l i kel y t o los e t he ne~t series or a part of it . So , go i nt5 t,o a rai lroad o f fic o , l po. i d f1 f 1;;y do llars a spe c ial car , and tirr i v od in time . Tho audienoQ , u f u ll house , wero all in , e.n a v;&iti ng for mo . wa near l y up , and many sai d : 1'01· The tirno "He can not come ; the train �- 51 tra i n i s in , a:nd Clay not on i t . 11 know inc my pu.nctuul i ty, s~i d : 11 liero a fr:!. end of mine , I wi ll be t a hu.nored dol1 a:re that Cluy 1.'rlll be in ti me 1jy tr..e clcck 11 • wus made , und in I walked . My fri e nd , who a.:fte.rward told me the oirc ums t un oe , saia : t ollirie; the lo se r that it Th~ bet n1 Wf.J.S l:.anded back the money , no t f a ir to tl;ikc it 1.ip on a certaint y of the result . it Wl:on I s poke i.n Ohio , in 1876 , I was fo rtJr mi los av1ay from my f;.ppointment i and th e re bein g n o t-it aEe , boat , or railru od in tha t direction , ~1 1 my fri onds sa:i.d it ,;,•:as i mpossi blc ; but I g ot t h ero in ti me by carri a &e , wtth ro l a.;ys ·:>f ho:z:·ses . and, ury So , i n 1 8 75 , I was at :uem1.,his , ap pointment wu~l a t Groenvi l le , iJissi Bs i ppi . All said it was 1lSele sc to t'J. ttompt i t; > yet . after forty - eieht in hour.0 ' struggle , l was the p:re"'enco o.f' my expec tant au.di onc e , Hnd rE)Ceiv-ed wi t h g roat enttu.sia•'m.. s o . in a ll my life- work , l h13:i;e not rocot,n i z e cl the i mpossi b l e t ill fate had finally decided . Somet hing of t hjR i~ , no do u )t , con - etituti onal ; but mu.ch 11,1-lS t,r..c r esult of illustri r.>ns exmnple . Alt t his vis t wnG probabl y in 1844, aft e r I had entered u pon my a.nti - sln very ca.re or , Mr . Adt:i.rns pai d me the compl i ment o f saytn0 he r e g ard ed me as " ono o:f the p ill ure of the temI)le cf American liberty . " At t!l.Y first vi f: it to Eos ton , I carried lett e r s t o Danie l WebHter , ana nnd.e his a c quaintance; but of him I shall sey mor e hereafter . hi s Bost on home . I found Geor ee Ticknor in 1 well rememb er b i s. massive . hig h fo r ehea d . and d.in tingui s hed bearing. at hie hous e , I met ugain Dani e l r;ebster. He had the la rges t private lib. u r ;y I ha d s e en - t he \',hole v1a lls of �I - 52 - a l Hrge room being f ill ea wit h books . Th en and after ward I met and ma.oo t hfl a.c qu aint anoe of moot of Bos ton ' s dis - t in g u:lshed men ana v,·omon : t h,1 Ot tif,es ; Dr . Whitti er , th e l)oet ; the (-c.u:incys ; Howe , a n a hifJ :'omo us wif'e , Juli a Ward Howe , whor.i I vis ited at t heir country home ; John J . P&.l frey , John .A. An drew , and Edw4r d Evo r e tt , with all throe of whom I a fterward had co:rr espona e.nce • as v, e ll a s wi th t.he Quincys , .Pbill jip s ea , e to . ; Wm . Ll oyd Garr i so n ; Rober t flinthr op ; Judge :Bi g elow . a nd h i s a.ccompli she d l ady , who :. e gue s ts Mrs . Cl ay and mysel f -;,; ere in 1844 ; i.1nd (;horlcs Sumner , who afterward vi ci t ea me in Kentucky . .I saw Rufus Choat e , the lawyer . but was n ev or pre sented t o him . I wel l r emember hiB large .f rame, and g reat thoughtful eyes ; but nev er heard him o.:,eak. l t was much la t er i n l i fe whEJn I me t my e ccentri c and di s tineuished f r iend , Benj . F. Butler , who , liko the German c ar p , is l ikely to live a hundr ed y ear s , and keep t he wat0r s muddy a nd tur bulent a ll th e tim(d �I - 53 Cll.Ai:>TER III .As l was woll u p in my r- tucUe"l , o()i.n,_ ~.: t;ocd Latin :..1choli:.r , uncl thit 1 nst t r..- .n \r..o ll veroed in the Fr enolJ ( thcfg h " as not i n the r~ gu l a r eeurse) , I ousily j oined the Jun i or Class in their l a8t ress i.on , toward corn, enc omen t . Jerem:iah Jlo.y wo..f-'. prcs i dont , and well o.dvar..ccd in l i fe ; unpre_poso ossing j_n foaturos , yet r.·i th 1;}10 imprest, of a h i 0 h mor a l and benignant ne turo . I ho.d gone to .Boston in part to <letermine wliether I v.ould enter Harvera or Yale , and decid e d to g o to 1iew Rav on, on. a ccount o f lts reputed beauty of trees , nt➔ we l l it s re p utati on fer th o;rouehness i n educat i on , - a prime q ual i. t~r ul m~wi th me . \'t i ~.LS .iior v;hen I r., tudio d Lati n th Jodlw. Jf·r y , Grav es und Ea tes , boardin g more tbu.."'l u " m1 l e from our e chool , often camo to cons ult with t h e ol d t etiChor a.l>out tl:o t r a nn1utj on o :f d iffer ed.. H e i.ng l fl wo1·d wh e n t hey Thii:- waR tl:c way to make t~re a t "'ch ol a rs and i 1ho vas t f'iold o f t he "curriculum'' attf-)mpted great men . in modorn times is morn destructive t o u ~o intelle c t t han no oducuti.on at t-t ll , in th0 great rosf: of Atud ents . The mind , enfeebles by trequent f ailure to grasp t l e £Ub ject at issue , be comes often despondent. ancl a t l est impotent . Ther e wer e quite a. numbo:r ·o f Southern e r s thon in Ynl e , so I noon felt at h omo , anc1 j.?lnte red. upon w.y studies with good heart . I joined one of t he co l le ge sociott es , and took a l e ading r,art i r:. t}I<> neba.t os ; but , a l.i I so on ontered u p on a n exciti.ne poljticnl carocr , I do not n o w r em1,· mb er to ~hat s ocie t y I di d. or do no\'J be l ong. t he Alpha beta Phi~. and ami able . him. l bel i ev e it was Ere s i dent ~ay was si l ent , d1e ni fi ed ho h over s a i d anything ; but we ull loved .&11 the other 1iro fosr ors h a d t h e ir &dmi; rers· a n d �- 54 - t hetr criticsJ, ' Bon j u.min f~il~an , the cbi ef fj guro . wa.s then in the ho i g.t t of his eminence a.s ~ oh emis t. a nd invEmtor , und exp e r i menter , in a l l th o c:ivi. lj.z ed world ; of large i::taturo s.na of l a r go b r ain, ana nae lw.ppy EH1 a hig rmnfl.ov-rer; 11 full of vanity , but of that pl easant so rt which 7 runn int': over, allows Mi.; fri0 ndH to :.~h!;l. re the tntoxicntine fluid; 1.rnd so ho , too , had no en emies . i?ro - fas u or Goodricl1 v,as ambiti.cuo an<1 great1 l suppoee , i n Gr eek; but , as 1 wont through :f'o ur C,)l leges , and don ' t f. rofcesor know my Creek let t ers hardly , l paso on ! J. l. . :iU neBl ey was a man of hi 3hly respe c ted . no com ion SEm~e , and r:uf! . 1:'rof0s~or 01.!!!S tee.cl we.e s ilent , ami able , and li k ed by his scholars . t h o l cadinc in-ea.cha r fj j '1:t.e Eev. Leonard Rn.con v:as then n t he Ina ependent P.r.osbyteri an Church at ialo ; a cold , techi n i c a l , dcgmat ical .Pu:dtan . e was a lways an uncompr omis int:; defender of ,, l avery; bol ster.ing it up , when it only c oul d take a stcnd in the Jewish Scri p tures , afte:r i ·t had. been driven fo r centuriefl rcrhups he from the hear t s of a ll true Christ i uns . fowi d i t hi"' inte r es t t o b e on tro v,jnning s ide f'or the Uni on when he saw i t was inevitabl e, a nd that slavery and a l l its d e fenders woul d go do~~ ! Eut I pass t he lea rned doct or to consi der e. c har a cter wo rthy the aclm ira tj_on and gr a titude of a ll mankind . On e of tho pe culiart :i c•s of t.hn a.nt i - bellwn tiL1es r · ~~~ wa.s the i s lol a.t ion of t Lou ch t b ctvveen t he Li ber als of t be South a nd t he North . Such vla.s t h e pol icy o f the South . So �- 55 So , whe l enternd Yale , with my solll full of hutrec'! to sla.very* ..I 6 ss1us M. ana hi. " brother , ~idnay , . ,Cl&y , had , ,rev1 .Jv1s lyAjoined an emancipation ~: ociety in hlorce r ,J ou.nty , -..y. See vol . 2, ..... . ,,~\ R. 1 ----------~ I h ad nev e r¼!21 /7 known anytl: ing 01' Garrif:. on or his Soon after I cnterod coll ogo , bAfore I had history . no ted the si.tu.ation1 it was announc ec"i that Garrinon was goi ng to spoa.k in the South Church t hat night - tho church , at least, n0ures t the ~outh of the c !. ty , ana t l t r. ink , so ct:.>lle d . " Who is Garrison? 11 l flSked . the Aboli t i oniHt . Don ' t you know? 11 "Why ~;a.rl'.''if::1o n is ~o,as I tad never heard an .Abolj_ tjoni ti , nor th e n ame harc11J1, I went to hear Garri so n . J~yery aoceseibl e p lace was orov.ded ; bu. t I p r e ss ed on de t e r minedl y to the front . so i'a r at.'\ to :~ee nncl b.ee.r him fully . ln plain , logi cal , and sententious la.n t~uuge he treated the "Di vine lns ti tui. ,1nn oo· as to bu.rn 11ke a brana,ing iron in to the P.J.ost callous l:icle of thc, s l ave hold.e r ancl his defend ers . me. This was a nr w revelat i on to I felt a ll the hor:roro of s lavery; but my pv rentr0 were 12 lave - 'holdcrs; O!!liQ ii all my knovm kindred in Ken - tucky were ~ lav e - ho l ders ; a nd 1 re E!U'(led it as I d'i.d other cv,ils o f humanity, us th e fi xe d law of !fa.tu.re or o f God . and submittoJ at-1 best I mi eht . But Garriso n dragged out thn monster from a ll his cit adels , l:ll'ld l eft him s t r:.. bbed, to the vi tals , uncl clying a t the fee t of every log ic ~l an.d hone st min d. As water to a thirst y wayfarer , were to me Garri s on' s �- 56 - Garri son' o ar e,tu:ient i:.~ und s en t i mr nts. Re wae often r.uJ d l)oi s te r ousl;y h is s e d ; but I o too d Eilcm t a n a tl-10u,;h t ful another meet ing of the jn tbo doptl1s of' my n e w t lou :~ht . citiz ens wiu:, c a.lle d for 1.h '3 next n i eh t to answer GarriEion . I do not now r emvmber who Wf!re t ho or ators; but the nLiboral" Dr • .Uncon oueht to ha v e boen :tf he was not . t he ma n to answer Fuch t1·ou d logic of' t:r-uth , rm fl j ubti c; e , ~md relie5ion, una humanity; f or he :tad tlu.•t te mperaroen t an d technica l tra ining whicb be at fittetl hitn to mHke tl'1e worse a1)pear th e better cauue . I once mo.-rc got e~t;e.A 1:. eood p l o.ce to hoar; and, u s sor his m after s ophi sm, an d f t:il s e c onc lu::1ion f'rom more fa l se as cumr ti om i\)l l owed , in chain - lik e s ucc e ssion , they were g reeted. wit h thundering a ppl a us e . me f rom my apathy . I felt the grea test i nd i cna t i on . never , ir. o.11 m~ lj f e , was s o a.t; i b -J.tBd in bl ago . Th i e aro used fJ. I public a s~em- I f irst t h j_e h t I would interru pt, him , Hn<1 de;ny hio assumpt i.one o f f a ct ; then I c onoluded to ansv:er );l.im in orde r ; and , was f re pt:_rin g t o do so , wh ,'3n on other s prtµig n:p . a.n d gave mo tj me to r o:flect, thut I h ud come to Yal e to l e arn , a na no t t o teach. So r returne d to my r oom a s full of t u.mul tuouc< emot .i ons as on t he ni p;ht before . r tb..en rosol ved , h uw ever , thut when I l".i.8.d ttc otreng th , if ev e r , l would c ive t-i.lnver y u. det1.th strugglt-:3 . I pursued my ~tdies mit h ene rgy . ? e bruary , 1 832 , r wac c h o e en t o d oliver the Cen t ennia l Orati on at w~ehington ' s bi rth. pa.rt of t he Senior Cl ase. Thi s I s poke only on tho Ther0 was no other sjmilar oration made in Now Haven on th a t day . of the On tbe 22nd of tl!tJ,J 1 Scci al So I had t he whole and liter ary , o f the college and Il!ew Haven �- 57 Ea.ven to hoar me . An d there I made my f irst anti - s la very s p eech . * * \~.5~ ~- z!AL .f1 PEAE Fi--:o:·,: '.;.'ii, '..[' TU,",0 \1, Y::T.MH . t~L·I'.L'Oli :- On t h o imn i v er s ar y of' Wash :i.nt:,t on• s b ir t l: - de.y , lt'obr vJ1.r;y 2 2 , 1 8~32 , i t wa s f:iy p rivj l 'go t o l ir., ton to an addres s fro m Ocs si us i'.,1. Gl ay • then a member of t ho f' on j_ or clam~ of Ya le Coll e ge . i'he add r e sr; was C1 o l ivere l'! in t h o · 0onter Chu r c h , 1qe w n aven . '11ha.t i t, was a s plendi d e f f or t an d el oq_uc~tl y d<,l i vero d , I nee d n ot ' ·a~1. 1'lwr e 11 .tla r t y rdom to >rinci pl e " t h &11 has e ver s inc e . c har vc t e r ";..zed t he act ions o f. Mr . CJ.c1~ . On my way t o my r oom 1 wae a c c os t ed b~ 0n r.1 of t he tu tor s vr:i U : thf~ 1·Amo.r-k , 11 i': asn ' t that splend i d.? " I re1. lie d. tha t l t hough t t httt the l as t s ent e nqe or two s unnissed a nything t h a t l 118d ev er he a:rd or r oad . 1-. f t or c or: ver s i ne f'or a fe w moments t r..c t u tor :renwr k e d e.o we Hepa.r a ted, " We s hal l hear from thltt f o l lmv yet " l g not t !d~· r ol)hecJ v erifie d ? wa1::1 . ,exhi u i t e d t he same S • A • R;;J Jl)O.N • $out h ,m l es , Er i ~ C~.z: ~ul;y . 22 , 1845 . ;1,::·1"·7- 'A}()t,,, ~e O VCJ 1 • 2 , Ji: 1 ( See Gre ':' l ey' ~ 1 1 f ,i and Y.ri t in GS of c. ·,1. R. Cl ay , New Yor k , My mot he r , my eld e r bro t her, S i dney P . ( A 1 8 48 . ) Presby t e ri a n) , urld a ll my fumil;y ( bu t .Brut: 1.1 s an d I) , rw :-.; i ct ers ln i za b otl: , Paulina , c.:nd Anne , l>G longe d to som o c burch. T'n e moral as t he e vi l pass iom: do . s cn t imc 11te mo ve in c oncert, Sc thee, c oe d seed wh i c h Ga r r iso n had wate r ed , an d Wrii ch my olfrn l.•itter expo rio nc e had sovm , arous e d my whol,: eou l . There was a. r eligi ou~ r ovi •va l i n our l:'! e ni.()r yoa r . I , too , a' ,u ndonea my ol d depart ures f:rc;r.:i t he known pa t hs o f' tho eterntt-1 l uws , a nd joj_ne d the r e vi vv.li ts : ana was bap t i ze d t y t11e Ba.pt is t mi nj c t er i n .1" ew .daven Sound . lily moth er vva s a Cal v i n ict ] aptlst , a n d n a t m·ul l y I would fal l ·i,Mt/18'!"' in t o he r c hurch ; 'but ,, 1·en I romcir11l)e ~ he s p0ak er' in t h e Gt:..rrison f o r a y , I c -:.: i;.ld n ever fe el brot he r hood f or such Shr i s t i ans . pr e u cher , e n d wa s So 1 s ough t a comrnon - .pl a ce '.Bapt i s t ~ baJJti z ed i n t h e s e e , and r e c e i ve cl int o hi s �- 58 - 1 re c eived my r eligi on as ~ matt er of cource , hh: churc h . just al:' I d i d 12,l1.:1 very , on tru c t; but v,l.on l began t o :read tho fc ri pt ure c . on my r ot11rn .r,.G mo~ (l U:e l-'alr•y 1 l.:\ :Evidenees oi' Ch:ri Dt i uni ty . ) tb ey r ather u r. r1et tt&n c cnfi rmcd m:y fid. t h ; an <l I f t nally v,r ote t o imr l~e w lla vtm r!linio te:r to ei, ri k e me from the rol l of t he church • Thnn l wnc r emind ed of .Bitcor.. •::.; t l :oo log-y cXi d i t s f:ruits , v1h ich I h t;.d. se en i n t he old 3out l: 0hurch ; f o :r 1 rw.w r-1.ll v.round r.1e the \Jho le cle r gy , wi.tJ i tba e:xce ~•tion of John G•.!te e (n ow of .be r oa College . :::ladicon County , .Kentucky) , s ta.ncU.ng f or &l a.ver y ,., r a I h ad. no f0. llowship with mon " Divine ln•• titut j 0n ! 11 with rsuch u croo f ; und .r r:, rofer:red , i f C-i-od wa:.-, on thr. t ffido , to r.:; t r. n d i-:ith the 10vil r ~ t h P-r ; for be wnf, s i1ent , ..,o& - a.t l urnt . aaJD llllli v ~ So , if I se.io 1:,. nd wrote h ::.. ra tJ-.ines age:i ns t the fic ri p t,1lres , and oc 1>=-Ci,01lly th r proache rf~ ~ it v1as b ecause t hey were th e .<'a l r; e r,r o :-1r:_e ts wl icl , it was ncces Eiary to dcEtroy nith s l a very . But l a rL; Ar exr,;erience in the r;o rl d has tt1.l.ght me t o l oo1:: u.t Chri::,tiuni ty ( t r1o u eh tr.o cler gy h t.V e cl.one more for j nfi no l i t,y t,h.s.n all t l: e infide l s ! } in a broader opprec i a tion , 1rnrl ,.,.i t r : u. me re :p11ml os ophica l spi rit . !l.ihe true t heory I ha.vo touchod upon in t.h c chapte:r \7hero I opeak of In ger f\oll . And \.'J e mu..c; t look upon the Christi an syr t e~ not as a matter of faith. nor ae a relig i ous code only , but OY u great mor a l gystem of infinite worth to tho human r uce ; not a t all t;o be quot-, Lione d , fa r loss r e jcc ted , becaus e t here may be jn it s profess ions or h i s tory aome a ss umed fa cts i r ro conc tl a.blo wit h reaso n . We muo t :;; t and with �- 59 - wi th ¥r~nklin in bib uy6tem of morhlity , as i llustrut ed b~ 1 <~ found i t difficult to s ri nd 11:'.iB axe o.lto ~,ethor brigh t ; l:ut cHd not t h ereuv on throw it uwa,y . lt wi1 G a go od and lU.~o f ul axe , <"} ven with a few incirnificant s pote left upon it . So I stand by Chri s tianity , 1ww0ver re p - ro sentEH1 , or howovor mi s r epreBentE3d - see.i ng u gn ,n d &nd e.:.:nob ling anc1 savi.nz. sys tem left fo r t he r1l eve.tion and After you ha v e wat~hc d awuy all t h e happineB s o f mank ind . d irt and a ll th e tf..l.ttored r a t,s , wh ich enemies and fulso or d e lude d friends h a ve t h~own c1ro u.nd j_t , thore Christ fo.n - ity s till s tands i n. unr i.valled f1e r f ection an d boaut;y, v:o .rthy oi' our r.i[,hest 'N01' $ hiyi and d0v0 tion in tho v,·: n·ld ; a.:nd our on.l y hope of un.otrior nnd a better life in the in i't nite 1.mknown . '.l1he C0S1WS , i 1'1finite in itself, ca.r1 n0 vor bef{ ilh:i s mo r ning it w1--.1 s solved l,y man of fini te f ~cu~tieEi . du rk , und in a few minutes t he l i g ht of rncrn began to e tre am thro u_eh the➔ •w i.noow- s hutter s - wondc➔ rful work of No.ture or Di v'inity . 7:t.ese sume wonder s h s..ve been r epeate d a ll t '.hose ye ars of c. l on e an d ol, s orvant l ife . They have teen su11je a ted t o a. 11 sc i enc e , avid all l ogic , ant: a ll spec ulation ; and. they a re so lved as i n my infancy . &.S fur f'rom being l t may be sai d that of t he rieresfter . am1 o f' t}"e trnm.ori;a.lity of tho soul , v.-e know nothing . Gr a nt ed . If u i'utu.To l ife c tm 11oi be prov0d , i-~~~..,..fle"~~~.._--:--....._~•""'""4-~• t oaL not be d i s pr oved . And Til'1cn we have f oll owed all >41iitl(.:,..~ the scientiota to t b:it unknown bourne , we are ju.st as much in tho dark as in t ho bee;in ~ing of man ' s oxist011ce. So , �..... (., 0 - S o , i:.'}:cn $ po c ula. tion and asti ration are all tiai. t .i s left us • i t seems to mo th e su:feat end mo~t lo~ic&l course to :Cit+.. hcpe f'orA h €Lp· i ce t i ssuN, , anii ther 1·• :r oi., t . Of m:s·· cl a ee - ma t e fl . Jc1 e ph 10ll{.;jWOr tr.. wus the mo l'l t no:.cd in a f tHr lif e , 1·or ti s m-;.inificent g, .ift a t l...)tnci n.nati to promot ;; u rt. At collo g o , life • rie was tmambi tioue. he were much t o gether. H-"' in uftcr Ve ry ar.= i a i1l 0 - a.nd vary full of t umor ana wi t , he v:as the mof: t p l e t:tPan t o f co111ra ntons . }.if; tai~ t1--) s wer <J thon dee idedly l .i terary ; und he c;;.uld putly quo te , a~11d hii.morou.s l y or l;.lerLius l ~; d'1)eJ o.im , chcd ce frugrr.ehts from a l l of the most In Connecticut,tho ,;,;hite fish v:o:rn seined and uye-. J.to manur o tl:c tie lds . u-r,reN11 le . The odor was no t Ono mcrning , ~co ting me cofy taking my us ua l wa lk i n tho neHr grounns , wi t h v:hi CTb. tiew liavcn wnn au?.·:rou.n ded . l)J the H:i.llhom-10 ePtat e and othe-:r-s , Lonewor t h sai d : 11 AJ 1 rubbing· h t e .4aridn , "Ever fond of n<-1.tur e; li 1:1tening to O w bh·ds , f. nd breDthing th o dclif,h t f nl \','hen one of his col 1.e giatee , in .~ft. Pr - l ife , v,1•0 L c to h:m , at~ to o thor 8 , f'or t he data of a sket (:-1", of M..- lif,\ , h o rA pJ.ied 1m ha(t i n t a ki n c; hi8 own 1ifo! '' wort h ( wh0m .r ~ell Hi c :fa ther . llioholus Lon..;- ~1ow , fi.nd with whose 8.f;:rocablc fam1 ly r spent many plou3ant da.yn a:'ter my mtt.rr it..ge - Mr e . L. , .M.:i:-1c1 . Eliza J.!'l ogg , and :tii;:: s Kat e J,ongwor th , who aft erward merriod 1ar z Anderson , brotr..or of t ho oofnnae/{rort Sumt e r ) , wa..c a man of ,, tor line qunlttics , to whom the on i e r prh,i -n g city of Cj,nc 'innati o·wes much of h er grea t pros:perit y �- 61 _pr ospc ri t y . .de waL t he fir ct t1h0 , havi n6 tri c-~d all . t h e loaci i ng f ore i t'Tl g r apes , conce ived t11e ide a o f cult Hmt ine; n a tive vines . h e i n troi~co ct t h e Catawba fro m North Ca rolina , tl~e be s t v.·ine and e at ing gr arJe in t h i s latitud e, a nd ot he r va ri ti e s ; ana :be~ the public i n tho rig ht di.re c- t i on . iii s hints have been ue ll followed up; and we no v, riva l l~uro p e . Thi s , i t i B true , at a di:.; t ance; bt:.t fina l l y we wi ll ex cel he r i.n botl; g rap es and wi ne , Mr . Longworth , i n bo t h , havi n g s et t h e e x Q,mpl e . Of all t he s no bs in the wor l d , s a ve me from th e Americ an snob ! Mr . Lon gwo rt'b sent some boxes of Catawba champagn e to the American Min.i s te r a t London , t o try and i nt 1 o duc e i t i.n t o Gre a t :Sri t a i n , end which wo. B of cours e a gr e8. t market for all f oreig n wines ; but , i n s te ad of grasping t h e ide a of Mr . Lonp10r t h , ho wrote , and it rea c he d t be 1journal s , tLa t h e was not ·en gage d i n commerce ; a n tl he i nai g na ntl y r m'fusea t he S;i f t . When we reme mb er tha t the l>r i nce of No,les i s n ow b r e ea ing Sout h- Downs , c onte s t i n~ t he .Priz es in royaJ. asricul tur ..:..l shows , a.vi d 8l s evir. ere , a nd s end i n g his s heep to the Unite d S t a t e s , wi th his name mar k ed u pon the woo l for sale , we c a n app reci a te t he deffmrence be t ween men of so n se and gen tlome n , l i ke t h e Princ e and Lon gworth , and the man r a 'i s c d by c }:anc e t o d i s tineuish ed pos iti on . His n n!!le is a lready f or go tte n ; but Longworth wi ll ever r e mai n i n thEi me mor y of 1.1.me r icans , as one of the ir g r e atest b enefa ctora . For he was not c onfined i n his e f f orts to grape - culture , but mad e adva nces i n h orticulture a n d the f i n e a r ts , and l ands c ape -gardening . As an jm, tance o f the absur di t jes of fas h ion and ha b it �( - 62 babit , i i, was ob jec t ed to tbe Allie1· i c an wi nes that they had too mu.ch bouq uet or g r ape t ast e~ and t he ltdryn "insipi d" " doctorc d. 11 wine s of Eur ope vm r e greutly r, refe rre d . l ne v er gave way t o sucb nonocnse ; for what fl av or in a ll nature i s mo r e de li c ious t han t h e taste of a fine ripe g r ap e? But now American wine s ure f· o u ght &fter , :'oy the same re as on th&t t lwy wer o onc e r ej ected; an d t he t ime is nea r when we wi 11 ~Jupply , not only ours el v os . but , in part , the world wi th wine. For our soil and cliwb te are admirabl y adaptE:a to t he g r ape ; and ex1)erienco wil l , a t l ast , tB a ch us the be8t methods of turnine the fnu.it into wi n es. Pro fes sor Ed . E . Sal i sbury , my juni or by a few yo a rs , was a l s o my el ass - ma t <1 . lie was wealth' ,~mcl married a. woman of fo r tun e; and spent much time in Euro pe an d the East . he was a. fine scho l ar , a n d td,udiecl thEJ an cient and orienta l l anguages in Iuris ; an d , in 1041 , was made hono r a r y profe cc or of ara.bic and : : , a:nscrit i n Yal e . B.e a ttained dist i nct i on a s a s cho l a r at home a nd abro 8,d . But my µu r pose i s s i mpl e mention ~ an d I conc lude b y saying that he hp,s ad ded much to h i s ovm a n a tho reputation of his country Q,14,J-L 6iA; Yal e . ~ Well do I r emember Al len Tay lo r Cc perton , of Vi r gi ni a , wit h hiB ever beami nt: g71ey eyes and flexi bl e fea tures . Re was much my friend , and I saw much of hi m. h'ull o f wit and humor and npract i cal jokes " , he \•,ron the hear ts of a ll . The l ead er of a l l fun - chaJ/rn g th e s igns of It business house r, , and making t hings very ri diculous ; t oss ing bores , who could take no other h int s to be off, in. blan k ets; an a t re a ting t ho Nort herners to the ir traditiunal .... -- ~~ - - �- 63 trad j t i o~al p i os unbaked ! Ile le d a s h i p - shofi life , un d her d l y pa.s oe d gr aduati on by tho ccn on.!l favor \Vt'.i.ch all entert a i ned from him. S~ t wo m~_ ght 5a.y ot' him as Pri n ce Hal sai d of .B'alstaff'; "I c-ould nave be t ter ~.,pt-..:.:red o. better man . n J:)U t , as h i r- tor y fre quently ha"' ~,b.own t like mo~t men of exu berant opi r its in coll ege . when he ente re d real life he 11:lid aside hh'. fri voli ty , and u nd r essed 11·lmsel f with a b il i 1;;y and em cees to r,:iL ltfe - w-✓ rk . but shone f!los t as a politicia n , ent,)rj nt,; th<J Co11 f ecrer ate St ates ' Senate; e. nd , o.fter t1!e re s t o:r.a ti on of tho union . the Sona t a of t he Uni t ed '.Hu t es . ; .L cop;,' . _(' or t h0 obituar y ora ti 0n of ~onat or Tuck or , of Virginia, 1 8 77 , a s ingle ex trac t: [! ph'i t t lend i ng lli !') !iLi to all scl-,·3filHS wLicl'. would b:mefi t an d ad v,.rnce the i nte re st of ii:;;; comu.1u11:i ty • • 1 ... He f o l l o.t tho po~:~ G: :lu t;y- ; e.n d hl.i.::, le ft to h i s c,: rnnt.rymen a n ume.witbot,;.t a l.'l t tl in , a ctt:tractor for s1)otl esB and lofty inte grity , and the per pe tual memory of f1 n ob lm a nd ho n r a.bl e lif e . 11 bcnja.min i'icrdjn ' s son • .no\.7an , &n cl h cvru:rd \,'iok liff e , son of l'obert ·1 ,ickliffe . a l l. Lo.r.t ,. ckians , wer e in th e l owe r ol t.iSr cs '.--:itr.1 me at Yal e -:~n a af :·,O C).ti tes . l'hi:i~ wero men of grefat na tural pav;crs c.nd true v:or t h , but cU od yoLm g . t he gods decreed . '.i.'hus o thern , w} olt) l r <➔ m ,mbe r So Y,i t h the ploar: urcs of fri.cn<1~r.ip , f e l l hy th~ wayl~ ide , in t he hard as cent of " :!.' he s toep whor o fame ' s pr on.d t emple Bh:inos afar . u Between thc.! ttme when l stood in Urn wat ors of �- 64 Tat e ' c C1:e ek . and near ·:y a;;. cut of f the b i.g t oe o f th"l t;irl , who t ook pa r t ~Yit1: t l •c cl omi r1ie wi t-1:. the long b eech ro d , €.n<"! t 11r ti me c f my mr.:rrio.ge , t r.ore wa s i n m:y owr- t 0wn a ci r l , J . R- , s l i ghtly my jun i or , a nd ~l s o a b l on d e , ·r oo :-onn& t o h s. ve c 1...it0.LC , l ilw tJ:c rw. tiv o wild - f l owe:r s e o-!: ; ur r;n rr:.a fo:re r-.t s , r: l e wa s i:mc1d j ng uns een an d L1.n c o n s c i o us of' h er ch£.,r ms , wt i ch were r, o a ttra ct i v e to th ose who wer e .forturn1.t e e1;1ough to ha'lrn be en b~' any c hance t hrorm with i n rH:r :Po ,~c c h~=ir was t o l ove h e :r. . dom1)At i e c i rc l e . :fow fe.r r.:r~0 re c i :-,roca.t e a my l a lf- a vowec1 pirn sio11 l c an on1y oo n 1 j eotur~ ; 1J11t t.hr t c on j e c tur e ,·,us t o me f u ll of h op0 , frnd o~i t mo sc r i .;~w l y to com-:ide r thH g r e at e st pr o blem of lt fe . * '!< .,\.bo n t t h i fi\tir,1e , i.n s_p• rr;rl ar. n ost. .!'0 .1.ne; men , I wrot e t he fo l .l o w:i n g l i nk s , t.Jion ptd., l ir. he d . ,rn<i of t ~:n e o ip l i L'le nt ed : / o. 1 805 . I, I N .:'~ S . noar t o C~u l debnn Br a t t e s~tes ; To ~iug t , d e a r t ho worni ne st...n ; Bu t oh ! ~ivA mP a voman ' e 0y0 0 To l oo k upon . t!:_y spirit . as th0 Lyb j_an w'i 1;; s , Whi ch ll i e or ' s f l o od wou.J.l1 .-:1wn o h i n vo.in , 1!hou gli ar i n ki ne i n & t r.0u s a n ~- s 11J il 0. f1 , Yet t t ir Bt ~ n~ain . * *Tha Ki [Pr wa~ anci ontl ,., b oli€, ved t o flov: i :r.t o t lrn L~ b ian da t er t nnd t t er e loe t . '-' • My h ea rt , jmd , as t l.e fab l e d one Of t1m where vulturcc eve r pre y , T~ough l ong by paee ~o~ f e d u po n , 1,a,s , c s not ~wa y . My l ov P. , i c l i k 8 the fla oing boums , Of \reo t a l fi :::·c in S!icre d urns ; By· day t;t.n d n i gh t , awa ke , i n d r Ga ms , I t e ve r 'b urn s . Ch1:.ilr ean,., l i ve i n cl oud ed i: ki e s , b r ea t h e wi t h out thi:; s un; Sl:u t ou t f r om me l ov0d woma n ' f , oyes , I ~i r, uri ,1 one . 1 833 . An d Mag i �- 65 Je al o us Oll CS , however , uri ever i n f: u.c h a,i'f a i ro ·ita ble , hnd 11 aTe inev- t a ' en a note ; 11 anr- u t~:r-ova ~[;1:d.l~r , irr11:i:..t:i ent under v i g ilant e npionage ~n & of::'ens i ve o omL'lnn t , gri t horod u.p tho :ir he u::rn 102.d t oo ds , -~ i ti. t Lo lovec1 one /in'1.ud ed . ,.. ana took r efu ge in F& r 1;11 0 ;'.0s t . V,'11at was m~ s u.rpri <=•e , _,, Bs t i. on .' f.'nc t B wcri: con f·tnne<l bnJ.ortqqu .:ind d espr;j r v,J-.,,n U.c,.J i1y f t:re t tho nrht , on my retur n bome , wa8 to fo llow , nnd a vo w my ps~rn i on , ::mr'l th u.r. pro w ' the si.nceri t;y o f t h o t s ci t p romh~o . v,·h ich mi g-t t fa i r l y b e infe rred , t h 0ug} bot h nu t of m3 wero under 1;h8 1::i. 0 e f or s ue}. z ,:,r 5. t):..::, ve ll t ur e . on a 8econd t hought , as Oilr fa r2il io a we ro of e qua l r ank , mi g h t n ot my pu.:r· vo :=-: e hav e been antio i 1)a t ed , ana tbo s uit ha v:: be en u.n&c ce pt able '? never saw h er more ! I , to o , was pr oudhanrted ; and :i:'hus :pori eb e d. , as wi t h one awakin g , a. beauti ful dream ; but i ts memory remair..n fore ve r ! Such first l ovn h r_s be en f elt by _poet and o~ge , a s the i n<'liDs oJ. u l.i lo ti e o f k i nd.r ed soul s , vrhi c h f ill s wi th r:,n.mihino or shade a l l af t er - life ; &n d i :: the j_nexo rabl e , c al led nfu t e '' . ~o at s ea , I d r i i't c~<l to t h:=,, s con n8 of l a ter 1JO~ - hood ; and , u t Loxi n : t on , \·, a s unit0d i n marrni e;e with hen wh o h e l d the 1ook g iv en dur ing my com· s 0 in Tr u ns yl vania • .Mary J ane had not y et rea c h ed h e:r ei ghteenth year . an d was still g oing- t o 8 c hoo l i n Lexinc~ ton . v,as a lre ti dy open to her young f r ien ds . Her h Ju s e Iler eld er s i cter, Anne , about thi s t i me h ad re turned f rom an Ea:.:-,tern school, snd mad e her e n t rf,1.nc e i nto c ocie ty . She i mp ort e d all tb.0 fo l l i es �- 66 - fol l ie s and hatitudes of such academies; and aspired to l ead t he elegant soc ity for whi ch LeYineton has ovo r been n~t ed . 5be h ed what 'Nae t han , in can t phr as e , c a lle d the "Grec i an bend , " an incl ina tiot1 of t he body for-war d , after tbe manner of some of t~n c l a ~6ic Ven us es . Thi s ind ecent attitude of sel f'- c onsc i 0usness , vre l l en ougl1 i n the s ens ua l paean id ea of v:omanhood , vras avo i d ed by my friend , Joel T. Hart , in his " \'l oman '.i.'r h u:nphant • n V1hils t fo l lowi ng nature in thA c our e e of t i. me t h~ impen:ono. tes t h e mode r n woman of purity, ;£. and t he flcxibi.lit;y- of fe c. tures i7h tc h comes of mcntf..tl and mor a l culture . 'l1he guests woula sit dm s ome constrai nt , t a lkin g to each othe r , or t h e fami ly , till J.fary Jane returned from s chool . She would come at times bolting in , with hair uncombed , lea vi ng her sun - bonne t and satchel of books in t he 6.n t e - room ; or , throwi.ne them down in a chai r , dress ed in pl a in b ut l o o se - cut s}!coo l - g irl I s attire , and , ente rin g a t one e i nto [;u:i wn·al comrersa ti-:m , Bhe soon had the whole attenti on of t h e visitors . highest art'? 1'ias this sirnplici ty e,:t- ~ " the 'l'he mo rni.nc; and t ho evening hours of recejp t on were t hus so occup ie d , th a t I h a d no oppo rtunity of sayin g a word of love to her . much attra c ted by me as I was b I saw that s 1m was as he r. So she s a i d quietl y to me , tha t she v;ae g oin g on a cert a in a_ay hickory- nut buntin g with a few girls , a t the bous e of J ohn Al l en , Es q .wit h his daughter - in Faye tte County . She nev e r akse d me t o g o; ye t I was there when the pa r t y a rrived . \ Now, in Kentucky , h icko r y - nut - hun ti n g has beon one I �- 67 - one of the d ive rsions of tho youn 6 folks , ri ch an d poor , fro m tho beginr ing ; a nd contin u es to to t his day , b e i ne one of the most agr e e ab l e o f picnic s . J ohn Allon* was a typic n l Kontu ck i an of thos e *The wife of John Al len was the g r ..:nd- mother of J ames Lan e Allen , the a utbor . R. clays. He had marriAd l1lY bloo d - re la tj.ve through t he Paune s - t he mo t he r of Maa i son C. J ohnson , ( my bl!l ot h e rin- law , who had a llied himself with my s i s te r , .Anne:r after tho trae i c aea th of h er fir s t hus hand , Edmund Irvi ne , Bsq ., of Mad i s on County , ) anci. of George i~- . Johnson , who was ma. de Confederat e Governor o f Kentucky , nnd was k ille a i n ba t t le during the Hebolli on . Al len had , also, b y bis first wi fe , a f i ne l oo k i nu; and g eni a l daue;ht er , Eliza , nnd s everal ha n ds ome sons . ~) O we " g ir ls and boys 11 a l l wen t a h .i c ko r y - nut - hunt ine; . There a re no fin c.,r for e st i n t hP- v:,orla than 'f;h e \ n a tura. L parks of t ho ".Bl ue - e rass region 11 of Ken tucky. The sin.gar mapl e , tulip , coffee - bean , hickory- nut , and tther \, \ tre es , were jus t touchea with an October fr os t , so as to c aus e the nuts to f a ll . \ The l ea ves wore t hat cel ~br a tea many- colored fo li age whi ch comes of the rr..atur i ty of the '\ _/ I. \ ~ sap , wri ch iR seen to i.-:u.ch per :·ection i n no ot:te r p ort i on 'i1\' of the wor ld. '.l.1 be lon g blue-gr ass vthicll turns the for os tsf into par ks , was yet g reen a s j_n mi dswnme r; the subdue d r a.ys of the Octob e r sun , falli n g wit h shimmer ing light thro ugh the h a lf- nude boughs of the tree s , warr!Bd thP- genial a ir , and di spelled t h e mo i s tu:r e f rom the so i l. Some birds ye t ventured into f r agmentar y songs , or e taki n g thA ir flight of mi g r v ti on ' '\ �- 68 mi g r at i on furt he r Soutt , to wint er ; whi ls t th e grey s qt, i r rel s , with t}rn ir l ong b us hy t a ilc t urned over th0ir ·ba.c kr, , li Jrn an oatrich- fe atner over a mili t ra ry ~ ,4,.1 hat , b a rked with vil!racity a t t he intruders u pon t h ei r qui et r e treut s . M.ar;y J a ne , b y al 1 the standards of per Aonal d es c ri p tion , was of rno di um s ize . her g r a ndfather , .Barr , .was a native Iri s hman ; end the 'vfarfiolds wer e a l'f ar yla nd f am il y o f f air s t and.i n 0 • When I vis ited Ba.l ti more on my way to c olle ee, a 11 i ns \iarfiel d v':as e. le ad ing belle t p olite socioyy . 2-'he bar r:::-: \'Jer e f a ir, t ut t h e Warfi.e lds ha d da r k ski n s and hair . I ris h a nce sto r s - in ~ She had tlu~ complexion of be r f ai r smc0 t ~ skin , _a t times t ouched wit L rone - colo r; a f a ce and he a d n ot c l a s s ic al , with r a t her broad jews , l a r ge mo Qth , flexi ble li f s , r ather t J in and d.etermjned , bu1 wi th o u t line we l l cut , and an irr e g ular n oz e . Her l-::ai r war. of a ligh t auburn or nut colo r , l ong a nd. luxuriant . Her o;y eR wer 0 a li e;ht grey i sh- blun , larg e fmd f a r apart , vn th t ha t flexibility of th e i ris whic11 t;i ve s a l wa ~,s g re l' t; va riety ana t nt cmsity o f e xpres s i m . She wns tho be::it amat eL1r i~ing er I e ver he a rd , a nd , as I have b e e n f amj lia r wj th t he v o i cef1 of Jenny Lind , Luc ca , ?a tti , and a ll t he mos t c ele br ated sine ers of my aay , I v entu re to say th Dt he rs was , in c ompass and tone , unsurpa ssed . In di.. Bpos iti on , she was t h e most ami abl e o f wome n; nnd bask±-ng , a s t he sex r arely does , in t he J i ght of universa l admirat i on , she mi g ht b e s a i d t o hbve been the i mpersonation , li t,e Ca l ypso ' s isle, of "et erna l sg lngtirne . " �- 69 - s p r i n gti rno . 11 • On e of tho c.J. l c~n:iti e2 of (: iv i li M.J,ti cr. i 8 t ho a e ter:'Lor a t ·i m of t : o f i Ve ::.. ons e § - t l10 1--; i t;h t t ho smell , tr:P, he::.r in g , n::1 d t h e t a.s te . . tLe t ouch , Eiut , of ull thes e , t 110 f aculty _of aisti:r::.guif;l.1-11g o ,1 orR i r, ~h lls thA mof;t !~,;·c r y one o f the fauna ancl .fl o:ra , and mun;: of i npar i e d . tho mi n era l kine;tlo m h a ve a distinc t sm ell . tbc ho r:.:,e i s vo1 y a isa~re8 ab l c ; The odo r o f but vlh n h~.is no1, react in poe try ( i f not :fn miliar in f uct , ) of the s wee t bre ;:.t h of the :.rumi n a t i n g k i :1c ? W110 has fa i led to ooB er ve h ow t he do g re e o , nizes the ru::rn tcr mere by the flr'H:' 1 1 thr:r.. th e sight'? :Jor th r:1 ~~j_ght L ~ reco gni tior1 , wh '.ls t the i:ime ll i s thut &nd mor e - a source of olr.&Pttr e . So t h0 well- Cllltiv,; t e d doz h& te s th:; tr amp , n o t; fm· "i i r.. ro1:tgh dress , but for hiE off0nsi vo odor . How he ru~hes h iA nose , h t e v e ry oppo rtunit y , u oon t.hA ga r men t s , f c.~c , and :h1.mds , o f hi8 b8L')0v e a maPter , e.nd t ouc hr,s h i m f ondly v1i t r;. r. "j r: t ongue . So b e es li ke one o..n,l ~,at e ar.o tl:e r , n o c oubt fo r the same r eas on . iow , novery havine dull ed my c o:tn'\n wi t r. tobe.c co , t ea or coffe e , ~:hiskey- or op ium , nnd " l lvi. ng muc h jn t 1~e 0 1)en a ir , t hq, hl;,VO ev e r r emai.ned ticute . Of a l l orod:rB , i7h icl. city fo l £ s kn ov, no 1 i tt l e , those of the wild gr a po-vi ne . crab - a, ·ple , c,nct the f res h hJckory- nu ts a re tho nest delici ou s . I BHt down und(~r t:h e trAes on t he lon g gr a s s ; a n d , wi t h t wo ::,mal l Dton es , easil y p ick e d up in t b i s li me s tone re g i on , I wa.s hull ing tho n uts , wh : l s t th e other s , ·wi th han ds and h a n dkerchi e fs , vrerc p i cki ng the m up . a nd in g r oups a l so c rac k i ng th em , c a r r ying ~ . a n d empt y i ng them �... '70 - t hem jnto ::i. l)ilA n eu:r me . ;,1ar y Jane , uvu ally 80 ca r e l e ss in he r dro t:s , 1 notic e d now wo r e norc costly m1:i.t e-:r i ul , p r cpw.od i t:l th m.:.n: o c are , bu.t &.11 i r; admir abl e t aste . Her hai r , ,j:;lJe bonnet off , with exercise ht.tving f a l l e n <1own , ~, he ha d hastilj<• on d loesel y ad jn Dtea. . :She came to me who n t r,:c otherc v.ero f art l:.os t off , a n d busi ily engageu in tu.l ~ , and , pic~kir1 g up t h(.; n uts , empt.ic d her handkerch i e f' on th~ pile . l c1.: dd; "C omo and he l p mo . " tremor in he r vcioo: t.he r e pl iea, vii t h s omo " I htiove no sea t', ,-:-u t. tinr; my f ee t clo ~·er toue t.no1· , as they wero s t r etched out on tho s round , I :3f;t. i d: nY.ou rua.y sit; down he r e , 'i:l.' you wi ll l ie mine . 11 She bes i titted a. moment ( s he was standt ng noar me , w'.i t h he r face in the sumo direction) , and then - down Bhe came ! b rus hing my cheek wit h h0 r disordered hai r , wtth tb c aroma , ~woetf,r than orunge- blor, uoms , of tbe h i ckory- nu.ts . ShE~ jus t tou.c bed rae v:itll thf-~ skirts of he r (ircss . ~;.nd said: 11 l am youri:, 11 • :I'hon E>he .c1urri e n off to ming l e vdth h e r conrp;-~r.i ons a 0 fai n . my s e1rn es at once ! ...r;"r.·• :i ~ , Thull 0J-1e L1tte.cked nearl y all ,.ns it simplic i.ty ,:.f"the hi£;he $t nr t 't J':... _;;!;, 1,u, at a.1 1 riv ents . wun ...}_1tl\£ . of supr emo bl i ss , which ;.. corn0 '' but onc0 in 11fc , v. Len tto r?:ou.l</- hfa::1 n ot f ;~l t the _..1•. dog r udi.n,t: unio n o f tho earth:t wi th the :immor tal , b:v wl1ic h c 0mu sin an d woo ~m.:i oc ~ t h i r:to tho v.orJ.ct./ ! / OhA.E'TER IV. l ooki n g old lc;.ct.y , wi t11 ht1nds ome and e;al la.n t b ro the:t:s . She a s sumed t o bo ti;o he a d of t h e f am:i.ly . which be1' husband with good s ens e allowed c onerally ; but I found tha t , in mut ter s of moment , ho came to t he f r ont , and the ma.dam surr onoerod �( - 71 - 6t dir,c retion . 1 had boen breding different s choo l . where my f ~1 t he r no vor appeare d to s how uutrori.ty , b ec ttus e hi s uupromacy was nevor ~ue sti oned . So I looked wi th s ome discontent at thts new n t a te of t h in 5s . ~ There ),~~ no poli ti c a l a spinNt. i J ns at th:.. t tj e toward ~lomans ' Ri ghts . l ,ut i n a ll t i,ese yoars l f'in<l no rouson to c l unt;e my ;yiev:s . It i t: not 0 t a l l a fal se c•e nti:nent wbic h pl aces the male at the he u tt of gove r nmen t , an d t he female d e pe ndent u_pon ht s supe r io r intel lo ct a.nd priyB ica l str ength , The red- birds whj_ch e at. at my cr 11nb - box l'; re the mo t sl1y of a ll our u ongoters . Tlw ma l e ent ers t ho box very c &utivu.sly, t r,kes u crumb , uncl fe eds hi s ti mi d mat e on a n ear bo ugh , an t he mo t he r would feed her young . The b a rn - yu:rd c ock lead{; tho female s tG> t he f eeding grounds ; finds and chares t he food , ana f> tands ~· orev .r on t he wa.toh f 9r tl1e h awk. lie .i c never off · ~ ,'l)u t , when ~ ~ , k , ,, .. 4 , I ~ ~~ ;a._,~ aL on ce to t h o lnu::hos , and ho . standing c.l one , often dofend o ~ h1mse l f against his powe r fu.l enemy , or , ut least , s ull enly t a kes cov er v:hen th o l ast fomale i s c~ cu r e . f:io th e n ilc1 ho r ses on the pratrteej,and tije l tpns amd e1ep:ijailts pf th e Afric an and Asia.st1c junt,l es fol l. ow tho s BJmo l bxi , and which i s the unj_ve rsal l ev; of ani ma l life . Even ttie bees are no exec pt ion ; f or the ,_ ue een i s c ertai nly dep endent Ut;On the ma lo B and neuters , und t hey do not at a ll lean u p on he r . I beli eve tr.a t t ho oo -cnlle d adv&nce in civilL'. at i on which se cures separate pr oper ty ri ghts to women i s a f a t a l mi ctnko . It denies t he uni t y of i nter~s t i n f ~milies , b reeds s usr;i ci-.m ana w~r , ann i ::; tho chiAf caus e I �- 72 - c a UH e of d 1 voro e, vihi c t o ignulizcs modern ::;o ci ety - '' t he cause of al l our woe . 11 These evi ls v,ould be in .,cinsely a t;g r a va tecl by e t1ual suffr age , v~Lr, rr· pol i t i cs often l oad o t o b l oo dnho d , b :,; yUS0 i c n :.--: z:hi<'l h w0u :a tnva ci e th, .t,(1ao0 of e very hou::.eho ld . fu ff:ra.ge i a !'•l 1 e a dy in th e h1:111d s of the :i enoran t and the vi cious -& u dung erous expe r iment ; and i t E ex t ension to women woul o , i n my judgm en t , 1,ut add fuel to tho f i r e . Bo I f ,) oli shl~7 aske d Dr. i,ari'i e l d for :.=ar ~ J ane ' s hand • sayint n .; thine t o her ,no tb"'r . After a long ti me ir,•ai ti n e for a re ply . en d r e oeivtng none . I b e gan to stand upon my met t le. On ,~ day we hao g one on h ..:,rs e - back f r om t heir cou ntry r es i denc e . the n l eadows" t;o un cle Ben \ wa.r fie l d '~, on an ad j oi.ni n g f a.r m, who was a f i ne ol d gentleman , whom I al ways loved . l nd eed , t ho h a r fie lds of' the o l d oet v,ero r a t h or men of er ;,r acter a nd 130 0 a 1:1en:.;e , but nar r ow- minded i n polit1oal sontimont . hhen we re ... t u 1 n ed , without oxplan&.til)n , I r1,, c1in ed to c;o in , a nd , said I would not come again ; a nd then I wont back to Lex i n ct on . -~flwt evening l wa1: a.t a t he fll i tg oft.to cit~ , r1h0n hande d men le t ter f , l::. !Jl i v at n rart~ of mese e nger from t he n:.!e o.dows 11 ~t ~as from tho futho r only , in r -es p onE.10 to m;y f:'or mor l e t ter , g ivint. mo hj s dau.0 ht or . Tho l et t e r was n g :re a t r elief' to me ; for i t showed i htLt .l had ri ght l y a i vine d tho cuuoc o f the dvl a.y , and hacl f'orcod an ass ont thut mi g ht j m· tly be re .1 uc timt on tho part of :-.aary J vn e ' s mo t he r . r was a l l t le morA rej i ced , be cause I fe l t that I hod esou.1Je d , l know not by what distance , f rom a �- 73 a pi t - fa.11 of 10y own cH g ging • .ii f ew dayn We:fore my mH rri ago , my motl-.<n- - in- lmv , Mr s . Mari a Barr Vi"nr.field , Landed me an opo11. letter &.d,i resse d to her daughto r , my fi ancee hut placed i n h()r own hands by Gene rul Loi::lie Co tJbS , a fr iend o '7' tho f'umily . lJoclore y vu:1.n a ve ry J>vpul a r phyt•i ci a i1 of Lou.isvi 1 ·: e , .Kontu.cky , Hnd wuc a. cui tor a.l s o 0 1• ~ r y Jrurn War f ie l d . :i:ho lo t te1· was de preciato r ~ of my cha.rr..;.c ter ;- thoueh con tainine notl:dnt, of ~,eri o u:.-i a lle gat i on aga innt me . I t nhou1 c. have boen t 11ro·;. n into t ho f i re , and n ot Linc a l own to me . Eut , 8,S th~ ma t ter f-l tood , l .:'elt no t only indi gna nt at cuch :.:- ccrot and ungon t lemo.nl y c onduct , but was co mpell Bd by a Fem:rn of' lionor to vj ndica.to mysel f . So , tukj.ng my "best man , f t J ames ::.: . Ro l lirn1, wit h mo , l went to Lo ute vi lle , procured a s mall b l ack- hickor~ s tick , and . f i nd int J1cclurey at the Lo ui c vili o ho tel steps . I i n vited hjm i n t o th e cro cs st ree t; a.na showine; :td m thA le t ter , whi c h hE> r ead , I a:,k ed t i m i f he had any e~planations or apology to make . romainec1 ei lent . He ~o l oun.ea h1m s everel y - Holli ns kee p ing tho crO\i d off till ho v;as r~uffi.ci ontly puni shed·. Then , toll inp. him t h:, t l would L t1 found at h i r h o tel , where t he event occu r ed , l retired. w-i tr. Ro l l i n tJ to m~ room . In a few Lou r s l r e oeiv od a cLa.llc~e f r om Decl:.,re y , wh icl I 1-t.rr ., mptly a cce pt od . lio o h .1re;y was about. ten year s o l dor t U... n m:ts el :f , ~nti of my own L j 7, e in no i th t u.nd s t ature , whilst hi ti :r eput ~ti on for c o u.r~g o t,·to od h i gh . The tHrms wero e oon hrnanged . ·.. e woro t o moot next day i n Indi:... na. , noar the 0h:io .River , a t u nuf:",e c:1 pl€~ce and hour . �- 74 - l~o r . Both 1ar tier wern promrtly on tho e round . But t r o nows had sr,road , an d a lar ge c:rowd was a l ready thEH' f"l , a n~ more ~or eons continunlly c oming ; eo tlbt ~11 part i ac a r,r aed to defer the mo1"l t .i ng to a me re fE, vor able t1mr; ancl 1)l a oe - f i rst on Lh0 came f~i de of the ri vet _. and t hat fid l i11c el s e , we r e turned to Louie vi ll e , it bo i ne nourly dark on our t.:rr i val t he re . l v,as to be married t li e ne x t evening ; an d L0xi niton , i n thoce daya . by s t a ge , was a who l e clay ' s :: our ney away . JJecle.re y ' G fric.mds propos ed f ina.L.y t o set f i r s t t ro next day f or a me eti ng , and t hon to fi ght i n t he c i t y thut nigh t ; a l l of wh i c h my fri 011d Rolli n a pn emptori ly rofus e el . Voo l i;.r o;;r was in rdr.: own r. ,me ; m.u- tr..on , I t r..i nk, a member of the Ken tu c k!· l at ur e , or . E. t least . 1md bean . Le c h ; - lio had , ac foll owe r s , a la c;e humber of ro uglH~ , ae a mat ter of couTs e ;• and i f i t was not fn.i r to uek of me a f i ght in t ho day - t ime , i t was mo r e unfa :ir to ask u. :fi eht in th<➔ city u t n j_eht . whe n s e c r ecy would be im0oesibl e . ,,e hnc1 g iven t h e m a f a ir chanc0 f or fl f i gh t; and i f the c rowd pr event ed it , it \vaa Dec l a rey ' c c r p-wcl . Bol l i n r and rnyt.:o l f had har d l y an uo <1uni ntu.nc e in tha cUy c.t that t i me . Louie vill e wan provinc i al in compb.r ison wi t h ;..,cn:in~: ton , Emo itol lins a n d my~:e l f were s tre.ne;ers t r.ore . If t he time and pfua c e of tho f i g-ht were kno\'7n , i t could n0t h t-Ve 'b aon t r:o f a.ult of our L. ide . lfor a mun to l e aV(J a n owl y - mar r i e d wi fe to rotu.rn t o f i ght her r e j ec te d s uito r was too abs urd for e v en t h0 fo ol- c ode . So Rol l ins gavo nct1 co t111..t v10 ~ou ld l cmve fo:r Le·,ington bJ f; t uge :next m..:i rn ing ; and , a l l ne got i a t ionB boing at an e nd l:ecl a r oy had hif' u0uol r i f},t of oftenni ve �( - 75 Tho n ox t day Hol l inl". and I , at t a ck no attack be1ng mnde , t o ok t }:e s ta. t,r: ; and i t wa s quite l ate in tho nit;hl bcfo !'e wo rcac hod tnc I vms duly mur r i od . 11 readows n , where Lec l a.roy , my i'riends ~rot e mo, do- no unced roe a~ a coward , and a i d l was bene a t L his notice ; tho. t he would not r ur Ruo mo to Lcxineton , but , if ovor he met me i n b i B 1 i fe , t.e would 11 cowM.drJ me . " Now, the covihide \",as a whlp mado oi' tw'istec1 r aw oowhide 11 and wao uced to pu.ntsh c l av(1S j_n a ll th e South; un r! w.hils t thf:) c ane coul u be used wj h tou u.tt-er dis 3r a ce , to be "c owhid e d " was a doom of eterna l i nfamy , which nothj_ne but blood could wasb a\.'e.y ! ~~ o r un the l aws of' the :f'ool- codo. Mrs . Warfiold 1 whon t ho :iJeclarc:.i u::.'fai r h ad c onc luded , cti d rDt)-,inl:$ to uggr a va t e tho 1;:i tustion ; J ota:rm1nec1 t o g i vo him E.!. f ull test of hiB ma nhood . u 1",- bilt ..J-,-~; --- f.. o I ,(1>-,. 0 p'l"e.~'b. ' ~S1 ' p1 s et off oste ns H ,l y for Cine jnn a ti anc1 :.. t . Lou.Is ; and , a ft er nponil tnc a v e r y og:re ettble t i m" \"itl: rny fr i e nds , tho Longwort h s a n d o ther s , r:. t 0incinnati , 1:rna vi s itinr; my wi fe ' s point of i seue , LouiG ville . Ta.ki ng l odg ings e l sevjher o , ab,-.:ut dinner-t ime I saunt c r e(t down a lorF- to J.Jr1il!larey ' s No t fi nding him at t a bl e , l aslced t L ser vants 1:1bout d r, itJ bat. its , in ai1 cl thn:,, tol d me t ha t he we.s irr f1 6-uln r :113 l!Ottr o ; but th,, t he would no do ubt dro p in ve ry s oon a.ft or di nner , 1o1s was hi n c as tom whc n h e miss ·d t h o r (1t ul~r 'ho ur . So , be ing well armed , l lo unge d about the h0tcl till l SllP!.,Oflc d hA ndght have a rrived . ·r te dini n e;. r oom }u"'a e. lar ge colonnade ~ a s vms t.hon t h ,• castom i n tho building o f l a r r:,o rooms . 1 wa ' l ea.n i ne a.lonc:J a ge.in t one of µ11 1 o•"' l connc c tion$ 1 the Strothers , in St. Louie , I camo tom~ ,r.,_h, VI\ �- 76 - of the se , wr.on JJeclare ;y , h. v i ne en t e nid 1-md fini. fib Ad r.i "' mo a l , r os e u p , a nd f o r tJ·.e f i r ~t ti mA saw me . my eyes f ixed ste~<'!ily ,, pon h ~m• r et r e& ted \,j 1 had .tle t u :rned pul ~ , a n d t hou t B.ddrcso int, me . · I le\ t ~i d 1 n 1 o u~ t v il le f or a aa y o:r. morep a nd De c l a ro y maki ng no d c!.:.lon:- tra ti ur:s , I return to .Lexi n.:-ton . The ne x t iia~ , 1n t he even int, , he cor~.:iitte d Hdci ac~ by cut ti nc h ls a.rte i es . scior.ce doe s ma k o coward~; of us all . '' l'htw co r1- 111 < To p:rHp a r e m;yt• el f f o r po l i. ti c a l 1 i fe , W(1.s wr. i cl~ cone <·m i a l to my t as te , I studied l a.w in th e 'fn .ns ~1l vania Law School , a fter rny r etur n f rom Ya.le , but no ver took out l icense to p r ~c tice , As soon ~s I was e l i gi b le , in 1835 , I wa~~ ol: os en u member 0f t ho Xen tuc ky EoUl~e cf i-.e})r e scnt(l.t. iv e s . fro m Madi F>o n Coun tyh l was beaten the n ext ye ar , on a ccount of m;;· "f0t e f o r int orna 1 1rq rovem••n ts . But 1 was retur ned i n 1837 wi t r. an increased vote . n 1i s wao a tobncco~ra.is:Jng county at tha t time ; and an old s cyn ic , whom .Bingham has made noted_ in tJ1e " County lHe c t i cn , " u s one of his group of chF.i Tacte s . said the y i:1m : t "to11 me , and t hon let me npr oad . " So t hey topped me in 1836 ; but t he samo cultiva tor s of t he pl an t never li;:o d mo any the b e ttor a fter t :b o toprdnc thn n be f ore . Sucli i s poor };uman nu tu:re - t o p 11 ct ov✓n all ·who a s pi ro to a1;;~ cond hi iih e r the.n t lrnmc el ves . Havin t~ r:. erved t-wo ye a r s in th o Le ~.,i s lEtture , i n which l b egan to deve l op my op1;o s i tion to slaver y , tho s lave :1owo r , un der t he call of Robort VJic1tliffe , of F1.1ye t te County , Dnd f B.t her of m-s school -.u.11 te , Howar d ~ickliffe , t he t hon lare es t cl a ve - hol der i n the St ate , (! oommen 4e d t he agitt.:l tLm o f , l e very ae;oins t t he Li e r a l s i �- 77 - f i rst t J,r o tte;r, the pre os . and th en agai m t Robert J. B:t::eckinri.n go 1m d. myre l f u pon the et umr>\ Tbeee movt,mr•nts wero , of 0our·se , a.gc.dru t me , a r :J:h-tckinri dt;e h1Jd ret ired from the f i i~ld of po li t.i ce , and tokon refuee in the 01Jurch. So , ,.10 m~ :fiun.ily dh,li l od country life , I cletorrnined on Lexington us u ro ~i.denco - a more centra l 1,l Hc e . I tner 2 ~ moved my hec-idquartera - retai.ning my h ou ~e a nd lands in ~dison Count y ; and there mde my hvme r~y f;urcha 0ing the M.orto.n res tdonco Md gr ounds ..- t he most olCJ gar1t in the city . I became once moro a: candidat e in 1840 , for tl1e Legisl atu.i· e . Faye tte then re turne a thr0e members - two of tho ca ndj dates , Curd and Curl , were my f ri ends ; s o tba c ontest f ell between Robert ;1ckl iffe. jr . , t t c aon of Rob ert Wickliff'e, unri my1.rnJ. f . Yo un g ½ickli ffe was a man of fino i:1 tature a n ,1 in tellect , f.. n c1 well oo uca ted at the best f,chool$of t r.c nctti o.n . mysel f , or r..:.t least , h i a father could make him so: and he \\"US t h(m tr:o only living ~,on . '.l:hun y1as mad e u.1) one of the moht e xciting ca.nitas~~os t hut li'uye t te haa wi t;nossed tor many years . Eut I , a new comer , triump.ted ; my t wo friends , t.iessrs , Cluyton Curl and John Curcl, lHdne also eledted with me . So f'ar l had ma<lo a good n t a.rt j_n my chosen oa reeer; for ; at the l ust se~sion in which I served1 my frie nds sai d that , i f I 1.:,ould r efuse to go tnto caucus , t ho Democra t s . r being a v;hig , would elc ct mo Speaker of t he Rous e . This r:a.e vory flt:l t 'Lerine; ; t ut , a ft or mat ure t hought �- 78 - t houcht , l concluded it v1cu1 a bc> b etter i n t ho l one run t o s t nna by the usage £ of' tlio part y , t hun to er n t i f y t ho des i r e fo i n t ernpo::r-a r y honor . so. of cour s e . Tl!Y op_ponent Charl es :~forehe ad . a fter war d Governor of the St at a , was cl1osen by th e c aucus , ancl elo c ted. s peaker; h e 1rni11g an old poli Li ci a.n , an d a c i tt zen of Frankfor t - t :i. o r-' oat of g ov ernmc nt . l h.!1.ve n ev er been an adm irer of mi l it ary gener a ls . Thos e who nave built up , not those who have d crntroyed;the n o.tioneJ huve with me o ver b een t h o hero es . V;he n gene ral A huve led tho way t o t he li 1erty und devc l - o -ment e:tl the resour ces of a peo r,le , c er t ainly the patriotic l eader de s e rves t he a.dmira t j on imd g r tt ti tude o f mankind . My r or u t,~ t i on a e a nfi r) t inf ma n , " as the pr.r dFe goes , h c ~i e l vray s I have rieve r. g l ori e d in . ee ?1 t-1 On thfl contr ary , i t ::o m.·ce o f M~n oyanc o to me; ovor sh.udowin 0 tha t to Which I mo~1t uspi .red - a hi t;h and Bel f - sacr i f ic ing moral c ouragij - where the mortal we.s to be sacrif i ced to t llc i mmort a l. >if' An,! , after s. c alm rovief o :f my wh ole life , r ca n trul:y say t h &t I huv e n rp,o .r t:J. cted on the of .fens i ve ; b u t h a.,, e co nfi ned mys e lf u;y wi ll a nfi a c t t o t.h o i.1.ef<ms i v e . The c ase of T- , in St . Jo s e ph ' s Colle g e , wu~ only a n a pparent exce p t i.on ; f ox t here .L wa s at my own ri s k do f on ding t h e ri e):t o of' othorr - the we ak a gains t the etron g . CouragEJ , b~ a \';- i so l o.w of na ture . l s of erea t wo r th , tn tho p r e cerva.t i on of t he St a t e , t r:c f amily , and t he ind j.v i dua l per eon ; but i t to o often d,Jgenerates into off ens ive brutality , {~na tLc n i t h 1 more a vi.co t ha n a viJtuo . �- 79 - vi r t ue . How o ~ c n h u.ve I bee n mo r t i.:f i. e il a t t1Jo vul 0 u.r vi ew t. ukor:1 of l"IY morul ucti on . maltrea ted sncl dr i vod by vi o l e nc e f rom pr oac 1i nt, nea r Cr o.b Orc h c.rd , in Lincoln Co un t it • b oc ·~m ,o }'o op ot· cd fl1uver y , too I rm.de a n o._ppoin trno11t t o ~:pru r:: :in on t te sl avery i s sue. s ame pl a ce myself If we ·ne:re no t a l l owe d to op ee.k f re ely a c co r di n t: to o 1r c on f't i t uti vnHl rj gr,t s , our ..-11. 01e, l th e r for c fe lt t l:a.t it r,c h c mf' i'or cmunci r u t i cn f a j l e d . was n0c e ,a r y t o set m~ li i c upon t he c ~s t of t he d i e . An d t her fJ , sur r oun ded by l:l.r zood i'ol1owe r s , I t oo k t he g r oun d wh i cl. v:a c, mu.c l: commcn te a upon , bna n o t e d i n t ho nat i on . Tr:e l ngend eoes , /- nd '.'l.i.S so i llucr r u t od b ·. cng a ving , t ha t l .0lo c e d a. JJi s t o l on t Le l, ook- bow d , bi ble b , i t s oi de , i,ay ing : " F..:,r thm:; c w.r. , o be ~ t Le .:.in fillo a :i:1:i. 1.J s o i' ri t;"ht und t he s a crod t r u t .r.s of t ho Ch:rist i c n r oli Lm , I t.1p 0o a l to this Book ; an d t o t J'1o~' e who on l y r eoogni.xo the law of f orc e, h ere i s my dofons e, •t l a i n.e., my hana u pon my piot ol . * / ":Jr . Cl ay once sai a t ha t hi ne ver , a t any ti me , mttd e a d i spl ay of o. ,,e .... pon , ss hn r o o.nd f re q ue n tly r·t nt ed . H 'l'ht:.<• r e la t ed , i t woul d e crnrn t r&.t I hu d ma.do u p:re par e d and t hr e a t ened exhir it i.,n of n~ ocurnge ana p r o _pf-JS::3 , Whfm . in fa c t , I wa ,. oxert :Lng a ll mJ- po -.;c r s of 1:ip po a l nn d ar g ument 1,o ~vo i a. tA. oon f l i ct ; f' or tm c}· h voi dano e wa.s v ictory . Ha d l :W i d my p i sto l on tl.o t1o ok- b o ar d , oomc o nem:,, was t1.1o ~t li f(el y t o s e i 1:. e i t . 1 h,..:.(i :-:1.y curpet. - bag witl. my arms ancl n otes , w..1 u0 uul , at my f e et , unHeen; an d th o b i bl e �- 80 Bible on the bo~.. rd wae always ~ lcf l there j_n th1 country meet ing- hour: es . i.gain , as U :e t. lave - pov e r of Lincoln , in m~eting 1 at the cou.nt y ca pital . St an ifo r d , h ad p u si.rnd r rJS ,J.lt:d. ions tiirea t ening wi th death the di scussj_on o f the slavery ,,uest i Jn - more in reference to myse lf t han to .F ee I at once made an ar,poir..tment to :,; peak in c•tanford . si l1;y poopl c t to~ gh t , was useless brn:v&.do . etrength WEJJ, i':t.is . J:mt out• a mor al s t rength , and mu~· t re~t . likn pi.y ice.l 0 buttlos , u pon successful defense . t han the e lav o - holdo r s . wi t}·i both Jfe e and m;, r. el i\ !fo'bocty knew t hi s better So , e.s t bcy ha d mad e an is .::.ue tl:cy r: e.w the.t t he~ had pl ac e d themselves tn a fa.tal pos t t1on ; &illut if I spoke with ca:fety , thei r 1,ol i c ;y of intimidati ,)n was 'bv oken fore ve r ; and t he bo l d.e s t of thorn feur ea the resu lt , i.n a common wealth wher f:i so smal l a por t i on of the voters wer o f» lave ho l der s , i f I wa.D put to den.th i.lJ the exo rc i s e of admi tted const:i tutional r i ehts . They, therefore , know i ng that l would speak or di e , s ent a commi tte e of their mos t p romient men f r om .Li n c o l n to m;y houc e . thir ty miles mvay . ',li th ins t r ue tions to app:roac h me in a fr i ennl.y epiri t , an.d aevioe mo ol' the dan~ ors of my ~lttompt . l rec eived t h e co!.1101it tee wi t h. co.r d i a l ity a t my own house , v1horo l now ¥.Tito ; and , after h11ar ing t}.om with rospeotf>ul attention , I s &i d : " Ge nt lernen , say to yo ·t.r friends , th at I uppreedat e t heir kindness in sending you to advise vii th me ; but , God wi lli n g . 1 s11v.ll spoalt i n Stanfor d on t he day n amedn as l fo r esaTI, ther e was a Hquaro d i vis io n of opinion on the S o. �_ 81; _ tho par t of my opponents; whilic, t my friends were col id . Tho u ~shot was that thR cotrt - touce , bcin& one oi the l argest i n the Stt~te , wo.L crav,de c'l to overflowing . e xcit ement VUlS i nterruption . The intense , but 1 waE: r:ear d without a s i ng le Thi.s Weis a si f ,nal victory to me and my c 6u s e ; for , i f 1 was victori ous :i n the b lue - g r iws regi on , the v e r y stronghold of s l avery, I might cl a i m an eas y tritj.mph elsewhe1·e . * "C ~s, l~U :,rf (;LJ·..Y su:,T.AUIKD. The Louinvi lle J OURNAL c i ves the followin g bri ef accou.nt of the circumc t ances thut led to the ltl to exc :itomont in ockcastle county , Ky ., i n which it frn.f,tuins tho fear l ess course adopted by Kr . ClHy : .1. A s hort time a.go a man name d Fee undertook to mt:1ke un ems.nci pat L,n sr,eocl: in Li nco ln count y , 1Jut the peO})le forc ibly pre vented him :from doing so . Cacs ius ~.:. Clay , as a champi on of th~) ritht of freedom cf e1,;ee ch , t her eu.1:,on declared , j_n t wo or ttrce putl io s p ee che s , thtit :>il' • .Ifoe and hirM·e l f would speak at b ouffold Cane , · i n Rockcastle county , on t ho 21st of thi t l!ionth , end tho.t 1lr . Fee should not b e mol est ed exc ept over his dead body . Citi¼enc of J ockcaetle , in obedience to a public ca l l , held a mee ting at t he i r courthouoe and adop tea the followi n g r eAolu. t. a ons . REso~vEn, That Dr . J oplin , R. J . Wi lliams , Jno . Adams , and .:.1. J. !.li:t1er be appointe a a committee to info rm Mr . C. ll . Clay , J ohn G. iee, and al l othe r Aboli t i cn fipcakcrs and .PrClac r.:ors tha t tbey mut·t d.e c i e t fro m speakine or p:reachine :i n tho count y of Rockcr.stlo under the penalty of 'be ing d ea lt, with as jut' tice and t,ho lax; r oquiro . 11.'he committee adare ss e d a l e t ter to lir . Gl ay , askin ,:h io v,:h<; t rJo r he hbtl made n v..ch declarat i ons and 8-Vowod s uch in ten ti ons H fl they had heord. imputet1 to :r.im . :,1r . Cl ay repliea in a cal m, firm l ottr•r , denying Phatovcr •;:ae f &J.s e in tl:e cur . ent rumor B, but r opeating tha t Ilr . Fee a n d hi meo lf woula cpoak at tl:c time ci.Ild place ar;po i nte.d . ubli c excit e mrm · ran high , nna s cenes o f' t,looa 1.·:ore e;cnerally a ntici pa te d , but Mr. Fee H-na Mr. Clay made their cpoeches , ~ i t hout mol0rta tt on or interru ption , to a laree an d a. t t <-r nt i ve a.ua i once • \<·e tpi nk the t such opinions a: t to trn of Mr . Clay and 1 r . }foe are wr ong ttn c" of u misch tevous t e ndcnc:y , but we r e joice to oeo ~ir . Cla:; vindicating fo e.r l ess l y t he f reedom of ,-,pee ch . Emanci pati onif,ts have a r i ght to speak the ir o pinions pul' l icly in Ke ntu cky so lont; ac t hey speak thorn only to wh ito men . \1 0 ~bho r mob law . and wo thanlt over~ man who , l H~e~~ o.a13j_us) -l. Clay , has the manliness to s e 1.. it at defh1nce . ~ '~MtC.. li . ~ . �- 82 I i wu.o in tl.o nar;;e court - hous e , in 1£372 , tbut I mnae my spee ch i n favor of the au tonomy of tto St&tes , by the in.vi tr.ti~n of t J e s& rno mon , ~·,nor(~ I Tiu::. rc c civoc! \'Ji t h unbo12.nded on t l u siasm . Th e CUSCErnATI 00:J~,:RRC l AL , ana other l oadjng j ourna l s of a l l p~rt i oa sent their r e p orters ; and r:1y speech , li 1~r! .mo~·t of ('JY e f for t c in orutor~1 , a s re ported and unrevised, wlll bo pu1Jlished in my " Writ i.1'.1€;S an d tr,ee che e ." So lone ~.u my n oble friend , Fee , s tooo on c on:.; t i tut 1onal c ro u.nd wit h myself. he shureci my Bocurit y ; but v7};<rn he follo,wd the Cons ti tut ion , and Y,ai, boli tion icloe. of i gnorin t:, the roinfo1·ooa b y adventure r s uoine fo rce r.. l eo , he Hn <l , 1 boliovo , for t y pnrso ns wort:, a riv en b 1 vi o l :•nce from Ber ea . It waA cl a i me c~ b~ Foe ' s ene mies at the t ime , t hn t l ap prov ed , 01· , at loust , ussented to , t h i s course ; all of wh 'ic h was uritruo . hi:=.: oY:n 5round 1 and l took mine . Jfo e volnntarily to ok To h a ve fol t. o\7Cd l i m would have been disastrous to my l i fe , w:i a t ho~e of my followers . Ho was a t f ir At a non- re:.., i ut1:mt ; but , f'urth"lr a l ong , allowed hie fri o nd s to u eo force . to Bt ond and defe nd my i,oo i tion to tl 11 r rl e tith . had det ormined Ti me pro ved t ha t l wan ri g ht . ~o nr e venone a nos moutons" - t he fic,ht i,ith Spri i:,;g , 1 give thc8 e acco unts boc au< o a ll :uch fl.a ve been misro:pr oc en t ea. by fri ends and f oes; and my objoot i s to s i mply se t fo rth the f acts . When I was in t he Legislat ure of Ken t ucky . Sprigg was an old r e1ireoontut iv A from Sho lby County- " 11 a good fe llow , n as the pt.r asc g oo s , but quit e 1,.uarrel o cme , i.nd the t oro o f mo.ny fi t;hi s . He oeemcd to think l imeelf c a l led �- 83 c a l le d upon to bavo a 11 mussn with me 0s pect a l l y . For , ae my 1other nays in one of her lett ers to me ? I was no t a lways mild in my mode of s tat om, n t . S omo words passed in tr~o E,,us e , ana i t wo.i:, thought that !:-)prtge would c ha l lDnge me . Af.3 ot hor fi ghts o f mine were tragi c , one wa r: q uite comic. f~o that ~;l)rigg was a de or ih ove:t of tho St a te beverag e - ''old Bourbon" - whfoh , as c l sehwe:re, here was apt to loosen th e t ongue. 80 , on one occfis i on , he re- veal ed to me , c onfi dentia lly , how he had a l wa y"· be en tri ump hant :i.n pe r s o nal :renccun:t.ers . He a.p1,roa chea hi.a an tagonist , whon a fi gh t wns inevi table, i n a mild und conoiliE.,to:ry mmine:c , dea l t him a l1har p b low, an d fol .owed. tha t u p v;it1 unre l on tine:, severity til l he \',a~, whi ppe t't . SHi d he , mind !" 11 11 Thuo~ oi zo and s t reng t h amount to noth ing agains t Sprigg had no doubt for gotten thc.t he h tcd eve r r evea l e d to rne his s ys tom of tact ics . So , when t h o Hou<' e ad jcu:rnoc1, as we both board e d at t he s am e hotel , and t ho we ather was cool ': I fotin d ::ip:rigg b i Lting on the f a r s i de of tl10 firH - gr a t e , anc-1 s everal member s of t he Logi s l uture pre·-ent i n the smnc room . As soon as Spri gg , v.rt.o wa~J evidently m"lai ti n g my ar:ri ntl , caw me , h e adv~nc ed pa.st a ll tbo:.:;c g en tlemen toward me , wi th a pl onsant l ook wi th out spc uking . I r omnmb ered h i :::; method s ; ctn d , when ho t ot witMn rea c h , wi t }wut a wo:rd on e it hor side , I gave h:i a s evere b lo w in the fa.c e , &nd broug.h t h i m s kggering to to t.he f loor . As f a s t a s he wo u l d ri"' e - fo r I p layed with h i m as a c a t with a mous e - I r e1)eated. my blovrn ; a llowing him always to ri s e , as I fe lt mysel f gr ea tly an ✓ �- 84 tm overmat oh f or M m. u n<} i::o:ilzl d not s t ri!:e him wh en down . \';hen t h0 bys t andorH mj,w tho un e 1~ua l f i ght and fe lt tv..at Spr tgg, who wm, a not orioufJ bul l y , ·., , a e, fu l ly p uniBhed , one o f them c au g h t h im by t h o c oat - t ail ( f ine doJ.4,d:st e br oad - cloth wa~ th en f ash j enab l e ) . tmd t ear l n c h i s c oa t t o th (~ ver y c oll a r, pulled h i m away ; an d thu s ende d th e SElt - t o. The upsho t was that B;,rigg , t he ag gressor , was s e ver ol ;y punishe d - e yes bl 6.ckc d , n os e bl e e di n g , an d cot.i t et)t' to:rn ; wh i l st l tt oo d s mil i ng , wi th " a t ouch . Spr igg l ai d ty for c eve n1l days ; a.nd e ll t hough t n ow, a t l ea s t , a du e l was inevi tabl e . ven t ur ed out , \';i Aft Hr a whi le ho t b h:ts eyes mer ked v:i t "h wi d e bl a c k rings . Appro aehint me , smi.line,: , wi t h outstr e t c hed. hand t o show peace, he said ; "Cl ay , ol d f e l low, he re ' s my han d. I taugh t you my ta c ticri , and you have beat en yo ur· mas t er a t his own game . " Of ccurs e , I accepted his hanrl , and we r r emai ned good frion ,is . ?.oor Sprigg! he wac ol.c oted to CongreBs - t ri.s t nc ho 01 o f dc:nor a lizati on - :,:; til 1 pa t r o~, 4 iz e d " ol d Bourbo n '' , and , i n n fi ~) 1t i'li th an Irh,hma.n , l oE:1t }:is r;ve, or hh1 n os e , 1 do not remember \'<h1ch , a n d t La t wus th o lu s t I havo ove r he ord of h i m• .tn th8 mesn timo I wtw chosen de1 e 6 at o of my Oonf;r oss i onal Di e t r ic t , incluai n 3 :.1ad i so 11 , my ol d coun t y , to r epresent the 'i1higs in the l~utionul Con vent ion , held a t Harr i s bure; , f ennsylvania , in 1839- 40 . I was , o f course , with all my St ate , i n favor of my f r iend und k i neman , Henry Cl ay , for .Pre si a.en t . But Gen . \.m. H. Ha rrison was made t he nomin ee , wi ~ . John Tyle r, of Virgi ni a , us vice p_r e ,>t de nt i ul \ �- 85 prcsirle:ntia.1 c an:'lia.te i ana the nominu tion was rnu.d o i m0us . Ul1 b.n - Here I firs t Br,w Lora cc Greloy . wi th v;hom, in b.ftc:r l i f e . I boom.no . .,o i ni imu tel;y ast1ociated . b.e had not the n rtH:1,c h c1d d i nt ir. c t i on ; l,ut, l shall ever· r e1..'l('G1L er his large head , t Lirily euve rod wi t r: o uburn hair , a pp ro6.chjn(., whi to , and J;in boyiHh innocent - loo k ing , un ci e.m i ab l e face , whic1i indic utea. e enius and e;r eo t s1 Ulplici ty of e}1r.:r;,oter . Thaddeus :Stevens wa.::., ah' o a de l egate from h i s dj stric t , in Pcnn s~lvt:ini a. , Ei,na made ,_uitc un i.mprossio n u-pon the Convent ion i th one of hj ,_, c ha rac te rirs ti c , bol d speeches , such us mado him fumou.s jn the cha otic t imes of thn Civil 1,a.r , ant1 pushed him to tho front as t be l eado r of the war • par t y . r did my po.r t in tho c t:u1 vass for iiar r i Go n;* * PASSAIC CITY Hirn.ALD , 11 . J . November 14 , 1894 . ✓ 1'he fi1·•·t policica l I!IO.Sf' r'le " tinL, thi~ wri i e r evAr ~ ttended wu~ cl urin e; th o 11 Ti opect:l.no 0 i:i n6 Tylorn campai gn of 1 840 , at 1lpw .Brunswick , :mn Ca □ ius l,! . Ol ay was the s t ti.r speake r . \ionus wa.o t hen ii day star , a n d during his hp eech in th::i aft e rnoon , h i gh u:p in thA heavens , tbc gc..2 0 o.f tho (rnt irc mas t. o f p eo pl e it&.8 fL"'{e~,, lo okin5 at the b ri ght star , l)lai nly vin i 'bl e i n the o~:rea l bluo , alt ho-r;h tht) s un Vit:ah filli ng brigh tly . rt occaa i o ne ct ari inte rrupt :i.on in t.!-:c Erpoec i. , and t hG officr;rc nf.r th <'! pla.' for i:11 uh,o t:t:1zod , &s d i ti Cl ny h ims el f . i~ftcr ~ pUliSe a l l. ov:ing al l t o look at tLc e tar , h e r (lS llmen in lit, !1.llppiost mood , refe rr i ng to 1,ho appour ance oi' the i, tar in the ea.st leadinc tho r.ise men to,·,ard t:t.e :::;avior , u.nd to th i c P tar shinine i n t~ c day tit!le HS an omen of Yictory an d a s t ar o f hopo ; an(; h • used ~mcb Lea.ut i i 1ul lungua&e tb &t no soon hud the gaze ;J f tho lJeOplc acaJ n centre d upon the S})e a ke r , whose words v:ero l i :rn p earl e drupp in,5 f r om the li 1)s upon the t :t..ron g onwrap t in a mass bofore him for it was o. grnnd olM- f arhionod, out - of- no or2 moot ing . Tho r,rite:r was the n a boy . a n d Ctrn r ius i.:. Cle:;· u t gt;fa t i me &J>1:e&red f;o the: p oo · le , as he s t ood in full mnn~)Od a n d ut t e r ed an o r ation s o t}.ril ~ i ng , ail~ost l iken god . He has been of t en 'befor e tho pu blic; but we huve nevor seon Mm f' ine;e . " E . end �- 86 anc11 i n du e t i me , began my home f i gt.. t w.i th Wi ckliffe . By rc~f e r e r.co to my s peo c he s i r1 t he pe n d::i. nf ; s e ss j.on of tr.e Ken t ucky .:..-8ci s latur0 , i t will 1 c s een t r,.&. t 1 was ci:ra.wn into open war wi. tL t bc s l a ve - power . They k rw v.; thoi r r: i renc;th , and ·;:i s ely d e t ermined to cruc:h a ll l i1:icral thoue'.> h t in wor d , ur pr o gress i on i n actio n , i n t he bud . h obert J . 1::ire ck e nri dgc , a s I G~i d , hs d &l r e ady f a llen i n th i s caus e , una been d:ri ven in to the C1. urch . J . G. Bi r n e y h ud b e en f orc ed by vi olo noe f r om Dan vil l e , Kent uck;y , i n t the froe St c t c of O}d o , and Dr. Lewi s Marsha ll , t h e f a h t e r of Thomas Jr. Mure hn ll , a nd br other of Humphr ey .. lc1rs l1U l l , who hu.d t he duel wi th lienry Cl ay , a n d others , had e i t her di ed , b e en ailcn c ed , or exi l e d f r om t h e St a te . And they t h ou.ght to mwrn s hor t Bu t th(' s e quel s h ow~ t hey werr) r10 r k of me , al s o . noome d tr.c m~";e lves . So l entere d t h0 c anva ss wi t h t ho l:'a t :r :i ck h e nry f l a g f l yin g ; a n d on eve r y ic; t ump b ol dl :Y denounced ~)l a very t o the deo th . 11:r . Cl a y b ;.10 vo •ed f or mo in t ho l as t e l ,) ction , and 'to t ed f or me ttt§t:dn ; bul , bef ore I wat:: Uf~a.5 n a c an di da te , he ve:r·y fran k l y to l d me ho t rout;ht i t bes t to c i ve wa~ for t,h0 pr esen t . and a v.•a:i. t a more :fuvorabl c t i n:,e . L re cpectf'ully co ns ide r e d ; but Thi s I s a w that t he:, t i me for p rud ent att a ck woul d n ev e r come ; and th a t wi th me , a t l east , i t wa s n ow or nev er - r.o·.1 an d f or eve r! wi th 11 '.Ph o hab it was t he b oyo;' wi t h wh om I was t he favorite . t o make t o mak e t orcl.- l i e;h t proces s i ons , as u show of s t r on g th ; an d t ho s lave - par t ~ i mi ta t ed our example . T. e gre at e~t s l uv e - ho l o er B fro m town t¾n d colrntry Ct,.Lllo l~o ...if;:i-: in t on. a n d j o ine d tho p:ro ces si ons . t he i r pa r t , F.1 nd l nf1.amma to r ;y t:peeche s were made on me t ni th e qua l f orc e on ours . So t hat . at �- 87 nt l o n5 t h , :v·iokl iff e in troduced my viife ' s na.i:oo i n 1;i, speech , t o wh ich 1 took oxceptiun s e i nad~ i a~ ible; u nd I ohDllcnge d hi m. ~Je met no~r l.cui s v i l l e. Col. v:m. R. l\1cKee , w'ho f oll at .i.\eunu Vi c; t u , wr-rn my Hecond ; and Al bert S i dney J ohnston , v, o feJ.l at S}iiloh. \Vben Gr a n t h u d. i-etirec'l f or 8ec u:rit y rmd Hr hh, r;un- bor.i ts , irn 11 thB Union oam,e was saved by Gena r o. l s .Bue l l f d lilel.son , wau Wickl i f:'e ' s . Dr . Al ox andor ~1ar z :tdll 1 , t , ~ ~ - o f Thom".I.B F . • s urg eon; :mo. Wa$ my " I do not rememb er , but I 1;:hin k , Dr. Cc.l dwell wao the s urgeon of t°Jickl:i.ffe . ·,-,o f i r ed a t ten 1iu cen , D.t per p,..,nd i cula rly , I stood 1-1till , u n <1 d ema:ncl ed a second f ire . But tb.e go 0 d benee o:: our r.eoo n<'I i:: pr e vai led . Hn d i t wa e accreed t h[lt thr- umt t o:r s he u1 d be a ro pped . No apology was made on eithor s i de , an.<l no r econciliati on ,.. ,as propored; e.n d we left th n ground oneoi e s , as we c a.'IJle . At th& t ti mo I was young , l iut l J nf.)r; full ✓ wel l t hat: the loa. e t Elbow of the " white feHt:hcr" waB ne t Eo i t wss with mo, here , only pol it ical but phys i c a l death . r ather policy t he:n i mpulse . by force • thfi t I vYantod. to ehoY1 tho,se who lived i t v:o u.J.a. be met 1-l a.ces , wi th fo:rc e . ~t ull t i mos , a nd in till Bat th0 ooc us ion a ncJ i h., effoctf:1 a.re n umbered_ Wi t11 th o pas t. An d_ I no\'1 do Wickliffe t h e ;Just i c e t o say t hat he war,/ : Bi:Jf'nt f e l l ow; and 1 re gret that I ever d i d so {):~ l-s'"tr a thine; . lind the fact 'J f n o t boin t sati s f i e d wi th a e.hot which cover ed the point of honor wou ld hnve br oueht upon mo the r id i oulo of a g'i gh t u pon such frivolous gro u.ndB , 1ut for the one mistake . We v,e r e a ll yotin t t o t,:1; ther ; 1)Ut by his lc u.ving �- 88 the fie ld , under a r encwea c all f o r a fir o , I had Wi ckliffe in a bad posit io n . Though l be lieve he would have stood agai n , if s o adv ise. I thi nk McKe e and J o hn s ton s a w t h o fol l y of further r esu l t s - I t eing a marri e d man , and Wickliffe be ing 8 ing lo ~.. t hat t h e ir moti ves wer e righ t , b ut the ir c ourse hacty , s o f ar as Wickl if f e cerno d . r✓as con- So , although 1 was in th0 wr ong , a nd , had the duel r esul tea otherwise , wou ld hav e be en wor s te d b y it , -~ ' 1 was rat her helped in the can vass , i n8tead of losing gr ound . The upshot Vias t hat I was vicoor in the le gal votes , but bea ten by unf ai r j u dges and co r rup t :ne t hods; ha ving al l the jud ges and all th o off ice r s oi' the el e ct i on against me . :No thing daunt ed , I looked st ernly a he ad , ke pt my fri ends we ll to ge the r . and a wai t ed events . 'r ho re s ult of t h e duel convi nee d me of t he absurdity of the whole t hing . bes i des , my time was too impor t a nt to los e i t i n s uc h trifles ; an d , as I had re ason to be lieve that many fools woul d be conti nually challengi ng rne , I det er·mined to ha ve no more of them . l so gav e out ; but l r es olve d to de f end mys el f if att a cke d , as l ha d occ asion to do a fte:rv;ard - s t and ing upon the great l aw of sel f - preservat i on, an d lega l s el f - defense . A duel might r e sul t in bu t l i tt l e or no bod ily ha r m; but a r encounter wi th me meant dea t h to one or the other pa rty . And so no man has bet te r illustrate d Shakespe a re' s " Thrtc e a rmed i s h e who hat h his qu arrel jus t :' Rob ert Wic kl iffe . j r ., havi ne n ow an op en f ield , bec ame t he c an didate t he next year for the lfa ttona l Rous e ( of Re pre s enta t iv es - Garrett Davi s * of Bourbon bei ng t h e *Un i ted St ate s Sena tor f ro m 1 8 65 to 1 8 71 . H. �- 8~ - oppoe i t i o n ca.ndidt!te . h enry Clay huvi n~ voted for m0 t wo :::;ucces,... i vo t im,-: s a:;uir:ot i'i icklif i'e ( for Cl ay ~ l ways v0 t ed) , eno b i ~- t:VO\"Jed "' entimonte or. tr:c olc.ver;y •. t.1<: f, tion , ho.d al i enated sor,H:• of hi~- old fo l lov;er ' f rom h i s lehdcrship . So ~ - '; ickliffe . sr . , and l 1$ ron , now hea<led a new facti on . Of cour bo , what influence l J1a.d with my compac t body of p o r:::: Jnal fri e nnc - ttmon 0 me for J)avi13 . l nborin g men mos tly ~ ¥'en t wit h \'tic kliffe . in c a n ·as s in6 , wuc in t t. o habit o f r oe.d in g a "r,a na bil l'' • in hi ~ own 1e}·.r:.li'. withou t naming nn,Jth er statoment . 11 hand b i l l n wMc}1 refuted l:i u f rj ,m(l ' s In Garrett Davi!:l ' s ntsenco , l took t he liberty t o :interrupt him , and , by tin permitrnion , to f;ay: "That hand - b il l" wh:ich hn ha.d just :rend , "was proved un;:;rue b11 anot}ier of g ooc'l bl.utho r i ty . " r e murks . Aft er .r:.e t hen would r esume hie- t hi o l:.ad oc c ur red :;everul ti me , he "' ent for Samua l :(... i5rovm , ;hate o.f llow u-r1ou.nri . who was post - d>ffice tra vellin6 ... u{Serr~ under 0ha r l oe A. Wi ckliffe , hir relut ivo . then . c.•01.:1tmactnr- eneral under J o rill Tylor . on th n e ro und . he vnw an old Vil1ie;, of B:ro vm wa8 coon Do cj o l crar u.c ter , strong phys i gue , &.nd , in a v•ord , a ~oli t i o nl bully . lie i t was wr.o hu6 t ho figh t \7itt Tr·oo . :<..ooro , the :Demo crc.tic Con~reoemru,. at liarrods bu:rg ; ti.no of Phom ii was ra i d t,hut h e h od " f ort y fi~htsf , and n e ver l ot' t u b at t le . " At Bus sell ' s Cave , in Fa yet te Count.., , T:1hon ! r . 1'. ic;, lif.fe re pea t e d t h e• usual r ol fi , .i inter:rupt ec1 him o.g~ in , tt"' befor0 . saying : "Tr.at h a nd - bill h(l S bo e n pr oven untrue . 0 at the moment , Brown go.vc me th E> " da.mnod l ie , 0 and struck me ojr,ultanoously m th Ma umb r e l l a . l krne w the man , and �- 90 and tho.tit meant a de ilt h - st r ugt,lc . l a t once drew my EoTii e - knife; but. before I COl,ld r: tri r e , I ,:ne sci?-ed fr om ehind , &n<l borne by force abo u t f ifteen feet from Brown , v·ro . l:eing- now Lr m.ed wit h b. Colt' s r evolve:r- , CJ'jed ; "Clea r tho rn1y , &.na lo t me kill the namneo :ca~ oa l. 11 l1h"'> way wi:w speedily clet.r ed , a.nd I ft ood i sol e t ed from tbe c rov:d . !Ton , a.s h r o\•,n. r-'Hd h5s p i otol bcarine; upon me , I had ei tr.o r to r un or a<'lvanc e . f-'o 1 turning my left side towar d h i m, w:i. t}} rc.;1 left arm oovcrint, i t , so as to pr 0t0ot it. to t' .;;.t extent , l ndvanc ec' ru.f) i dly on him , kni fe in h a nd . f- o einz l war: co '.Iline , ho kne,, very Y,e l l th S:J.t n-Jtf'ing b ut a f':.1 t [1l i~11d i=:uddcn ~r:o t coald sa.'Te hi.I!l . J:.e r.·J l d his f ir n ; &na , t.:ikin;-:: n0lLf"1·&..tc ui m jutt as l war. in &rm~s ree.sh , ho :'i re d t:1t my heurt . ' I came down ur,on l:~ r- 1:oa.d with 1:1 tre 1:ien dol1s lil ow , which \-.oull'.'l have spl it 0 1,en an or d i .m:i.r!1 ckull ; bl.. t brown ' s wao ae th i ok a~ tr...e.t of an 11fr ican . '.i:hir· blo\'. laid his skull o. ,en about t lree inches to t~n bra in, indenting i t , 1ut not bre aking tho t extures ; bu t i t t:o Gtunned him that hn was no more abl e t o f ire , bn.t fee b l y a.t tem1)ted to sei :rn me . The conspira t or s now seized me , a bove my elbows , wbich onl;y a llowed f ore - a rm , as Brown advanced npon me. with h ickory sti cks and chairs . Me win hela Lott arrr,i:; t o s tri ke vdth the l was u l so struck I;ut , f indi n g 1 wao like l y to e:0t lo os e , t h0y threw B:rovm over the stone f ence . This fenc e , whic h i nc lo sod tho ya rd nflar tho s t eep descent to the cav e HJJd spri n 0 , •,,f.l.'. t uili- of limeRtone , <.ib out two fe e t ~o �- 91 feet h i ~on tho upp0 r s i de , but pe rhf.tJ)S s e v en o r e i tJht o n the l o we r So hr own ha d a te rri bl o f a l l , whj c h o i de , ended t ho conte nt . haieing my b l oody kn ife , 1 s t:1i d : t hut t h(: ht.m d - b ill was pr ov en re..tdy t o d efenc1 t J· e t I u t h" . i1 11 I r er)(3a t ' f a l sobood ; a n ::l I ot un d Bu t , neither ~ r . ~i okli f fe n or o.ny o f' tt:e c on spiro.to r s , t e kin g u p m;1 e h1-.:,l len ge , some of my f r i ends , r e c i over ing f r om thei r lE' tha r gy , took me by t h o a rm 1 ( see ing v.rhcr e :ar own ' !i bul let r.tU d entered , ) t o lhe clwel l>ln t;- h ouse; ena , on opcni nf; rn~· ve, t and ehi rt l>os om, fo uri a onl y r ed epo1 ovo:r m~ heb..rt , but n o v,o u.nd . i;, On e xami n a ti on it was f ound that t he ba l l , a. s I pulled u p t he sca b ba:rd o f my Bowie- kini fe , i n a.r awi .nc t he- bl u<le , h c1.d ent ere d t he l eother nee.r t he po '. nt , v,hi ch was l i ned i.•iitL s ilver , and w~s t,hore l od ged . n tl8 work. Prov iden ce , or f a t 0 . r e s e r v e d me for a b e tt er Ancl wi:en I look bb.c k t o my muny es c a pos fro rn dea th , 1 am a t ti.mo s int eri➔erence j mpr ess ed wi t h the t ile a of t h e s pec ial of God i n t h e aff a i rs of men ; wh i J.ct r.iy cool e r reas on pl a ces ln una.n e ven t~, i n that e qual l y certain a r r ung e me n t o f t he gre a t mora l ~nd l)hys i ca l l a.ws , b y which De i t y may be sa.i d t o be ever di r e c t ing the affa irs of men . Cer t a i n i t i s thu t h e who s t an ds on t ho right map: ofte n hold h i s own a ga inst hosts in a r ms . f~ Afterward , l happe ft l o be a t t he Bo urbon " . Agricul t u r a l Fa ir , of wh ic h my l:irothor , Bruttis J ., wa s _presid ent • f ovcr al h undr ed ga i1 tl e r s1 h ad ga ther ed in tv " r--· mass i n t h o immense G.mr;Li t eater , an d in t e rrupted t h e , s t ow b y cw.line, t o tho .j u d0 e s . Tho d i r e c t ory or der e d the ribbons �- 92 - ribtons tole omitt0d , so t:bet no l-ets coulrt be de termined . :;}H13 r elif,on the rou.gbe , hoad.e d b~· a note d bully , cried out : "Cl o so tho doo r<· , an ~ :.::top tho £'air : " a.ncl , a t tl: e s ame t ime , ma.d e e. r u sh towa.rd tho entering doors . uThie ground bel on1:;s to th0 cor - mob advance d , .l sai d! pora t ors . As the l r-;t~rnd i n oofent1 e of their l egal ri;_;hts . I dar e any man t o dso uch the doors . 't They wero not touch e d . :Br own hact hi::; :::: kull cut to tho brain in se ve r~ l plac ee ; one ear cut nearl) off , 1 is nose slit , ancl ono ey<~ cut JUt ; and many oth or -_.,·ourids . Had tl:e rencount e r taken p lace butween two ordi nct r y c i tiien s , no notice wlH.i.teVC:il' WC)u.J.d havo 1)eon taken of i t 1iy the f;ra:n d ju:r;y ; lJut , U"' 1 ·.,&~· o u 10ur: to tho slavep h0l de rs , t hey i mpro vud a l l t rL8 uhance::; to weaken and ruin me . l wu.e indi cted for mavhcm , henr y Cl ay and J ohn S f1f}od ~.tni th were my coun c el t1.n rl aefon ders ; both v olu.n t. aerine t:te ir ::-;c rv :lces . Br ow1:1 , outrage d a t h i :.:-: tJe inP; tr:.r «vwn ove r tr...o f en c e , and d1aso r t ea , wae my p r i nc i pal wit ness . _p rovod trl!l.t t he re v:as &. He consulation at Ash t on ' s (hotel- keepe r , l betVJeen himsel f . V,iCJ{l iffe , r rof . J . C . Cross of the 'l'r unsylvani a ..aedi cal bc},ool , Jucob Ashton , a nd Ben i7ood , a pol i ce bul l y; tha t the pi s t ol wit h which I , was shot was loaded in advance ; t ha t he was to bring on the affr a y , and t hey we re to a.id ; and the four went i n the same hac k to Russ ell' s Cave , an d ther e a ll t ook par t in t he f i ght . �- 93 - Human naturo is much tho t::a,me under a ll :forms of gove r nment . .l!ower i B e:ern:•ral ly force; und t tor e l o but li ttlo sentimental ism :i.:n that , whetl:c r it bo in an &atol!:rat , o r a despotic majorit y i nn republ i c , which J i n riuc h c a s es , i s , when un co vered from its 1'.!.lt·d::1 k , a.gai n So I , inetead o f Br ovm , wa t3 :pr osecuted . nn ~1utocr a cy . By our l8rm , sLooting v1i th intent to ki l l is n c ri minal o:f:'fonr-i e , punj Pha.bl e with co·n finemont i n the • 'i'r.a t offens e , i n t his case , pe n • tcn i. inr y . WioW 1-1.ggn:.,va.t e d bj: a co nt"' pi r s.cl' to k j 11 me , v.-t ,ieh intens i f i cd t he cr:iminal intent , and made tr~A facti:1 inco ntrovertible ; ye t Brown was not ;:rosecut;cd , but i, who had stood upon t ho etornul law oi' r cl f - dense , was he l d to a.Y1se:r for m:::i.yhem , or ruai 'ning the per son , byt cu VLing Brown ' s e a.r , and destroyin~ his @PO• He nry Cl ay a nd John Speed S!ni t h , my b1m t11er - i n - = l aw , a g r oat orat or a l so , me . Smi t h's HS r·•~i d , voluntee red to do f -e nd t:1s he waB a r oused by t he c omparison A with so great u man Hf:l Glay , was a ver"3 abl e one - fu.lly e c1uul , if not s u perj_or , to Cl ay ' s . lie was the uncle of J a.rnfJS ::1J0e d , .:Gtnc ol n ' o J..ttorney - Gencr al , and fatho,r of t,he Ifov . Ge nor Hl Gro 011 Clay Smith* *l\J e pLew of Cuosim:1 :,i. Cla: , and uncl e of' Will i am Ca ssi Uf> Goo<l l oe , .l.Je t) t~la.tor , St tt te Sena t or , nn c one timo. r a:ni ster to Eelg· jum . Gr e en Clay Smith ( 10;~2 - 1 893) volunt Aerod in the :,fox i can War v;hen :f.'i ft oc:n ;; ears old , and vms elected Second Li eutenant . He nerved in tho Kentnck;y Legislature in 1 8 60 , ent orea t~e Union Army knd b e oa~o Colonnl of t ho ?ourt h Ky . Ca.vul r y ; \~,a~~ ma.de Br igact i e r - Ue nc:ro.l , ann brevet too 1".i.ajor Gen nr a l for gal lon try ; war: elec t ed t o Congre as in 1863 , appojnted Govn rncr of iJntana , etc . ho was one of rte ii dent ' Linc oln ' e pall - Learere . ~uitting pol i tics early i n life , ho became b Bapt ict i-!li nis t er ; �i1Iini e.tcr ; t r:oug h , in 1 8 76 , he w~ ~, t: i 6u te f or 2 r etii dent . H. t }H; J~r o}, ibition e an - botter kr10·,:n , p f3 r L-::.ps , t}.a n his ft:11,her , ·but not h is o que.l ae an orator . }~ut t i e r oad or i s int e r e f: tod ::1o r0 in ho nry Clay . Gone:ra l l y , v<hc l1 i"'- n l ive , an d t i c p0 ruon u rn1 c:iu r110 t e:r fam :i l fo r one , but li t t l e i s E&i <i of n·em. a man to over ~ And. , a ft er h i fi de ath , 1mt few are loft , -v:hc , b y p e rso n a l conta ct , r..re able to eketch tho lo s t 1: o rtra i tur o . As h em· y 0lay is one of t l·ose men who " are :no t 1.'or o cl uy , h ut f or a ll time , " I It iu a r emu1lu.,l, l n f a ct , ;m t •;:e l l known , th c:..t Mr . Clay , 1lt; a criminu.J. Eidvoc a tc , n ever l ot~t a c&s o . lt is , tl1e'.rf.l:t'ore , a G1.i.b,ject o f' in to:r eLt tc oeo wha.t wer o t h e o f }: h : oxtraord:i.r:w.r;y r: uccer.s . Lll c onse c~uo ne e of , t,be exi s t etice of slBver;y , a.r,a the f ro n t ~· - l i fe o:' Ken- (H11.U.: 0 1c~ tuok i v. m1 , th e mE•~i of t ul on ond c :t-: ar a.cter rier e tb~ nu t ural lead erg ; and t l.e i nfl ue:n ce onc e t,:a i n oc1 was eve r p o tent jn ~11 djrccti ono . mo:re o f Wi1.a vf ul l r:icr~ Y(b orn 1 1mv e known , Gl o.y h ad t i s eel le a, i n mo de r n times , mugne 1, i s m. .ue vms , as i r; v1ell l::nown , quit e t&.1 1 . ye t c ornuH.mdine ~nc'I very ert.cefuJ. in ma.n:n 0r &n d r.1J vemc nt . .ue r..ad the mo'" t v;ono crful v oic e j ~ v;htch , wit1 w1 ol P<:l c cior~ce of g osti c ult'i. ti on und t}J(: co:·:: tiss , J"> i ...:r-:lt;y . and i-:wee t nosl:'l ; an d manner , l:e Re nulou.~1 ~ c ult ivated . Dr . Joe~•ph Rodes Bu-0 hanan, the c el 0brn te6 !-eiontist ana 1>1 ilouopher , now of ~os ton , i n hi s treati s e on "~ora l Fducuti on, " t hr ows new light upo11 t l. e vo i ce , u;p. d i ts i nfl-u oncc on th o pa.s s i on~1 of men . 1·, ithout agreeing wit}. h i m u pon 0omo o f h:i s r e l:i g i 0us , d/w ~~ ~ , ,,:/,' ~ 4,, J, :!tu /ci r( ~ af?-1..t.t-~1tftiuvd �- 95 - obee :rva t i onl::i upon t he infl uonco of the ln th:i e Cl ay had t, hu1!'lun voic e. gre t.t s 01 rc e of riown· . a l s o a nt:tv.r s.l c om:::on : enne , wl·i ch , in him flnit in hra.h&m .Lincoln . outwe i e;hed a l l the culture in books of their great ri val s . "comr,on P. ..tfow. without nttempt1ne a definJtion of •nae , " l regar d i t as &. f a culty of olrn ervj ng ana standing cl ose to the no rma l l awr. of mi nd an d bojy ; which 1 ws op erate with s teady infl u enco in all the mental and phys i cal a c tivities of tho comu.on or ~v erage mo.n. Thus Mr . Cl ay. in tho bnckwoods . whore men u.ro trnen mo re i n t he ir real char &ct ers th u:r. in old er societies fi.nd cttios . was better able to unoer:c:;tunc1 t Lem . ( an d rien ure c:.t bottom much the sc1m<=, e very - where • ) or &ny F;.U.d ience c lfle whore . l bu.t touch u pon '!.be r e things hor n , as I have spoken of them olsewhe r e ; arnl eonclud0 b;y the 1·omar k . that :<t.r . Clay lmd a ver y h i e)1l;y devel o ped ner vous structur e ano tempe r ame nt , 1 ¥ wr.1ch , au in war , all hit' i'orc e fi could be at on c e r a pidl ;y co ncentr1:1tt·,c'l on one point of u tb:.:. ck .* *The fo l lowi nfs on .tlonry Cl ay , i e b y J ames O. ilarriuon , a ier sonal friend , tl:ougb :poliLi c a l ly op , oacd : "* * "" 't· it. ,.. "Hie oh t •-·f phy~ical p e oulia.IJtY we.i:: i n t h e stru c tu· o o.r hh- ne rvo w-: syi,tom . l t was Ad eljcately strunt; tra.t \, ora.f- , a toucl: , c memorJ v:ou.lo s o t, it in motion . Tt ough hi L rwrvou.c cy ~·tom war; thtt~ sen~itivc . yet .t: i s e ~o t i 0n:-· , 1,owever,1 ere,. tly exc ited , weru of themcolven no v or stro ng e no u g-J-_ to rtictur-b t he eo lf- po i s e of h i~1 d••libe rute jud e;nrnnt . His conviction □ of duty vmrf> fixe d as fate , and yet . a.r, I tliOUf~ht , ho wae tho mo : t omotionul man 1 ever knew . l have seen hin eye s fill inr. tu.r. tly on : :- hakinr;; t, b': ha.~ a of un old f:ricnd , t_~wovor ob MCUr e . wl o bad s too d by him in hi a ea r ly stru ggles , and ~~om . af~e r 1 h a ve seon the a l o~g inte r va l , ho had .ud donly me t . l etter of u g n11::id - c l:ild . t hen ro s idi nc in u dit.tant St ute . dro 2 f r om hi r1 hanc1 \.Vhc n re o.din t., it u l oud t .-' ~omc r!'ie mbar s o f r.is fa.m1ly . --- Lis O";f c s vi ero t o full of tea r s to s ee , c.n ct hi s ton bu0 t oo .full of a.no tion t o utter,t he i o-u chint; wo 1·ds . I read t.ho le t ter. There was not even a SUL,t,;eeti on i n i t to gtvo pa in . I t wat, only th r: lo vj_ng l e t t or of u chilct , full of t ender mosr..' agcs to he r e r und - mother , nr.d tn �- 96 - t c him . a***** ".henry Cl a y , b y Tho im:l Et il . Ola y, n p . 397 . J a cobs and Company , ~hil ad 0l phia . 1910 . :.f1,er f!ta},~c; cl0l..r.Ly the g.vouridg of vinojo f1t i o.n , co1.rntorac t the ir:tom:..e p rej uoi. co t1u n :i. m d ., me , o:i· a ppealing t o _pusi:d onn of li k fl intens ity i :n a eoD1munity v:hcr e sen timent i e cvorytt in~ when 0nc a f r ee to a ct. jury . .r:..e t eners.lly :: t ood Wi ll iam T. i3ar:ry I huvo f:•o en mCJVC e :i. f).i.t or ten feet i n SJJfH:i.kine - r up idly a d vu.nc int:,. ::. nd ret reot i ng - wto n the cl i max of J,: t: :.,yllo e i r~tic ~r gumont _war~ r or; chod . Rufus Ghoa t o f o llowe d a li ?::r1 co ur l';' e • a t J. oost i :n in t on s tt y of phyuicnl moti on . i,.n d I P.z::. v e s e en r,oc r i m:1 tt1t or s o f s u c h men uno not only t he .Cor ·a :r cl 1.ii:'l v c1.11ce , b u.t tc t: id.e vibrat i on iu . ·.~.ell , like a c }mi ned c con or lie a. r; ana ov en come do rm f rom t he r,l at f o r rn , li ' e a ::etl~ odist; p rea cher a t a camp - mee ti r}g r Gvi vu.l , ainone the n u(U t or s . Bu t all t hi c :1 s n on ~Hrns o , Y,11i ch rna;y yiJ.eau e the i gn orant; yet , us Ehap espea:re L a ~: it 1 rr.u.s t nmt:ke tl:: e ,judi c - i ous g ri ovo 1 ' . Ol a;,· VH:lB too good i:.1.11 art i st for this. He g enerally r:: tco d s til{ 1 go0 ticu l a ting with gr ac e ful mov c m1;nt o f one or both h ands ; and , when i n the m~Rt int ens e for ce , advancing a f ew n tepr; fo r wur d onl;y . In my OWJ:1 speaki ng , 1 s t and near my a udience ao pos ci ble - :pre fe 1r ing to have t ho ro s trum not h igher than the hea:· s of my auditors . I make few ge t stures ; nevor chant,e from my pl a ce , a nd us e my voice �- 97 voice o nly to inte nsify my hi e: hc:.:it th .:.:ue;1'"1t . At thin d ista nce cf ti me , I cun hardly venture to [!ivo more t htm a t l1ou.5ht or tvvc of a. ~,p eech which was to ne , of al l othe r s , of moat inte re s t , and most li ~ely to bo :rememb ered: nThe '..'.t:tes tio n wt i.ch tM. G jury of f'rcemen is callod u rion th e ir hon o r and conscience to decid 0 , is n o t whethe r t Ji c p oliti cal v ews and ~-ent l ments of tho ,·:rtscner Tiere juBt or no t , n or whether t.hc ;r agr e o d or c~i:-,ci 0 rood wi th you.n ~; nor je t , if they 1vern ,jur t , wh et her i l l - timea. or c ut of pl a ce . You e.ro t cur:a , on your oaths , to -:_;e.y , . 1:1. s c ons ti,i.;u t.. ., • " wa.s ('l , _a y ao t.-:ing 1.n , 10 nn1 bl1 d '.\.ees. 1 r1. g nvr Vias hc-:1 ar,gres~1if e 1o:r re:·· t:in g peuceablu in the 1:10c uri t;v of the lo.i,vs w}d.ct gu ard ulj ke the sc1fe ty of you , end me , and him'? And ye t more: Di cl he oc cu:r,y even highe r e ro md t han a l l human enactmen t s - the P. t orno.l l s.;-;s of sel f - d efens e - v1hi c t1 c ome o.n l ;y of God , t.md wh ic.l: no/le bu'tlie can a nnul , judge or punish ':> S tunc1 int, , as he di d , wi t}~out c:d.d e r e or abettors , a n d v.-itho·ut ,,opu.J.u:r s ympathy ; with tl'\e f'ab:il p i stol of c onspi r e d murde r er ~1 p oint ed at his hc urt , would y ou hav e had h i m me anly and cowr a rdly fly? you h av e had h:im to do just what he d id no - O:r would t her e st6nd .i n d efense , or t he r e/ f a J. 1'? 11 Anc1 then turning purtyl y toward me , ,;1i th t h o most pathet ic voice, broken but emphatic , and r a i s i n g h imself with the mos t i mposing p ers onality an d dignit y the.t ever an iL'!lerican has atta ined , he sai d : "And , i f ho ba d n o t. ho _ , .~--~--·~-_,. ., wou l. d not ha ve been wort hy of the_,nume :he bear s! " __,.....,""""""""_which _ ,.,.,....~+--t -r-t- -+-+-t- + + --r·-t ..J.. + -f ..,. -1-+ 1- -r 1~ after �- 98 Af i,t'.J r .Br own ' ti 0v i d1~nco , u.nd tr.e ver y a.1.,l e spe ec he s o f :;;esr; rs . Cl~:;., 1::i. nci. 0m j tl: i n m~· t'l 0.fHnuo , i.hc jur y had only to r e ~- ire , w:ri. t o a v0. r-d ic t o :f n o t gui lty , and r etu r fl i t t o t1H" co urt . Now, v:h on Brown l!',a.dc h is con1·ession . I tl';ou[, r.t thu t 1 &hon.ld b e e <1u u lly magn1:,.ni rn'.) US ; so I s ent him word b t:. frk n ci thu t l t hW1ke d h i m f or t he se r v i ce h n h i=, d r en de re d me , cim1 v1ao wi llin5 l o dr op t h e wh ol e e n L'l i t y , a n11 be fr ie n ds f- lhi ~ ~e r i l entl~ dec li n e d . l o-;,:pected anoth er d ea dl: r enc0u n t er , 1.:. .r1ci w&.B eve r pre 1 par ed . I met h i m t wi ce ~ f t erward . day i n .D . l wns s i t t i nt:, orn; : . Nickli.ffe ' B oi' f i c o ,- e a i to:r oi' t ho Ken tucks ~ - He .oor t e r - vrlt h rrnrne frj,'.,ndr; . vJ1 on or ovm m..me i n. up , C,( na r:: to od ready f ,n · do f e...1se . a n a. say::.n ~: i:.i i rose 13u.1, J.> r O\'lf'I , ::1 eo i n5 me , fow wor ds , ro t .i. r oo . .1.n a f ew d.:..t ys l me t h i m, pass i ne on the foc t - p,J.ti.1 a c r os:.J t r,<' bt1·1.HJt f ro m on e S<i1.mre to tn0 other , a."D cu.t mi dway . ',.c .r~e.en e eol 1 0 1.,111-,r , oo th gi Yinr; :par t of t r..c :ro ad ; and I never s a.v1 :ti m a :_:- ain. l .)ng e ft cr tvurd , h e v,as 11 own u.r i n ville , ~nd was lo ~t . tJ E 1t eumhoa t Ho t ne ~r Louis - uf al l the r.w n 1 ov er e nc ou n t ered i n pEJTron ul .c oni1ict , .Br ozm was t h n bra.vest . Nor mu.b t, o ut - oi d e ro take t o o u.nfv.vo:rc:.r,l ~ a vi ow of t l:e fi eht ; fo r i::.t tha t t i mo few men ;:.ore my e quu l i n n uc h confl ietr, ; r... nd bot h Vlickli ffc a.na Bro wn ha d r eason to be l i c v e t h at I wo tild be backed by s ome of my f ri ends , a t l eas t . I say t his in juo t ice t o tr. 0 deu d ; a..YJ.rl men of one country c an n ot �{ ( - 99 - alwau~ 1)e judge d b~ t ho mor a l s t andard of an other. A..r1d ~tlr. •-iicltl if fe mi g ht well be pn r donen fo r le twing others .tou.t er a con ge nial . po:r ~onal c o nflic t wi t 1i one wh om he hie "beaten befo:re the peo11le , wh en now r.e was entering a hi gher field o f ambi t i on . :Davi s Wal , h owe ve r , el nc ted.; an d Wickliffe was sent Nli. niRter Re s ident to so me on e of t ho I talian courtA , ho ma r r ied a.1,road, a.nd die d eurly; ann even I . wh,J ha d once had ~ tro.n g· fr ion o.r,1: it? in the f'umiihy . fel t s ympathy for his untimel y end . When l went afterward to t he 1.:le x i ci:m War , :\lason Brown . Sa u . Brown ' s Bon , was Se co nd Lieutenant of the " Ola Infa ntry , 11 o :f 1812 r;,emory ; a nd a s l had. one o an p or t u.rd ty·. a t Sal t i ll o . to r1 o h im a p en~ona l was ever a f terwH xd my friend . <1 p - f a vor , ho Some o f my enemie s , who fe ared me , tr i ed to i n cite unot b er s on , then livi ng in Ca lifornia , t o a per sona l ren count e r v:ith me:* * See .App end ix #1. h. but the Rov. Ro be r t J . b r e c k inrid ffe a nd Mason Brovm in t e rferi n g ) i t c ame t o nc t hing . l neve, s a'.v b i m. lt i s r a t her c ur i o u s ; and a rnon g t ho l o t Lor : h erea:f.ter t o be pub1ished , i s one from. Maeon }lrown , a t o l a t e r pe:r i o o din our l iv e s . t }JE) Suc h i s incams tune~, of fo r tune . Si nce t h /!3 Hdopt ion of t h e .B'e c1er al Constitution of' 1 789 , t her e h as ~un a or v u.ry i ng names , be en uubs t e.nt tal ly bu t t wo pnrtfo s in t he Uni t e d St a te s - t he one i n f a vor oi' a s trong cent r a l g overnme nt , und the other f a voring the more p opul a r r u l e o f t h e St t..tes . The f irst embrace d mos tl y the �- 1 00 thu wc•uJ th find ct..l 1,ure of tLn n e .p uh l ic; ,,nd the la s t the poo rer ar.d l abo.rtng clHCGoo , under cu1 t1v0.t0d lea.a.er 12 . At t he tilfle I entero d :political lifo , the central r,0. rty w,rn c1.tJ.l r:} d \'ihIG , ana t ho cer:i tri!'ugul Dih10CI<J~'.!:1C . Of t he lar:; t , Ancl r e w Jac1rnon had b (1co t1e t he leader ; and of the fi r st , Henry Cln.y . )ii:r . Cla,7 wa:::; t'll.l!ifft the e rea t r.:tatesma.n of his t i mes , devel op ing tho Amo:ric a:n sye t em , whi.ch i nc ludod &. tartt'.f for r e vonuo and pro tectt cn o f home mb.nu fh c tur en , 11 n a tL;nu.l cu.rr- r-:ncy I an i:I intf'r:n al imp:rov emonts - embr uci ng roads , cb.na l s , hro·bo rs , bre ak- we.tern , 0.m: o.11 thc.t . The Democrats , oi' wh om Jolm C. Oulhoun / had mo re and moro become thinker and lNicle r , oppoDod tl'.Ose po l1 ci es . But und erly i nE anct over - ridi n g e r a<lually a l1 ra:tt y poli ci ee wa$ s l a very . This olemnnt of Bocio t y , ty whi c h the mas te ~. hol a absolute power over his s l ave , TSB ~lien to all t he pr i nciples and policies of a Democr atic Repub lic . In~ h c ritint:, t ho institution fro¢ ou.:c .British a ncestors , our f a tho:rc felt the shar.1e of such tyranny , v,hi l et p roclaiming t be univer sal ri ght of al l men in r. Le<l:aara tion of rndep en6once . :\fost1y in numuers an a talent ast, j,r ine t o i tB s pe ed:v extinction , t;hey would no t 1,u t the worn in ou.r Con~ ti tu1;i o n , s l tl.ou,.,h it was i nd j rect l y re c oeni zed . 1 80H , no &±V & S slaves .-,c:ir e to be j After mpcrted into tho Dni te d State s ; uncl , to discourage :.ts e::-. i.stence , only tr,rec - fifths of th~ sla ves wer·e c:.; otmtc a in the bas is of represontation . Wl1en made fr.·Ho , they wou ld coun t man for man , m-1 i n gen er al citizensh i p . Under t hcce poli ti cal di sco urageme nts . and the �( - 101 - tho growing l i t er blia m of tho a s c , s l uvery WLH , f H.t' t decJ.~, ein d v1ou1a r,o ciou.1Jt have pet\.ccab1y " had. not tr:c cotton- plant , \';hieh our htr~du t:il1d cli1,1t:1. t (' s o much i'Hvo rod . , ,n d t.he i nvnn ~ i. on of the eo tto n - 6 in I t5 ivcr. now vuluo t o tll.ave - hu ldor , i.n u climate •;.I.ere t1:·.c ril11ck mun s e cmod to be the only pc sei blo c ult ivetor. Ttio now i11tere1:;t eon['Oliclut ea ·,:vus w11B t was t cr,nod tho ~nave-.Poner , ·n:.icr, u.n:: tc<l r:..11 e 1(:~iwnt s - ;uo:ral , religious , a n d poli ti.cu l - l nio a cor.1riac t &nd in e xor;;:..ble :f.'orce , v111ich so i'u.r ab ~}or bod or ov e:i. -rode &,11 .r~a rty p rinThfr, p ·oduc e d an e.wuknnj.nr; of the consti!i e.ni□ ,J f mon , and tho .hrJolit ion .r.'ar t ;17 , wh i. ch , in t urn , mndc all thint;f, s ec ondary t u l i'b or ai i J n . Tht; ~y covered tborur,o lve:;, ::·:r em ~l~urc h an d 0 th te , v.nc1 ref us e a to recogni ze trw Coni::,ti tuti .: n - declarinf; i t a n 11 u.t5:r·eet?ien t 7' Th :i ::1 nucleua of moral pro te o t &gainnt ~lavery , hcwavA r ill oeical in a polittcu.1 i: 1 e r.sc , o.rousod tr:e bettor gc11~ i r:1c nt. s of ttc o:f a10:,.xt1tvi nc t lwt sla very i"ms th-2 11 sum of a l l vi llainlos . " TJ-:cs c we r o tho a;:;e:.n1:;si v e forces whi u L J.ltiir.a tely dr ew a ll ot:t.01· ~1 into the i'r tra.ln ; t:.i.11 the }1'ree- :)o i.l i!e.:r~ , und :nex t J;. t he Re patlican 2arty , s to od on one side , and the lrc - Sla vor y re.rty on tho othe r , und er the: banner of :H'B.lse De mocrae~ . And thus wru-1 b:roue ht on tho Gi.v-: 1 War , una tt ~ overthrow of The s e :1uel prove a. t tat in r ee. l t ty t h Ar e was very little Hn ti- s l a vc r;y centi men t in tho .Ame r ican _people , eithe r before �- 10 2 - b e f or e or sinco t.1,c \'mr . J-;ut th".: e.ctrosL1 nr of tr o slc ve - po v;er ma.d e i t p l ai n t hb t thn f :roe ciom o f t he whi te r a c es , as v·cll as ttat of t he b l a ck , was invo l ve d in t he c or)t e s t ; ond t hat pr o cti c nl J.:v a ll the ~tates mm, t be f re e or r.lr.. ve . I n th e me~mti!r!e Grat Brit ai n , Fr t: ;. nce a.nd t he le ud : ng n ati ons had a b a>lis h ed rJ l a. very , a nd the s l a ve - t ra.do . J?crtugs.1 , f.:pa i n . Br az i l . a na 1:-.uri j a , s truggling i n t he ~a.inc dirocti c; n , i t te emed that tr.e Uni te d St at e s , ou t rd d e of th e barba r i a n worl d , vmr c t he on ly p er s e , an~i i ~s avov;ed p.ro r,ae;andi sm . ';f / ~ ,, / / * i'e:ru i'ren d her . a efe nder s of s l aver y , 7 nl a v nc b y .l:r0Rid e ntial de c:r·oe , con- (...,f i r~e ~ by . ~on cress in 'l:-&8'5" . li . Thui-:. 1t vn..1.. l be seen teat civi lizs.tLm ad vances in tl:o emn ' of pu1l i c thou e,-1 lt ; wh·i l "'t i t onl-S r omnins to t he supe:r:i or or[.an ir. e..tione of' tbc hero i c few to c tve u t t erances anc1 f'rl.U t o.ge t o great 1, r inc i ple s underlyi nt h ul!lan happi nesf-: . H.cnr;' Ch ,.y . ha vi n g been b ea ten i n t he Whi g Con - vent i on a t liarrisbur g , i n 1840 , by £arr i s on , from the defec t ion c f J ohn ?yler , who b e oM1e r reiden t on En :rrir:on ' s dcceac e . wus at once throvm to t}H~ hc F.id of h i s purty agttin , So he had no diffi c ulty i n ce tt i ng i n h i e al a l eade r ship . t he r.omi na.t:i.on a t btl t imore . i n 1 844 . By my de f eat on t h e ~'. ltLvery i s t; u.e ,. I was dj carmc d fr om r;ivi n g anybody he lp in t he BU. ve f;; t &t eE: ; l, u t free St a t es . j t tsr ea t ly incre a s ed my pihwer in the I ut onc e r e ceived a v uct numb er of l e t ter s from V,hi 0 s , t:. nd o tL er a dmire r s , t o c ome .N orth , a n d. a dvoca te Cla y ' s and the Vthi e, c au s e . I wan a l so hon or e d by a gr eat �- l tX3 - g~ll?e a t number of li terary und polit1ual r:;ocio U.es . 1)y but , .,~r . Cl a~ hu,7j_n~ bo:i.ng of t hem elec t e d a memLe .r . a dvi s ed ma not to run agc.im~t ;'; ickl ii-~e in 1 8 41 , l ac'l ormine d . before ent o1 inB on tlIB c~nvaee . to c onsult h im . l ~id so ; and he tol d me t o bO• ~o I ~ant. A2 l pro~oso t c &void~ r a t hHr th&n connect , my '\iiemo irs 11 w5.t h tho _Qen or&~ political h i sot r y of t he ti me ~, which i s already so f u l l , cU1tl a 11 t v:io e - t old tale ;" E:i,nd as my pol i t:i. cn l acti cn wilJ. Le test ::::tu.died i n Uw ut:ner Vi ri ting s , 11 l will only sav a fem ,·:ords ha:tc upon th e _po l:itt cal s itua ti on i n 1044 . The Sout h , by a eom r_,0,ct 11-.i no::r i t J·, eve r vigilan t r· a nd unre1 e ntine . had u.E0 u rned thf, e-;.sc enc1ency . d D l.011 '.::l:ey nnv, rovorsoo. t h e once :t'o urn1ed u pon f roo princ:l.p l et; . :pol foy· o f our :fo thors , Hort h and. f~out h , a nd d eter mined to maint fi.in supremo ccn t rol of tr.o s cvorru~nt , 1:1. n d ext cmo slavery first into nll it away , u t s evles . s 1;i.i u , tho new territ o ry; :;.:r~d fint..liy r.;i ve l ot.st ;;oli t iea l ly , :in tho i.'ree S t utet1 thomt • So t h ut t he is Lue v;us :i.nev i tab l e , u :,;; I bef\)l"G f o:c e i tlio :c a ll sla v e ur al l fre e Stat es . '.i'hin i nte r es t , Lor b ro vi ty , wi l l 1.Jc culled the Blav e-p0vrn1~. Thus tho mo r n l o .LHmont of t he .Nor th was cen t ere d in tLo Carrisonian• .Li b erty or 1.i.bolition ..'a r t;y ~ wh i l st t rio faT - s eei ng poJ.-i tica.l ~~,~u.,t- ~ .} minds con t ended i'or se lf- ,Go ve rnment . and r o r. ubl icnn ' s u premacy . * .J....· • J ~ ~- -;;, , / • \ .,LU-t.L •.J *Thf ouch tho fol l owing l e t te r frorn t h e Hon . Cassius M. �- 104 l,L Cl ay was not jnten d e d f or the :pub l ic eye , ye t we hop e 0 .1.r absent od i t o:r nn d a uthor v,;i 11 par aon us for riavi 1.1g ins erted i~ ou r paper the extra ct b elow . The h i g h - mi n ded and .cobel f-'JG11ti;,-:e11 t s i t embodies mm~t be o ur onl y excuse fo r the li be rty wo h a v e taken . Let ever y desc end ant o f o u,r J•i l g r ire. fn t he r a reo.d and r o fle ct . 1ex i ng t on , Ky . Jan . 3 0 , 1 844 . hl i hu ~u.rritt , Esq . :;:::::=--~· ;:=,. ~-iy dear S ir:l t i o from the de nc cndants o f the Pi l grirrf f a1°"he nr; that I l o ok f or a n exhibit t on of that l a r ge spi r i t o f ptilanthro phy wh i c h has in time B pas t made ~ew En g lan d. memor abl e among the Na t i on i:1 . l t i s fro m the GCJne New Englanders tha t I f i rst t :nhi bed tho..t spi ri.t of oppositi on to s l a v e r y wh ich , for t en yea r ~, of v,ar an d denunciat i on and r,c ri ls unknown to me , I have nur tured u ne xt j_:ngui shabl e in my bosom . It was in Ne w Hav en a t t he t ime o.f t110 :pul .li c raoeti ng c ul led i n donun cia t i on of t hose ~ 10 ha d f or s la very i mprisone d the Che r oke e ( Georg i a) 1ni0 Gi c no.r ieo , ttut I f i:n:t fel t that i11c!'lgnuti. c n ag::iins t op prc es i on whic h ae t e r mi :n0d ma t o mak e eternal wa r agains t slavery - and t hough I have st ood ttl on e , onA against a t housand , I thank Goa tha t thus f ar I hav e remaine d un s oa t he d in p erso n and ummbduc d in r;;-;iri t . I r ej o ice t hat t he hear ts of my co untrymen i n a l l the Un i on are be g in ni n g to be moved : &s t ha rushine ¼ate rs of t he g re a t ocean , t he poo:pl o a re troub l ed a nd wh a t shall b e abl e to :3 t i l l tho v1a ve s? ;,lore ~,s reci a l ly do l take couri.t:;e from the i'ac t that thP <fu:rc h of the l i v ing God , wh ic h i n t i nes :p.s.:.:;t; r.as l>een t11e pior:e e:r- of l i berty bn <l eqm:l ri g1~t s among men , has be gun t o a waken fro m the s l eep of dea th which 1·1r,,c placeo its ver;; finr,er s u pon l i ds that shcu.l d ne v e r clos e , uu t be constant, in e t erna l v j_g i l e , for ~i thout t r i a l ~nd ~ufforin t even hereon earth tt o re i s ne i ther tri ump no1· i:--l orv ! 'L~ ven r..er0 , v:h ero I have ; o oft en Jiear d th'9 J ob - l ife c omi'ort , 11Wh at f.i pity thr:;1,t a man of siieh flatt e ri ne _pros pec t s ::ihould r.a.v e f o:r- ov8r n.rf i ne d hiuis eli' , n 1:,r i i:;ht er U.me s b e g i.n to davm and many s.re wa it i.ng the si gna l t o rally to th :"' s t a nd a rd of' 11 11:ni vors ti-1 ect a net pat i on , " .Man.;y influenti a l ci ti~ens are with mo - t to in terests of t ho ppor a re wi th me .. f I sr.a ll fi n,t say nit :-, t he fo ml , ni'here i s n o God , 11 befor e J. Bha ll de~;pa ir o f et e rnal suc cess . . '-.J .., ( ~11~~;> C . \~ c~~Y .1,J .,.. - - ,I, . . The s e we re t he divid i n g banners , wit~ a lar ge p oli tical for t ce , 88 ever in a ll nat i o ns , of a neutr a l · s t and i n g . Of the s l av e - power, J ohn C. Calhoun , was now t he leader ; a nd o f th e othe r fo rc e was henry Cla y . The aboli ti oni s t s were �- 105 we r e Di s un j_oni 1~' ; rnovomont . . s l a ve:ry ~ :ck ~ othe r two r,artiN; s tood i n a cli..'l.in& Tho ·:,Ligs for tl , e un i on , with o r wi tho llt Th.A Calhoun Do mo era t~ f o.r C!H) Uni Gn , i f pos~: i b lo with slave r y ; buii , Union or n o Unj_o n , slavery for e ve r. ,. s t ,_ > '..ihe ? o wero be t r un.11.s o :f the three growths , wi th the root s yet in te rmtngl i n g in upp Brcnt u nity . 'l'hore v;ere S(~ve:r e l then , ca,.11-00 , why I was t recei v o d in th0 .North wit:· unive r sal .r..oa rinoss &.nd en t hus - "' i aem , without claimtr,g too m1~ct pers o na l prowess . Fi rs t , l wae r~ 01ay , n.nd noo.r i n pe r1c-,or,al relaticns with nonry Clay ; so tJ,&t a l l off'ico - s eekors wouJ.d natu ra.l .i. y d esi re t o be ::: ri elo .· o relnt i cns v::"i.1,h !"le . fhBn , in ili ppoe in ~ t he u.dm:i. s~~ic n of l'exas , I se t myse lf l:-'quar ely wi tr interAets of the No r th . the poli ti cal Ann la.s t , but .not least , I st o od upon tho cte111ul lav7S of ri.,e: ht ago i ns t wr ong ; wh i l s t , unl ike the .b bo l i ti.on s choo l, 1 cnr:r. ie d v,i t h me all tho ee crea memories of our fatbers , a nd all the future and pas t gl ori es of the union of ther1e St at es . f;ver;yw},.e re l wa1.: rcce i v t?d wi t h the v.'i ld e st e.1 nt1:us i a.sm 8 fro m Ohio to Boston . I s poke \TI. th i;ebs t e r , bertien o. nd otrwrs , on the fumour old Boston Cornman~ was a ,nagn :i.ficent a u.di once . lt .l:lowhere in tho 1;.iorld , outs i de of' lle,1 En g lund , an cl out f3idc of Bos ton e ven , at t hat day , c ould. i:rn many f ine h eadB a nd cul tur ed f a ce s b e s een . At St • .2e t ersburg , wb e r c the wh,)lu uri Bto cra.c y of a gr oa t empi r e i s gath c➔Y (Jd a t · s ome of the cour t b alls • ft. mor e agre e able assombl ago may be loo ked u p on; bu t h~1rd1y mo re b r ai n deve l opment even ther e . Th is v,as th e s ~con d t i me 1 had. s e en Daniel · ·webs ter . �- 1 06 - 1iebnter . \, i ti1 a massive hc~d , "s a t ;:inic 1' eyns , anci m0.di um but rugge d , ~1,nl\"1art body , n o c,1,;.ch fjgure har bo :!'ore or ::. ince i llnctrated vUr J- it' tO:rJi . J'or so I h~vo hoard intclli E;on t women d Hccri ue them . .Lot an;y ono s o e t }.e portruit of \';e br, ter , us }nt.inted by Ci:orte r liard inc , in t Le Boston Athenaeum , t.rn:l ciecid e . hen:r;y Cl riJ/ was s. r:mn of o<ruv.1 gen i.uc ,;·;j Ho doutt t r. \. cbe~r : end t he t wo \'10ro t.h o loo.di n [.; fi.g u:ren ci.irj_nr; L!.ll thcil· lj v<~s . ln whatc-vcr a.sf'c mbla& e of men , at homo er abroad , tl:.e t wo men entered , all eyes a.ckno '.'.le dt;ed tJ ,o,;.r 1-,ur,Tnmacy . t fill,~o tual c n.l t ure . hncl continuul n:,;.1.;od u ti on vti tJi thought - f ul mon . Ai~ o. ls.·-.vye r ,. wl: o.r .- c onc r nl i :m tion is tho i'i:tst quality , he \7afl Cluy ' s supc,:rjor . h i r brl:i.:in was pf.1rhnps tt.0 larg est J f G.lJ. Lis c o nt 0n.po ru.r ies ; but it wan Lroud er , and .ran full :! into t.hf, t por1t 0.ri.cr L1bc ·,:hich Dr . J·o soph Rod.e s Buc he.nan has ~,town g ives u.cti 0n to tl1D sensual and tJ o e cm,:uou.e ; whilot tt e int cllectuo.l c..n d M>ral ce nter s i t n 1 11 which .J l ay exco l lod . took six ho rses er more '.I.'he r,rea:test s ln&, lt'\ Hpe ech . 1 t0 movo it p or he wi6ht be c om- pared to a hugo 1-)comot ivc, i;r;Lich re<_uire d much ~ t eam to s et it in oo tion . The occa.sicn was the creat e " t .- tho Mo .... t h 1:1ga.in: t t he ~Ou.t h ; and g rei tcr y e t , the .North s.nd Sou th a.ga.i •n ot tho world • no of Demar; t hence- had occurred such ooc &sion since the ctoat h j n bi r:to :ry; a..nd no such spee ch had boen uttered s ince t l:c times of that e reot est of' �{ - 1 07 - men trmn with books . n o h.vf! l ens gi:rncr al izat i cn , l,ut h :l p;her ins tincts &nd keene r sympethi es . :no t roct ~.ng ulfl.r, was h i ;_}1 i.n exten t , i ntellectual fBo n.l ti cs . wide a:pu~- t . ana l:!i, :3 1ra i n , t hough v;id e in tJ:e Lin ~cn t i m~nts wer0 always f ine ; \~c, s ter w1.w l i ''o u cat - fi8h - e rase a~ d omniverous; Cl a:y like t h r:: brook- trout - f'&n t idoiw oven i -n, t ho t uki n g of' t hf; c tldo d fl /iy . So far as c}1asti t y i s c once rned,._ l t h in k t ho ol)ligo t- i. ,.int1 of :r<7l.:l.gi:::m a n d :.ao:r~lity reEJ t r~li '. e on be tr.. se xes; but ?r a c t i.c !:-!.12-y , "b~ tht-, eternal f all . I trus t 1 r'lay alwHyl'1 h ~ fo und advo cating t}:o J·.i.e;he s t mo:r:al_i t:r , a.nn thr: 11n-r0 s t ro J i bhrn . b.1Vf';V0 r ; 1 may fa ll S}l o rt of t he lines l a i d a own by myself. l , t hen , i n pl a in e_peech. 1 e }w.1J. c a t er to no pn~ent t af; te, 8n d U :e deaa nhn.1 1 b o ~, l.lh ,jee t to --- -· - n1a1 nis i ver i tatet"l • If For i ,ill.f" 1.:iti t t crit i cism . the Ji iving For f~.l s e t h H t'l"'Ti.tl: i s !:1uppre r1sed , WO ~-'f-....... ~ , . . . i : " - ' l ~-....1 lose t t at i n c rmt i-ve to tl.1:: lo ft i ei3t Dction wr. i cl :rec ts Ll:pon pos thu.mous glory , a e for 0~ 0 cm. r.y t;lic 1 :iv.i ng. Of f. ebstor ' s bo&ri ng ar1ong !,.hf:< V,\)mon , r.o 1 1mow n c tbing . 1 shal l cay n othi ne; ; leavi n e; him as I found hi.m , t o com1 1:on fame . Bu t i:n ilefons e of h . Cl !ly , with whom l a.s ~oci a.too muc h , I shnl l re pduh ite tb0 s u r mitie s of' the fri vo l oun , tho cnvioufi a n d t ho Plun de rers . * *In my l e tter of 1848 , I r e fe r r e d to the ca.us e s of h is �( - 108 duu l vn t1 Jcl:n l~andolph - c; . 1 885 . I vmi:-1 a l one t i.m0 i n th'3 na!ne city wi tb hL:; a ine d. with h i m nt ti8 own houPe , a nd thosA of Ii~ associa t ed , in Lexing t on ; ?.ras ,, it h lili m in t he g ren.t c i ty of £a1 t imo:ce ; uccomp wied him 1n h i s nc t ed to/u r througr.. t ho North- west in 1 842 , wr..n rc I wao often o.l one ·,_.i th hi;,1 • e.f'l h ell as in th o cro wd of' h:i.r::: frtondn a n d. i ntime.tes , ano_ I ne ver f: a'.•t hirn p erf0rm a i,isrcs pectful a ction , or hea r d ::'rom his li ps a sensuul ':rnrd in r~gv.rd to w0m1•:·n i11 my life ; y e t h is eympatt..y w"ith intolloctual. virtuo nP women was inieaae , t!:'-r-v! an d his ma gn1::1 t; iBm pr0emi ne nt . i,'i th horno l ;y fea t; :iaue:£-1 , r.s a ll know . h0 hnn th r: pll!.:--. t i c r~,d iaticn o:f:' cc lmtommc.e c r azy i n hi s 1,)rm,eno e ; and r;r ave men f i lJ.ed 'l"d. th -~·1·,u,nial e <_. Ual in hiP tjmes ; anc. of' ~: 11 otu· 1;u b lic rJ.on, he oce an li :fa t n the f ront., a nd th Are hn s tayod t i"ll 6e a t h .::,at:he r e d biw to hi.::, fathers . *"' ** Rofe r:rir1 e to his vir1it to \iashinrrton , ~lm rl ce Di ckent.1/ wro te :11 l 1he r e are a i:;r es.t many vo.ry r0.marko.bl e men tn t r,e l egiela tu:re ; sud. ~..1.s Jo'irn :<uincy An.urns , Ol ay , ?res ton , Ca l houn , and other s , wi t:n whom l n0 od s c &.rc el y o.dd I have been p l aced in tho fri o.n dlicGt :relati ons . .Adams i s a fin e I ol a f0l low - sevent y - cix yea r s old, b ut~ vd t h mo8 t au.rprising v i go1: , memo ry , r N dinoss , and pluc k . Cl tl~ i s pe rfectly e nchant ing , an b 1·es::ri.s tLb l e man . Ther e a r e some very nob l e spe o:i.mens , too , out o i' th o He st . 2pend:Ui me n t o l oo k a t , hr ra to dec eive , promp t to a.ct , li ons i n on er gy , Orie ht onH in vnr ied accomplishments , l ndia.rnJ in quickness of e yo end ges t ur e , .Americans i n a f f e c t i onate and ge:no r ou r> i ,r,ul tio . It woul d. be d ifficu l t to �( - 1 09 - to e.:xar;co,~t-te t ho n 0bi li t ~. of r(omn oi' t:i:efH:1 g10:- i c;u_s fe l lows . n .E'ro m 11 .lforster ' P Lj fe o.f Di ckens . " 11 Jtxec J. ti v [; . ..u.m-;i e n . ,.ach i ng ton , ;.ugu.& t 9 , 1862 . 11y dea r ~Hr : fhe crrnf.f'- box you fient , w:i ti. . a ccomi;~nyi.nt. note•, 1;;c:.c receive d yestc nlt::.j' . '.L'hi1tlkt:: for t b i c ruor.ncmto of y.}ur great :.ind pat ri o t ic f a t :ter . Th.~.n}'..f: ulso for t he ~u:18urc:~nctJ that , i £1 t .lvJ"'e dayn of do J:eU.c Lien , you r em&in t rue to h:e p :z·inciplo s . ln th~ co ne: ;rrent ~rnntiroont of y.i,tr vnnor&.r,ln t1othn:r , . 00 l onr., th(' partner of :U o 1"101::om £nd hi o hon ors , and lt:ngE=irin t; now where he was bu. t for U 1c coll t, o :re .j oin Lin, wr.1ero .r~c i:: , I recoL,njzo Lis vo ice , sr.ieaklne; 1 as it ev~r R_roke , for t he Uni on . the Cons 1:itutt (, n , ~;.n d t r:o frccclorJ oi' mankind . " -Yo,~:i: ote .i c.nt ocrvunt , -i Geo , t . ? . iio~arfl 1 ViEuount Ho~~rd of ~01 J,incultj . n ~nj Ea rl o f Carli s l e , thus me nti onr-:: ucnry Cl ~.;y in Lecture 11 1 1 rc::vc ls i n J\?r. G'r i c-l." , i n 1 641 - 2 : . 11 I toe. rd ;,i:r . 1.;luy in tl!e Sona t o" onc e , bt..t 0ve r y one t ol d mo t b .it b e V<-a s h,l orint, unrl er f eeblcr:cos nnd exho.ciuticn , so t:Lut I could J nlJ,- pcrcoi ve t he ? r~ a t cba r m i :n the tone s o~· ri ::: v·o ic e . I thi:-11>.: iU.;;; mo~~ t a t t r a c tive qual ity was st iLL more pe r c oivaulo i n 1,ri va t e inter coux·r e . a s _I c erttti nl · ne ·re i me t a n:, 1;ut l j c man , ::1.lvni:,;e excepting l!.r . Canni ng , VJ ho exercised such evident fascinf1 tion over t he mi.?:1d s end t1 f fec ti ms oi' r :i B frie nd:;1 ana fo l 10·:;ors ae Lonry (.;lay . I thoue ht h i s societ y mo::1t attractive , e os ~r , Ri •:i:r J. e , n,n ,1 pm i a l ., i,itn c reat natu:!.'al 5ierdt y . I f h is c oi;.n t r;ymen mac'le b(~ttor men .Pr esi dent s , I Ahoul d applaud the i r vh·tu.e in res·ti· ti:1;: tl, :i 2pell o f .hi::: elo qu e nce W1d att r uctions ; whon the a ctua l litft i s consi oere d . _'t!!,y r a S I)CCt for tl'io iifocer.n1;i.o.:1t cl iclteci b' uni ver sal Sui'frag o 1 doe~ nct _z t4n a ~t a very hi gh point . * *"' * * "'"' -~ ., . "'· '"-<ilence I d :;.. n m' :in!~o . t '1:e :in , t or1· or 01., Kentucky , and J)ai d a vi sit of t wo e r tl::re e da ys to iir . Clay, a t h ~n country r osidenoo , Ash l and . The ~u a l iti es whi.ch r i vet the S ena te and OHf t i vate hi s a dh er e nt s seen t o me b ot t heic;b.tened anr1 oo f tcneu by his frank , c ou1·teous , s i @pl e intercours e . lie lives Y1it h r.ie f'amil;; in & modest h ou s e , amon c; f i eld s of deep reel so il , un cl the m,w t 11.xur i ant gr ass , growing undor ve ry th1·i vi n g .:-rnd v aried tt mbor . the oak , Rye a.mor e , lo c ue:: t . ceda r , an d tha t beautiful 01·ne.ment of I.rner ican woods , the "' Uf-..>8:r maple . He li kes shm~ing eo me En t;u.ish ca ttle . Hi f. co un t ryman seem t o be in the h a.b i t of celling u1,on h i m v;j_thout a ny k ind of previ ous introt1uc ti 1n . Sl aver y , gono r el ly mild in the �- 1 10 - p~stcn~l .S t ute of .b:0:r.t ucky , wau ccrt uinJ y sean l!ere in i ts letwt repul s ive e;uise : 1v;r . 0ley 's ser vant , Charl es , was mur,1'1 devot t o h::rn~• 0n e tour into 0anac1 a , and ,·:}:en Home .,,,_'C""~~~;-.......- - . . : Abol itioni t~ , r e ,a nted him to l eave his ma ter , - 11llct .i f ycu v:cro to c i vo me r·oth of your .:. rovinces-" , v,m: tl:e repl~;r ✓ .F1·oe1 !' f:;:ioochet· , J.ecturos , J."oorns , etcl , o f the Eu rl cf Lurlis l e , ~ - G., ~~blin , 1866 . I heard ~ebst or 3t ~crton , tori, ii.on t 11.c ky . ~n~ .ile :.:i.lwny::.1 l:l})Oko wi t1: c onse , tu.t ,1ever excited o~ttucinsm . h1s t hcu~ht c were ever u to n great s.9J -0ches ; :.n a y ' s u p;m grout ovents . ol,i . Htai~ a t Le .. ing- iie1H:, te:r. ui:::oa. t•rn wonoy ·''.l'ht• earth an<l t.r. c i.'ul l1JCS fi tr e rooi' l,elon ~eo to tr_c, sej nt c ; -rt;c arr;./ sc.ints , cn(J U,(: ri'ore ~i oce ar o all I\ ours . " h ,J rn niind o ct !:lo c:f l,oruer ' s Oyclc1)s , v;ho rra:d'9 his · hee p h i::; corapr.i.hion n by nay , ancJ eu1;pf ec1 more of them ouch ni. ( r.t ! Ul)O'l e n& or l!f../ even d r cw upo n tt t.r:: l,.ft0 r d e a t h , and made h i e \,ill full o.£' b0~u0E tr: -;:hich \".i'Hrf:) i,o be levied u;:on ht::-- i'r i cnas . pllnc t i U. ou.s in mon,1yed mut Lors t o u fuult . ~'i':ton i r. generou,· ho13_pi tali ty ho ha.cl ex,::'ende<1 his c reat curnJnts as u cr i min ul advocn te and jud ici cue farr'lo r , an,l v.1e nt to the Lanko at Lexine to11 to find ou.t hifl debt, th at ho might sell 11.:::r~l und and pay i t o:ff , he wui:· t olo that r.o hti.d none; hi s unknown fr j e nds htHl • al l . w,tt.ou.t hi s k:nov1l0d.ge , c e nc e led It was not won <1 e r fu l tLen , tha t , i:n 1844 , Webster , v;r.o had s too d in the :r-_ut efu.l Tyler admini i::i t rot i on , ho\'7 evor influenced by j::atri.otism, e asily b eaten by Cl a y . Wt:ts Ho was qui te iull e n t hen in h i s e11pp or t �( ( - 111 - suppo rt of Clay . * *See l etter i n Li:i'o of ,7 . J . Crit tenden , by h1t~ daughter, M1•G . A • .i.. Co l cr!lan .. t; . Berfi'm'l:! o .I. spoke , .R .. 0 . \'dntl.ror; , mcm\l oer of ,:.11: • de fr~u t t~d f otil l ;; by tl::a t pa r t y , trea t ed hi8 sug3estions Smr,no r for•Jvc.r.· . 1 p&.s2 nim ty . ~: oi;;j.o on o has nut ont my svoe ch ( frJm t h1~ p:rr.:wer ved a.cc ou••11.t) 0n Bo st on Gomrr1-:)n ; but the one of' t he su.me ni.c ht , i n t. }1e '.I>r (rnion L l'e c1Jp10 , ts !' i..lt l i ~3h ed . '.ie'bs tor was p.r.e:.d.d. e nt Mr. 3 orrien, fior P.ltor fro!]! Goo:cgi a , was tLc fir~3t. in ord(Jr ; t ho :near ocoan 1 £ roar • .cd' ter severe.l t1ttomfl"t8 , BHid to the a u.dtcneo , 1.1H1t 1..t ,:: 1 i Et 0:::' :r.i•. hob ote r spca.ke r i~ ·wtw m&.d.e out by the comCTittoe ; e.n d . :r} ding J t uJ.ouri , sei d f•ech w;:;u:Ld. bo presen ted 1~ hit 0rd e r . :pre-oonte d , c.nc1 Bpoks . 1 WH( sec<.m d .i.n o:i· de:r ; but my spee ch , as I said , is lo~t . ot hers , b:r5.efl y , as t:tl. l . ·ho wever , spoke , as t1JO ha d a lro:,i.oy been arranged that I should have Tremo n t I'em pJ.o to mysel f tlwt n ieht ; wht lst t he others . who wor e to s p-..H.1.k a.le o the si:i.me o ven1ne, were a ll otted to Bos t or. Common eeain . When I htld. f in:i r,her'-( l took my �( - 1 12 - fny sea t ju s t behind Mr. Webster, on t hE:: same bench , or cliuirs , wi th ot he r upoakc r s ; and .~:r • .&'owler , of -1ew York , was aft er a v./hil 1J i.n trocluced . ..!:!'owl er was of e-r eat s iZe , and s t entorian voice +- a fair r e_pro aen t t;.tive of tht1 .American b ird - and a great; admir er of ilenry Clay . Webster was quite r<~st.iv€l un der .?owle r' s e uJ.o g ies of Cl ay ; a nd when t he o:r a.to:r e l e v a t e d };lirn to the firet p l&.ce of a 11 Americans, as a n o rator an n. i,, s t a tesma:n , he con 1d be si. le·n t no lon ge r ; but t u rning to tht-; f'riene.8 si tti.n g n f'ia r hi rn , sa id; "Uho put t1rn.t fellow up h er e•?:T ClE:.;y- waR more outspoke n , v,hanhe sa id , in the Senate, in Webst e:r ' s pr Asence: i n be 11:ci.l f n1 fee l ot thi s ~:.dmjnt f tra t i on . " n o new- born zeal S o it mus t be conced ed the. t the g e ni us of Clay mastered the g:r ea t uut he a vy talen ts of Webs t er, and rnnde hi :,1 the leade r of c1.l l the men of his t j_me s . Mr . Cla y was so conacienti.ous a ma:n in a ll h is public a cts , th a'.:; he t hou ght a pe r son a l di f:fer e nee of op inion wi th hi ms elf was a want of pa triotism ; a nd he was to o hasty in denounc ing f .uoh a ctj_ on . Th i s s eems to h u ve been the re ason,~~- ~- of his fre quent de feats for the : res i d ency . Wben hj s naree was before the :peopl e fo r thtit h i gh office , t hos e r(ho were i n , an d t h os e who ha.d passed ou t , of p oli t ica 1 lif'e . ro s e up in i mp regn abl e a rray a gains t him ; for rev en g e is e v er st rone;er than g r a titude . So ~ wr ong s are fo r e itn mor e readily than insults - the last compelling reveng e to re store s elf-respect. This was the vi s it to Bos t on , I thin k , during which I saw fohn Quincy 'Adams at hi s res i d ence , which . . I �( - 113 - fatter , and otr.c:r members of my fami1 y . in earl;f l i fe . E tood deservedl y a t the load as a p~ rtra it - painter . \';o . Lloyd Gurr ison . .had oxpoc ted '.,() s e e 1.iF, f>To l'css i on in .ar<Jer ion I now mat1e 'Ghc ftc quaintur1ce of ,aid to him ; l 5. or He J., 11 \Y11y Gfa:rri so n , 1 lont;- f a ce"-a.s cetio; but I seo yoii patriots &.ro joll:y , " l oek fe llot'JS - not at al l der:1a.r:ren of il!o gooa t hi n ~~- · of life . n voin ; rlP. :replied , in tho SRm e "J.\nd -tbttre:l.11 , Cl ay , you ar o wrong , o.nd Gcme\'1het c o11founcl tj.ing • The e.s uet i eJ/a.re t}Hl vr.ront - doers : shou.:U'l bt, happy . i :f :not Lhos e who ar e al.ways r ir;ht't Wh o 11 Garri ~on was a mar, of great comri on t>cnse , Hnd much wit; ancl RO, whe n s l avery fol l , ho votcn to a.r,o liah tho Aboli tio n ~oc j oty . iho :_: rerH error of the .Abolition movmucnt , ho\1over , r-it..s tr,c narro i•: v i ew of the a ut i es of the cit. jz enc-1 c f u h epublic , who :rc~ i r.. th0 ttoice oi' the ma j ority rnm;t ndo , s uLje ct to constituti ,1nal cha nge, a nd ind:'luenced by poli cy and morali ty . I think the i r dcnu.."1c i a.ti on of s la.ver:y unt'i th" con~U. tuti on dic"i roucli toward 1.he ovortbhow o f that ill - f£..t ed s;ytd,em. .But tr cir wo rk 1-:ou.1 a hevo been lllUch mor ~ eff icit,rnt, , r..ad the:, l'ltood for lre 'Jn:1 011 a..:.vid t he Cons titati on ut the s&.mo time . And thje t h ey admitte d by t he ir a ct ion in tho Civil ·; ar - abandoning the i dea of disun i 0n . After ep eniling a very agree able t ime in the �( - 114· - I fo t1eJ.t aga tns t judgr.rnnt , to :.::laveq,- , 1::n d ir. '/'t10r e. J. t:u_;pira.t;'ion fo r t he libert~ of all men , ~r . ~lay did not e vo•w n or connei ve i':i.110 , t},us :U.ber,,.ting him from a BuJ.t:lr.aor c ·,.r :ico:i 1 (for (1a 7occbnt,; th o ,J.bo1it:ion oi' ele. vory~ .n.:tt.i.n1r Tap r~n untic i pt1tc~a. b~; :-:. f e:w ,.'l.n.~.rr1 a si mD .ar act mediLated by lionry \..! .... ,., '7 - t..-,1 • Gr eel~· •n "American Co,'\Diot 11 , p . l.l6 . H. - vr0 :'er :ri .rir;:; &8 .w 1 ~~t ~ t,-1. t eJ., 0~ ?:1cr. en t:n1f, t/\ i'd i. h t.r.r➔ l eu d 0rr.;"hir> in p u.11li<; affairs to fo l . . ow ·,1hcr P- l.e coul d not lo~cl , a nd st ill mai ntai.c1 thtJ leadershi p . But , fo r tho tirD:c being , ~. r . Cl oy and w.:1self were 1.wting i n L,oor1 f a t th , :i.n t:misO'l.'h The celebrated 1nabt~:na. letter . t h en . vm.s cons i i:itent with u11 his a.voew&.l~ in the .iiti.lBit;h Jetter and hit"' former life , and the conduct 0 f ih0 cun·vt~ss . hio enemiBs us ed it . however , as a p roof of hi s du plicity; when, in f'f.,ct , i t wan ·uut th e result of his innate manlinoSl'3 and hatred of dece ption . But , as I bad been J>r essing his olec t i on on the e; r ound of h i s anti-nl itvery views so often expressed and h i s opposition to Texas on the whole , whatever :may ha ve been their main reasons �- 115 .. t J.etto:r , occoP1r, eri:i.ed wtt}~ t1in Ht:loj t h le -twr , way to Lh~ i:;J.o.. ve - p owe r; whim, i n .f8e't , no !!lan i:n Arr.o rion was , up on hi r h polittcal :r,ri~ci p loo , more at h eurt o_ppoP.ed to t te an.'1exation . But f-hA clamo r of un untMnkine; co.nvass -placed me inn ftilse p orit ion . So I \"l'.'o lo to .l.11r. Ul ay , sayin.r~ t:bf.lt .I bas e d my are umects u·pon h\e: of't - rop eatod i d.ear, or! the Fubject of slsve".!.·y ; bu t , if t hP. :! nte r r>r ctat i c:1n :,ut u -pon hris vio-v.-s i n tl:e r,t:llci.gh and Al e.b erna l e tte rs wer~ t h e tr1H: one s , I t·::h ou·: d. t~t 1) neo retu:rn to Xe·ntu.cky, an (1 be eihint . Of coL1rse , a;-1 l l1uve ~b~iy-e e Y:plai ned :tr . Clay ' s soi1t~inE'!nts i?.S I unclerutood t hem , he wrcte m0 to !'; O •) n wj_ tr. th ,"l c i inv a ss -& rnai.ntaini ng own sens e of ncti0n. T:hiR t!I~• lot t er,* I reeetv0. d y0 ·Ll::r f b vo 1· of t ne lOti. in Pi un t , i n \ h:ieh y0u ;;,t:..nc, L°tiHt 1 .H, will be in .Bos tc,n on the l~➔ th , ':,hero it is i aqo ssi h l e tr i s 1.e t te:r. c u. n re&.c h you; and l t. l.1S:rcfo:rv t:Cild i t t.o t-iw hon . ,Jil.Li t, Groene , to be for - ily a. ear Sir: - warded to y . u . I &.rr: per.!:eotlJ' J1<• r:1uan e c'i of you1· fricrndl y :in t enti<l ns , ancl fe e l g r ritel'uJ. for tr.om . But ;'/O ll. •) t-W1 h,~ve no conoe pti crn , unl£•b!:, ynu h hd l:,eo n here, o f tr.e inju1 y wld c}1 youi· le t ter to t he 1'!UEU1"'E we.s doi nc: ; a nc. thf,1 1, w ~, :nothi n g i n c ,,rnr,nri so n to tbut ViI!iCh it WHS l j ke l y t o infl ict u1,,on the V/hig c e:u."3e in th S t1,d, es.of ':'or..nos::.~oe • l,:J rth Curolim , an J Georg ia . Uu :c fr i end . J ohn Sp0ecl Brni th , UH wel l a s o thers , th oue;ht it oven e ndane-ered t lio Stute of Kentucky . l1i'iit effec t 1·ef1Ul ~,ea from yo l.:r undertaking t. o 1.1p 0ut of my private f eelin £s and thoo o of my near ana pnr t icular friends , and you:r :2tut e 1:1c·ni. t hat. you ha d been t en ye s.re o:perat-tng i n t ho Aboli tion cause . L'nde r tr..cce circumatnnces , ther o \":OS an abf.oltl've ne•cess ity . .for tl:e note 1r,b:icr.. I _;rn.bl i s:hed , alt.bou gh I r e~et ted &t 1 extremely . l endoav-crcd so to s hap e 1 t a s n ot to ,·:ound y ~u:r f ool i ng s , ttn d I hop o I d i d no t . Ha.cl you. be on her e , you r10ulc1 have c oncurred with mys e l f un a other friondo i n t;r.i n ki n e i t in.di~•PCl nsab le . You mus t be well &ware of t h o very great del i c a c y of r,ro· �( - 116 r:.y iJOG i t : on . t ho .:~or t r. , J. &r:i :t ep:n rnont.r1d u,s w i v:;.. t 1·u rniy;. o:rte r o f th. : rw t i ~ut j_o n of s l av0:r:.1 , wt i.l s t; ft.1, t h , Sout 1': I 3.1':i ~eac r i b o d aa an Abolit icni t t ; ~~e n l nm noi~ h cr the ono 1'.lcir t h·· ot J~nr:l . . .~c we h v v e th o sn'.'.l o s irm:~~no . snct nrc, , moreove r , r e1atoo , ~roat m:10 i s ma de at t he S outh a {.:ninf:' t r,;c l1 f ,·,.1:at Gver fel l '.: f'ro 1n j~~)n . :i:he:re . ~yo u are even r 13pro s nted. ~1s bcd.ng my ~, on. ; h onu e t h o noces s i t; y of the f;rcw t os t ei re u r.:B p BC t i :m , a 11 cl. ne ·pe c i a 11;:/ t h c.t ~10 u. shou lci 6.vo ili e orruni t t i n t.,; me ~ Yon ~~r o w:::.t(~hed wJ-:cr c v 0r y;; ~ r.::c ; t-:i. nd CYCl' ':,' ,rn :rd y ou pliul :i c ly ex1: :re~f wj_l l oc t ortu,:red. r...rHt po :rver t ed as r:1;y- ovm are .. I_ .t1.. ftor all , l uri a ~ -~d d. th:-: t you. t:. r e too GE> ngu.::ine i n e ttrpoti nr; t hF. t ::ny c~nH -'i d e -r[tl le munbo:r of t} ,-=: Li bor t y r.ie n c an t e inc1uced 1:0 ~uppor t mo . t:.ow cun t hat be e xrec t c d a ft er t ho3? ho\ 0 v.o teii age. 1. nr:r t U:r . :~J.e. a e? id t :·1 af-: u u ru.nc e ~ o f m:;, t l wnkfu.ln f, UB i'o:r ~ u ur i'Ti e ndl ;y r vqo, nr; , s nd wit}? my l,ont. :re s pe cts f o r :Mrr~. Cl r, y , I 1.:w.1 t., r11.ly ai1cl 1:a i tl.lfu l J.. ~ . yo1.1.r fri ent~, 11.t 1 0 L . C.LAY. Gr e le y , ac I we.s i n t Lo in l-0:r.·fo t,- t h o Stat e , w1..rn i n ta r c e r t e d on the ·wr,.~" , r.. nd p,,blj uhnd ; a:..YJ o ; t hough . i.n r e r f ect har mony wi t h wa e:: cltti med yet □ore t h<➔ in1..0c;rit:y of ,Jr . Clay ' s whole l ife , a s pro ::; £' h i!, h 1f id elity to ·pd ncipl e . wes b oaten by 5 , 106 vo t 0e , J ba . G. Birn~y co t t i ns 15. ooo~ mo r:; t hcm est ma n , next t o ."dnc: uln , t h a t e ver r e.n :forTexa0 wuf: anni)xed wi t h s la.vo:ry , :md the fo r e - To r et ur n to g r . ~ebAte r . Tb.e l a r e;es t m0e t in.g I e ve r i.~ s.w - except it-hat wh en Ca:pt . Ji'oY.: \';as . wit h t he offi c ers of t ho Ame r fo un 11.a:vy , en tnr t u i nec'l by i:r in ce J)o l gorou'.k i , Vice roy at Moscow - wa£:{ a t hoeh e Bt er , .New Yor k . · I me t �( ( - 117 Mr . \,obBter at tho Astor House , i n Now Yor~. h i qi..arters . us uu.l he ha d been invtte<'l. t o Bpco.k t h e ro , and l haa jus t come from tt. e :interior , to t &ke p2:.r..sage to tluit grei~t as s em'blage , wh e re it had b een announc e a that both of us would speak . 1 asked :Mr . \'v ehster if ho was going? b.e s aid : nNo , l s e e you are goi ng ; and they had r a t her hear you t han me . 0 l mention this , as v,e l l as tho k in d ex - presat ons of J . Q • .tidams , tho uch no man 1 vigng has ever defo J re a l ess to great men . \, e bs ter . This wee t ho last I s aw of I re turned to .i:Jexi ngton wi th the speakers who h t.a g one Jess t and Nort h t o join i n t h e c a nva ss. The mode of trave l t hen was f rom Bal t i more , by s t age over mounte.:i n s , to Wheeling ; wher e a. boa.t,at times , could be found; and , i f not , fol.l owing tne s t ageway thr ough Ohi o was t he common route by kla.Jsvi l l e to 1ex in Bt on . We h sd not heard· tho finru. result , o f t he ele ction oi' .col k ; but we had gloomy 1,resenti mento . AB we rea ched i h e foot of th o moun ta in, t here i.vas a newly - e rec t ed lli c kor y - pole , vii th l eaves s till green on tho top. From a. limb was subpended a skinned coon; and then we kne w the Wh igs ni d cnamed trCoons '' , were lostf ! 11r. Clay took hie d efefat with ill grace , f.1 na s howea more t t un usual impatience . .Natural ly amb i tious , he s eemod t o reali ze t hat de Etjny wat. ag&i nst h i s ol ovat i on to th e pres idency , when s o j_n ferior a man f1S Jas. K• .Polk w~s h i s opponen t; an d ~hon tho constitution . vi o lated in t t e an:::exation of Texas , a.no the sure r esult a war . wer e on h i s ~i a e • .But h o ,h ud many li.fe - f'oll owers , &nd nat ural ly h e was de s irous of rel!arding the ir lon[ de votton . At a d i nne r �( - 118 dinner , ut .1.Joxing to11 , Ky ., at Dr . Be;oj amin ~~ . J)utUey ' s , at wLich Ex - Gov er no r J am(H~ T . . ., or ohead , t hen a Senator of t he Unl t e(l State B, a nd other note d me n , were :pr e sent , Mr . Cl ay s hoVJecl t hat 1.1nha pp~1 a r ro eanc e whicl was fntal to hitl politioaJ. per s onal Rtw cess . He first s et u i ,m ppor More - hoa.d , who had voted against Clay ' s view on some passing q ues t ion , in tho Ht y l e of a super ior l ecturine a d ol i n - quen t . :.forehead a1Jol ogirrnd b~ :m ying , h e but r eprese nt e d t he people of his St a t e , which he wa~ bouna to do ; bu t that ilr . Cl e.y, bei ng u na.t:iorw.l man , wae no doub t u llov1ed a l a r geT l jhert y . Of cour }Je , i.11-r . Clay could say h o more ; bu t hie wr ath wa.EJ s till unapposecl . lie turne d U l •O n tho Abol iti. cn i :; tc , an d especia l l y t l4ose of •1ew York, and was very s evere in r. is dcnunciaUon of t hem . l could but f eel tha t pa.rt of bis censur e was a g-ains t mysel f . I had already been 'ba dgered b ~ th e press , and den ounced by my er1emios a t home; and , fee line indignant at his lec ture of :tio:rahead , was • notAa humo r to s ubmit qu ie t l y e ven to the po tulance o f N',¥ Henry Cl f!Y• So I said , very gravely : '':Mr . Cl ay , wl,a t ever erroro of juc1gm~mt , or of patri otism , may jus tly b e irb:pu t ed to t he Abol i tionh1ts , I t 't,ink you are tho ltu, t man who ough t to co · :plain ; f ci r , i f I remember a r i gh t , you said tbat l:i.bclittonist8 should be eet a:po.rt f r om, and denounced by a l l partie s ; s o they but pl a yed the r ole you marked out f or themu . he ? Wr . Gluy f.rnswered not a wor,l; how could Al l t he dinner- party , composed of fo l lowers and admjrers , we re 1-mr pri.sed. and s1'.ocked ; f or non e of them , except �-J ~ ~~ - ~- ( ( ~ 7~ tJ ~, ~ - 119 - .1· -~,_!exc ept Moro ho ad , lwd any B.:,1 mpu.thy with my vi ows ; and Dud ley was one of the Commi ttee of Thrc 1• who afterward received ff1i ~ ~ {l i ~ { Eme l· h itt c ·c denunciati on tJJrom me . when 1.he TRUJ·: .A1IB ICA!! Ho r n begun the cool ness bo t we on !dr . Cl ay wa e s et upon , and mysel f which resulted in alienation , f or ~while , on *I my part . - ?o r , as I loved and u dmir ed .llir . Cl ay above all his contemporarios , so , ,,hen I f alt that he trea ted me \~:i th o want of magna.nirni ty + not to say in just ice i,- I r esi sted h i m i n all his us r:i rations v-ii t t equal h1tonsi ty . But . ~hen I was v1ctor , my oarlier nonti ~ents rovi ved ; and I c ould but fe el s ome c Jntrition that I had a ided i n t he overthrow of so gr eat a ~1t t:.t esman ana patr i ot . .:md l t hi nk my v1hol o lifo ( hows that , whils t e ve r rea.dy to _ re sil t wr ong . I am e qu a l l y '>';ilLinb to forg ive a f a l l en fo e; for l l::.uve e vor he l d that tho ne xt gr e at ho nor t o ne ver h c1 vin g co mmitted a wr ong , i s to frfi,nkly acknowleu ge i t without re serve .*~ *6"'f t he sons of Henry Clay . J ames B. Cl ay • l awyer . WMP appoi nted CJ113r ge d ' Af:fairos at Id sbon , .fortugal ; ho decli ned t ho '~~ \ ~ isc i on to Be rl in , te nder ,·d by Eres1dent Bucht::mun , i n 1856 , a.no war Alocted t o Congress . f rom the ·r // \ I Ashl and Distr ic t , i n 1857 , a ft er a spi rited c onte st wit h Gener a l Roger L.anson . ln 1851 , :be was a member of the Washington Eea. oe Conv en t i or1 . ,St e r continued i l l hea l th l l I \ f durinfS th o war , ho aied i n Canad!:i. in 1 8 64 . a st rone s;ympath1zer with the Re b Al l i on . Thomas H. Cl ay , l a \"1ye r , ur; ~FR a member oi' t he Leg i slt.. tur o , s trone l y opp oc e l'1 e very effort to take i<:ontuc ky out of ti ·e U4 e.R - Union . rr 't i dent i,incoln ur,pointod him �( - 120 him i,iin:i s t er to .lh cartit.;ua. , ,;-; Lenoe he l:.ondu1a.s . WtiS t :n..tniferred to Ro turnin g to .Lexintston, on account of ill heal t h , he di ed in 1871 . Henry Ol ay . Jr . a Vlest .foint gr adua te and remarkably ha:nds ome man, had re i:d gned f ro m the a r my , and v1as pr LJ. ct ic jng law i n Louisvi l le whe n :te enlisted in t h e Me x ic an Viar , becomi ng Li eutenan t - Col one l of the 2nd Ky . Rogt . Pr..o fo l lowing account of bte death e. t the Battle o f Be.una Vi s ta , on Felir UJ).r;y 22 , 1 84 7 , vme nar r a ted by .Mr • .A . Wi lliamson a t a re ~uni on of the ',1 .exican i7ar Vet erans , on Febry. 24 , l t38 2 , ; ******** Col. Ch-i) r wa.s mortal ly woun ded. in the l a s t cb9.r ge ,just bnfor o sundown . Our I egi ment , the Second. .Kentuck y infant r y , wa.r: on the 0xt r emi:; rigl: t , al>out half a mile to tte cast cf 1/~gos tura .fass . Wo advm1cocl nearly o.. mile U t) On *****>i< t he .9lat oau, whore , after a fight of tP.ree - r1uarter s of a n hour , we r e pulsed th~ 1J;;i.~]1t c e n~e,;r of the one my v/h i.c1hl" was su.p;"orted. by C"G~ttlltb1~~f~ ..1,rlt!J <t,tu.lf(14~ · .'f.A'tt,.,N~ · the ba t t <fry of ~ Irishmen , O ' Reil lA' _d ;,.,e e d fro m a. Unj_te d States re,5ul a :r bat t ery wh en t t _was near Tampic o , e n d t r~o·-· e under b.ir:1 v:er e a L ~o d e s erte:rs . Tho:7 wero a ll hun g except O' .Heil l tY, b:~ or der of Gen . &cott . i:. ft er thei r cnptmre at \ Chep1.-<l t,-:ipo c. '£'.- 0 ' Reil\? was b r &.n d e a o.n t h o cLe ek w:i t h tho l etter "D" ti.nd turne d loos e . O' He illey ' e b a t :.or y made s a cl havo c in t he r a nks of . our regimrnt . After t h n repulse t he f iri ng ~as onl y desu 1 tor;y f'or a.whi l e . Col. McKe e , Lie ut .. Col . Henry ~T Cl ay, Col . !ilay , of U: e United S t :::i. t es d.:r ae;oons , a nd IJo l. Hardin , of IlltnoiA , h(J l d u c}~or t c ouncil o.i' Viti.r and de t ermined �( - 1 21 - I I de t ermined t o tt.tk e O' Reil l ey ' s ba t t er~ . mcnced . The ch ar gc com- ~te ad van ced about a. mi l e , gettine close t o i t , Y1he11 sn i mmense n umber of ,;:e x ic a ns a r ose , as .i f from out of the gr ound , a nd po ure d a r anks . ;·1e a l l l aid dovim . \'Ji t h erj n g mus ke t fire i n t o ou r '..the ::;,e: ican lino ad van c e d at a r ai,id cl:u:rg c , fi ri ng as they c ame . ~·. e we ro or dered to retreat , bAm.ng u nabl e to wi t l m tnnd s uch a host . As soon as v;e aros e Col . Hardi n f ell, morta lly wounded; t;1l S o Col. 4cKe e , ne a r tb o head of the r a vin e . Here Col . Cla.si a l s o rece ived his fir0t 'Nouna , from a eto t tha t ohat tore d Co L . CJ.a~ was p ick ed up by s everal me n of his hi s shi n . re e i rnon t , amon g them Cap t. Cutt e r of t l: o Ken ton Ran 10ers , author of 11 Steam ." 11he y bore h i m abo u t t:t. .ree - 4uar t0rs of a mile , E .?l u r i bus Unum" and the lyri.o " The t3ong of when he wa1;: wounde d morttilly ty an esc o:pe te ball t hr ough tt. e hips . he hud heen c arry ing his hol s ter pi s tolR in hie h 8.nd . tV:hen he rec ei ved the las t wo und , and foun d h i f, er asp r e l ux i ng , he s~i d t o Cr. pt . Cutter~ "If you s urvive the 41:n a cti on , prosont thei:;e to my f ather , f or my son/\ ~- to l d · he u s to l eav e r.:i.rn and sav(i our e e lves , the one my bei n g close upon us . -.•, o l a id h i m doVYn u pon th0 ground , a n d left h i m, abollt oe venty-fiv 0 yar d s from the r a vine leadine; in t o Anc ostura . i'he 1.1.;oxi c1:rno l ance d htm a n<J stripp ed h t m of M.o un iform . ****** The bo'1iu:f:ter we la.id t he dyi n cr mon d own , n ,ma ined u pon tro f 'ie l d an 11 v,as c a p tured by the 1.ic:xicans . li f t er the retrea t of the Mexic ans we recover e d t lo body , and al so ,, �( ( - 122 / a lso thc:Lt of Capt . Willi~3 , of our rot;iment , which had. been alr,;oot cut to pi ece.s v.-ith l ..m ces . he f e l l in t ho r ~vine , but r,ic S\';o r d i .s h ere to - day ." His on ly Fions , to w r ot-i Col . Clay left hi,:, p ist,ols , ( Ilenry and Thor.w.s J uli en , ) d.ied o f ty1,hoi.d fe ver early in t he Civil 'riar , servi11e , r e [.:i_p eo tivoly , a s sol di ers i n tl~G Uni on ti.nd Con.federate armies . Col. Clay ' n :rcmn im • \",i U: tho:;, e o:r: oth or .Kon- tncki a ns k ill e d in t he £.Je \ i onn War , were re-interred in the St&. to come ter y at Fr&nkforJ. , v.•·L ~o a. h~n.c1tQm? mp~wneni..... was Q~ '- ~~l<iv ,-d. .1;:. {)<:w.1 ilt, i:.. ,n~t.r. ,. erec t ed by the l-1t 1Jte . <ft was' for t'LF.i.1; '6c c ns i on that 1,;-. T1.ieodore O' Hara ( in nThc Bivoua.c of tr..e Dead") penne d tl:o line s i mr:10 rta l i,!.tt " he ara 'r oun<l t ho worl d n: "On Fa.me 1 s etrn ·nal camping gr o un <i , "Tl oir s ilont t o nts are spr ead. 11 And Gl o r y g u a r ds , v-✓ :i th e o l cnm round , " The bi vottac of tl: o ae&d . 11 Th ese lines are 1.'ouna. i n c0 mo teriec t hroughou t Un ite d St nios . ana in Ruro:pe . B. . CH.b..Pl'EH VI . / fho dafe&t of Clay , now for the third time first i n 1824 , t hen i n 1 820 , and now in 1844 - seemed f a t al t o h is fut ur e hopoc-; of ever J'€H::.c 'h i ng the pret: iden cy . Bu t hi e r:upport e rs . many of thom , as eve:r has a nd ever will be , oainp- f oJ.lowere for plunder, v:ere more 01:1.st down t,han Cl ay h i ms elf . The Whigs hnc'l s tood by t he North on tho t ariff and �( ( - 1 23 - ancl othe.r is s ues , r..;oet l ;y lontnc: t he Sou t h in conseque nce . !Jow, th e No rth deser ted t:hcm on one of hor own i ssues , by r.er di vis:m.ons , l e t t ine Sl av e - Texe.s come in bs a vote s impl ;y of Co!lg:re 1;s , wit hout t h e c onsti tutional treaty powe r a c quj_ r ing new t or r i tcr y, and t eki ng i.n e von nn organized St t;i,to, . Bo the v'lhi e;s were so re unto death, an d r,orne body muLt b o mcd e e scape - goat . I was tho mos t ugro oabl e t1acr ifice t o them , for obvi ouc r easo n s ; ant'l so they s et u.pon me with r enowe d virul r:m ce . l was the c ause of fall the t r ouble ; ana , if i t had no t been f or me, ther e would. havo ueen none of tr,o f: la.ve r y mucrdlo , a nd t r:e;y· mi. ght have been oa tins tr ee.n ur y c h eese, l ike oth er ol cl :ra t s , withou t h'lnd erunc e . no ur g i ng on , :for I ht\d s e er. a v ital it I nee ded in t h e popular h ea rt in my Nort he rn tour Wl':. i ch fo resh o rrod the downfall of tho s l ave - :powar. I t was only o. qu cotj_on of time . i:.f t er using the ol d polt t icn.l j ourn f!.J.e t ill t h oir c olumns were clo sed tlga inst me , 1 ~:etcrmine d to stfi rt a. press of my own. in the cause of lilerati on . * r I *The f ir st eman.c ipation 1)aper Jiub lishea in the Un i tea St a t e s . See pr efa.ce by lL.1 r r.ce Grt:1 P,ley , vol . 2 . IL My ob ject was tour- e a. St ate and f Nati ona l Constituti0.na l. r i ght ➔ the Fr e e c'l.om of the i:ress - to chs.n 0 e our Ha.t,i .:mul a.na 8 t ate laws , s o as , by a leBnl ma.jorit y , to abo l i sh s l ave r y . Thero was dan ge r , of co urs e . of mo b- violence , ae :Bi rney a nd Gr 0 e11e ant.l lf.arnhall an d other ci had been s i lenced ; and I determj n ed t o defend my r i t;h t s by forc e , dif need be . My for tune , s ome wha t ah t,:t t er e d by politi cal lj_fe , was �( ( - 1 24 WtiS yet not t r e a tly i m:£:6 ired . l kl1ew Y(~ r y a paper wo uld b n a los i ng bu ~,lness , rmt mak e t b0 sncrifice . well thut s uch l w&s wil ling to I engage d '.L' . B. !5t 6 venso n , edit o r of t he F r a nki'o rt , Ky ., C0.,:,~li8N1'1hALTE. , to edit t hr~ paper , which was calle d i'flE :l.11:s:UE A:l};I U:CA.N , a llowing hi m one thou::.H'..n d doll~r s a year . When he heard of my deHi sn , · he volunteered t o j o in me in th o rnov emont , sa.yint:, h o fe l t t1wt God had in.tonded h i m for t he s orvice . lie was a l,iethod i s t, an.d t he founder of that soot , J chn Wosle ;~· . had been ve rJ bitt er i n h i t denunc i ation of tr e '' p ec uli a r i nst 1 t uti on , 11 But , wh en mob - violence bad th r e a t ened the l !Lve e of ul l engaged , ~ten t/ens on ' s c our age failed him ; and he never app eared on th e s cene of a ction . was n ot a l l . Poor huma,ni t y ! liis cowardi ce De gr ad e d i n tic own self- es t;e em , an ,j lor;ered i n my respe ct , of o oln·E o , ho tur ned out to be one o f my bi tter0st enemie s , an d denouncArs . Uthcr men . who afte Tward a t taine d high rank i n .i{ont uck;y , tu r nea pa.le and. des erted me , but sa.i.d n othi ng uga i ns t mo . The p:ro e ent gnn cr at ion can knov. n othing c f' th e t erro r \7h ic h th e s l a vc ... po v;o r 1nsp1.red; but i t rnay be f aintl y concei •rncl \'?h en n p ro fos&ed mi niste:r of tl:e Christi an r e l i gion i n f out h C1;f ro lina eui d tha t :l.t we r e ·bet ter for him, r ather t.ha n f1en onnce s l ,-;.v e r y , "to mur de r r.is own mo tl'ie r , a.n a l OfJe .his soul in hell ! 11 "' *ii.s a result o f ul t.P1ery ut i t at i..m , even in a .rul- sl-a;. ie>=te, non - Al a vor.olding :St a t c s , tJI f Bcnj . Lunc1 y was os t r nci r.erl , t h r eat e ned und beat en ; Abby Kel l y Foster ana Lacey Stone were rot t ~nc gged i n Nor thern Ohio in 1 040, hilt1 'iErnd ell Ph:i. l l i ps ac cor d ea t he s o.me t:r.e at mon t in Cine i nna.ti in 1849; 'M.i6;tj tif O!te~ ·t,~Ytl tri'.IK-{<, 0~lt8'.tG01t'fft Wi l l i am .1.1l oyd Garrison wa s fined , impr i soned , 1.l.1ri'.~$'fll.ttl and dr tq:;ge d t hro u gh tho stro ets of :Bos t.on Yli th a rope a:r0lm c1 hi.E, body ; t he of'ftc o of J ohn G. Whi ttier ' s "Freeman" , Philad el.pl", i a. , wa s Cl U n lr.oil I �( - 1 2" - l~" i iV sac1:ed and burne d ; JariuB ~~~wae tarr ed and f0f.Jt herod, i n ;via.b.oning County , m i.io ; t h'l r r es ~~ of J ames G . Jd:rnny ' s " J?bj h,nthr opi~ t " , Cincinnt,.t i .• v,a.r,; r ei:;.oate dl;;.- clcstroyed ; and El ijah l:1 • Lovej oy,oft en acsattlted and p lunc:ored, wai. : firialll l €'d b r, e, i de hi::, .;7 r 0no , M Al t.on, Ill ino i s • ". ll" ~..1 .,.. ,,, ..,..u-< ..(._ •1\.0' "'- - c d, t i . ~ , :\iy pron pec t:,i: ,vt:..s moaara.tc en J ugb - pile ffed~HHi't~B= -- .:i.J 0 :u"'-W.-.., propor:1i ni, none bn t co 1:~:t i tut :i .:::,u;. uc t t.odr: j n th•-' ove:rt.br ow ol' r,lHver y ; >bn t ¥.1r Jm the f 'i :rr-t r,umbe. I· ay.p eured , on t-ho ~.d day of~ J u ne , 1G4-5 , the ,var waB r a.gine t~pace a lon g a ll the liner.; . I -~H~ l o.cted for my office a bri ck 1rnildi ng , ancl 1 i..nod L11(➔ 0ut s i 1le do ore ,;; i t:~- criee t-i ron , t o vr ovcnt l purch,~r:ed two braes . f'ou.r - pound.er. oennon at Cine :i.n.nu.ti , ,a:.nct pl1.. cod tl:om , lxidcd w i ti. fJ~ot.and . r:t-;i.lo , 011 t. tr,blo b ro v..s t - 1.igh ; lmd folo.i.n.g iloo~rs sec1..r ed ,vit l:: n choj_n , which .c onld open t,r,on -:r.o mob., and .give p l ay to m!1 cann on . .I furni:::.hc"'cl r.r:J o,fi.' 5 ce v::i. th :.Ie\.ican l &no es , a nd a li mi te d number ,f c:;unc . :ther e 1, ere r:d:·K o:r eii;ht pc n::on~ vfro . otood reaa~~ to cl ofon?i me . theJ vrere to N'iC ape by had p lace a a. k0t; l f doi'oate d , I -ra ,:-; -do or'$To f f.iO\q ler , i;,11. n ti U:(1 ro of; t:rnd I rr.a tcri. , v:t.icr. I c ould s e t off , ~nd blow up tho Dffic e end sll my invnd ere; a nd tr:'iB I ohou ld mor. 1· cer t Binl y i,uvo do ne . in c ti.s e of tr.e Tho nc ma8 of m~ colloaguos I hNvc never given , I ho c le ft; i t to thoms elv1: r: to m~?.:e , or n ot , tbi:) r e velat:i. on . ~m . L. 1oul now a vows himself one . Ona . h c.:viu ver , who i s now dca.d , I may rnenti. ·. m wi t h honor . T. 1,e wi:nek i. Fr e nc h 311\l Englif::lh , and t n cni;ineer . .de was ~hen l was Col onel of the ii'uye t t e Unifo:tnHJ<1 Let::ion , he ac t ed t::i.s my a d jutant , and �( \ ( - 1 26 unrJ formed qr..ite an attucl:me11t for me . K,,n tuck:: woman ; t1.n11 v:ar 110 mn:rriod n fnitl-·±'ul e.nci e f fic i ent tirchi tect U-10 wl~o bu ~l t the edd i ticn to my re side nce , dur i11t· i n :.un:J i a . abnenc e :!lj' :i'ill i am n.nd 11a.c k Xi nca.i d , promi n.cnt ci ti.?.ons , ,,,or t) ~ l so friends of Uc c ause . 'l:he tru t l- is , t}:0 ,~ob l':ur v•or::;e s c 1:;.r00. thin I . The Cornm j_ttee of Si x t y . l 1:d'ter wa:rd fot.1.:10 out , was c omy;osed l ai t;ely o i' my fr i en d~ , v:ho wer e r: i l li n t , t·o ~~e:rv r-. in orde r to ccn1, r ol the norc v iol en t . wr.orr1 T. F . :~:arsr.. e.11 hacl i n fl ~rncd by l~i. spee ches nr.d writings . ono 1; ie e; r; Thero 'l/'16.0 but of cannon i -r: Le>, in0 ton , a bras~ e i e;ht - pounder , wl icl'! hi~d been used l>J· Lh c a r t i U J: ry com '.':1ny in my "Fnye tte Legi on . " Thoucn the Captain , • . P. . l3r c\df or d , wo.s n0t fri endly to r:ie . l"lj f riends believ ed tl.t.t tl.e cor1pan y was ; arnl t,Lc.t , in care of eoni'l i c t , .brac: for d woulrt have boon :cejr· c ted , l:l.nc1 t,hr-: <:e.nn -n utcd 1.n my oofc.n co , jn• t ead of bat terinb <1ovm thc, doo:rs oi' tr.e Tt:UE A,tEP.l C.f.l'T offico . Thh, I kn ov, , at least , tr.at on MY rotur n f rom .a.eYi.co , .Br adfor d at f ir ut rC1.£.usc d to f i re t}: e cannon in my l.:mcr , whon, tl: o C;u11;iany Yll:H, 1-'"lnt 011 doint; oo a t a l l he f ol l owed t he publ ic loa.c1 in rriy fuvor . ovcnts , and Jame s B . Gl ay , the so11 o f henry Clay , who !J.Ctet1 us 0eerott1.ry of tr.e Com- mi tte e of ~ixty . and VJhcm I r.ned in t ho co urts on my r e t urn from ;,Jexic o , and against '.'ihcm 1 ~ot a v er d ic:t of dwnages f or t went y - five Luncl r ed do ll ure , bec ame ultj mutel y my warm frio n d . On hi!: return from .l:-'orttie;a.1 1 h e p r eErnn teo me wit h a pai r of Spani sh hoge , whi ch t.e imported . euc h a.re t he chang es I �.., ( ( - 127 chimgos 1n fortune and poli ttos • .As the, TlitJF: Amrnit?AN con t e ;.~1· h.~ ful l ~· n et fort h in my pub lir.llod "Life a nd 1t'1ri ti nr,s." and also in hen r y VJilson ' s 0 Slavo Po-vmr , " , l need on ly say here thb,t defea:ted in a l l t heir onds . the mob was u tterly I was not killed ; ano the A;jIBf. I G.tili, J;ublio hca in Cinc1nnoti , and euit eo by rne at Lex in gt on , :i ncr et..sed in- ci Hiu.1ati ,J11 in l en t u eky a n,1 t he Union gonorul l. y , till I went to t he Mex i c a n War . ( :.::r . cle.y ~s account of _lho a t tempted suppressj_on of " The True A'tt ff ,¥1i"it1, ,~;'l,~¢",~ .: 4' t ,I' Ame rican" is 'Jl.rzrr- r ln - roduc ed . A~ the L,ree l ey . volu::,e of 1848 , ,u...-~ ,.,."'t.~.,'1,,.,, because autobio g raphical. It was call Ad " Our Appea l 11 , and appee.red in hi s paper when publishe d i n Cincinnati , Ohio . 'l'he fact t hat he was i l l , a nd did n o t 1vri te t he editori a l tha t was the a lleged cause of' t he mob , lenc. s interest a l so to th e pros - p e ctus , and t o a aigned statement at the head of the edito r i a l comumns . Other w-ri tint:;s from " The True l'i.r:ieri can" apnea r in vo l ume t-r::o . Editor. ) �.fa.fter t he mob o f t h o 18th of .Aug ui.:. t , 1 845 , a n c1 rh ils t n til .!. e d iting t he Tl\UE A;dEIUCAN , then p r:lnte d at 'I, Ginc inn o.ti , one d~y , s itting i n the off:i.ce of my brother- in - law, ;1ad ison C. Johnson , John U. Wa ri ne; enter ed . This mun , a l awyer of Vers a i lles • V foodfcra County , ~<ent.ucky , was ono of t ho e, rea tes t c1 esp erh does in thP t: t;a t e . rie lu.td k i l l od severa l kl.en; an d wa n t be ter ro r of every one . I h b<l often he nr d of tim , but had never u een h im b o fo r e . When he wa s introduced to n o , he s a id: --~ l s ame rd l e on the t: l a vo r y 11 Thi s is C1:tsi:': Clay , ·.tie st i on a~ y0 u a rc now doing . I too k a halter H.nd Lhowe d hir;, a limo of a t r ee ; und told hi m. if ho did not g ive it UJ) , wo vrnuld. hur.10 h i m to it , and he gave it up . l{ow you will meet wi th the s ame fate . n Th is man , who went a :i.way1:, arrred . with p i :.., tols an a knive s i n boots , po ckc• ts , gn d 0.ls ewhere 1 wa s of a sma l l bu t wi r y frume . wit h da r k &t-i:i hair a nd s k in , and ~eeeyes blo ck , ~,u:;:tt ¥eT f i e r,y 1 Nn d . u:r ti ve . l, to o , was we ll arme d , a nd gr ce:.tly h i s 8ll !,'E' l" i or i n r,e r lrnnal r t Ton g t h . So , though I felt very much excited , I kept a c ool nerve , and &.d.v a nci n e; on h j_m til l heed be , I s a id: ri g ht . I c oul d r eac h h i m wi i.. h my kni f e . if ''Mr . Waring , I exercise a c om 3tituti c na.l I shall n o t follow i'llnrahall ' s examp le ; an Q.. , whenever y ou,or your f :ri ends , attemI)t t o u se f orce , y ou wi l l fin d me ro a ay to defend myoolf1' . Fi ndi ne that I wao n ot to be i n ti mi dated , he as ked s ome ~u cstion o f J ohns on , a nd left Lhe office? I n e ver saw hhn tigain . S oon a.f ter , a t Ver na.illes , a s he app:roached the �.. 206 - tho hotel , some unknown P" r Ron - t Le e on , i t it-. sidd , of tho k eeper - from t he upper nto r y , shot him vri th ,1 heavy rifle - ba ll ; whi ch , s triking h i m in the mou th , and r unging doVlnward , pr oduced a fatal v.ound. ~oeine it al l TIBS ovel' ~· i t h him , he c a lled for p en , ink , a n cl pa.pe1· ; ancl r Ei tting up on tho pa.vnmcnt , half straneled wit h the bloo • d which P-urgcd from his wound ed lunr;s , he made his vdll and diod . In the Slave Stat es t c }JOlit ic t1l f orces were quitA diff0rent f r on tloso of tln r r ee - St ates . In t h e fo rmer . t ho e :ro a t ma sR of tho voter s could rj.ot rea d; and th ey were ;ea le d by poli ti c ul sr,eL.k ers on tho otu..mp , who ro the orato ~s of both :parties oude tb0ir appe als . It was , therefore , all i mport ant to t Lo s t1cc ess ful p:rogress of my c a use , that I should a.dd to the liberty of the press the liberty of public discussi on . lly experience at Ruo vell ' s Cave warned me thot l must hav0 s ome mo re personal force in my t ehulf than the ad voc a c y of tiin f:reedom of t ho lave , und agai ne t '.'ihor.1 tho nol1 - ::lav0h0 l aer fo l t enrni ty r a ther than sympathy • .lfor one of t h e mcthod L o f tlin s l ave - powe :r wus to enc our age t hi s enmi1"y c c twe on parti es ,,ho wore r ec:. lls natural ul lief:' in a com 1'lo n proe,ress . Ken tucki nnr , 1)c in s . from t heir oar ly history, except jom,. lly fon d of r.:iili t ur y g l o ry , I ho r, ed by the i:Ie x ican War t o s trengthen myze l f s o tha t l c ould t ake t h e stump , ll)r. ere I v:ould be an ovor- rnatch for all my foes ; ~rhen, if d eemea necessar y , the TRUE A.'ltii: RlCAN cou l d be loca ted a t Rome poin t s ecure again~t mobs , and a ot as an a l ly of public di l.:i cuss ion . '.i1hf'.} r osul t proved t tii t I war-; r i t.;ht . 11he �- 20 '7 - The TRUt A1J.ERICAN 1 dur ing m;y absence in t he Mexican We.r <wac edited b;y my friend , Jor.n C. Vaughan , of South Carolina bi rth , but then an emigrJ a nd citi zen of Ohio . Uy brother , b r utus J . Cl uy , my financ i al agent , thought it best au.rin g my lon e absenc e and uncertain return , to d iscontinue the p&per . As soon as I joined the invading army , oy princ i :p&l s u ppor terB, the Abo lit ioni sts l:tnd some of t h o polit-lcal f oes o f i:::.la very , lost eo n fidon ce i n. my pur J;o ses , denou.nced me , nnd ceased to take my paper. So , whilst it hn d steadily incr(~as ed till the J,lexica.n War , it now fe ll off tn circula tion . There upon Vi:.:ue;ha..n , tr-tking my ma teri a l and subB c r ibers' list , loca ted in Lo u.ie ville , f'. nd s t arted tlie EXAI.U.NER , fpr no w there ws,s no d if f i culty in carrJrin g on a n an ti - slaver y paper in Kentucky . So , on my :return , l paid Vauehan fox· fil l ing my un expi re d li st , [;nd v ao p ted hi s journa l for a ll pa rty purpor, es . * * (:&~or t he Couxie r and 1£n qu i¢'rer } TO A JU S'l' .i:'U BLlC : - 1 oc p y th 8 fol l owine fro!!l the Roche r:te r DailJ' .Ar.i.c r icn.n o f A1n•il 8 4tl1 , 1 848: ncassius IL Clay .- !he r o are many 11ersonrJ in t hi s v icinity who would bo gl a d to he a r f r om Mr. Cass ius 1la.rc e 11.us Cl ay , rf'Dp ec t:i ne ba l 8.nce z o f subsorir t ion to the T:8.Ul~ A};Ui:RICAN , o.ue to them f ro m the afore ~;aj a Cass ius . They pa.i.d in a d van ce to .wr C' s a gent , many of thf"lm for t','70 years , not i'o r e seeing that th f) fi• iLm t h r opic o.nd hero ic Eci i to r would so so on ab ttndon hj t.- a nti - slaver;) papur and g o to li1e xico a c a volunteer to fi. e;l-:. t for mor n s l &ve territory, - Yet, thr;y do n ot ,;uenti. on h i r rj g},t to fight whom tmd wr..ero and for whu t hA r,l er.oes ; if h e , fill refund t he ir money , t hey wil l be c ontent . " On my return from my long i mpri s onment incurred in the s ervice of my country , l found tho TRUE A!r.ERICAN di 1:1 con ti nucd , contr ary to my e x r ec t a tion and f·re vi o us arr ang emon t wi th my brot h0r . l gave the BdJ.tor of the Exe.mi ner of Louis ville , e i g ht h undred do lls r s a nd my boollk to f 11lfi 11 a lf. my obli ati cn~ t o s ub ncriber s o f the True .Amer ic an , a nd. i nunodi at ely i c ~~u ed a circul &r to t hti t effec t . If there is , •ho we v er , a. si ns l e s ubs crib er to · the TRU.l!t �- 208 - ~~ ~.w,e:r- .-- -a J,>}:<11fs::.-r-t~ -U.t&i~4~e--F--~t-o-too. T}:Ul AM.1~:r-:ICA.1-"'iJ in t liis UlHon who h i not m:ittsfied witr this a.1·r~J.n§:cment , and I oel i cvc there is no t one , I am ro&.dy on demaY)f.{to refund th0 monoy wi ti: jnterest .. ~ ~ q!.~;7- n1:JJ.h9_r &Gkr nor rcceiv0s ch:;;.rit;y of anv ono . - - - ·-· am '":not TS'1lerfrd.o1.~) - t~- tnoclenunciation and calumnio n of a porti on of the ~ublic preee of the Republicp buL from 1;he d::l.r-, chur ge of my (i u.ty , f.t.}3 an .Aoor:i.c~n cj tiz en , I cm not t o bo driven by physical for ce nor a t tompto a t moral ass ieninati on . r.:i t i: painful humi.l i t y I c a lml3 en trtrnt a,y ac Le I in wa r ana in pe.swe . to t he just judgmon t "" . ""' • .... ~• . r•1 o.i:·"' my coun try,,,en ,..,...,Av), -~ --. °"'t New York , ipri l 26 , 1848 . ,0) V -•· ( (,\-~ ,~'\.?' (.~• ' \/,< l 1/1 ,v I i.t!\ ,10 I hcc1 , i n s ever al t3poeoh eB a5airw t t he a.n nox- e.t i cr. of Te xas , pre d icted tr.at s ucl1 woultl Lri ng on wa:r , the !2.outh wa2. n ot ,:urpris0a a t my course ; v,himst the 1~or1:h , n ot b ;;. vi ng nu toci. my pi•omi :.:: cc , and no(, u1Hier t-d ,unc\inr, my mot i v os , wor o for the ti !:10 1;i.l icna tocl from me . Gn voluntoo r i .ng , l took my pos :i.ti on j n the' n ,nlrn; lmt 1 h1:1.d t ho promi s e of Gov0:r11or Wr.:i . Ovmlcy , th(taugh h i G Llon-in - l aw , Judl,;e Vlm . O. Goodloe , that l Hho .,ild bo mude Colonel o f a r og i merrt , un I 1-;.;_;.d th1·o vm the de:l mgati~)n f rom 1.fayHtte in his f a vo r f or nom inee :for t he e xecuti ve off :Lee by the \\hi g .r?arty - Eu t , ,vlw n t h o sluv c - :-ovmr h on.rd of th:is s cheme f ~s I war, to l d , t he Povernor r eceive d a "ba rr el o f letter s , " prote::;ting e.gains t mir apr:·ointmen t . ~hus I found my s elf in t he r-anks o f the " Ol a lnfant r.y'j J m1tead of boint Col onel . This coi'lpany was j_n t}rn War oi.' 1 812 , una.er tl,c command of my father , Gener a l Gr een Clay ; and :tt h:.Hl continued o,rge.nized till t he i~e x i can War , v1hen i t was rec eivod by the Government a s part of' Colonel Humphrey }lar:?: hall ' s r egi ment of mo unt ed I had bean itsCaptain~ mo•. �( - 209 - r * Fo r tho \~est ern Ci t i zen. C.,.:,8S I US 25. CL.AY OF. :iili.NTU )KY . - Arnone, other ch,1 r eos bro ueht b~1 r:or1e o±' the Nor thern p 1·es s aga:inGt thir:1 gentleman i s t hat o.f voluntee r in g to su~. tu.in \ \ tho \'i a r caus6 :, b y tho annexat i on of ·rexas . I I I I The criar ge i :.:: mn.clo ag,:i m, t Mr . Clay • in an I l Uno i s psper , that he waB n ot influenced i n going to tt0 w~r by a ny l ove of country , but sim9ly by a desire of distinguis hi ng himself. i . e . , actua ted alone by a love of glory . etc . It is nu less B incul a r tha n true . t h ai nenrl y a l l of the c.he.rgeB ll ro ut;ht at,a in ct Kr. Chiy , aro fi.r s t mad e ' ~ by t h<:l p re stj , u.i~ hG llorth 4!-' '\\ \ 'l'ho truti h1 tha t i:. .r . Clay wa e Cap t a i n of tho ver.y ol des t c ompany in Ke ntucky- , evo r y man o . \ \i ,({A o f which at thB b r eaki ng out of thn wa:r offer Gd ~ r ne rvico to t h e Governor of t he Sta te . Should their Captain h av e done l ess? In reference \on l ove of glo :ry . etc; i t i s ' I p re s ume d tha t ,ur . Cl ay }mf:~ some of i ba t foeling i n cornrr,on .,P,- with other m0n , liutAhus noL an undue share . Of o.11 the men tl,c writ er knmvs anything <:ibout , !.Ir . Ol a;/ i s Emion e; tbo true st to his p r ii.noi ples . und phyu ical cou rag0 ar e a l i k e , g r iJ at. l:tia 0or a l At a tim e ·wh er1 :1.t was n oa rl ;1 aB m11cl9: as a man ' s life was wort h t o a v ow eroan - c i pa. t ion doc trines i n a s lave St at e , ~ - Gla~ ai d so , and since tr.iat period hi. s man y frioni'ls in Ke n tucky h ave almos t h0url ;y exp,3 c te d to h ear of }:i s dea th . Yet Mor thern men - 'r ~ mote from the theatre , call in c.._ ue stion hi s m:mno:r of \ defending �(' - 21 0 - defen~1ing t is oYm life . . Ttjs ehould not be Po . C. ~ - Clayt and e very otl::or mH-n r osidinc; in r, slave St a t e , who has firmness ~3uf f ic i ent to procla i m tho r,rjnciplfls of truth-O f j 11:3tice \ \ \ a n d of honor , should r eceive t b,: encoun :;,gc:men t of a l l the frie nds of ma n ev e rllwbor e . I c. W. - ----- H. E. Acad e my , 1 850~ and it c omposed , a l so , one of the compbnios of the Fayet te Leg i on , of whi c~ I had Ll so been Co l on el . In t ho meantime , ~m . li . mcKee , my ol d s hhool mat c , te. vine; been efluo at en at 'i'iest :Point , a l so volunt ee r ed i .n the a rmy of' i nv&.s io n . houri n g that Gover nor Owcl e y woul,1 sure l y make me Col onel of l,hc n ew :regi me n t , he c ame t o .Lo:' in gton , an d aRked me to d ecline in hh~ f a vor , as ho bol i eved the companies would recommend him, an6 the ({over no r woula appoint h i ~ . I liked ~cKee . he had been m~ second i n t he f t ght wi t h Wi clrliffe , a.na was a e;al lant fe llow. I sa i d to him : So " The Old In f a nt r y are now i n t heir c;_ue.:rte rs :for ni ght dri l l ; go down and see t hem , t.. nd let them clec i de be t 1neen they u.s . " WO"'!: () <.:~ wO , going dov;n , he roturne d , cmd sai a that for me , and ho gP.V0 i t up ; an a. turning h i.s at t ention to tho i nfantr ;y in ctr.er par t s of the St ate , was made t::o l onel of' I nfan t ry , and f'ell galluntl y fighting at t he he a d of h i s command a t Buen a Yi s t a. Humphre y Marshall , anou~e r g r adua te o f West Poi nt , was made. Col onel , and hi s cous in , Thomas F . Marshal l , of Woodford . �- 211 Woodford I was o ne of the Capta.:t ns of t,hH r egi me nt . 'fie wer e muete r 0d i nLo eervi cr a t ~oui~ vi l e ; c a r r ie d to U1e mph ts , '.Vennessee , l)J7 water. , a n d want mou nte d by l a nd to l'1oxico . In trJo rr1Aa ntimo , J a me s S . J'nck s on , my i'r i ond . wus ohos en Cup ta i n of t h e 11 $1 a Infa ntry , " and l w&s mun ter e d along the s t r e e t s of Le x: i De t on , v, ith m:y mw, ke t on s h o llld e r • .Ci ov1 t ho r; l n.ve - p owe r vn i. ::, ex ultan t . oncl said : now ; ho will never r eturn a live , a nd th o damned agi t a t or . " ho no r . \'IA 11 We ha vo hi m wi l l b e s}- ut of But I he r e re c ei ve d t h e gr e a te st The gal l ant J uc kcon, when ho saw that Gover n or Ow·s l ey had b e tr a ye c1 me , an d that t he a ris toc r r.1 c y were t r i ump han t ov er wy s u_pf;O' e d d i ~ g r &.c e , oal 113d t h e company to g et her i n t h P. oou.rt - hou ee yar d ; an d , wit h out g ivmn g t'le the l east hi nt i n ad va nce , a ddr ess ed t he s ol d i e r s . and , r es i gn ing , nominh te d me a.s Capt a in . I waA un a n iwous l y c l n c t, e d ; :v1ason .Brown , t ho 8on o f Samuel Brown , vot5-ng for mo , being t:t:e Second. Lieute nant of tl.0 cor.1pa.n y . t h en took t11j J a cke on J;)l a.o e i n t he r a.nks , a n d Ji1o ss e d with we t i l l I wa s made pr1 ~oner at Rne ar na ct on . ~t Loui c v i llo . on t ho nig~t b e f or e wo se t out fo r iv1emphir· , Eo me of' our soldi orri , hi...Vin L· d e ~t1 r t ed , i n a houF; e of i l l - f a.we . took :r efuge Col on e l ;.,:a.rsha ll o r de r e d me to surroun d, the hous e , and t1~1 ng t l;.cm i nto o an1p . l did s o. A s hot was f ired from t1'10. ho u c e; a n c1 tho men , ~ , exa s per a te d, broke u _p some of th e f ur ni Ml\. On my r et urn home , my 0n emi os , to annoy me , h ad me irn.:ed for ih-.1,rnagos , s:rna the �- 212 the j u :i:jbro ugh t i n u v or ~1 ict r~g.-..tm-.t I hed vi ol a te a ~ ~e :Yi e . It wa[1 r.eld. t r.a t civil r i ghts of citJze1E i ~l~eally; but , as I act ed under ordr:i:ro wM0.h l dured n ,j t dir.obcy . tho National _Governwent , QB in tho c &so of Gnnrra l Andrew J ack, on , un dnr l i :;::o c iro.,.,rnsbtnce:: at N'ev1 Orl eo.ns, pro mpt ly re fun c1 od !"le t Le wo 1: e y • Jt'r om _,iem f.' i ~.1 . we wnnt ovor PWn?:'lps . l egoon(; , nnt'.l rive:n .1 to Little .Eocl: . the cti ,. 'ital or: 1~rke:lHlC , Th<n- r r,e waro we l l .rEicoi vea nnci ;.·ou 8ted.; a.no on e of.' th f' l ov0l iest of t ho J.rkunsas girln 5avo me a beautiful :re tl oet r ich: fR a the r £o r my cap , wh~cY .l \.o.,·~~ oi'i' ,1n thr1 ma.:r.cb in triumph o-vor a l 1 t1 e ~ 01mt; fellows o f Af; comr..1im.:;ar i 1 fa ve.c r~., in T: x a s, on ·t,}il'< and l !hi surE'l would enf! ue . 1,1 •e T P g:i men t . :~tm· en , tit c ., };ac1 tlJ bf. gatr.er ed a t Gulf , 1eli.c~ vin g tha t :,ow~ a elay r go t l0a ve of a}isen ce i'o.r Horne rlays from our c omr.a.and or t o h unt 1,uf fal_, . tr_en ~aio to l.JE.:. on tho no:rth- v·1e0 te:rn li .-1e oi' t ho f>e t tle m1-rnts . J. X ., a. co ,:r a e 0 01ti: i=: , l d i or from Captui.n :,iila.o ' s c ompa ny , we \"t'nnt by tho wu;,1 o:t' thG .Jot Svrir: g s , t lH~.n havi ng hut a few rude cabins , where n uu ij ~re a t ci ty ~egins t o ris e . l n a f crw di1;y n , h;:wjne: c r 0s~1 ed tl"<i Hod Eive:· a t f.; hr e vo1,ort , anc'I t ak i ng by r; p ock ct - co,n}-t... sr; a nor th- v.·et>tcrl y co1lT'S 0 . we were soon ·beyond t he Hettlom e nts unc1 in tt A vii ld pr 1-d ri os of the 0omanchoc and t he buffa l oes . 'l'J: e p:t a.i.rie s were g ent ly u.nduJ.ati n t; . so t ltat t he riv ul e ts s eemea , 'by an opt ica l i llus i cn , to r un uphill. They woro devo i d of t:rc R, 1J ut full of to.11 c,:rass and vi l d flowo 1·B of i n f i n i t e co l (?r I g r a ce, a.rid b e a uty. There wa.e n.o �- 21 3 no ani mal li ~'e ; 1 ut the fl.) We.r n t-1eeme d to f i ve ·!;he pl easure o f a :-::::ioc i a ti (m 1 .u1d f' j_lle d tho nyo wi t h the'l :i r novel 1 ovrd in e so ; a nd the :i1· 0do:r, of th 0 mot: t p:r.ofuse and de l i c a te f l avors , i ntoxicat ed t L~ s e nses . t ree s nn<J wi l 0 1·ye nu.11·1r:e i.1 80100 Oc cac j onslly a thread • of rJ i.s t ant 2:i.vule t , wheor o ·'ieho e arl t rllins hud devE; l oped u.nu:::)ut.1.l ve ge t at i on . I t was n ow vc to ber , but the aJ. r war; ttS bal my Sfl i n June; 1;:,. nd th e b l ood flowed mer r ily thr ongb our ve i ns , maki ng exin t e nco itsel f a f;l o&~m r e . ' 'I'he ~ £,•r e a t ri v<t; I\'i of. ~exa s f l o~ approxi ma t el y north and sou th , ep r eadin~ out i nto f un- shup ea u:-,pe r wa te::ro , r i ver r; , creeks , and r i vu lc ts . Dur i ng tho wi n ieT r&J.ns thoy &r e flush , a n d was ~ deep h oles in thei r beds; i n the Dumme r und fa l l f e w str eams f l ow, b ut "wa. t er - ho les II a re t l:c placer.; wh er f'l tho Inn i anf1 ar.d wi l o an1 mti.l r a re n up plied , ti ll tho r aim~ a r e r enewed . Aftor a l on1; day ' s t r a v el , tovmrd eve one day we saw a pe ncil - ma r k lino 01'1 the d i.s tunt ho:r i ~rnn , whicr:. we knew a t on c e to l..) water , or at l ean t a water - pat h . Thes e wat e r - cour ses a r e i nvari a bl y cover ed witL s hrubs , trees , a n c1 vi n os , t }1i okly s ot , r,·hicr, may best be term ed 11 jungles ; 11 and ne a r th ec c , for shade an,, wato1· , 1:1.ll anima l l ife gathers . l~ear da r k r:e r e nllGt tho Junele , and c voss e d t lio bed of t h e r ivul et to t he v:est tJ.i do , wh ore we :found a no wl..';, - des ert ed Ind i an camp , &nd know t hat wa.t nr oould be mos t 1:1urely f oun d. ne a r by . I p itch e d our tent , tet he red our t wo hor s e s and the g r ay mule " Bi lly , " a nd maH e u f i ro t o boi 1 ou! coff ee, whi 1 s t K. mmt in s ea rch of wat er. He was n ot. l on g gone befo r e he f oun d a fine " 'i_Va te r-h ole 11 or p ool, a t which we watered ✓ �- f?l4 wo.ter ed ou1 }-,o:rr.e!J und f i ~lcr1 OLD CE!nteens . dry in, l uffal o muL t. '.ihi;t,C ::;.ro mi.d o h~\ f: et ting fou r for k s seven feet htovc the gro u nG. st i cks t f.:n a r:.c;n:1n upon tLc in 0Uo:r- c r oo c stioko ar0 eet 1 u pon which t h e ruffa l o or otPAr rr:00.t , cut i.n lone ntrj ps • i s v,om1 n c.round , as pumpkin ir~ curei'I :ln the r1oun tain po1·t lons o f Xontu ck,y Ly t }i"l poovor f wn ile8. e. fi ::ro if.. kindled un dnr it , v:J. i and 1 wU,r. tl.r• 011 Ac thr rn.0at i"' f"', t , r,mokc1s av;a y d. a of th r• :.. un , c,u ~i!iae~-t - t h0 f li e s , drfo s i t tl tnt .i t o f' t.ho .:-.avf, n.r;er , Dlt:f c of tvro e1 •o r i ph )c o ~ , ,,~,;:; six inc.r.ee in cl i nmet0.r , t hon t wo T.> Ol N". I :-.n von f e r t l o n £ l ai d upo:1 Over ono of t he~e bodrtscds t l r buf fa l o sK1nn v crc lL i d . , µ ) ' ~ I t, .... s mall bougn we rn bent , like t ho wilJ ov. s of F.. child ' r~,\ hody , over \·.h ic h no do u bt hi. de f' "":err. :.pread to keep c ff de\'1 J.lld r a. i:n. }5 o 0ven the: bu:rds I nd i an s / t uke c:u-e to avo i d 'the d.EV': ip , wh:ich , i n f,l e op espnc:i.a l ~y . j c so f a tal to an:imal In the l 11c1i an 1 07,~ 1 l ife . of -:: ..,ur s , hu t.s o~ h i gh pol c:a ana. skin s a.re made ! 'but , 5.n their r apid i1ovem 0nts, th e Oomanchos 1 1 e on tho g:roun d u r on t h eir ski ns , or on these tempora ry bodeteade , -r,hich [I.r e made only , I suppos e , when ihoy hnvo foun d plenty of game f o r s ome time ' s use . All these days TTe ha d not seon a livine t h ine , neither bird n or an i ma l, an d t he reason waE\ :pl ain ~ a ll thes e take up �( - 215 up their quartors n:ar is '\ a l Fo :9lenty . huvinc arljuetod ttinc a for l'lown :i r: our fly - ten~ ~o clocp . t.l. P. nig ht , wo ls.i a Eo:r.:. ,,;e ,,e:re , for t he :f t :r:-it bcr:l.£, :::·r; ot civj_lir, ut:.0n 1 lr:. n recent Inc1i u n ci.w,p o:f: the· treu <\herous 0orm:"l.:nohes , w:i10 nckno..-:l e6god n o l aw but forc e , su:r:ronn<led b::r v, e knot; not what ferocious an ima.ls . So '' t ired n<->ture ' R sweet rosto:rer'' wnt Rlow t,1 cl,J::.',e our low r;rov 1l 0:f t hP. t i. ge:r ; onH , twJ , thrvo , .-1m1 :,i1e n more G~mc , dee r , Lea r , etc . , I i'ollo't', e d fe ot , r .kind lod J;h1.::i fire , ,.n<'i ooizoa l ,:ic riflo - S?eC:111 ·, ted. c.bout ,·a·,rmco Cuf.10 t r,cs o untcurd o:: ~-ouri:t s . l ength. 1::e concl1Hlea that lt ·:·ae the •'!O At : ican tiger , or 1 , opa:rd , which fj, h ad mad e i ts wny to ~ho~c un:'re c;.U•:m. t ecl woods . lf they ~-:r::JLld. attack u r; . or .~U .!. horc eu , W<) ~eerllc d Ull(H_,ual to tho f i ght ; for now ttH'~7 a_ppoa:rod t o incr0no e , ti.11c'\ wtn·e i'o:rmida.l)le i n number , us well t:e loud er , on nea rer approuch . lluvinl, 110 •. rc1 ~hot wil d l-,<-H.:1 sts were i nti.i1i oa.t e d 1,y fil·o , wo pi led on mor" i- o od t t,:r..d " t oed cnutiouc ly to c~1· &rras - 6 un~ an d piut,olo . -: .After �- 21 6 Aft e r a l on e; t i i'!le tlH➔ ;;,o gu.tt 0rsl so-..inds be ean to de - 1; l ank ets , u.n ,:. bet,;t-.t.n to 6nier the lun 6 of d r o&rns , who n u o:f vor min , a bL.tg l!ad enter ed. his Gar , b,r; r, vmn tasting tL 0 p:rac t:l cab i lit:;, o .1.' p ~ suing i ts sen~,it ive drum, w'i'1.en the o:xoruciating p u.in cb.D$ed ray bravc - hc:...r tcd c oc11; un i011 to c r y a~: li k e & ~uma n . nhat ~~s to 1G dJne ? oi.l p oured i n t o tiio (;Ur w0 ll d <lr i v o oi..:. t, tl.ci 1;u g , lrn.t \,G sti l l si mmor inc o n th~ dy ine cmliers ; unu , K.r"1.owi ng salt to be vc, ry off'e1rni v0 t o i nsec~s , I Jlace d i:. . on Lir n i d ei , sti ll b e llo wine l i:;re a "bu l l c a l f n ! I put t he 11.oz~l.0 t0 h i n ear ; v,nd r1 eluged i t a n d his fa ce an d e yes wi th 1,he hot, s a l t , wate r . tfhe bur c amo r un n ing out ; a nd K., s purtine.; the l i qui a from h i s mou th r.n a wi p i :nt; hit3 c l os8 d §JWEHi , ~nd s eeing my su:pp:r-es s e d l a.ut:;h t e r , cov f,:red me ¼':1 t h alt e::rna.t e c ur s e B a n d co mpli ments . h e wa8 Ye:u}·pd ; a.n c e v~r a f' ter he told t he o t ory wt t h co mic ozpr ee s i on s of e r a ti tude ttnd humor . Wit hou t fur t be r .inci d ent , we ros e with t he " :ni gh t y kint, o f aay ; 11 a nd . ·M.1.c k ine our mule , a fter a has t y breakf as t, we entered the pruirie' once mo1· e , turning f r om our COUl'fie a lit t l e ~o examine our fiel<'l of tig er sounds . We had not g one f a r bu f o r e we s a 'li an i mcie ns e her d of b.uff a l oos gr azing on t h e di i:: t ant prairie , renewing the s ounds of t ho nie;ht be f ore . The buff a l o , l ike t h e hog , be i n g �( - 217 1)einL' lik e the hog , g:rega ri c us , f; i \·ci:: a s i mil a r g run t when f eed ine , with h i s ho ad oun k in t; o t- h,) tul 1 the h ord is d irected a nd k ept toge t ber . era s s , b y which But t :h ey soon s a w us , long bo fo1·0 wt t l1 i n t,lrnsl1o t , ami p u t off wit h t he ir a.v;rkward r egul a r gallop , e.nc! we re s oon l or t in tLc diat3.nco . :.!:urning aga in nor t hwest , we met wi t h no inc i dent of n ote till t ho Eii°t0rnoon; t hH buffa l o , no cbut t , n a vine come a l on e; wa-:r• to d2'.'ink u t tho wat o - bole . 11 .Bl l l y", the t!!Ull't , v1as n,,-.;n :r· :.rn. f, infie d v.i t h eating , and h ad t o t o driven often into t he lino o f merch . So .K ., out, t i ne a lone whip - ut a ff , und sl inci nf; to i t a n extra t)ridlo r ei n , kept hi m betwe en us ; I e;oine; 1·,ofo r e , the mulo next , a nd lL brini .r1g up the rea r. .M; oendi ng a Bl i t;ht acclivity , where tr.e r o ·w as r,oro ~~a .A- san(l tha.n gr ass , [ind t lw t littl e very 0par.b.ti:n f:ll.Oa l l pa tchc1e , Billy cam 0 to o sudd en h ::ilt, with en.rs c a.G t fo rward . fore f eet set r..rart , a nd gave a loua s n ort . I nc. i a n s ! 1' But Bil .~y K. c r ie d out, : "Indi a ns , .Billy ; □ t o oc'l f iA'.e rt t.o the spot , v1H h hi~:1 ey e s st1:. . ri n_s , and i nc lj_nE'1J t owanl the r.c Li.r c ro unu . aown , Lo oki n g I so.w a ve ry n ovel tmfl.kc , 1:i"bout fou.r or fiv e feet in l en g th , of r ar e and bri lli ant c , l or E, ti.nt'l nhaped l i1rn a wl.d.p - tho ng . I t l e.y a.t ful l leng th , at ne ar right ang l e B to our lin <; of' march . K . s oon c1ismo unted ; o.nd , cl ubbing hi , long whi p- Etaf'f , J)rcp a :C8 d t o !:$ tri ke . th The s nake ma.de not le ast moti on ~l t hi e ap.r,ro a c h , n ot even opentne i t s mou th, or tl:run tin.t;; out it o tong ue , a s i s usual v;itri ~r,1..1.kes . K. came d ol'm wit h his blow; my e yes worr1 never tak e n off tho s n a ke . But thn ·· nalrn was no t k i l le d. , but gone . u s saw him move . and we never s aw h i m wore ! Neither of ii e e:Nami n ,~d fer rode a l l a round , tho :.:n rrfa ce boi.ng n e& rly all pure s a nd , �( - 218 b ut foun d no ho le , , nd oaw no bi 6 m-1 of tr:o ~·na.ke . vw..., N ·; ):te t1 ux·p1·1~1ed .i.L t1'1a.n wys e l :!:'; and , mou.ntinc his hcrse , wi th i mac;ina tion s tored by l ~st n igh t ' s ad ven t ure , swore i t was the devil ! i i. t ce rta i n spee dG , ob joc ts rnako no :i mpr es f;ior,s on t}H "J r e t1na , as t he i::w:i t'tly - tu rnod spoke ~ of a c l ose . 1;.nd cf gre r. t e-p ee d. , and e xertinf; h i s p ov;en :1 escaped our f; t gh t . But K . vvould n c ver adm i t the r easonin g ; an d , :.'or long yea r s a ftorwo.1·d . v;J: e:n the snake s tory was :nnrno d , wo uld. l ook seri ous , shnkc hi s head , and. say nothin g . Coming at l engt h to a r avine , where the:re was much s i g n of bu.ffal o , wo p:itc:b e d tent, tethe red Billy , a n d o.ecid ed af t o r mi <lnay to t ake a h ur1 t . Pas £ing over a s lie:;ht ri 0e of' th e pr a i rie , l aaw a huee buffa lo bull grazing a.l one ne e r o, jun gl e j ~.nd. pas0i 11g b el ow ti 1 L 1 re uched t he t rees , I adva nced c a uti ou s l y till I got nea r him . hon;e a,nd ap:proac be d on foot . c:"l.11(1 t hen tied my The rifl e l car r ied , bo r rowed in th e r egi ment , tho l a r gest bore I coul d g et , s a ve t he c a r bines, c crri , d. about th.:r i t.y- t wo balls to -J.ft p ounci , v1hen a n 01moe ba.1 1 -vor y Judiciounly us e n. wus nee dJ\to k i l l t hese immens e a-nlmi:?.ls . But 1. had a b r a ce of f irst -cla s s duellin g p :i!?lto l s in my belt, , so I concluaed to use them . Having hoard t hat t hE-i buffalo , whon v•;ounded , wo u ld tur n u1-1on h i.s en -,my , l took al l pre c a uti ons .for sa fety . I so t my rifl e by a tree , and ob s e rved one \\''i t h s u it able limbs for a.scent , ~m d then . t &k i n g my pis tol i n h ami , I s ought the bul 1 , wh ich was bnhind a small pat c h of sumac b u i.1hen , and I co nl d pl a.inly lll-iar hi!'l s t rt p11ing the tend e r grass in gr a z ing . Cree ping �( - 219 I .x.,w Cr eop : iii, llh:.ro u gh tho b nnh er.; , wi t, l ;\ ton feet of h im , I f ired at h i m be:tind s houlder; and runni n 0 u. t onco to my tre e , thH ab out t wenty pa c os off, climbed it. He had evidentl y been hit s everely , b ut I saw him gal J. 01ii11g off over the _pr airie . 1 v.rent to t :b.e bushes , und m..w whor e he hurl p lun5 oe into tho r.moke 0f my p intol , t earing Ul) th e g r o und for many yea rd:J t·ri th hi s slidinf; hoofi:: . \ ~Jo , i f l di e: no t escape b einc laughed at , I avo i ded 1eing killed.! \ ', !tiou:nting my horn e , l o.t onct; ·:1ont in purB1..1 it , but r:-a.w Li m no m,n·e . l hE<l not g0 ne f ar , I I tho l;'!hou. ldt1r , v,i t h 1'.ly :ri f lc . h ad ~lre8.d~1 roturne J v,i th I then struc k fo · c amp , where .fL 6. l aTt:;t-1r cal f than my o r,n , in t h e k illing u n d cnr,turi n1:; of nhicl: ho hat1 a \',or.td erfu l te ll. ;.:.J ~o.l e to we ht-t d n uw meat cnou.{)1, I di 1~ not; nd,u r 11. to rny· cltlf. r:.avin 6 l,1·out;) .. t in trie t uft oi hjr. tail in pr oof of 1\e no;, Got r.l.1ou t tutc.her j nf.., , eutt ing Ul) lt.o i n the gro un d . Otl t 1 rr,uch Gflj~yocl our fare . tr.e whi. l e drt.Wing . about hi G fir;h t v.:i th the c&.lf - how td ::,hot, }1 i (!J an d caught h i m, ond how 'tl:e C£-l f rot,e and :terned him , and al l tha t ; un1iil . seeing l wus u:o i ng 1:.-:ock wond.er , ho ,lrop1:e d the story . lfo.ving no time to cure tho buffal o meai i n tho r egul a r way , we r o a s t e d the best pa rts on sp i ts , and p acked t hem in ou r Hibo res . Alo~ g th o r a vin o v, e s aw p lenty o f ,:;ild t urkey �- 22 1) - t u :rknys , (bu t no Broc.l lei· game) , fe od inf~ u :_;on thr; -~vi l d g:raos e s , Tihich a r e r1 u.itf-l eata1;le ; ttn<1 ve occa-sional ly k i lled ono , anr! r:u t t i ng stripe cf cn l t porlc. p i nne d on wi t t s pl i nti1.r P , and turninE~ 1 im on a spj t w:l ·s tuck i n thn gron.ne , \Te h r.d onD enn delicious roaBt ._ r.e v er so t-i. t.,oo d e11:1 ez/h0 r e , becua.t1e thif t£i i.:: tl•c Leet me t hod of cooki ng i t , an d the c.;•1)0 titie i e th(' b8S m. . u ce . CCJ~t inu.i r.g ,.; ur hunt; ;:-me coss t'ul .i.y , we Fti 11 bo r e n or t h by ~es t , W 10 tjmberod ravines inc resnin g , so that we know we v:e r c pa ssi n g one of tho g n : , t riv o:r s of Te xas -&- a S t a t e l a r g er tri::i.n l?r a nc e . Indj un t 1 i ens J.ncr cas e d , a nd the l )n€,da.y we pasned n.n in dj an in t ht:> ope 11 c ar:rps \1e r c f rech e r . pr tii r ie , on hor8 ebnck , comi ne exactl y tow~!d us . As we kn ow tho Cotnanc h <.:H:.~ , .e re.ever holJtile . anc1 ne v er to be tru s t ea . we took :ri £"l e in hand , una watchful ly pas s e d h i m; h e , a l so with rif l e in han d. , pa sr-ied us , and nei ther npoke . Of co urse , a s i nele hunter would ra.,·el;y t,n i'ounct , ~m a we r egar a e d h t m as a 11-, y . ire , thor (, .fore , pru-}hcd on th at, da y ; an d . hu. vin1..~ watered ou::r .hors es an the way , tr,;.. vel l e c1 ti 1 1 ~ n ca-r da r k , ·,,,1-.en we lay down tt_po n the <1.r y p r uirj es wi t hout tent . eat i ng our driend cooked meut only ~ How , ev,~r r1 i nc e 1H lil.y hs fl bee n f ri gr:t one<l with the s nake - who n iC c ried out l us tily , 11 I ndi uns Bi l l y ! - ho h ad u s ed l,ha t v.o rd t.o b r J ng thti mu l o f ro m hi 1.1 gr e.zi:ng d i vers i on i nt-o l i ne . Jfo r , ar-; FO on EiS h 8 woul d cry out " I n.dians " a nd affe ct t o run a n d be Re a r ed , Bi l _y wo u.J.d take u p a tro t , lmd come in to lin8 hohinc1 me . V• e had s c a re e l y ad ,justed �( - 221 - adjuntod ouroelveo to nl eer) , W1'lr•n the mule lJrougrt uc up wit.r1 t rcmf'nr1ouf i·no rt s , k 19pt u fwit hout coo.sing . So we ccnclaiiod tr..ut tl e ln c~ i. &nb 1.&<l boen wHtclJine us ruring tLo a v.:y , 1 nc1 r,ere nov, tr!:i 'i line ufi tr.ro 11eh the t!1ll gru.ss by starl i ght , to k i l l us . ~ t cal our horses , take o ,r e;uns I and _po rbaps ~·,c v..t once pr e ked up , chunged nom~wl".at our courco ; and , after a few miles , slnpt u oon tho p r a iri e ,. lfow , v,rh0thcr it vmA lndi ans , or boars I or 1,~•01 ves , the bore es took n o n.1t i ce of them , but 1,hri mulo Po~mclcd tho rJlnrm. Onr 11rov i sions being now nearly expencled , exc e pt t:te buffalo-meat , ~m a the n, vae,as be in g noPr us , wo r%ic lved to set out f or .Lo.vac::i, on tl:e Gulf . I set my foco b cornpase , a nd lrnpL H r'i.cht line e.P; ,:-e ll as I c ould . The furt he r west v,e \'mnt , the more the t i mber end jungle increasod . 'fhe ca.<.: tus 1Jet.,an to ep..r!cv.r in 1;lace o , mingled. wit h thorn s , b1·ut· r.- wc od , end grr..pevj nes; and , \rha t ·rmn wors e , qui 01-::'-·ands b.:ie an to obstruct tllc CiTJ'onsin[;F of tl.1.e ri vu l ~ , or r a. ther the bedr, of the enme , which wore now neo r l ~ dry . The buffnl oeo oroP~J thM1e s trems and p ick I\ the Eocurc plac ee . e.nd moJ-c very rat: rked pa t"hs . \,e had to fol low tl1oso re. ths for l one d i f tun cos , Yd tlio u t rognr d to c ou.rso , \7inding o.bout ove r r,mall prni ri m" , botv:e0n tho r i\ru.lcts and creeks , whici1 morn ancl mo r e ,·rcsen.t ed obstruc- tions . .!!'or days and nic;hts \Ve wo rrie d througl: these wastes , without see i n£' u livi n c t11int; but s l i my snakes s li ding tbro u0r. t ho jungles . He c amr.,e d v,herever we :happ ened t o fin d vmter ; und :.i.t c tLout t he l a.s t of our stores , except t he �- 222 - t he 1uffalo meat , bejng •; , j thout salt o:r 1J:read . In tlie mean time , A. had become doworu l ·J zed nnd cl e iJ'pon,1 ent , ouy i n g we mi e;ht u, well g ive up , and lie c1 ovm on tho e:ras s a nd d i e ?. Vie here hove a sample o:f' fo rtitude as atnt i nct from cour age . .K . •;,ould have me t a hol:lt of men tn v r rns . uut yi el de d to unforeseen <l i Sf, Ster a s a child . I h ad now bee en U£' inc the tom~ihawk liowie - ?'J.l1 d kn i fe in clea ri n e way t he june;le , in a ll of whior~ K. wa.i::: unabl e or unwilling to as &i :.; t . In tho moen time , t he d if'ferenc e in the i ns tine t s or int ell i ~ onco of the hor s e and mul 6 was appar ent . 1'h e hor ~ wore c ompnTat i voly indi fferent to the snakes an,1 the quiclrnands , while Billy was ever wa tbhful and cauti ou s of both . On th o third day , atout two o ' clock , w0 e r.mo upon r~ 1170.s te o:f j unt:;l e ao far a:2 t he eye c oul tl re a c h ; a nd , as K . refuse d t o t;o f a rtl:er , and i rn::ir, ted on re turn i n e on our tra cks , I se t my co mpass couth by east , ~m il a tt empted t o r Gturn . I n t he meant:: me , the tu.ffal o t r a ces h ad been l os t , n.nc. I r an by tho cocipcns ~ l ub orinf,_; ht::rd a.xe Bj_1d knife . v-1j t:i-. the ~'ortun a.tely , we me t no q ui 0ksands ; filla o.bo t1 t s unse t , h avint; t r c.v0le d many hours &..nd many mi l es , in a s trai gh t li ne , amids t cver - recu:rr i nt~ pa tches or p r airie or jung l e , we debo uc hed i n t o a wider and hi €,hor pra ir i e , wi t J. 3 ne,7 v7oodn a'bout a mile off , to wht ch I d irected myse l f , to c amp on t ho streamlet ' , banks . I n◊ w saw a b lv.c k beor about one hund r ed ya r ac off . He s t ooi. ·w it h hi s s i de toward me, 0 ently t urning his head. toward. �( - 223 tOY/a.f'd me . l Gto~ . v·:e b .i d just lnft . ['..,ll(i he SC fJl ))C l"fld j_nto t he ju.n[';lC of f The wolvPs now s et up t he ir i ~1ferrw. l h owl , v:b.i ch s e eme d to he a f ow hundred ya r ds from us , i n u. small jun gl e 011 OLU left . K. mi stook them f or a s e t t le r' s d oge , u n d in s i c ted up on tur.n ing to the 1 ef't. kne w very wel l tha t they wer e onl 1 .vol ves ; a n d , to humor 1 my companio n , we r ode up to v,he:re th(-, not es were hoa r d , when t}1ey grew i'ai nt er in t ho c1 i t, t ence , where upon K .• r o l ape: od t n t,o }.is u sual ae sj_)o nd e ncy·. r edct i Sh - 5r ay f ox s too d n o doul.it , for th'➔ ne□ r I had no t i one fa r . whe.i1 a. me on the pra i ri e , l ooki n~ , first t i mn i.n,on man . 1 r,hot hi.m f or variety o f fare , t.n :1 toc k hi!"l to tho ;iung l e , v1hero we pj_-cchea. o ur tent . Ga t tcrin g cur nni ma l f: , l l eft K. t o -pit ch our t e nt a:nc: make a f i re , and ::-kin the f ox , whilt; t 1 hunt ed f or v1::.i.t0r . l war-; n et gono l on t.., uoi'ore I f ound wate r; tmd returning , f o und _,(, . -.•.it.~·.:. thn ten t u p , bu t lyin g ct.own , ,;;i_t h no fire , and the fox unto u.chcd . Get t i n g ou r c an t e ens full oi' ,·,a t or, urn~ 11';-armj_ :ng UIJ the, buffalo - mea t , I i n vi t od K . to s u.1,pe r , out he declinea to c ut , not h nvine tus t cd an;y t h in[; but dr y r.1cat os,rly thh t mo.m ing , Whils t I wa~~ nibl>l i :n g the l ast cf tho meat , ana a t tempt i ng to sL ow z:. t h at the r e was no dang er of s t arvat i on , ~ s v-:e had. plenty of ammunition , a.nd th e game boe;an n ow to b e mor e _pl entii-'ul. I heard a sounn v:-l i c h f i rc;t re v ealed to me how muc h my own s p ir i t f.s h a d been d o:pr e ss ed ~ fo r I di tl no t kno w what j ungl o s , quicksands , a n d other diffic ultie s wer e before - I h eard tl1e bark of a real at do g . I was si tting b y the fir e , the mout h of t h o t ent , ea tine; and reflecting up on the danger s �( - 224 - dancrers of tho s j_ tuuti on 4 ~:he l'.!'10011 shon o 1>rieh tly , and but a br oht h oi' \~'i n d b l e w s teadily frol!l tho 8 ') Utt -cast . On vrn.t er and the ·p rairie G nonncts u.r e wuf't ed incred i i> h1 ii:lst.::.n ces wi t}. tho wi n d . In cortuin sts.gec of t'h0 ,:,..tmos 1Jl1e r e , I of tor t 0ar thn care pae ni ne fro m Lex ing ton to Winchecte r , more t r: t.n tvrnnty miles away; an d now l hear d the bay of t he do g in t. he f't:J r a i s t an ce * but I ho ar a it u.nml r: tak ab l y. I c a.l le ct t o K . , who was lyin g (}ovm'! "I h oar a do S . n n_r.fo 11 said h0 , 1ti t i c tr.e vm"lvos again. '' .K11 , y ou c. r e a f oiil", s a ic1 l ; naon 't I kno w s 11 do f.: fr om a vrnl f'? • youre olf . a At ihength ho vms persuad e d t o nove ; and * cr&.wl ing u pon :tis ha nd s and knees , hn dr a ggEn1 hims elf to t h o tent ' s mouth . The mo on s hon o 1:lrie-h tly upcm hi s e &.:Pewae~R worn a n d relaxe d f eatures . h ave a ono t hB y:ork of b A mon t h ' s Bicknes e few ctcyD of lost hope ! C!OUJ.cl care n ot lie hoard. t he i?ai-Rt fnr· - ni n tant , faint note s of tho baying d og . Hope returned like a. flash of l i e;htning t o his foaturos . He s prane u p l:i.k e a. tlg er ; and , th:cov;i n g his &r ms a rounr.1 my n eck , c ried : 0 Arep ' t tl-.o~~o the swe etest so und s that eve r fe ll upon mor t a l ea rs'?" lii o app etit e ret urned , and he helpe d me to f i nish our l as t p ie co o f f o od . were off onco more . v.' e s l ept well , ani by light Lucki l y , we cam e u pon soli d ground , the j u.og les gre w l ess a nd f ar between ; an d , towa rd. ml oda.y , we debouched �( - 22G dcb,mched i nt o u :hi§:,l. rolling ~r a i rie , wr.0.re DGme h e r d smen had )_1 urnc: o t ho eui-l y gr :;,r ::l , r:r..;'I Y he r o ·,·.e f1rs t Bai,';• the mes~uite tro oa , anJ grass of t~o B·~e nam e . '.Che looks of :; ho::::c po. tcheG of e rowth a:r e r;o J.i ko an old poar;11p orch& rd i n s .h npf: £ind inter va l , thf1t for more than once v:re wor r~ s u1·e we bad ,mtero d the "se ttl ero r-nts~' and we r e near r;omc fo.r m- hou s ~ . We hu~ aeai n a l mort doubtAd t~c vorit abl e dog , wh~ n . mounting t r o top 01· c. :ro l l i n~ prhirj e: i, v:c; saw &f1 1r off h0rses , 1.rn6 e:r i, few ::}hn.dG- tresB, s wi tchin D away the :fl i es . Ey four 0 1 c l ock jr_ the a fternoon wo c a rno to R nnwli,:- innc1e l og co ttage ancl :f.'urroiard , v1hcr c we w0re t::i., pi ta'bly entertai n ed , gott in g p l en t y of 1-11ell - co0Jce d gc1rne , HiJg B , c.nd 1r.ilk from a coo l ep ri ng . und ti ilcver did. wear y t r a ve lers more on j oy a rr.ea.l bed . We muc t IH ,vo tro voled th: :rt11 o.r :for ty m:i. los +.hut J day; t.i n.d 1 h,, ,1 o;; t; .... . we lH.11·d wa.t:: 1:ru'l tor ne ar our l :-,t r, camp . t t!H t o:" so mo hen1sma.n or ):he man was i -, l it erate , nnd lmew no mo::t(::1 who:re he was in 7:e·'" :ts than we d i (1 , sn.v .e t ha t h0 wa,s un the ~rn r y verge of cj_v i lh;ation . So , n~newing our stores . and corditD.ly than)dn t., ana taki ng l nave of our hos t e n 11 family 1 our horr.08 havin.i; hacl a go od feod of Indian corn t nd oat s . we set out orio e more , g oin g rather wes t than tiouth- wee t , to orose a ll into:rv,=minf ::-itre nws a t neurer ri ght G.ng l e s ; wrrnn , stri kin g tr:e Ozar k Mount a ins , we would go d irec tly so u t h on h i gho r s r ound . Vie, mot no ve ry [;ro ut obst&cle s i 11 our route , not c a.rin e- to 1ohoot a.ny game ; ~n11, tho s t ro ams b&eo min g l os .- f1·equent , we began to s et ou.r course a l mos t du e s outh. At l e ngth , ono e ven j.ng , ~vhile th e s un was yet a bo ve the horizon �( .. 226 h orizcn , Y.re -z; nw the ind i c a ti ons oi' a s t:roa rn f l ow:i.ng, fro m wost to east ., un<l at r i ght angl o s to our course ; and s t il l nearer we founn a r a nch . wi s t c.1.bl o P- we l l fen ced jn . b,mne s f1nd y a :::-cl s t }i o. £.ill J1ejo ic i ng cnce mo re Lo en tor civi lized l ands , we ca.t'le up to t he fence; tind , th?owing ou:.r r eim, over t bo f ence - -posts , for there was a post - and · r a i l i ng fence around t he bui.lrl1ng r , we GOt dowD without ce remony , wher1 , entP-rint a sma.1 1 gat e, a man qui ckly ~ adva nce d f rom hie co.npo.nionsi , abou t ha l f rioz cn men lying 1it.t l eesl y on tbe gr ass , a nr1 tnet mo h~1lf way , having on a bel t i n whi ch t wo pist ol e we re s tuck . :But here l mun t g o back ne&r l~1 a c~ua.r t er of a c entur y in t i me I l on e before To YaS wa.c i ml e pend Ernt , an d while New Mexi co wa □ a Spanish p oAsec fd on , undcx· tl.e k i n g o f :.::pain a..-1d hh, viee roys . At tl-io.t Ume 1 thero was a c on - s i dera ble traa e c a rried on b0 t ween New Mexi co and t h a city of St . Loui s and ~Jlisso u:ri . The mer chants were all Spaniards ; an d , briguing gold and s i lv er, a n d fe w othe r arti el e s , f'loC1e c a r r i e d bac k hat s , c l o t},..s , etc . , to s ell a t home . ~ AB t h er e wae-/ \n o me ans of excha ng e the n but llle tal B, t hese wer n bou1.:;h t un der gua ..d ~ho whoJ.o route . AS n ow , ti1r mo~_; t aespe3rai:te and darine o:t' our peop l e be i n c; driven to the f rontier , a. project was c onc e ive d of murderine th ese carri ers , I E.ind a ppr or) ri a t'ing the go l d . Among tt ose we r e pe r sons fro:71 Aentucky and ot her w. tutes ; and t lle mo at da ring s piri t among them was sai d to boa man whom l knew well , as I had known him at s c ho ol , and un til we were both / �- 227 - bot h men . Mr. _ _ l eft X:~ntuck~ G:'lrly i. !l lifo . bu.t not before L.iB darj ns Gpi ri t wat: ,-:e l l kno·,1n 'by hi s ae r.1 0 .; i ~t cs . he vms un c.cr t-i i x feet . rather :.:·pure . tut wiry and runnc ular. V7r eGtl.i ng , and al l that . He was o f rather Gwa rt hy coc1plexi on , rlar k and flo \';'i ng hs. i r , lar g e und flnshinr; black Oj'GS , an d a hie;hly no r vou.s tf•mpe rament , r.ri t h a gl ance qui ok and ~, pe¥tn,.t ing as a ha:wk ' s . ~ i:.. merc han t by the nm_r113 0 1' Trb vi s , hi e fol lowe .rs . were t l.e f i rst victims; tho y way lai d h i m on the confin &.J of' Mi ssouri , then um.rnttJ.ed , a nd killillg him I and some of his o.mp lo~)e£, and putting a ll to f.lieht , they took arnl d ivi ded his go l d . Sou10 of them \\ 6 1 e at l as i; taker... and h1.m g ed. , ·t,ut th o mos~ e scaped; a nd tb.e lead er , as ru.rr1cr e oes , .!DJ' old schoo l-rnnte 1 was one of t hern . I haa not seen him for nearl y t wenty yea • s ; una n ov: he ctood before me i n th i s f a r - distant wild ,. with feature s i1s i'~mi liar ue if we had never parted . I r e c ognized him st once . us he d i d me ; and , calli ng each oth9r by name , we Bhook hands most 001-di a lly . P.o.ss in11 b y hi [J c omrades c a t J-w gr ::i.fis , wh o no ver 3l)Oke or mo vod . he took K . and me in to the ho u11e , and made rapid i n~ui r y a bout our destination . I tol d him wa were on our way to 1'.Iexico t an cl had been di ver te d from our re g iment to indulg e .i n a bui' falo hunt , an d we:re thon hea<i e d for Lavaca , where we ~oul d j oin tho re g i me,nt . Re Ghow od K. t he c r ib , wel l f ill e el with cor n , and the s tab l e , and. to l d him to p ut our hor . . es a.n.d mule up a n cl feed tl1em , b ri nging f il~s t our luggage into t hr; t wo - roomed c ab i n , which waG flunked by a ,smal l small �- 22 8 - smal l k i t c h en of hewn l o g ~. , of v--h i ch tho dWfJ l l i nc hous e was aloo made . On o o r tv,o mor1' £,mall liv.t ti d y bllU.d i n 5 n , which mi.ght ha ve boon a cmoko - ho ur;e or sto r o - ro oms , w0 r c a l l t he h vtWe ,, jn vi 0w . lie n e ver left me a momen t , but to r etur n ut cr..c e aft er f igi n e or der E'i to h i & comr ades and the oJ.d ne gr o woman , wh o the f amily . DH~ coo k , and the only other membe r of He s eemed to kr,o i.t· r. othing or c&ro nothing about t h e Me xi c a n war , and nov e r mention e d i t. .\:;ei t h er r:md o muc b a llus ion t o our oa.rly life, un(l n o <;ues t i omi b y o i th•~r party . 'hO T e anke d Eis c ompanj_onr ne v er mov ed or S!)Okc , whi lst we hud ;yet t i me to n e e t hem befor($ du.fk Be t in . '.i.'h e h o:rses wer e fed , ou.r hupr, er ordered and eat en by u c t.tr c e / only t an ·· a ft o r dark I s a w t hom 11 0 more . lilow-sver , I clos ely so:rut i n i~oa t ho i r fea t ui-os ; t hey s eemed genc r e l l y t o b e o tho r than Ame r icans ; s t out , bet:1s t;l y - l o0kine men as ev er "scut t le d Rhi p , or cut a t t r oc t ." And, ab ove vl l . I could see tha t tbey d i d not at al l reljeh our a.r rivul or co mpany . 1.\ nd , whilst the i r Captai n h ad , n c c'io ubt , i..n a, ·wo rc1 or two , por; t e d t hem a s t o who vvo were , a nd what our mi ss i on wtts . t hey s e em0d to have on l;1 a nu '.)..lch s coTTl f or us . domestic stock , n or wagons ; t hB I s a w no co rn . i f ra tm e d b y the banditti , boi .r.e: broueht en horfleback , n J do ub t , or taken ,.....-f rom t ho f ar s ott l ernon. tc • .As I sai d , t ho bu iJ.6 i r1ge an d one p o :3t - an a - r a il f ence , nearly s qu.r~ro , r es te d upon the jungle , on a the jungl e r.as water an d quick sand; fror!1 t he s outh to t he v ery no r th t h er e were none but lndj_a ns ; we s t , was t ho i :n termin a.b l e was te to the Roc ky .Mo un tains ; ea s t , hundreds �- 229 of miles mu •~ t be pass e d befo:r-o re~c i-1 111:_; o ivilizati on; and south , an 1. mpontra.ble jung l e . a. mile ,--id e , f'ull of r1u1c;c1-:;hnds • cut thflr. off fro m t ho n eurcr so t tl e1Ymts- on Lha t Fl de • .ngain:J t ln c'l i anr1 / and po lico nt t ~:.. cka , tho;y soerned se c ure . I t coul d n .; t bo t=:llppoBed tb. t these roueh r:icn , f'1tee p e<i in habi 1ual cri me , coul a approe i atc the s entimental reueona Tihi. 0 11 s ecured mo in the~ g ood officer.: of thet,/" l no dor . Sup ' er over, wo f:;aw n,v/1 more o f th o other rrien . n o bo de ; nnd 1 K . l)eing put Tb.ore were u pon a. b l ank0.t in en ;: room , ~&·;;.~ t he Captt1in and l luy dovm tooec t h cr, in the o t her on t11 e st..r.e buffalo ski ni • l doors , and l ai d t i;~ p ittols ob erved that he bar red the \·;j thi:i r oe.ch! liothin e was s a i d , but 1 saw at a gl ance tl in ~-•i tunt i on - h e v:a~, ,,. tandint; i n my defonco agn.irn· t Lt i=. bnnd ! There wee not a man i n 'biu fo l l owing who waf' not h ; r-· r_,u~,r, r ior in r treng th 1 but not one seamed inte l lect . r in r i va l in quic1rness of mo venwn t und They may have ha.d e quel coura.~e , but 'luio:.;:ness - other t hine•~ 1oi n 6 e 11ual - is t re 8upe r io r f o:r ce alv:ays , when arm_.c:1 a re m::ed . So I r e sted well tha,t ni ~h t . The nmrt mcrni n L early , hn vi n r; fed our horn es and b re u.;:~astod , b~ the tiesic t ance of our host , we ~ad,llod up , and s te.rtod sout h . The creek and wi de jUllt:~l e ro.n duo eaot , and we were instructed to f ollow the b i,.nJts n early a mile , wbe n a d i m path woul.<1 shor.- 1.lf. the c:roGsing . which , f'o l l oviing a. sl i e,htly b l a ze d tr &ce on t r.e- tre ns , le il u.s an a very tortuom~ way across the wi de fla t of trees , quicksunds , en d jungle . No t t r w"ting to K' B dis c :retio n , I h ua no t to l d him �- 230 hi_fa o f tlto h i r- to r:y n or t hE'< much ~. urp:ri 130 d a t t t G n i,.rl'i:.l n a,11c ,) .;.' c, t:i J!l . r }io i.:: t , v nd ho ';','ti.S 1'h o men l!D. d loft tho runc l1, e.ncl noP the p a t:r.,,a~, l e d : a.r u,p toward t r:.c sturttng .:-d.it:;hi point . not those ou t l.)WS CO!) Cl U(~e to 1till wi th or ni thout t he consent of the i r l ea~ er? to whn t mubuo ca dos air: o ti.r vmJ' lob.a us'? UB at l a.s t , i~nd where and .-, napG . ~er ~ l1nre we mi gl. t be p:!. eked off wi tho u.'c t 1:r: (';a.n [:; 8T. of a tlea th --E trutgle. I tol d hi re. t o t a1:c h j :· :.i:rM: &. nc/e ~cH:J iri re1;.diness ; I t)G.ing befo r e , Hilly i n the mi dd le , a J~d X. fo l lowinB up in tl'...o r oa r . l f I saw dange r . I vmB to jump o f f hnd h e waf1 tc fo l l ow, a:n.d each to make a <m i ermine d 1!-ef en s e. K., who h ad sho,•in so l i t t l o f or t itud e under un usual ::iou.rrotm,Enes . was pe:rfa c tly coo l an d cour a e ~ous whore men we ro t o be mot . h e rciadi l y a oce pt e a tl;e 0 i tun ti on . pu8Beu thE} juni;l e , ~m<} ~o Wo h ad more t l~ un half l ur ned our face s morH di r e ctly toward t he wouth, v/hcn , uei n g relteved of tt.e li t tlo op:prohension of danger whic h I had fe l t , l thought of goine; i nto thH oth er ex.tr,eae - from tragedy to c omo dy . Su c h i s hu.rna.n na tur a . Looki n f_;; bac k and. see in[; K., 'l.'Jit h comp r es::J ed l i ps an d quic k eye s canning e very bush , an d. pass ing ne&r a tree of so.:n.e size , I jumped of f , a n d :..: to a d viit h r i f l e i n hand .... lie , as by agre eme nt , 1:.t l so j umped off , an d b r ought r, is :rilf'e in poui t i on . ;/ I Rciua t to d dovm so tr,at l could s e e him under Bi lly ' s be ll y ; and , watch ing h i s in te nt e:XJ)r e ss i on , could n ot refrain from h a r d l y suppress ed l aughter . K• • n ot seeing anythin g , after s ome de l a~ , turned toward me , s a w my frw e , and. comp rehende d at once tbe s i iu a t i on . H'e 1,vas �( - ~31 .. was very angr y; a nd , movi ng 'll!) to me V P.TY r a.pid l y , t hreaten- ed t o use ext r eme violence . I sa j_d : ux.n, ~·ou arc a f ool ! clays ; i f yJtt Remer:1be r t he l oe t r.Jere 1,o k i ll me . you woul d new e r fj_n d the way out of tl;e jun gle ! " Seeing t riat 1 vmB c a lm . b ut in e, ooi! l1wuor , he bro1rn j nto a laugh , ruu1 11Jr:1i tted t hat I vine r ight . 11.. f te r a. lo ng trav e l , we ro ach ed t ho [,(-!ttl,•!ften t;s . ano at l en gth arriv e d at .ueVRCa. , who :!'e thf' r es-i mc nt h1.cl noli y e t got r eady to m0 v e wes t, after lesG t han a mon th 1 ~ abs ence , f'ully s s.ti i~fiod wit.h buff~l o - hu.n t ing . Divi ne nHture , r_owevcr fal len ; and tho eecret of my l u te L ont r, tnce , no defe nde r ' s ban i s:hme11t :remained with mo. doul )t , t hA purt ies , Lis 7.T:11 as K., a.r e dead ; an d thrt name s t all di e with them . ✓ invited by Gnnoral Wool to j oi n h1 R d o r ps ' d 1 ' a r m()o , go i n g north o f Gon eral faN l or t o Chihuahua , but t he si ekn erw of somo of my men p re vente d . At Cu.max-g o , Gene r a l Patters on offered t o t ake my comp!=iny to Tampico , whi ch I dec lined . At l engt h , order ed by tho Viar DeyartmPnt , vre t h rew away mon t o f' ou r c amp -e q ui page , t o make room f or wa te r-barrel s , which wore to carry us over the des ert, fr om the Hueo os to the Rto Gr :,nde . In crof;s ing tho lfoe ces Riv er, a na r row , dee p , f3wi ft st1'e am , r'le ha d but .a 1:J hak y f l a t - boa t . a I wa~ offic er of �( - 232 - o f tho df-3,y , t~..rnl <'l i r e c t i ng the mar ch . The wagons we 1e put i n Wi t11out. :rorseE ; and pushed u.p 1,hP o-ppof:i te rtce·p bank by 1'.1·1€1 men . As many of the rank and file were et111cD.ted men , use a to 0l aves e nd u.nmrnd to labor , we u ver had much t r ouble t o get the1n to p e rfo r m tho rj_uties of c l eaning t hfl c amp , and li1rn seemingl y menial d uties . The ~--;·hee l s 0tuc k in the mud , and 1;hc captains wore unab le to g et the men to push the whe e l c . So l went over; and pull:tne off my boots , and ro l l i ne u_p my p a n taloono , went to th0 wat er 1 s edge , and. , putting my r~hou.lde r t o tb o v;hoe l , I or. id. : command you to mov e np t his wae;on . n wago n wen t up l i kP- a top . a.bout the r:o:rk.(*vl ;T. " Soldier s , I All laut;hed , and the I never af'te r ward h ad a.ny trouble .,,p c--~ t1N.., ·1~,t4'til~ _,.) 1 / 1 1 '''\ *xx x'lo our v ete r a n Capta in . C. :vl. Clay , we wi eh to fH.lJ' our n::c:p0 ctn . v• o have soon h i1ri ti-ioil , a.nci. ne ve r "found wanting . n We r as:::ed t,he or de a l wi t -h hlm in tbe d~y s 01.' •.·he 1'True i',,nerioun 11 nev:s :pap (;Jr , we went througr, th0 ..:!.:.exio 1:n c,::1I1rp& i gn to g·o tt or , and he da.nced many 11 j igs 11 after the du lcet t1tndns of our n j ew~1J1o ~p . ',<'..)(~~e:-::inc ton , l oflO . (.; . 1'~ . Iioone~, Onc e , wh en 1 ¼Bf officer oi tho day , fired off lds gun 1n camp , contary to ord0rE . b &o ldior .r :r.oc1 e up to t ri o ccmpany , and inc1uired for t l1P ,leli no,_uent . , The smoke was nt i l l rolline ur in u l:l ma.11 cloud in the mids t of the com pany , s o every one knr:w who had fired the gun , but a l l rro foss e d j_ r.nonlmce . So I called the of :f.'ioer of the sua rd , a nd or der ed tho who le command to be put in the guard - tent The y a t ' once gave up the offender . . In t he g overn.m0nt of children , so l di e r s , and for the nl gh t . other s ub ordina tes , many small offences muo t bn a llowe d to pass unnoticed ; 'but . wh en there i s a co nflict of authori ty , t he s u.1)r 0mac y muBt be main ta ined at a ll hazards . c o l ored oor vants , havin g seve:ra.1 carbines s l ung On e of the 9Ve on h is sho uld e r , was , by the o i p_ ing of the b oa t , thrown o ver - �- 233 b oard . The g uns sent hi m t o the bottom . I •a w at once t ho. t , un l esa h e was a i de d , he wo uld be lo [: t ; eo l t hrew off my clotr.cs , bo i ne, a1roudy hal f und eess od , a n 6 pJ.unisc o in u11c1 d ived . un<' tr i od to find the poor fe l low. move d to a s s i l t mo. liot a mo.n ~e ne vor was seen aga i n . Be t \,e e n the :Nue ces and th o Ri o Gr 1:1n de th er o \"l er e gro nt dr ove n o'!! wil d horses . i n.cre d i l> l e ; bu t The numberEi would bn co nsidorea t:r.o ~:c '.~he hnv e f>een th e mi c r ation2 of wi l d pi geons , r e aching f r om bne ex treme of thA horizon to tte o t he r, a n d dar J.rnni ng the very heave:ns , can form sc,mo i de a o f t heir numbers . I amu ncc my:::,ol:f by pursui n t., them r:c raa ming a. t the top of ,ay voice , c.. nd onjoyint; t he common exc:.tcncn t . ..--,----They woul d run o ver buBhos , and th') no i:>1:1.l { Ind i P.n fig , } wr_ic h :he r e bee;an to Ui)D<~ar; and tr..o n oi oe was 1 i ~rn thn roa r of u tor na~o . AH a str~ n~r oL je ct ~p vearB, th , leariing tn$. l es adv !:tnoe to t h o front , an,i the \', :in.'..:~ oi the lino , incline d backv; urds . inc lu c1ef:l tLo :fomal os a.no the yo rmge r horse s . i,hen t,i,e l ea ..;or& gi ve t Lo Gi 0 n Gi' retrco.t by l ou d s nor ts . ttey all t s.kf' io lhlii t Lo elf, . ore , es in &11 a n i 1:ul nut ur e , tr~c l eaae:r rt.ip i G on tho po.rt of the mu l es . L e t t bc \kmen ' c rlc;hts .Peopl e !,1:1.k:0 n ote . Tho Bo horso u a r e t_,l,nc:r·o. l ly b o.y s . but 1,ome a:rc, b l &ckn unci 1:.,rayr . ·, i th thei i r l ong f.l n d f l owin & mtiinc E1nd ta j l e . t r.e ;;- form a p i e t ur e o que a n d g r an d appear a nc e . Thn Coruan chos uso them f o r sadd&e an d dr a u.eht o f th o i r tents ; an d are very fond o f t hem f or f ood.• Knov. i n e, that v,il d t urkeys f:ro11u ont ec a l l t hP wator c ourses . onG aft er noon , t uki ng nzy r i fl e , I d i verg ed fr om the �- 234 - ma rel: of t :tc re gi. mo n t a l o ni a Junt; le , t1.nfl ro on f onn d u flo c k . I t ie rl my horc e t o the l;r::v.nbb er~l i an d , on te rir, 6 t h o dr y chann e l o f th 0 r s.vin o , v1ho :-:D a 11r up t ba.nks c a me t o my s lrn ulde rs 1( I ad jus t e r my gun , anct bec;a n , v:i tr. rIJ.Y Wj. n e; - h on e of th, t ur k ey k i ll e el o n rn~- 1 ct.t.C&l o - llunt , to c a.11 . l ' !\ 'r. \I. ' f\ oon I wa s '\ \. \' I, r e 8 pono<1 t o f r ~l .,, s e v o1td. ,1 i r e c ti ons ; but on e t uri{ey e s1>~ Ci a l:f~ l seeme d tc · n nw or r.1~ cal l , a nd a p 1 roac h mo st e nd ily . 1,uen ' 1,., seemed su. J'f j c:l ,.n tl.~1 h c1:::,r • 1 • t ,, ·\ I t fo r a shot , I h ea.r n. n ,o c l iok of I I. '\ ' t r.0 f o r ost ~ s o I a t one ~ 10 1, e reu m:,; he ad t r1l o w the ·t ;:1.i1k f, , an d r an for my :ho r se . On moun t 1ne; , 1 s m1, coming out of thn .jungl e , abo u t t l. -r-ce lnu1d.1·e d y a:rd t:, i-ie l ow, a n uml,er of s a vage s on h o r s e l,ac k in I rn,1 a n c r os a e d a l! ov e , a n d wo rn n or,· ' fj \YCt3 1. le . :Ph e :re:-.:,i m0r1t bu d of t he tj11r....: lo ; u. , -::1 t l os e lndt an s we r e , no Jo ub t , rooving iurth r:J" e.-:1.s t , t o rnak: e L'l o:ro d i stc.n ce botwoe!l thrJ f orce s . 'i'lrny h ad ob ,ervcd the a:ppi-o a c.h r o l' t h e r oi-;i me n t , o i' co ur :.r n , a.J1d ;, Oen me f:t.l s o ; ,:.n d . who n be 0 an t o c a l l , t h ey return e d t he we ll - i mi tated cheeps of th e t u.c key , a nd 1 was in the v ery n i cJ:: o f teine sh ot . When I was s ea t ea . 1 gave a uefian t ye ll to my EH-wage f oes , and rode off at :ful l gallo p t :i foll ow ,t h o n1gil!ltmt , hav i ng Rome f ea.1· tha t I mi g h t b e r..eacl od o f f ; bu t I e s c ape d •. }'lh en i t v:e.r, pro po~: ed to r e peal t h o l aw o f 1 833 , p r ohi b iti ng the home s l ave - t r a d e , Thoma~~ F . :i ar s hal l ,grote some o f t ho a 'bl est pap e r s of: hi s li f e a e a ins t s l a ver y , wh ich v1ero :pu blis hed i n pamphl et f or m, and v,i de l ~ c i r cu l a t ed; but; , whon t ho ques t i on g r ew s eri o us , he p rove d a ren ega.de, nnd turneo1 with t h e u sua l ·v i o l e nc e of such !Je r f3ons , u p on h i f or n: er a llie s �- 235 - alli n s . When o membe r o.f Ooncre~1s f rom . the Louie vi l l o distraict , abo ut 1 842 , he le C'i U,n asi-;ault npon Jor..n Quincy .b.d:.,.ms , t~o c hampion of the Ri ght of J:le ti t i on . Tho [,allant old .Pur i t~n chd'eated t he com.pira. tors ac;ains t Amerii!an liberty , anc ci;gnally dha.st i s ed :,.iarsha.11. Whi l s t tho resol u t i on f or i.dtms ' s expulsi on was pondin5 , h e wo.s i'urnhhed with j _t arshall ' u pamphl~t , anfi r<Hi d extra cts from witho ut ti ving the n.rune ; and . when he c1uote d the famo us c onclu ~ion of Knr ~nall ' c ra r al l cl betwe en free Ohjo and aleve Virginia - " Curs e on the tynm t h .rrnd. wlr1.ch planted. t hi s dark p l ague - spo t upon her virgin bo s drm: n - 111S.rshal l ' s n arr. e . to tr.e ,.o~·t of' Southe rners dem.,nc1in0 U:e u1ithor , was ~i ven . Tb.9.t wao tho lut; t; of ~.fa.rshall in th e i mpeach- ment case ! In the rneon time, ha vi n~: re tume a to his nativ e county , r, oodford , in the ia~~ctte or Olay ni strio t , he l e d the ruob f o:cces ugainst t!le , v:afi e qually vio l rant , un truthfu l , and unocrupulous , and ultimat ely met 1.,he same fato as h e '\ d id in Cong r oss . 'l' . .Ii' . ::furk:hall ' s hexedibary <. and the t e1·ro r of J ohn u. for his asrmul tfl upon me . V,arine I l, o f th e Cl a ys , h t:,. tred hul ter , wer e f'O!'.!le e.xcus e But his coward i c e, an d solfish purpo:, or: of r i rlinc upon th~ s torw wh ich he crea. ted , t ook a way my u s ua l magnanimity toriard lIIJ' po li t ica.l en mies , a nd f i l led mf'wi th Aenti ments of im1>J.e.ca.bl e r esentment . So , when I f o un t! my el f a Cnptai n of a compa n~ in the s &mo r e g i men t wi tb him, I knew th at M. s in s ol ent bearing woald soon g ive me a n Op f ortuni ty for v en g ean ce . Col . Humphre y ars h a.11 was an ami abl e g ent l e man , and a l l owe d the sol ~i e r s to �• - 236 t o change f.h f, i r Captoins . T. 1!1 . 1a.r s11a ll ' "' mon joi ned 111J' ccrr1r,ony ; imo t be r;e:i-·mis ::,ion wa~ v: it1:dr &..\ n , us hin cous in . us . Onde :r thi A ar:r,1gnem,n t , sevcro.l of j_t wm: l i ~'.e l ~ t;) deple t e tr.c ranks of :l!his oc curenc e but ae;gr a va. te d t h o f'euo be tween One e venin g when I waG of' l' i ccr of the dey , an<l t h e guar d- t ent was full of Do l dj_e:rs for nev e rn. l off ancos , os 1>eci a l ly dr unkonne s~ , Ton came jn a l so d runk . I i mt!ied i at el y repo rted hi~ to t l~ Colonel , ~hu touk no noti ce of it . So , return i nt, to t}.e r;uo1 d on ho:r·se1 a ck , I e aid., i n a lo ud t one . so that 11 the r et, imen t could hear Captai n ~ar bha l l h as or der s , n '..;01·ed t hn camp ar un k , contr a r y to .hs he i & a llowed tc go un1;unishe;d to hi f> tent , I or-a.er you to dL,cLo.rgo a ll t l:.o c:n :t'orce, so far c ump . 11 i t ; "Officer of t ho guar d , , >O ~b r risonors ; a: , L i nt en d t o I l~avo the power , o quttl t he p r isone rE Yrnr·e released . ,juf: t i c o i n t.hi A ~o1 . ::~re hal l t ook n o no·L ioi e o f it ; !:l..nd t l.G r o t,us n0i, for co enou.gh in his poY;ror to ht v e 1nmis hod me . pop u.la r Vi i I thus be c ame mo1·e than cvo r t h ·the :re gi ment . Whon we r o ao.i. ed t ho v,est bcn:i-: o f t.i. e r,io Gr .:.nde , l had a.l r o a o~, pi tcl,e d my tont , 1:.1.nd wa::i aid i nB my :'.Je n to s a ·t up thei r i, -wJ1on Mur shul .l ro de clown t.c\~s.1·d rm . ho h&d mi u t!:ik en mi no for r~i:.. c0mptrny, a s 1:le \7tlf' .L ;- ,1_ppose , r·ome\vh&t be h i n d ,"' I sui d to h i ra: " Th i s i e 'f:lY oa.mp- gr ound , Ca.pt ai n Mo.rs hs.11 . " k Whe r eup on , ~ n t5 so me i nsu lti ng :remark , b e tu rnecl up on h i s hore o . I f elt no1.·1 the.t m~ OP:-o:rtuni ty h a d at l a.s t co me . So, rapidly aa vancing , I Gci o to him : "Marsh all , g e t nown ; wo wi ll �- 237 - wil l se tt l e our olc1 foud n ow . ,r ·he a t t et1ptA6. t o cvad e tr.I) ismie by ~-e,y j ng : " Hell , at unutho r timo . 11 Su. i d I , " fo r men V}to ,,ct1.r uuords i s n o1,i . p l oe. . .h.t 1oxint,ton . v:hcn ncn , 1.'";0m0n , 11 '"ThE> ttmc , " ''lt woulcl &nd cl1ilciren wens to i,e ri oreb:coilec'i. ' h:t.C 1<1t1.rcle:r od , yell h nd no ncr ,l-1iles i n c t-t.lline for 1.: l ood . ' v-;ero l ookers on . By t h1,' t .i mn t l.e v:h ole r ccJment t>o , (lrh\Jing m;; rword , r,l. ·er :.f.'l uf'l.ea. t:ts a stmbo:.1m , I advc.r...cc · -:.1.pon £.iri . 1..0 t 1,.:rne d J-.ir hHce , i.no rctroutei.,"t in t.J1t-, dlre ct i<H of Lie co 1,,l ,ny ; 1·he :·c , gctt j_ng hi.~ r,i["to lc i n ill•·· h o l:;tcrr , }_c retur nee' er. h ir, .r or co . t hen l saw J-.h: :ru.::e , I e nt or (ld my tEJni. . w}l!'r c I Jrn pt I lWajlr- l oo.d ad u nyoldid puir of uue llint pir.tolEi ; l.nd , .-,i th ono i n ee c h r~o.nc: . i. l:rot o: c ,Jclrod , l 1.,. dvanced cnco more , s ay i nc:. r.e!.d;;· for y ou. 1' hit- ten t . Tho O tlt "I d 1· d n o~~ Gay , / am 1lar f: hall turnc (J uce.j _r; , and re t r e~ ted to G umo r vcnj nc; he threv, h i ms elf i n to the Bio Grande . une. t r i ce: to drovm r.imi:;u lf . .fi 3hed hi ,·) tt r tut , t:J-en the men h a lf O:rownod , v1ith cr:i.r.i hwior ' h 01 p · me C,~~91U 0 , !)8 Ol)Wla.ime d : or 1 oink ' - i'lii1 I , ·boys ? '' My swor<l h>;1ppcnd to ' o o f 1'i nc metal t.r:. <"i t om.:-ior; ~n (I 1:1r. , at t:-.o ho t Sprl n~·o . in Ar kw-ifH:1.8 , I ht.d procu re ~ o ne of th e ir noted ":"he t ukrne ~ , or L,n,.;s , at leur i:rilf> 1~.J,,Tf:: , l • tarpcnod m;y mvord till i t :..oro n razor 1 1;; Cl&O • I a lways hato d. 1~har.ns of a l l r:ort s , a nd ,,anted a. s:.ora. f or pos . .: il)lc UBo , and n ot mer e l y fo.r ornar:10n t . Thh; fc.c t naa come to T. F . Marshall ' s oar s ; fo r , in e,:cuse for his coward ice , he f:!a.i c. I bore t he ohar poned sword of un i.lS:Ja.c s in . -t... t al ""i e ve n.to,.. �( - 258 - Thus fel l Thomt.J t· l . :.::urshall . :pr-Jsoner , J umo s f:- . .Before I was ta.ken ,Ja ckcon , in a dua l, s~ ot &na v,o ,l'ld.ec1 bim . '.I.'hoJ were antipodes itt oh1.1,r e c t0r ; and. , Jackcon boing my vi.nd i oa tecl . I scarred h:.8 soul , a n d Jackson h i s body . lie 8l nep0 i n h is n fati ve State in a drua}~o.:cd ' r. gruve w11ich no s to ne rru.1rl;:J:h S,pri:nt'; 8:C.6. ::mmmcr c:orw an d £ 0 . 1fo flowers chnJ.l ove r t-loom , or tev.:r c !.'a1 l , upon hi.e ne g l ect ed asbos ; fo r , to hj "' r-e lfii.=;h 1.-.J_,l, ttio n , h e betn1.:,7Hd t he li"oe rties o f th 0 hf mt-1.n r ace , ttn-1 r.. :Lf memo r y ~.hru.J :rer t in darknesH ~ae¥e !' foTevor ! hI:r nb iblie a nd. gallant friend , J e.a,eL ~; . JnokGo n , hand~1vme ph:i:~; ii_._u.o , -.:;,i t1l a. .fru-.Dk , fJ0x ible anc winr.in t .face , he was a. man for r.ier: to c.1.dmirc , ,.nJ wo;wn 1.0 uaor e . l.i:ctu rning 1'rom .:.tloxic o , wh ,~ 1·e Le sev era l a.F g oc d service , irn wut3 ti. m'.) c el s e to d to tho Cone ress of t he Uni tad S t ~t es . V111er, tr o Civ:l V.' e.r l)rok8 )ut , he took .. is rig ht p luco in th e Untox1 ~.~rmy; r::.nd . as Gono r a l , a t t he hee.d o f his b r i gad e , in t he bo. tt l o near Lab anon , Ky ., ga l lant l y fo l l in d e f en s e of h ' hi s country . K on tucl:;y r..as o.lroady raised monume n ts in memory of some of her illuo tr1 0...:.s dead . '.I1lrny who "' b :·uclr to de"'troy t he Uni.on of t h ese "ta t es are now the fuvo:red ones ; bu t time wi ll c ome when her true hero es shal l bo .re c og nized and �( - 239 t rJe i r deeds of pat ri o t i e□ inocribo d or: rw rbJ.e ancl brc.ss , and t hen t he n u.me oi' J u.mos t~ . Ju.ck con wi ll noi, i> <) .foJ'.'c;ott en . \'\ Go n :.:r•ll-1 Taylor , hnv i n fJ fo uDht ami gei ned hls great bct t las e ~st of ti,E~ :?..i o Gr a nde , :.mil csp~ ·<;d '·iont oroy , rms vu1s m.'.:mouvcri.nG t o cLr:ck l. i s r,opul::-. rit y anii fe.w.o . v1hici: e;ron diu1 ge :ro u r· t o pt.:.rt;r- hacku, b;,r uakint~ the t1:Lvers i on a nd ad.v l:lnu i ne; Yl i tL thH nain a r my bJ M1;y of Vora Ur t1z u pr;n th e 1 / Ta;ylor rece ivea r.ie vlit t s r est lcL1.clne sz , c:.pi tr..l of ~fox ico . iw a ll t hB otbe:c e;o n::r a.l had jone ; ano irivit e d me to d.i no At the h _1u.:r n amed , I en~ ercn h1£ t rmt , c;xp e ct i ng wi th h tm . 1 to find , ~t lea st , pl enty of c ood thing c , i f n~ 5r0at c eremony , as the c ountry wus ,.:l fruitft1 l one . :Gu t I s;:1t norm ·wi th t ho p 1 Di :nJ.y dress e d h€lro b e fore hJ s c urn p - che st , &.nd s a lt - p ork , 11 p,1 rto ◊k of :b.ard - tack , 11 ane1 c amp coffe e , with t he 0 onoral Hnd hi s e t a f'f . amon.; wh om was Colonel l:!l i s s , h .i s a i 0 anrl. con -• in-l a w. The Gener ttl was n o pol i tic i an , but my h i s tory was n o t unkno wn t o him, o.n d e spe ci al ly t o Co l onel Bliss * >i<Here , for the f in, t, a nd onl y t ime , l saw J 0. f J~e r s on D1.-.tvis , v,ho h ad a l so rrtir, r r i ed Oon u n.d '.i.1a ylor 1 b daug hter • .l!'or , t 1.0Ufsh a n at ive of is..ent uc lry , ho h od early ih life mi g1·ated t o Miss i Bayti ppi . Davi s wa.s n o be tt er and no wors e t .ruin the otho:c r eb els ; u.rH.l , cinoe 'l1h0i:ru.>.s A . iie n nricJrs i s elected to a vo s t of ho-..:1vr , Davis deserves a lik e r oc ognition , i f t he Gonfed erate e ar e t o remain r,n rman8ntly Jn 1,ou,rer • :For , of' ul l r:.cn in 1..mer 1 c a , Hendricks l east aeserv o s ho.nor f '11!D'Ill t he Nati on . - C 1 88 5 ~ , I Wall d eta ched f ro m t he ro gi ment; and. , wi t h iilajo1· Gui n e s , an u t.wo co~panions , was s en t at onc e to the he ad ;;if' t h o co l umn , a t Sa l ti~ , wher ,: Gen or a l Wm. c ommand . o. Butl e r wc.s i n li or e , a l so , I war: wel l r ec e ive d , · an d put in the a dv ance d ou tpos t s , •r<·hils t the r umor ed ap ,.,roa ch of Ean t a Anna' s ✓ �- 24 0 - .z'..nna ' s ur my wat--:. a.,1ait cu . 'itr...i l rt horo , Gennr al ,Johns . \', i ll.i ams , then G::1pt1..ti n oi' tnfnnt r ;; Vo l unteu r s , c rune t.o me , tol d me h j s co ,p:.illy vmB in l' t; vc lt , :--na ::,skeo. rtJJl .i,;OOd offi ces . I saw t he cor!lpsn;y , tol et t'hcm of the dnn e;er of dj s o1Jedi ance of or de rs , :::..nd pr: nmaded t :hom to :r8 t ur n dt a. Flhi ls t P-.:t tho advance d outpost , c1 i, o d uty , wt i ch they sin~l l yj_l l e.ge , l waP , o i cow: se , forc e a to be very , ,tri c t in cnforcinc; or der s . On o o:f my c o.:npuny , J rune B Ga.llagh er , a very lar ge Irir,hmun , di8 01Jo yin g orckr :.. • a.no t:i.. ing insu 1 ting l a n r.;nnee , l gave him a t onc o n ue ve re saber- Ll ow f.i.Tld wuuncl in tho f a ce , whi c l1 b rou,Ght him to or d.c r . waf"" r at'J:1e r a poo r weapon fo :i: t.i.JHW.'e r :for a. H. nH:: t to ~~ c-::tt , t h u i.::.gt, i t rnieht wel l ~ ? ., G& in us , .'i3u.tler The ur my regu l i: tion cabe r t ,Jrn ;:~ !"..:nal l \ ' UO H lV - trlb· · . ·"" ora.GrJ,. . y Gnri . ·:<,,.m ;_,, • force and c;cout in tho (:jrE·Ct ion o i' the n ote :'! }1l~d Emo:.i of J:n c :::r nt.. cio n , ::::Glectod 1no &.o h i s Ca_r,.;tuin ; :u..nd al lowe d rnc to cbocoo tl:-.e m~;n . l took about t htrty of the bc~'t me n frolfl ny 0"\\11 an d oLh er- co.n1, anj_c:;1 ; unf , wi th ' ~f_ew dqy s ' ~atj ,Jnr. , r-rn,t cut ·•.i tf: roy c ommc-.n~1 1/'il.1.f".►1" €1t.1.A..v.J..A u . .~tt,,1.,"'""" 'M r;,t:tlt~ ,.':l. tJ¢-tA,'"4 ~ I ~;.,,:..t t4. (J Th ero woret Yi.an!! vj_llur:;o'sT in tio r du to of n1ou.t a.ne hund rod '! ,,._.... /4-v.:f- mt les , r)Ut l a l ways c wri1)ed j_n t ho op or: pla i ns , v1h0 r c our hJ .:-1.;e1, cou .'. ,1 got :.:n~z r:; ;_.;n' 0a<Jh man wv:: nea:r hi2 t e tbc r ea hor''e , so us to mou.Jrt Ol'<1tr Fe d to s leep ;;1 t on c e , und be r ead.y for fight or fli ght . 1:,:~ we wer e on tho bes t hor s e s , and coul d out r un any 2l.e ;, ic an cava lry . Wi thoul; ad ven t ur e , r1e en t er e d on the th i r d day , i n the l .:,:, t e a. f t ornoc n , t ho r..a ci enda ~~ of Rn c a rn a c i on . ~J '.!.'h i s h ~c i on da , th P prope r t y of a. l an ded pro - . pr i e tor , . - a le.r e c 1H i ck bt1i l di n g wi t h stu ccoe d walls , a nd a �( ( - t~41 - a fla t roof , s i ~ilLr l walls \'H:Ul pl a ntored . - JI.,,.,, In extension of tho A. a qu.a.d rnn gul a r cou:rt - y&rd , i n v:hi c h our ho rse s \•rore co r r o lle d for tl~o nt gh t . Around the fl a t ro of was a wal l about four fe et high , wit h port~·h oles for r.1uH ketry . Tho heavy doo rs , ul so , h ad s:.:i l i ent : n t l o s in tr.o vn~ l l s wi th simila r por ~o r a ti ons f or defense - a ll inten ded ao a f'orti f ie a t i on a.f:Wi ru> t 1·ob1)erR, whc infe st a ll :~e -·-i co . Th e own e r had hurr i edl y des erte d tro pr~n: it.co , leaving r·omc h ous e h ol d :; tores ; a!'ld Dr . So l on Borl and , a :.1a ,j or from Goncrul Woo l' s (~om,1and , wh o had sent him a l f'o :m a ocout ing pu r t y , was o.lret:.d.;y i. r pof' t:ost~ i o>1 , lia v i. n5 i u t L tel,Y a rrived • • :.:; Bor1 ~~11el r a.nke d Gai ne e , ho ae: umc d le gal ly t he corn:·1a na . I pr otos ted cur nefJ tly ug~ ins t c runpint i n t h': h1.,.c i ends. . They sai 6 t her e wa8 n ot a ~~ x icnn ~o l di e r i n f i ve h undred tii le s of us ; a.nd d 0ter mined to e~t . d rink , a n d ~ o me rry. Thrtr c ot.n·s o v1aG Utf'. im~t a ll £n. i lttnr;; r ulo und corru:non s cn s e1 /or a man who hac the l.lii.vc n bf others und e r his v:i l l an d a ctio n , i t, boun d to t a k e a l l J_Jr eca uti o nfi for t he i r s a fe ty. and l0 twe n othi n c to chance . Bci'id e s t hin , i n e.n en emy ' s c ountry , the y ner,l e c ted to p l aco o. l)j cket - guard i n t he le u.d i ng roadl3 to the h uc i c ncla ~ ana . :i.n f; te ad . pl nccd the ni gh t - t:,m;1. 1:dr. on th1:1 roof of tt:(' t om~e . At da.y- b reuk , the a l a r m was c;iven o f the cn f'rn:y ' s ap)r oach , and a l l callee'! t 0 ~rms , wl:c r c we : t oad til l 1..ho r-,un l ifte d t he fo g from th e ,1; l ains , f.m:· we found ou r :·el v es e uTr onn de d 1>y th o thr oe t hous an d of Gon . :«inon ' ::1 r egular •lle x ic on Ca.valry . Gai nes who and Dor l a nd ha.ct tr eA t ed my p r o te::_1 t wit h c on t empt , wcr e n ow " as / �( - 2 -12 - aB r eady t o c omo t o mo fo r i- 0l1i ; 1:m d , ;:: urrondorin ~-: tr~o co m.se nd to me , took pl ace s i n the ranks . i1e wer e se vent y - t wo man und officer s , a ll t ol d , ~1 th a very l imited ammuniti on , vri. t hou t wa t e:r or forage_, .for our hor s e s . sur r end e r, t r(-m , wa r-; onl,\' u (~UeBtion of timA . A 1 a t on ce ordered t ho doors barri cadd ed, the mo n upon tho r oof, secure u pon the por e.pe t ·wal l s , and haci t he ir. t c r i or pnv e rnent s t orn up and c a rri ecl ab ovr1 to as 'ht; r:.;s mi risi les ; af: our a.imnuni t i on wa!l ve r y limi tc rl , anc'i vre b.d no cunnon . As s oon a8 .i t, w~B l i ~ht , ~vlinon ord e red l: i. r t r oopf: t o di 0mount , an a on f oo t ad va nc e to t ho ctormin~ o f the quad i fort . Lone b0ams , cut f ro m treas i n tho ne i &h1or hoo d , v1e re ca :cr i e d by the 1: ol d ier 8 as l;&t t e rin b r 1:.1 ms f'o r th e l'i oorH ; am1 the troops on fo ot , wit h c arbi nes i n hand , und er t ho command of Colonel Mender.a , wero ad vanced to the a t t a ak . I g t, ve or der s for tho men to r ,rn ervc t h0ir f ir e , till i f ir e d tho f i r st sho t . 1 , t hen , r~l on i, of a l l our force , sto od p i s t ol in han d , wi tl. my s ho u.la ers and he~H'l ox1Josod . No ot her persons had b een s e e nj n o r could t hey know , exc e p t fro m their r-;couts . our tru<➔ numb er s . ~he battl e - cry of the 1"10 .-. i c a ns t hat day v:as "Aris t a " , to which I responded "~tlnwtln At Al amo , in Te~as , und er San ta Anna , where David Crooke t d io d , <:1 ver y man vm'~ k ille d but one , who e sc ap ed ·by some means t o tel1 of tho terr i b l e ma s13 &ere . The Mex i c&n s ver y -.1 011 k.ner, thn t Al amo meant n o ,~ urrend er, but war to tho d ee. t h. Th e enemy h ac1 a l r eady a d v anced �( - 243 ad va n oe d ;:;i tho C:.)lone l thi n 1·)i s t ol- eho t , I he d d f-, tor mi ned t o f i re u pon 7 ( l ·was ~u re of kj_lling h irr~/ wr,o hu.d ad vanced o l c so up to hi E men , on ~ s eemed to bo urgi ne them to the a.sr:uult . At onc e a whi te i'lac was They he s i t nt ea . r a i s ed , a n 6 the forv:ar d movem::nt rci to pp ea . '.L 'her e v,a,s i.n Bo:r l >-, nc ' r comP1a ~H'i a man n amed. .i.lcnr;y , who lu:lt'i 'he •m r-1ad 0 R priG0 n 0r at :,lier , on t r.o .rii o G-r t,nc e , be fore t l:o 7mr , nncl now us e c1 as 1:,.n t n 1,er p1· 0 t o r , ~:,c q aai n t c d wi th ,r,-a,g t h~) o oun Lry , e.nd ~peaki n g the ~ps.ni s h l a n guage . The o fficer bearing t .he Y,hi t e f lag ~ on a pp ro&chl n t_; , tle r:ic.nct ed t he :;; urr ona.er . ·110 stlid : 11 ~end u c ~:. major , t he r a nk o f our c omr;;onder, a n d v;e i.v ill b,ea r you . 11 S oon the lki,jor came forwor d , wan a dmitte d i n to the cnclo"uro an,1 de ta ine d , an d Ma j or Ga ines sent to n e f;ot i at e term s . fih en Ga ine f> r e tur ne d , we h ~d a co uncil of mir; ar,d , a . ur r end er bei n g t1 ee me d ti, necess i ty , Gt-.i n0s vil&S Gen t t o c onc l u o. c t er r.-LG vri t h Gene r a l ·a n on . :l.1ho t r c ~ t y y;ar, thu" concJ. ua ecl :. l Bt . The most hon ,, ra.blH t r eatme n t aE; pri uoners of vmr k n o ,,TI t o r..£_ t • ons . 2d . 2ri vata prope r ty to b e s trictl~ r eope c t e d . 3d . 13..' r;.o ,;exican gu · (' r, to re c ,dY c a f'Hi r tr i a l. i rJ th+> (d v :l courtr, . Un d(•J' thir: trea t y . v:tich \'iU' l ver bal , in th e })ro s ence o f Witn0 s s eo , we ~mr rnnd er Hcl., about t •,:elv e o ' clock en t he 2:;;d duy of J a nua r y , 1 846 , a bout a mon th before the br~ttl o of Buen a Vi sta , v;h i cl1 was a.bou t one !mnctred miles i n our rea r . majorsGaines a nd Horl a. nrl we r e a llowed t he ir , side- ~ r ms , h orsot; , t,n d 0 1:upage ; bu.t no othe r s wer e a llowe d A t he ir ho r s es or ,, r 111s . Colonel Mendoza , wi t h t rue ol d- t i me Spani s h �Spani Rh riJ.agnamimi ty . se o i nf mr left afoot 7g ave cir: u very g oo d Hio· i can h o:r i e. nm:i:n _:; tho l)NJt , ns he rnti. <'l , in honor o f my f',E lla.n t conauc t in tre n e frm s e . 11y pir:tolf' were doli vored u p; bu t my wat c h , a n,, Aotne oth er a rticlAS of vo.1 ue , l e ft \'Ji th mo . ThuB porfohod a l l my h ope s of fume (!Ur in e the wa r • .lfo thing wu:.:; le ft Clo but thl'; ovo-r f u i thful duty . a .i s chi::rge of And so , i n the courne o f .lhite , my li fe was spared ; un d l c 1.me cut of my up 1)[,ren t rl i f' Lr ,• c e \.iit h .ij_lOre h onor and Be.i.Or f.l I.he v,~r . Lr.r:: rostlcno , l m?le st"> , fr .) nt i Grs - men of Tcxa~ m&do a foray u pon th0 ..,.e: i con tom, , Mi e r , on The Texan~ wer e defou tea , at~ mud o pr i ~ oner s , t he nio Llr a n de - amone; r;hom 1n1.s Uapt &i n n amed Ol dha m. enry , an d a l s o a countrymtill of mi n e lie spoke ::, pa.ni::,h tole r e.bl y we ll . Tho prl f,o nors we r e c1eci mated , every r-ian draw i nt t:t.e ten th b l a c k boan b oing ahot . hen ry ~nJ my cuunL r ymun esc ap ed death , but were t aken on to".":ard :..0xi c o , to S~l a o , \':here they ro " e upon tho f;Ul'..Lrd , k ille d s or.1e , tmd e ' c ap ed - ' so:ne o f ·v he m, t hr oug.r incre d i b l e h ardsh~ps , Lo tl-ie Unite d S t ates ; b ut the mo~~t of them wer e rec ap tured , a.n d confined i n the pr i s on of leroto . Thill& s trong i'crtr ons Wb.!:l liuilt c,f :-:: t one nnd ad obe , -r:ith a wi de dl tuk unc1 ontc r Viall, day and n i e ht , by s ol (Hor s . ~d·1c.. wel l. 2;uurll ed , .1.' he se men, s ee i nt1 death 1 thr.ea te ni nt, them for t he ir sec.:md o ffense , s ome of them made a s uccei.rn ful e s c a pe . The f i r~., t Look up the paveme nt of �( - 245 i t to the v~a ll , of tho IJrifmn l'l oor , and .:JUL; a bole und. cr wh i ch t:hoy nenrl;y open oa • 1 0:_.v i n ; only an oute r b~1rri or , which c ou::i.ci &. t onco b G rcmo vod . 'Chey s l ept up on 1 l r~nko t s and r-;k i ::rn up on the f loor ; un d , uprcan:i.ng the debr is und er t h(rn:1 , c onceal ed t hem untiJ. t h(~ f inn l n i r,h t of e nc upo . Of t:r-10 1)l an :kot s and spar e clcth i n c; th0y mad e a ro po long en ou gh te reach ovor the outer wal l . In tho meantime , t hose of th o le ast daring , doelinin g the oi f f i o :1J.U.es un d dl.'i..n gers of ecc apc . WG re t n t h : ha.b i t of play i n g noisy c;runes , an d s int;ing ~-:ongs to a t t ract the r,enti nels , who were r e... dy enough to waus e tlHH!lf-elv e s by l oo k ine, t hrou&,11 the Upon a dark , sto:rmy ni gh t they vcmtur ed. prison wind ov:s. ov.t , l':h i l ct tho men hiside were unusual ly d iv ort1ng , and , t he t y i n g f.l atone=• to r ope , thr.ov: it ove r t he vu; l l ; t hen , l if ting the rns el·v e s u p , sn.ilor - li;~c , er; c a ped . iiy country:nan Henr y waB among them . ne f4rly : tarved , un {, :. u f l e:rcd g reatly for qu, he :pl a ced no .me po b bl os in his .r:Jou th t o cool his t onf,'110 , when , to hin ,_.re ...,t joy, h e foun d a 8!'1'lnl1 ...print, s ee pi n t:; tliii!OLlgh tho s&.nc1 aril g r avel . rea che<l 1.i:exas . r.i:Jrn,· refro~:fr oa , h e mt:de new eff orts , an d ;fow , v:ilen v,e t·ur rend er ed , Henry was r e c og - n it;ed, a n (1 : .: cvcro l y r uc s ti cncd , no that h o was ,: o:re l y tro utl od . i'e1.1.rin,_ t h 1::. t hA w0u.1 a be oho t . As 110 r, a s t ho on ly man of our f orc e who c~ ul d upoc:k ~,pa nio h 7 ( I knew a li tt l o , mon t l y fr om b ooks)_..,, he was sp-c1r ed as an i.11 terp:reter . Setting out,.,..-thc da y of our capture" for the c it~, of Mexi c o , under H :-i tron .s guord,,r c ommanoed b y Co l. Zar!lb on- ino a nd .Li eutenant Cruset , Ga ine s a nd :Eorl ::;.na were ridin g fin e hor s es . llenry \'7afc1 on a p on y , and I motjn t ed upon t he g ood a n i mal whic h Col . Men doza ha d g i ven me ; wbile t h e ot her �( - 246 - men and offi cers wer e in col !..tmn of tv,os on foot . 1 i euten&nt Uru He t , a Spanish Cath ., Lie . hail b oon t £.u0 h t Bnsl i sh at my old co l l e,30 of ~t . Jo s 0-ph i n Ken tucky , and w~s n o doub t s0le c t od for tr.~,~t r<..Li.Son to go on tl;.o e usr d . Ae th,- men a, p ror..o.r.oC: u.o 01 -.i.. field oi' ~al ao , tho~• nat11n.t ll;y t hour.:r of the ol ( 1:iffr a ;y , snc. i3egun cursint.; Lho and tor st,i n g h oVi t1..ey cou l d destroy thew . 11 Gr c us en,ir Cru.cot h eari n g these t lire 3 t S , t ol-i tamboni ~,o , wb o at l°r ncc o rd cr ed Gtt :nor: a..nf lio rla.n d ut 8. oi etshce to tl e front , 1 ca ving me in comman c1 . I n the meantime , Gai.nes ancl tlcnry h:.i.a cxchagge d hon:;es . G£. i n0t, :r.a vin g· ,~olotc, (i tne b e'-"t r ncer jn the rnv i rooni , i n st ead of biR own ..inferio r honvei f;! f'ld ,rJonr ;y c-oc:-u.lti nc me , I a;;reed thR-t , as the :Her .Kx:ppditi cn wao :.xet.tnl.3t tho l a\·.rs of ilatiJno , no war r,.a vin t, becm cJ ecl area. 7 .t;.t the Uri.itc a Ll t o.tc :.:: c oulrl not· intori)Ot:c in h i ~-. 1,ehdlf . 8 0 he t)eter!!lined t o run f ar i t ; und . goine dorm tho rhMH unda r tho p rotomrn of c l ot,ing th.nm. up , he r,:1t srnrrs to hit: J-.or so , ,'.n d , "Jc aning fo rwayd , ttiJ u racer , to d i mini s}-. tl!c draw the i r c arbi nes anct :fi :r ,·• • once . ltinc~s i.ri hand . ~ urfaoe of hio '1ho~ purcu.ed him at hit tho A mn:r.ican bor Ge ;,'I.Ui too f aut Lor. tLc ~IIox i can c av Llry , s0 i.·!enry 300n di f: t~n cea them$) but , i mp rudon t ly , h e ro de hir' 11~,rr o to dc1:1tl: , .t~nd wac .f.'onnd by sorno s couta fro m Hut le r ' s co1~:uia!10 , l;y; in g ha lf {lem1 untl gre aning by the wayoi d e , ann t&AAu t o camp . The i nform a t i on he brought , h owever , p:ro-vod of great oe rvic e t o 0111' c a.use ; enab l ed Tu:;lo r t o advc.nce to Sal ti l l o �( - 247 - Saltil lo to b.l{r• comm ,nci , una r,uin "Ll10 greg t v i ctory of tho 2:=:na o f .Fo"i.,ruur y , 1 846 , i~t lnu m 1. Vic t.s.• ln the rr,r.an time , Col. i.,ainbonino . ,·,110 rm.B in ncl vanc e wit h Gui.no n and l>01'l ttnd , rotu r n u~ to tho p:r i ::;oncrr. , t.nc'l o::rdered th(HJ t o Le l a nced - vwulc1 be ~1 1 mttsfi,~c r cd , o :rcl ered the IJT i soner s t o l i e d ovm , t o :.:hovv no ro · i c t.a n ce Wuti.16 te ma.de , v•riich the;y pro:qip t l;y clio ~ v~cn , tak ing thr l assos f r om t lcir ~orscs , t he ~exicnn s tied t:r e i r h t nc1 ~· • I a o cussed o :i' 11 11 t1rn troub le , and o r a er e d Wb~1 by t ho tv;o ner reantr2; in :::d va ncc to 1 o l a nced ; ·~,h ilst the Cc : onel hcl ~ an immonfA }orAe - pi&t ol to my breas t , a n d ~-v<k4-.. In as c;ood Spanish ~ ~,, thr'"atene(l me ·;-·ith b :i. ::~ sword . ac I eo:J. ", u'1 ' . D~'d l .'.:5 l 1. s .h , whio ll Crus d:}t u.nd cr m •I xet1 ,n. •,.;11 :llU ,.. .... l,Or , stood , I pro ten t ed t hbt lhe men v1 ero innocent , an d ::.rnow nothln'hg Of 1.ic'nr·y· t-~ ~:.. .,,. .. '''O"'· •n Y J.....i "C"; ... •nt'f.>-"' ·t ~""t, ul lc..1. ~ .. 1, t 1 t; ho u,~h , Henry h ad acl v h 1od wi t h me , I took no uurt jn hh: csc a1)e , un i t hi rr.s eJ.f' , c..S he had. 1,een /;;j c~i:rtiv,) of :ne r r.i;y h t.tn. n.n to 1 e tj od. . ~o I..H lv e t:,,n d a vrhrnncr f:1.t .Per utc.: , anc~ f cu.red dcuU~ ut a ll events . t1:cy tbon ordered \,O.s Hesi t a tinr; , 1 t hen Baia_.... t hni, I had received h0norahl r tormc of c apture . and 1hc att nmpt t o ti c r.i~; 1'1un clu vrfal:l u broac r. of tr.c t;r,:rmn o f i urrend or , s a fu frum acnge r , ordcr ~d mo o L onco to be rolc as ed , ~n~ wo al l p r oc eed ed on tho m4rch . Ifo r a few duya the i-r.en an d off i cern 011 foot rcrr.ui ned tie d on t he move c.m'l a t nlct t , 1ut wo r e soon rele a s e d f rom t r.i 8 precaution . Be f ore mv.n~ cla yr.1 rm met; Ban t a .Anna ' s army on t he plain s . Thoy sh owed c re s. t b ittern ess towa rd u. s and made s i gns of s t a bb i ng uB; an d s omo , spo u.k i n g l~ngl i sh , de cl a red �( ( - 248 - de cl v.red t hey would n ot l eave a n Amer ic an or. t h fit ~- i d e o f tr:c .Rio Gr rt1:1c1o . Lui , when we cuno to ~:a.n tu /.nna, \7:'c wa s wi tJ1 postiJ.U0n~· an,1 out:ridorc; , in 5 r 00 t t h in.Jr o i.' Ti-iylor nnD M ::- t i n - cu.ps. i· t;lo , I co ul d b ut Ca l l ing f or t h e ch j_ef of our force . he made many i nr~ui Ti os ; but out o f f i cer ::: gave him ver y littl e real inf ormati on. '.l.'ho m~:-.·· c h :fyom f-an Lui s "Jo tos i was over a YlVrl~row steri l e p l ni n t ,·ri tr a few p oc1· pousant ry t hi nly o ca.t t er 0d a.long t he f oot - r-ills ; D.nd , o f co u r c e , e ver y a vuila bln sp oci ee. o f l i ve s to ck h 8-n been cn i z c <l .!::.nd uso J..- t he ppor orincr s hu. vi r.e nathing t ut \,litJ..t t,ho;i cou.1 tl concea l i.n t i me i:n t ho soi l , or driv e i nto tho ctrcur y wan t oa and hi l l 0 • l fi R W no e vid on c ec o f a r.:om•·,issii.r ;y depo..rt rrent , bu t i'li.th t be Gene r al lie wa s very f ond of coo1c- f i e;hti n e; , like mo o t i n --6hic f . ~pa.ni a r d s und Nic;c icun o ; nnd hri had c oopi;:; rw.<'l e of d l l:fii n i sb ing bo ttor:'.ie , or 8tor l eR , an d suspend od on do nk i e s a nd mules by o. s trap 011 both side s of th,:: puc1>:... $ a c1dles . :rheBe . ae~~~ herde d a n i dr i.ven by a r::,n1 e te c r ; wo r e fu.1 1 of c oc ks , w~.l c h h fot1:;ht tln d a. t e v,hen wanted . 1 S.o pas i:; c d on the Gen eral to h i s d efea t a t .bu ena Vis t a . \'le obs erved t lrn.t the se t r oops we re ur mc d wi.t h ne w Bri t ist muskets , :no cic11bt & gr a t uit y from 11 f' erfi d i '.)U8 Albi on.n 1.nd uo ,:e ro:r r i en onv;rP.r t'l to t hn c e J eb n 'l.t ed mj nos in l'otosi , ha lf r3t al' vea f ocr wat er anil fo o c1 - a t U.mer; , n c doub t , ea t ing mule moat . Whil :•t we vm r P. l~int::· i n our r,nurd e d qu a r t ers , \'Ii h Q s i gn of comin g r attons , a n En e-lH,hr1an c a me i n a.n d aske d if Mr . Clay was amon e t he p r i s oners . my n ame . 11 "Ca s s ius M. Cla y'?" I sai d : "Th a t i s "Ye s " 11 Di d I n ot hear th �( \ - 24 9 yo 1_ s p e a k i n tho :i.'a.be r n oc:l o i n J,•ow York Ci t y , i n tho y e a r 1 844'? 11 "I s _po k o t hor· o , " s a i d I , in n 0i a vor y p l o a3ant humor. He t here u pon yr;-:; i ro d ; a n n r· o,.m sen t us a. 0 0 l d ham of mutt on , wa l l s tuffe d , a f ter the ? r en ch s t y l e , wi tl· g arli c , an d ot h er ucc ompanlme n t s , up on v.'hic h ull the off i cers f e asted wit h grea t a v i d i ty ; and l snpoo~c the sol di er s h ad l ife f or e . S o I fcil t qu i t e r;r a. t e f ul to J ohn Bu ll , i7ho , I mu.st say , at m&.ny t i mcR i n my l i fe I h u-;o f cund t he t r u.ei::t o f men . l!'o r , as ~ma r o on s a ys: ..,,,.. ~ - " Of n l l men , tbn B1 c;l. i ~fr.. ::: t c...nd s qu a r es t i n t Le ir slices ," '.i:he ~:oxa n o i'f i ce➔rr we r,..1 in f 1ii.ne humor , on d p ai d mo tho ch ar a.otcr i o tic c oor,l i me n t o i' ra.:.-y ing : " Glay , you ou t ht ne v er t o C OEll!li t a c ri me ; f o r , n o ma tter t o what .Pu.rt of t he '.10:rl d ;;.·ou nh ould. a t t fl~r.:ip ti to f'J. ' , yoD.r f [;.c e woul d ex p oB o an {1 c ondemn Jou ! l o w- bre d f ollows , but f ul l o.: 11 Borl a nti an d Danl ey ;,vero '.r i t . S o we p aase a on t o ~cxi oo ; t he an i mos i ty of t h e po pula co i n c r 0 csinf a~~ v:o appr o ttohed the c i t ~ . v:e had a. hard ti me of i t , ofte n wan U .nc; foc:1 , sm r~ we -.cc 1,he.n }-. i.:lppli cd , as we t r.ough t , wi th do[; o r mu.l e - me a t . which l as t , gr az i n t~ on ·t t e aecert pl a int, • r:aB t h o zu bstra. tm1 of' our commissu.r y s tor ~s, b oi nf a bou t the on l y s vtdlab le food . ~~h o wo me n, hoi·,·e ve r , i.n a.11 c ountric r· tt,, r:c s t cr:Jr i t a·o 1 0 , wou ld run ou t , ii t h e ggs EnJ t}1e s t aple t ea ns unr tcr ti ll!{S, nrn1 r o l :i.c ve our huni3cr , as v;ev, pas s e d :r - nch crn and small v i lla s . ro :-:i e a e;~i ns t u s , e:no nto nc d us . At Q,u e r ater o t he rnob V: o r an i n to a. chu rch , 1':.1,rr1oe und a ll , by o r de r of the of fi c er s , when tho do ors were clos ed , an a t hus su ve cl ou:r ~olv es , un t he l.i.o •.i c o n s u pers tition ma ke s the churc h es " e cure p l a ces of r e fug e . I n al l countri e ~, an d i n all r o li gi 0ns , the roost i gn orant are t b e mos t cmp e r s t i ti ous an d i n t oler ant• the '1 Hos t" i s bor 11e i n pr'o ces sion from on r\ church to Wh en �- 250 - imotho r jn t h o Btreets . a l l pr·rsons are ex_ e c ted to pros - t rat e tl.r:.r1~ ol n-i s, un d . fn il inc to (•o i;; o , a rc ~~r..ockec t'i own , a n d s orrn/,ti mn murc1e:r o a . on f;;. So~ on ce , whjlst a t S t . l'e tBTn burg , St ai;n oc ca gi o n , e nte:rint, t hn ·ve st ibule oi. t h~ cb ur ch of AJ.o:x:ance r rfov ski , vii tt my r11 t l. i ts,r y chape a u on , l wao quic kly a dv:iPod to 1,~.k e i t off ; 1:_is ih(~ cur-t oL11 roc, u iren even mcnnrc hG to t Bkr 0:ff t !~o ir h:;,ts i n th n churches . A11d at t'Le Kremlin gate , wh ere u uainily tr-Jag e i::: pninte d , a ll - po r s o nn , o:n rrn t c :rin[ , tako o i'f thci r ha ts . 1jnhapp j_J.y fo:r prfof.t and peasant , rc lit:)on rind mo r s.lit y nre oft en :ft.r v,1) a r t; ~-11 c~ the f~Tee. tec t Binner i n often tho mo i:t de vout . and 1::oro may we h ope ln "the good time comin g , " more t0 see thef.rn t wo sy s tems \tone and ind i vi n i bl e ! •r ✓ ~ Our f' t1tr y in to th0 Ci t'j o£~ n ·ezu.mas was as r-oma.n t 1c v.E: th.P 0~rl ic:r 1.;.rlv c nLuioB of t ho Span i ards . were , aB tl:o sc l ,h(! rs got foot - so :re , woe t l y u pon donke ys and 11ules ; ¼nd ~oro tultod near the c it y wa ll s t i ll the fail i nr, moon s}wul d tluo'i. a i·l', rld ow u pon t:r1e ::;tre ats of th e f umed city , arH1 thu n aave us f ro m the vcnt,ea nce oi.' the pppulace . About mi dni 6 ht the moon uu n k into the we st , and da r ~ness began t o shad o\7 tho doome d city .. Santa Anna had confi s c ated. the church prope rty, and the Cat hol ic c lergy hud r a i sed a revolt , an d a ctual war was n ow g oing on . The e t ernal �( ( - 251 eterna l snows of the di s tan t moun tain of' Popoco.tep eti was . yet brightly t1&.pped wi th the moon ' e. r ays , which , by an optical illus i on , s eemed to be i n th e ve ry skirts of the O+~ c_ity's walls . tft4,t,,- Thu s , in 1870, , whil~~iI was i n ~ ~f ~~~ ~~"'1¥/C, IJ- 1/11~ . . f ~~ 'fii 4 4 ,Pl(pd,/~"1 ·' tr, the Rocky Moun t a ins , which were , in f a ct , fifty miles or,j more away . All t he city wer e i n a r ms ; and , wi th t h e ro a r of the cannon in the streets , was tho accom1,anj_ment of the muske t ry from the flat h ousetops , with their cont inuous r at t l e a nd fla shing lights . We wer e quiet l y mar ch ed to a monast e ry , wh ic h was now us ed as a ~~tate pr i son , and there quart ered. The of fi cers wer o separ at ed from the ran k and f i le ; and soon we he ard a rush- the r a ttlin g of cha i ns , an d a vo l le y of muske try . I oupposea they were shooting our pr i s oners ; but it turned out tha t the convic t s , having dug a hole under the wall s , were s ho t as they orner g e d i nto the open space . I her e passed one of the most rnemorabl e nig h t s of my l i fe . So our entry into t he ha lls of t he Montezuma.s was n ot one of tri umph ; ;but i t was , at leas t , one of discirJline . It showe d the vani.ty of human as pira ti ons ; and hov1 11Man propos e s and God cltspoees . n To me i t was a school of v a lue , whi ch t a ugh t me al so t bc vani t y of s el f - ela t i on , an d tho necess i ty of some great pr:tnoi p le of buman happiness as only wor t h y of our l ove . And thus , perhaps , I was better f itt e d fo r ca r r ying on that e re a t c onflic t whi c h .t'r ovidence 1·0sted u pon ino iv idt.1al a ction; an d wh ich r e uulted at l a s t in tr i umph . Me xi co , the c a p ita l of the Re public , i s to o well known �- 252 - kn 0vm n ow to require des cri ption . lt i s about 20 f) aec~ north l uti tude , u pon t abln- land , several t housa nd fe et a bove t :te le vel of t ho 2 e a , with mountains of e t ern a l snow loomine; up in the di s t ance . 'l'hc r~odern city , of about 250 , 000 inhabi tants , i n r ogul;.1rl y built cf eto nc end br:1.ck The hou Res a re Spanis h jn 8t ylo. the bes t , stuccoed • thre e of l'our ntories hi gh , runnine down to one in the The s t r e et o arc ;reg ula r ; an d with the c hurches poorer par t s . a nd pa r ks and riub li c buj_ld ines , the city , wi t h its s ur - ro un dings , i s one of tho f inest in t h e -oo rl d ; a nd Bar on Humboldt so exp res s ed bims elf - he who had seen a ll the lending capi tal s of t he nat ions . There i s no winter , r eally ; the ~intor b eing simply the rainy s eason , whon r a in falls r e gul a rly about h a l f the day , end then the sun comes out as in a May day. Hence, there a re no f ires in the Mexi can ho 11s e s , ex c e p t the furn&ce s o f charcoal f roP1 t1,o mountai ns . wi t h wr. ich tho moot delicious cooking i s do ne • en j oy ex is t ence of i t belf. Nov,her c else does man so Rvon the mo s t en e r ge t ic can oi t fo r hours in tho sahde; and t he pulsati on of the b lood , pass ing through th e a rt e ries and ve ins i s a posit i vo r leas u :r~ . V/86 .And well may i t be s a i d of tr. i E country , o.s it r nl a t e d of Ca~so , .,. isle , tha t tho c lime i s tterna l I\ s pring , and t he l a nii shall Sb.y b or dere d with pc r _pe tual f l owers . I mor e on tho c o.uncc of thi o l ovely clime hereafter . ., \ ;e r om~inc n pri soner n in tho mon as t er y of St . J ago, and i n the city on pa r olo, till Scott begun , a fter many victor i es , to threaten the city . r,e hHd 1Jro poaal s from t ho Mex :ic ans to j o in them , a s they h o.d a. h i 0h appreci a tion of our prowr ess i n arms ; but t hi s we po sit ively declined . �- 253 - on tho f loors , 1e ing allowed a few h ours each day for ex ercise in tho j;r rison-yurd. Bu t an Amer i can citizen , a lonB t i me in Me .ice as a stage - driver , and other employ ments , and marrie d there to a lcxican woman , was ve r y k ind to us , loaning us smul l sums of money . Hi s name was Noah Smith, an d I belie ve he is ye t a l i ve ne a r Bo s ton , Massa chusetts , an d should. have a pens i on . \'ie had a. ha r d time of it , however, in pr,i s on, beine infec ted wi th vermin; i:tnd, sct.rce of r:h irts , we h a d to pull of t h0 one we wo re , and , i n the s unli 1_;h t from tho window, k i ll these a nnoyine _pests . I v;a.s -annoye d by the lead pi pes whic h bore the water fro m the main a quedu ct , c oming from the mo untains , in t o '=' \ { \,,\ ~J\ I\ . .., ~,.,,t- ~~ the pr i con . /\ ' l I ha d mude a n enom;y of Dr . Sol on .Borl and by sayi n g he ought to have been shot for t r up9ing us in Encernao,tion ; so , t hough I never was in more pa in in my life , when he p re1)ared u dose of med icine for me , I r ef us ed t o t ake i t , preferring th e chances of nature ' s forc es to the tr ,,a c herous doctor . This but inc r eas e d the offense:; for v,hic h h e avenged hi ;•,s elf by " ett ing Capt a in Danley, himself , a ncl othe r s , to s l an6.e rl ng me , whils t l wns yet i n 11ri son at Toluoa. I h ad a bowl of water and a t owel ; et I tri e d the water- cure . I wet the towe l , a n d l a.id it on my abdome n , l eaving the e vaporati on to r 0l ieve me of the grea t heat ther e . Th i s fave me rolif somevmht; and l would f a ll a ih.l eep . But , v1hon the pain returned , wit h the dryine of the towel , I wet it , and f ell a s l eep again . So , having a powerful physi que , I r e cov ored - much, l thought , to the mor tific a ti on of t he Arka nsas doctor. When Gen eral Winfl el d Scot t approache d the city , the mi l itary �- 254 - mi l i tar y comrm.nder sen t ror u s , to order us to tr.e city of '.i;oluca , beyond t ho mount a ins , telling u s to te ready f or t o - mo rrow. \'ie h a d a ll b een on parol e for a sbo rt t i rro , '1:ich we hardl y dared t ake any adv a nt ag e of , on a ccount of the e nt!l it y of t he populace . , ~ho interview was con - duc te d by a n int or :pret er ; and illaj ors John P . Gai nes , Solon, Bor l and , Cap tain Danley, and Li eutenant Georg e Davidson , as they c l a imed , surrendered their varole . so un derstand i t . I wan p resent a nd di d no t It certa inly was n ot so underst ood by tpe comman der; an d he was the on e de ceive d at a ll e vents . For n o 0ensi ble man will a ll ow that thA i ntended to let t he officers r,o free . e x i can e encr a l ThP-se men , howe ver , os:ca.ped by the means of · r . Smith and ot hers , anc1 reached Scot t' s lines . I had a l s o offered me the opportunity of e scape by Smith , end some Br iti sh den i zens , but I refus ed ; be ing boun d by my parole d'honn~ t o £ t a nd . Cap tuins Roady and Smith , of Ken tuc:Jcy , and other officers , ul so refused t o v iola te t be ir parole . Be s ides , our es cape woul d a ger a vate t h e co nd it i on of the men of our commands ; a n d I fel t t hat it was my duty to s tnnc'\ by t h em, for whi ch th ose poor f e llows shor;o d much gr at 1 tude . .!for, when the d i s h onor ed officers s l o.nd er ed me, on their return home, these sol cU e r s fro111 overy-w'®'here in Kentucky a nd other State s , most 1;:.bly , through t h e pres s , v in dic a t e d mo f rom a ll calruony . The cnpit a l of t he . .jcxican Re .pub li c i E tho Ci ty of ~e x ico, a nd AO the CUfJ i tal of the State of lYie x ico i s tho Ci ty of Toluca , or , as it was cal led in t h e time o f Spanisl. con que s t, Toloc an . T:ti r city, or v i llage r a t h er , i n appear&nce a t lea.st , is but a l ong day' s j ourn ey liy h orseback from t ho City of Mexic o; b ut it s eems , i :n f a ct , as f o.r away as if i t were a t h ousand miles . The car, i tal �- 255 - o f t he natL:in lien , az i r. well known , U JJOn. an r l ov b.ted pl ateau, b e tween two mounta in ranges , op ening toward the north , whic }, sinks in l evel ao it widens nort}1ward; thus t hrot':ing the drainage , whic h flows from the moun tains , into t he city , ana adjo i ~ /\ l akes- , in that d iroction . '.!.1his i s about s even thous and feet a bove t he s ou -le vel. p lateau At the comrues t, over three hund red yea.rs ago , the gr eater por t ion of the va lley wati cover nd with for e t.ts; but the des truc ti on of these conservative for ces of nature , nnd th e burning of t:he wood on the mountai ns for coal und it s oth or uses, has fille d t ho onc e fe rtile va l leys with ar i d sands and crusted nitre; and the debri s from both culture and forests greatly filled up t he lake s of a nc ient t i mes . ~ ,£,d. We entered the city from the north - west side ; and I do not r emo~b er any l a ke at a ll on that s i d e . So, in t i me , thA whole of t ho se l ak es will be filled up , an d the c lirr:ate made le s s agre e ab l e , on d the soi l l ess produoti ve. So, g oing to Toluca , the mout of the route l ies t hroueL wooded. moun tain pusses , a nd dark ravi nes . ii:; cut by doop and On th o we si s i de of tho mounta in r&nt,;0 , a. ,p .-. .rontly on the same lcvol of s even thousand f eet , you des cend i nto the p l a i n on which Toluca i s buil t , with the J mountain p eo.k of the same n ame , fj_fteen th ousand fe et above the sea ; &nd other mountains ad dillll; gre a t subl imity and p ictures queness to th e s oen e. As t , is city lies in the 0 l atitud e of 20 i • ~ ~A nvrt.r. , the:i:-e i'-' h ere pe r pe tua l -'4· spring ; and linte r 1t11•11s only a 1:,uc 1 essi on of r u ins f'or about ,'f h al f of the day , when the uun comes out , u.nd a ll i s f a ir again . Thus , fhem the a ltitude of the s un, trop ic a l pl an ts f lourish �- 256 - flour ish, ancl the ir f ruitfJ mature ; wl:il o t ; in tl.c shade , the gener a l t emperatur e i s about Muy- day of temp er ate clime s . 1 0 65 '1r0~@e Farenh ei t - t he Re ne e , we hav e here a ll t he fruit s and cerea l s of a l l c limes , and na ture aggregat e s he r f avors as n owher e e l Re on ev..rth; f or the s i te , },0tween the tla.ntic und Pacific Oc ea ns , a n d the h i eh t a ble- lands , ..-. A.A n0whare else duplicated . On the s e Ar c adi an l and s , the l ewm., tho orang e , te e fi g , t he bam1. na, and other trop ical fruits , are mi ngl e d wi th many products of temper ate zone s • Ana a ll that can be d e s ire d f'or use or luxur y i s profus ely grown. The o f fe ot of tro pical vegetation upon one bor n an d g rown to ma nhood in fore 8t sllrrounding s i ni1.unn c e . (v 'Mli$ was intenee in a.1 1 i t s sen~ous Tbe i rup on utra 1 l e jung l e s , thickly s e t with i mmense fe at he r - uhape d fol i age an ct pnl ms; the hund r od 0pec ies of c a ctus , wit h their grotes que sha-pes of trunk an d leaf, flower an d f ru it;i t he ..~ ~;lflf~S~¾, ( cen tur y pla:i:i~); here pl a nte d in f i el ds a s- Indian co rn , a1,1a i n a f'ev-1 n i ghts uendinE; their en or mo us o te ms , wi tr. myriad flowers , in to tlrn air , twenty ~ - a nd more f eet i n hei g ht ; the ma ny - colored parrots and par ro quet tes , ana othe r t r opical birds of r a re plumage ; and the man y cul ti 1:ated and wild f lower s and vinea , a ll :fill ed me witl-. int e n se enjoyment . Th en the s n ow - c l a d mountains , r is.inG a bruptly from tho pl a ins , with. e ver- flowing rivulets , toward which countl es 1:1. h ords o f s heep an d gca ts , wi th h er ders of a n ov0l r a ce and dre s s , were mo vi ng, a.mi d the eonge:; of the 'birl:l.fi a nd the ri piJiling of �- 257 - i7.-vv of the wa e rs , made thi s .hr c ad i a of th e ~nciont's imagina tion . I'- To me , at l east , it was an elysium , The vye , th e , a r , tho flow o f the bl o o d throu gh the v ei ns an d a r teri es - ex i s t enc e i tself- was a 1}os i tivo pleasure ; s o that I fel t as an A.iolian har p , ·whi c h was pl ayed upon by the bree ze ; and my e v ory sens e was r csponEive to a l l - l ovely Nat ure . An Ame ric a n r o.ce , l ong a nt ert or t o tho 1exi can s an d Az t ecs , 'i-7ho unncr st.ood es t ronomy and v:or ked ln t h e me t a l s a nd bui lt groat cit ies , once occupi e d t:b e8e l ov e l y Lakes and Be ns , encour agi n g co mmerce . r..avo over l a n ds . boon tho Bf i sea t s o f c i vi l i zat i on . And t hes a , wit;h the everl a s ti ng sprin gf. de ve l oped tho hi ghest Amer ican :proc;r e s s - mcn ~ nl and phy'•i c a l d eve l opment ; an d th i s hi gher r&ce was t h0 r esult . Th ey \·:er o cal l e d Tol t ees ; end Tolu c a , or i oloca n , as i t w~s Cltl letl at tho conqu es t , vms , no do ull t , t ne s eut of the ir ancie nt kinGdom . At nl l ove:tuis, I fo nn a here a n ew r a ce of nu t i v e s , unl i k e any o t her s in Americ a . They v.rer c t o.1 1 , r:n<1 full er i n p ern o.r; , with l i ght c omplexion , C'OMI'! g rey eye s and dar k auburn h a ir . hE.v in g b l ur> o.nd ot he r Uco (.! a l l -:n.y life to the b r e e d i n u o f p ure r uces of l i ve stoc k of th e f in est, :'orms , ~ be s ides -.it lov e of art i n pai n ti ng a n d s t at ua ry . and hav i n g " s tud ied , <l ur i n e my anti - s l avery can:er . :.!l l the beat uuthors , Fr oncii a n d J!;ngl i s h , on th e unity and d iver s i ty of the ~ Human Rac e , I was n ot only g r eatl y int e r cs\ in these pe ople , b ut , I tlii nk , brought a d iscri min i tins judgment to my a i d , unusual in travel ers . I am sure thoir ch ara c tcr i &i~i c s we r e n ot the r e s ult of Spanish c :r os sos ; fo r s u c:b are coUL:-,on i:n t he Me:;d can CE:lpti a l , a nc1 aro not a t a ll l i ke t he To l 11cans . Th e �- 258 - The women , es pe cial l y . v:o~tinternst rio ; a:r,.d l found t lrnm beautifnl , with l a r ee 'brc1ins, mo re tl1ou:~,ht i'nl mindEz , a nd more t as to i n a l l way s than oth e r ln di ruis With whom I had mixe d fr eely from tho Ri o Gr illlde to Tolnca. The hair is wo rn in two p l a.i t s , ti ed w:i.t h yarn or colored ribbons , hanging The c hemise ir. cut low, an cl t h e a rms v1ell dov;n the ba ck. expos ed~ To t he wai s t i B bouna s ever a 1 t i e r G of pet t i bo t:t ts , made of' fine n a t iv e co t ton- c l oth , wit h v ery highly color ed. e.nd we ll contras ted bor ders . Tho legs a r e eener e.l ly bar e ; a n d t ho fee t 1 ( lik e the hancls1),. wel l t urnec1 , wer e. co v er eel. wit h Ind i a n s andals . at t i mes hiehly orn a ment e d with beads and nee d.l e v10 r lr. No b onne t ~J o :r head . d re s s is v:o r n ; hut t he ologa.nt na tiv0 rebos a , o:r shuwl , c overs t l::e h ea d and po.rt of the face , wb ich a t will r e v eal s a t t i e s t he full ant eri or busts un d r ounded arms . Spanish i s spoken mor e or l ess i n all 1. .exic o ; b.:nc1 1..r.e better cl ass o f India n s u l wayr, speak i t . J So , 'ilhcn l g ot to Toluc a , as usual , I made haste to enter soc i.ety , as far as I i.-ms a ble. In this IffO Vinci a l t own , ha vine; n o commerce , except the ~~1a e r a l Go vernor and a. e rrall s u j.t e of da r k Spaniards an d lndi a.n s , there are rarely seen any of the white race . So I was as much a curios i t y to them as t t ey wer e to me; a n d I had no g rea t c1ifficul ty i n making ac quajntunc e s nmon g t h e To l ucans . Thus I was s pendin g my time very agreeably. In all coun t r i es tho features of na ture ha ve been t h e e rea t Sl~bst ratum of poe try an a h er oi sm . In cit:ies , nature, too . i s app reci ated , but it i s huma n na ture ; n.ncl , as rural s cenes are co mpar a tiv ely unknov1n , women and men a &&~ an d domestic �r ( - 259 do most ic anima l a are a l 1 thn:r rc nk.'1. i n . Cons e quent ly ; aroun d tbes0 c oncentcr the h i ghe st inter es t - tho f emale singerc , da.ncers , and actors , to mos t por sorH1 bei ng the hi&hes t ideals of ou rth . But here were a l l tho g reat element s of n a ture - l r..lkc s a n d l a nds , t he sublime , tho beauti fu l s,nd the _ptcture s que; and , add ed t her e to, tho lovel i~ of -;-;omen . I ha.d sr> ent the l o.s t years of my li i'e tn the most exhausting use of the ne r vous powers; a nd , re pose was not on ly a needed r est , but t he gre at e st luxury. t heee primi ti.ve p eOJ)le t:ber e was one ~ :int. er or; te d me . Amon g wh o er, pe cj_ a. 1 1.y ~3he was on e of t wo dau hte r s of 8 v"ii dowed mo ther; her brotter bein g e ngaged as a me rchan t o f fruite , c u rried on b u r r os an d mu lMi to t he capit a l market . the n am o of Lol u .e-- tJ:e Indi a...1n h a vi °!lg no s urnam e • Sbe bore .As we Ame r icans we re the (memie s of her p eopl e , bei n g ca lle d -- .. "Los Barbaros . ---- d.o l Norte . ,., _.,. ," \'l e had but smv.11 c laims up on \ t heir f r i en dshi p ; but w:b..at h m, woman to do vd t h t hese a ffa ir s of St ate'/ Sh e s aw i.n man a uni verse of he r own ; an<'l , l i ke mos t women , t hat s he found nuf'ficient f or a ll ber b eing . But , as Scot t wo11 tf.. ba ttle a fter bat tile , and t bo rou tod s traggl cr s came home i n d 0feat wi th 'No1mds , th o r ago of tho rabl)l o inc reased , tj_ll the officer s in ch';.rgo ha d to pl a ce us in a monastery fo r security ; and , ye t more , 00 intense was tho excit ement , t :bat they da r ed not t r ust our s afety even t o t he sanci ty of thu t pla c e . but dee.me d i t prudent t o pl ace a. guard of re gulars t o save u s from the ve n geance of the ir countrymen. We were st i l l n omina l ly on parole; bu t . i n f a ct , clos e pr i soners . The e.nt·r a nce to t he pr i so n was through an open �- 260 - o pen ccurt , or r a t her a lo.msda , or pa rk , whic h wa s used as a f'.cui t nw.rke t , and a l\1;ays fu ll of pc o_plc . out , i t was noc c•ssary t o l,"O So , to pc.c s through t:O.e t;uard ~n.l aJ. 1 those poople , whon roco£11i tio:n would be l mr.!'1e cliat c doe.th . I tri ed t o get tho offi c orc to jo in me in a ~ortie ; b ut the y &11 i'lBc l inod , and p rotested_ a5,~i n:::;t such foll;, . the ):,:et , But a l l t }. ingo are r,ooei ol e w?-mn a woman is i n C Hs e . So , pro curin g a oombrero and ncrap e an d blnnk c t or nllawl - ~ a l;1exi can l was r eacl.y f o .r act i on , hn ving no we a pon bu t a pocke t - knj,fe ; but ' any one , the mo t offic ie11t , r.:oul d have been use l e ss a.gai n s t f: uc h odds . So , putting on my hu t, an d dr :..iv,1.n , g my scra.no close about roy ~ f a ce , 1 set ot1t . The eu1:.'l-:r d , o f' c ourue , e.;:; vie ·w ore on parole , had or ders to pcs s us ; so on I went , and was unroticed by a ny on e . J,olu' s cottage was cu rrounded by ..w-u-E-- tro pic a l p l an ts ; the fenc es J\ a. s pe e ies o f cactus , so clos e l y planted tha t a cat c ould no t pass • Those wer e full of flowGr~ and f·ru i t , and :i':'i lled with the pe r fumo of tho oranBe an d the lemon . So t ho who le grounds , a nd the whi. te wa ll s of the dwe ll .i ng , wer e literal l y shadowed. in shrubbery a n d vine s and pe r ennia l flowers . l entered without wa rning • ~he was sitting n lon \~ in b cr us ul:11 lattic ed p orc h , a nd s adl y ca.ress ine h er pe t puro .-: uo tte, This small pe t wa.H a s f ull of bril l i ut1t colors as u hurir::iir1g bird , a n d s pibke ma n y v:o r cls in ~pa11i sh und lndi an . :r1.i s g1r l vms about c i g'h t een ye a.r s old., of a stu ture abcv o the medium I ndia n ty:ve , an d mo r n ful l in p er son . iic r eyoa and h a ir 1 ( wh i ch we re the ~ull est and longest I e ver saw, ; were , the eye s e rey , and the �- 261 - thA hai r an auburn , b ot both apparent l y blsck . he r te e t h wer as f i ne and e ven as ever e-;rc, ce n ar. I na i an woman ' s mou th . H,n· dr cBi:: hc.1, o.l :road y bee n ceRc:ri b ed . Ac l cuna in , she o rose i n as t on i Rment , a n c1 turn e d pale wtt h affri gh t; b ut , when l tl: n wr off my h a t a nd Hhawl , snd she r eco0 n i.zed me , t he col ~r c ar.'le l:l.::> the wint or fire t h r oueh a he-a tea n tov c , a nd droppi n g her :rebo sa , ~he r u Bhed , with open ar ms , k i ssed - me'f lfo t a t all . '.i.1hc ana parrot , whi oii uo r f' t h e euphonious name of .Leta , wuc unsued to strang ers ; and , when she saw I w~s n ot a Mexican , or , r ather , a ~olucan , she dashed a t my f a ce ; and Lolu r a n a n o C[.u eh t he r in he r arms , a nc k h 1r i n g ho r "'a.id : &eri or Cla:.vo .. '~ / * ' .. "' " Oh , Le t a ? Nues tro arJ t go , . "'Humb old t and Pri tr.card hotr. ~-peak of the .,,iexice.ns , of eourne i ncludi n c t:r.e To l ucaoo . ac ~, i •:tin eu i sh ed f rorn othAr Ina ians by the c re at or <_uantity of the i r beard and mue t oohe8 . i:'r onc ot t rw.y::1 , 11I;O n the ir nut hor ity: "Thus we fin a amon [;s t tho gcn<'r a ll y preva l ent copper or cin namon tint , n e a r l y a l l g r ad~ tions of co lor . from the Eur op ean whi t o t o a bleck 1 a l mos t Afric,m ; while t he comp J.oxi on ccn s -pc j uou nl y varief. among diff'oront trilos , in t he n o i ghl)orhood of f't1c h othe r." ( See a l no , Humboldt ' s Cosmo s , 2 vol s . ; and ?ri thc ard I s 1:hysi cal E.i t: to r_y o f :,!en , :i.n 4 vol s . } About t ho col or thA r c i s no dou bt ; t hA only question i s , war ~ t heD o ~o lte os? - C. 1885 . I t was Le ta she k i ssed . Of a ll t he rltCOP , tl: e lnc•i [..ns nee tr o moGt r'.lod est , I r aroJ.:,, loo k i ng a t y ou ; but they arc not us gr ave a s i s up pos e d • .A you ne .eion , not ( i .x teon year s .,, ol d , wen t wit h m;y fo. tbc:r , i n the BT' i t iP L \'1ar of 1812 , un<l wa'-" ta.ken prisone.r , boi n£; v:o unded i n the han d . he l nd i~ns took him into Gan i da , and imposetl on him,. h a r d ~ ork wit h t he s c uaws . he was f re c.:.u ently ,jokof. by the ol de r men ; and the bois c ontinually ant1oye d bim , much to the ir amooe nknt . They ·,ouJ.d s ay to h i m: f i ght lndi t:.n s ? "Littl e boy , did y ou come he r e to Don I t y 0u wiG}: you we r o a.t h omo unde r �< - 262 mrunam I s bod , wri n gi nc tho c&t ' s ta i l '( 11 And t hen 1,}rn~ l a ugt; an loud as a c oun try t a.v ein- keepe r. HO u.ld Orn~ au.y , as usua l, J a ck i'lood wt"u., ~1en t to t he spring t o b:d .n c wqter ; the c}, i ef s wero sunni ng thcmse l ves on tho 3r a s a nd looki ng on . i'.S 0 of t en as Jack would g et nearly u p the banJ.r: , nn Indi un boy would t ri p 1:i L fee t, a na aovm ;,,ould go boy and orock rrn(1 wa tor i H.nd th:t}~ was s ever al t ime s repe a tE~d , mucl~ to the amus emcn t of t he c hi e !!;s . At l ast , Wood sai d he was so angry tha.t he de ter mi ned to revenge himself or ai e . So , ae tho boy appr oached him , h r- s et do,,m r~i ~ water.e rock, and , /\ t h r owing h i. m down , p ourea t h e water ov er h i m, a nd r o1 l ecl bi!Il down tho hill - crock, water , a nd a ll g oin5 tog ot hor. Re them sea. tea h i mr-e l f a l so on the ban.k , aetermined to stir n o more . Up on th is , t h c;y l uurh ed lou.dcr, 9l'.ld more than ever ; and coming up to l'::im, lifted him up , s,ncl sai d : " ! t'.ch bra ve ; b i g warrior . " Ancl thereu po n they gavo him a eun , hn d r:,e t hi m t o hunting . 7 h e mo.do So , layine; i n p:rov j.si ·nt~ , o. p retended hun t , cmd escape d . I n all t ho vi l l ages din Mex ico I s aw eor.1ntLj nc of Indi an life . They had ovcrywl:. ere adopted tho Sps.nish danc es , usi ne t.h0 tuite.r , or , r a ther , a 8ma.ller instrument wh ich they c alled. t he " gui t a r r illa." With thin musi c they aance , i n t he j_r ho1IBoc , but r1ostly on the e r a.es in the open air, cotillions , waltzec und fttn dan g on . Tbc f m1<11:meo i s da nced by tho hH.iy t,n <.l caba llero f'acin E, oac h other . They da nce fo r " ard and back, or 0B 8 over. turn , etc . - lilee Burn- s7 scane i n Tarn O ' Sr..s.n t or - getting a) .. l the time more a.ct i ve, anc1 tr.e mus ic be c oming r.10 :r.e furi ous . The rnan ho las hi s ha t in h i t) hant1 ; e nd the woman , as the dan ce warms up , a t times drops her r eb oaa on her a r m, or int o her hand . �( - 263 - simi lar in thei r dancl'Js ; tho differenc e b ei:ng r f.ithe r i n :form than in tens j ty . Bu t I wander . The nt;i rls ruHl boys " a t t i mes camo in aJjn t~anoed at Lolu ' s hous e , mo tly waltzes ; 0 bu t . as 1 did not TTUl t z . fl ho pa.i d me t he c ompliment to prefer my conver sat i on , such as I could ma.kc it in poo r Spanish1 to t he dance. always gr a ve . As 1 said , theoe peo pl e are n:ait 1 vm.s , by my mot her ' B s j.de , dark- haired , wi th dar k grey eyos , but m;; skin ,w,s very ta. i r , a fter my One day the gi :rl r. , thinkine it c ould f a ther ' s family • hardl y be pos .1 bl c that I v:rns so white without 9E:\i n t, got 0 into a concerted romp wi th mn . and . di ppinG their li!i,a~ft'fl ~ ha nd kerch i Bfs i n a n eHrthen bowl of wat or , wh i. ch they hud p.reparod , a l l CA.me dovm u pon mo at onc e , u n c1 t ested my col or ; but I ~ too a the tc s t b etter than would :nany T!lo<,tcrn f 1.1i r ones. One day l f otma Lolu al one , nncl . as u nunl with women . anc ient una moclern , when in g rief, wi th hair dip( sh o7e l l ec1 ; t<:;a.rs we:co st:nla;ni:15 dorm he r che&ks , a nn sho , hol d.::. n c -'.>Ut a hc..ndf'u l of br i sht fe a t her s , tol d me t he oat got thro ugh t he OJ)en l a tti c e n t n igh t , and k i lled and a te up poo r Lo ta ? I neve r saw her look s o i nter e s tin g 'be fore; but oo it i s thut , wi th or with~ ut art , t hey ever hold u s more firmly , t he more t h ey s eem t o be l east th.ouehtful o f our cap ture. dr iftine.; life ; Ollr Wa r th is embl emat i.c of our ever- sun shine a:nd shade ? when tho most re c.l j o ys_, f a din g i n to t ho d e ad past , leave us but ros e - tint ed memor i es �( - .264 - m0mo r iofl of tho de ye wh i ch a r c g ◊ne - of the scen e s '7 whi ch come n o .::10:re , a n d vrhoce o n 'J..y t r a ces a r e - tear s . f om-r Lo t n. ! .t?oor Lolu ! Scot t had n ow been som1ti m~i n posse s s i on o f t he c &pi t ~i l , a.vrai. ting t erms of peac e , a P t bey were bo in e n e r ot h1 ted by cu r g o,re rn rnc nt thr oug h N. Trist . We , ~ ? lik e Ji.'lr s . ~e1tt1:tn'l 4} ca9ti v n knJ g ht , z,er.o for got ten . Our of'f icer s began to com. lai n; ti nd I s ummoned up en e r gy enough to eo to the e;o ve mer , OJ.i gu tb el,. nnd pro t o2t aga ins t further de t enti on . Tl::.e w~n nrous c omrr:ro d e:r , pro r;i tia ted b y o ur ho non1bl e conduct of pa r ole , s a i d i;o me : "Well , bo re· d y e.t once; a nd I will gj.ve y ou and y our me n a.:n escort, and send you to Gen er al eco tt . " t he nex t 60 , d&,y , we wer e on the ma r ch to ~iex ico , on pa.ro le; an d s oon exchang ed for the rr1Bny offi c ers a na men whom Scott wa s too h a pf y to turn loose. Never sha ll I fo r ge t how tho 8 t ar s ana s tri pes , mounted upon th e gate , !:Inn the ·publ ic bt1ild ing s of the ro mantic city , fille d me zr.tth pride and joy , a s the eml1lem of our triill!lph a nt a r ms , a nd. hoine once more . Gen eral Scott , whom I nov. f ,l'J.W for the f irst t i me , w-vl- i nvit ed me to dinner ; and , s aying many 1.: leas:iiir thin gs , sent A. wor ds of' s ouve nir t o my br ot h ~r- i n -l a.w , J ohn Spoo d ~roith , wh o was qu it e an s.dmirer of th o 0 f-l,l lent g eneral ; <.1n d who now look d upon th e seccna Corte s a s a r rominent c a.'1di de,te f o r the .1:'residency . So we wer e s oon on our wai home , with the fi r st r eturning co lumn , under Gnnral Ea rney , by Ylay of t;:..- Ver a Gr u .z: an d New &lans . " The s ea v,as very 'boi s terous ; I ✓ but �- 265 - but vre r eached New Orl ean s f,a fely , and in c ood heal th ana spirits . We we r e ther e mUEter e d out of s ervice ; and t ook ~ diffe r ent r oute s t o our s eve r a l ho mes . -~ ' Fo llowi n g a r e p en- po rtra i ts of Capt . Clay ' s appe aranc e at the age of t hi rty ~ev en*years : /"/\ ~~~~~~ M. Q..~l.. ~1'8~39le ~ ~'ff'er't' f ./,..._ ~...'Ml,-1\."l~,l.'w"-M-"a"-'•·-{,.,'":,_) The New O:re l an s "paper r: speak l nt hu s iastica l l y of th i s gallwt Kentu cki an . He i s welcomed eve r y wher e most warml y . Al l parti es bear the f u l l e s t testi mony to h is b r a very , warm- heart e dness , devo tion to h is s oldiers , and h is n oble g on e ro s ity . \Ve c opy the fo llowing ! CAPTAIN CASSIUS M. C~s - Amon s tho c f fic ArS of the a r myJ .._. a h pr es ent s ojouqng in our city , w~ n ,J tice t he ga lla n t ..-t.:- v,ho l e - soul,ted ann benevo lent Ca ss iau M. Clay, If Kentucky. We h ave c onversed with many offi cer s , both from Gen . Tay J:o r and Gen. Sco t t' s divis i ons of' the hrmy , a n 1 they en t hu s iast ica l l y unite in testifyin g t o the va lor, s k ill a nd who l e-hea rt e dness of thei r broth er o ff i c er_J, t he brave an d gi.ft ed s on of Ke ntucky . The pe rson of Cap t a in Clay i s not so towering as we expe cted to find it, but hi s p i ercin g1 daeger-looking oye s an d prominent for ohe a d , a rc unmi e takab ly in n ica t iv e of the mind and h oa rt of the man .** There a r c s o~o s en t i men ts entertained ** Re wa s s i x feet t a l l , · of po werful b1-:. t a t h l et ic buil d , an d we i g he d in t he pr ime of l ife about o ne hundre d an d eighty p ounds ; dark hai r, very fa ir c omplexion, .s howing much co lor, a ncl da.r k gray eyes . H. by t hi s gen tleman i n conflict with those we a dvocate , b ut thi s should not prevent us from e:zpressing our hieh estima te of a truc ...heart od Amer io ao/'"a t;all ant sp irit .N . O. NATI :)NAL C.t~SS I US M. CLAY. Our d esire t o become ac nuaint e d wit h this gall ant y oun5 Kentucki an was e;rat i f ied by a· s hor t int ervi ew yesterday . Capt . Cla:, i s n o more li k e t h e man we t o ok hlm to be , t han a do ve i s :hike a ha wk. His manner an d appe ur ance i n d ic a to a quiet r es ervfe and modesty a ppro aching nearly to diffi dence , whic h but 11 ttle a c c ora .. i t h th0. fi er y cour age , f e r vid eloquenc e , o.nd strong f eelings , wh i. c b ma rk hi s cha r a c t er as deve l op ca in his poli t i c a l and mil i t a ry hist ory. he has the manners o f an ami able gentl eman and warm- heart e d Kentucki an , a n d leaves upon every pe r Ron wi t h whom he c onverse s a very pleas ing i mp re s s i o n,,♦ Capta i n Cl ay l eave s our city to-day on h i s r etu r n to h i s home a nd f ami ihy , after ei ghteen mont hs of absence , t hA g reate r p art of wh:i. c h was spent i n capti vity. --. N. O. DELTA . Some of the c a pttves of Enc arm:1.ci on , h.a d e one with me t o ~ olsc a ; oth e rs we r e sen t in the di r e c ti on o f Tamp ico, and �- 266 - an d ma ny other s h a.cl gone h ome f a:rore1 oth e r p a r t s of the &r my , who , :.::omohow , or ot h er , had pro~en to be my devo te d f r i on a s . The off ic er s who had vi mla t ec1 t heir par ole , an d w}1om I s a i d o ugh t to h Hv o be en shot f or t llci r f ol l y in be in 13 trappe d i n t he h a ci enda , and wh o v1e r e en vi ou s of s ee i n g an enemy like Co l on el Men do z a pa yi ng t ri bute to my gal l a ntry , ha d cpr e a d al l k in ds of c a lmumnies aeai nst me . Th ese , t he dol di er s , no w in s ev e r a l Stat e:.::: , h a<'l warmly r e fut ed , b y volun tary pr o o f s in many r our nnl s ; s o t ha t , wh en I arriv e d a t Le :< i n e t on , no man i n the ttrmy , n o t even Ge n P.r a l Tayibor him. e l f , ~ou ld h a ve be en r e ceiv ed wi th s o g r e a t an ovati on . The ga l l en. t "b oys " who ha d sh a r fl d my de fea t by tho s lave h ol der s , a nd Tiho ha d be fore n o me an s of show i n e th e i r de v oti on, n ow rushe d ou t Yli t h wi ves a n d c h i l dr en t o me et me . Rob er t S . Todd, my ol d an d f a i thful f ri e n dl , t h e father of Mr s . Abraha m Li nco l n , wa s the on e s e l e cted to e i ve t h e a dd re s c of i'1cl co mc ; a n d s o Le .. ine; t on was n ever before , J!kill. . .li04#.IM11'14 i n such a s t ate of e n thus i a s m. I was escor t e d b y all t o my h ome , wher e a co l l a ti c :n ha d been p r e pu r e d; an d \'.'h e r e a ll , wi thou t; d i s t i n c ti on , gav e and r ece ive d wel co me. * I*-For t he Ob/fs e r ve r and Rep o r t er , \. ~ RE CEPTr orq OF CAPT . C. A :.1. CLAY . pub lic me e ti ng c on ven e d i n pu rs u anc e t o 1 pre vi ou s n ot ice , was h e l d at t h e Court - h ouse on Mon day e v en ing l a s t, to take int o cons i n er ati on t he propr i e t y o f mak ing s ome su i t ab l e demon Gt r a t i on of r es pe ct fo r C_ap t. Cas s i u s M. Cl oy . '1n hh: a rr i val a t h i s home in t h i s c ity , now dai l y l oo ke d f or . The meetin g wa s or ga ni zed by the app oin tment of Ro bert s . Tod d , Es ~ ., as Chairman ; a n d J ohn �- 267 - F . Lea vy , Se c r e t a r y . Th A following r e s olution s we re 8ubmit t e d , w~i ch a.ft or a bl e and elo (:uen t a dross e " f r om t he lfon,. Geo r g e Rob ert s on , J ames McMu rty , a nd Henr y C . Da ,, i s , -";s qrs ., / we re una ni mo u s ly ad opte d : ,,., dRESOLVED: That a s a demo ns t rati on of our esteem and c on f~nc e , we c o r d i t.l l y we lcome Capt . Ca s :; i u s Ivl . Cla y t o hi s :bome, un d t e nd er bi m a 1m bl i c r e ception. Tpat in the opina.nn of thi s meetin g , he RE:-:. 01 VED: po cses" es a ll t he hi gh est an d n cb les t qual iti es of th e 8 0ldi er; a nd t ha t , in tho volunt a r y prof f e r o f r. i s life to sa ve the lives of h i s me n , we h ave an ev idence of t h a t her od:b and s elf- s a cri ficin g s p irit which would ha ve won r enown on any fie l d , and i s t h e bri gh t e st ornam en t of the true s oldier. RB]SOL VED . Tha t h e wa s i mpclle d t o BO f orth to fi ght th e b a ttl e s o f h is country , fro m t h e l mfti e st cons i d erati ons of pa tri oti cm a ncl duty . REso:;:.v :it:). Tha t i n h i s t en d e r c a:re fo r tr e sick a n d s u f f erinG of h i s me n ; hi R s ympa t hy f or t h em in the pe rils ' and hards h i ps an d pr~v/a ti on R of a painful a nd hl a rsh i mpr i s onment ; hi s p r o vi s i on f or t he i r wa nt s , i n expending t r,.,1-.- l as t do llar of his money , and selli ng h is coa t, we see t he generous war m h eart a live to the aff t l iotion s and di s t res E-sJd 1 of th o honest a n d humbl est. Tha t the cit i ze ns o f Lex ing ton i .nrespe cti\/ ~ 1 ' .. of pa rty , tend.er t o C. M. Clay a co r di a l r ec ep tion and j ~~ ID;!::iOLVED : in th e recep tion . On L'l otion of Col. Lewinski, Col. D. 8 . Goo d ~p.,__/ Col. �( ( - 268 - Col. J esse Bayl es, and Edward Oldham, Esq ., we r e r0 r1 ue s ted to a ct a s Mars hals on th o occa sion . Th e me e tin g th an n.dj oun r ed . J. F . Leavy, Sec r etary. CAPT. CASSIUS Il-1 . R . S . Todd , Chairman. Cl.lfj.- This gallant Kentuckian re u ched this city on Satu:rda:.i la s t , bnd wari welcomed by hi s felloi7- cit iz ens by a d i s:pla y of enthu s iasm never before witness ed i n thalt country . At an e a rly hour, men , women a n d c h ild.ren from a ll s e ctio~of the country might be seen wending their way to the c ity; a:R~ - f }:0s - a l le - s e0;:i:-eRs-ef tH0-e0~t-i:y and at di f f er nt po ints f orming themselves into groups , v:rh ,m the va lor ous d eeds of our Cas :~i us were recoun ted t o t h em by our mo dern Tribunes ~ not by publ ic f uncti onari es bp.t by th ose wh o were eye - witnews es to his mart i a l deeds , a n d who wer e conversant with the c ountry in whi ch he was de t ai n ed a _p ri s oner . About 1 o'clock p . m.1 / the omni bus , wt ic h conveye d h i m from Fra nkfor t• reache d the / suburbs of tho city , when tho as embl ed mult i t ude we r e \ \ made acq uaint ea wit b tho fa. c t by tr..c b ooming o f cannon, / t he ec ho of wLi. cb d i ed away ami o tr.o shout s of Kentucky ' s , n bb l e yeomanry. 'l1hi thor t hey s pecl the i r way , v,hcn ho was gr eete d with cheers - l oud a n d lon g ~ which ma de the we l k in rin g . He was t he n v1oleo mod LJme by Captc1i n J ouett • chairman of t l:c commi ttee app oj_nted f or that purpos e, in an approp ri a t e spee c h . Havin g unde1 gon e gre i:, t f a tJ gue in traEe lling ' 7 Captain Olay was un 1-: ble t o s p eak at a ny gre a t leng th; but invit e d eve r ybody ( about 500 :, e o ple) to t ake supper with h i m in th e e vening . He was t hen es corte d to h i s r esi de nce b y thr- ee mi lit a ry companie s a nd an uss e mbl ed multitude . During �( ( - 269 - During their ma rch t hro u gh the city, th e me rr y peals of a ll tho c hruc h bells in tho ci ty f i llod tho air with muB ic, and 1 ent a charm to the Gpo l l v1hich b oum1 tho he a r ts of a ll. ,/ The r,i nd ows of ev n ry h ous e on t he rout e wer e f i 1 l ecl v;it h / Kon tucky ' s f a ir daughte rs, who wave d the ir }ma: han dke r ch i e fs in to ken of the i r we lcome , E..S the pr orJessi on mov e d on . At a n early h our i n t he e vening , the hous e of Captain Clay was f ill ed to ove r flowing by h i s f r i e nds, who we r e anxi ous to excriange with h irn -8 a lutati on s o f f r ie nd Ehi:p , a n d bid h im in pro pr i a per s ona . "we lcome h ome". LEXINGTON I Ni,..t:LLl G.ENCER . CAPTAIN C. ;~1. CLAY' S A.RLI VAL AN D RECF.:P TION . - The f iring of c a nnon at early dawn on Satu rda y morning , l as t, in conjuncti on wi t;h pr int ed ad vert is eme n ts freely cir- cu;ta ted. a mon g our citiz en s , ma. de knovm to t h em t l-ia.t t his gentlemM would certainly a rrive at 2 o'clock p . m. Long prec e<'l in e that t i me . a lar ge concours e of people , ma le , and fema,l e, :i:n ca.rrij_agos . on horses , a n d on f oo t , ha d 1 assembled a t the ou tskir ts of the eit y to e r ee t his coming . E.undre c1s i f not tr.ous a nd s , unxi...ms l ;y 1n1ai te d t-1:t- hi s ap pro a ch. Hi s long and a r duous c aptivit y in a h os ti le coun t r y, a n d , during th at c ap tivity , the magn a nimity he I \ exhibite.d toward hi s fe llow- suf f er er s . who had l ess advant ag es, an d t he f a ct tha t he 1.·.as debar red b y unavdlllidab~ misfortune , fr om par tic i pat ing in u n y of t he g lorious ,. victote s which h ave cro wn od our a rms i n Mexico, altoge,the : h a d aw,.!.k ened and 4nlis t e a. t ho wa r me st e yip.pa thies of h \i,s fellow-citi zen s . Minut �( { - 270 - Minu t e g unc v:ere fire d as ho e ntered t he city. Aft e r re >J.c1. i ng the p r inci1ial s trect . Car,t a i n A# .J ~tJf"' in ?..) be ha lf of the mi l i t a r y , we l comed h i m home i n a b r ief , e lo quent , a nd tas t e ful addre s s , to wh ich Ca ptain Clay , in a p 1 ;roprfo. te and f e eling t e rms , r erJponde d . Rob ert S . Tocl<1, Rs q ., who prt-1 : . : ide d at tho meeti ng o f the citizens . whi~ ~ no l vcd t o g ive to Capt &in Clay , the A co~pliment of a _pu blic r cceipt i on , then to ok the s tand , a n d in } I B mos t bea utiful and cordi a l manner, welcome d the gallent Captain h ome , whic h met a war m r ocponse f rom t h e multitude which f.ur r ouno.e d him. Af t er Mr . Todd co nclud e d , the procession mov e d on to the r esidence o f Capt a i n Clay , and t h er e took leave of him. Tho r e ce p t ion , howover, e nded no t he re. The fri e nd s of Ca ptain Clay had p r c~pa re c for iJtllm1Jina tin5 the l a r ge l awn which fronts his r e s idence ; a nd , upam his invitatLm , our c itiz en s th:rongec1 the b ous e c.n n premi8os aft er nt ght , r1he r e a n ol o gant supper v,: a c prepa r ed irEHa- :l;he , fo r them and , after a f r ien cll;y a nd co r dia l interchanee of feeli ng a n d ::,entiment . the gro a t ma s s of pe o1)le quie tly d i e pc r sed . - OBSERVER A~rn R~~.PORT};}; . Cha r l e s E . Mooney , John J • .!finc h , end Al.f r ed 1. rgabrig ht, who were among thB Enc a r nac i on p risoners , h ave pub li shed a card in the Le x ington Observer s pc, aking tn the highos t terms of t he t rea tment they r e ceived from Captain Cl a y d uring their cap tivity . They say: "When Capt a i n Henry mad.e rd s es c ape , and the Mex i can ✓ �( ( - 2 71 - Me x i can c ommmid.e r, excited l :1, tha t ev en t , gave ord ers for 1 t h e ma s s a cre o f the Amer ic a ns , Captni n Cl a y :t?~:a- t e-kiEE,e xc l a imed : " Kill t he officer s ; spar e t h o so l di e r s !" A Mexi can ~ti.a;jor ran to h i m, p r esenti n g a eeka:- co r,Jrnd pis tol to his l1r nas t . He s till exclaimed : 11 Ki l l me - k i l l t h e off'jii c e rs , bu t s p.:i.re t he me n - t h ey a re innocent!" Who but C. M. Cl ay , wi t h a l o ad e d p h , t ol to bis h e art, an d i n th e h an ds of nn en r fagc d en omy , would have shown such ma gn a nimou o sel f - devot ion? be c a l le d II I f a n ~ man ever wa s ent i t l cd to t he s o l d i e r' s f ri e nd n he i s . .tie was e v er w~tchQ ful a n d kind towa r d. us , a llowin g eve r;,, priv i l cee t hat woul d b e g r a nte d by z,J.r enemi es ; turned a l l order s and c omrna nds in t o ad vice ann con s ol e me n t; and , u pon ou r ma r c h t o t h e c ity , woul d tak e tu'r n by t urn , a ll m•ring u s to ri d.e h i s mule , that we migh t s t and th e ma ch of f orty mi l es a d a y ; divi d ed t ho l gs t cent o f money he h ad wit h us , an d r eso rt e d to ev ery sacri fi ce to rra ke us happy a n d co mfo r t ab l e . h e d i npo s e d of h i s mul e , when h e foun d i t ne c eflsa r y ~ t he on l y a n i mal h e had - his bu f f a l o r ug , hi s wa tch, an d al l h i s c lothe s b ut on e s u i t a n n Gu pj>lied our wants . He n ot onl j.' acte d in t hJ s man ner tovrnrll thos e- wh o r:e r e und.er his i :mmed i a t e comman d , b u t t o a l l; a na ex p Te s s e d his Te Lr et th a t h e was una ble t o d o mo r e ." LEXI HGTOH OBSF..RVER AND REPORTER, Oc to ber 2 0 , 1 847. « 1 firs t me t Ca s s i a & M. Cl a y in Ci n c inna ti, i n t h e vlint e r of 1 847. Me x ican Via r. h e had j u s t r e t u r n e e! f r om the On e ev eninr, t h e matchless J unius Br u t us Bo o t h was t o p l a y Ri cha r d III a t t h e l~a t i ona l Theatre. Tb s t ructure was a compac t mass o f beauty, b r a i n s , and bu s in, g i an t s . J ust b ef or e the per for man c e b egan, ther e nas g reat �( ( - 272 - g r e at a ppl auze , a n d sho u ts from hundre c.ls of vo i ces , for Ca s s i us M. Clay. v a s t a s s embly . { He arose in the box, bowing t o tho ¥,Htst As t h e ro &r s ubside r. , t he cu rtain a ros e, a n d Booth c a me fo rward , c asting h i s eye tow &rd t he box s imulta n eousl;y v.> i th t be f i rst word of h i e part . .caueh t 1vlr . Clay ' s eye and bowed • He Mr. Clay a. rose , bow ing , a.mi d a wh i rlw.incl o f appl a uze /tha t aga i n swep t over the vas t au d i e nce . That tj:1.£~h t was r ender ed memorabl e by Bosworth 11 1:i"ield,'' A hmrs e! a hor s e! my kingdom for a h or se ! my f ir s t 1iew of Ca ss i u s M. Cl ay. 1 a.nd I cons idered him the f inest typ e o f ma nhoo d I had eve Y s een:'** *** *** * "In 1850 , I becam e a cj t i zen of Le xingt o n , gr acl uat ine fro r.1 olri Tr a nsylvania . My f i ve year s of r esidence t h ere a f f or ded £ llfll~ fre quent oppo r tunity fo r meeti ng Cass ius :i1. Clay , a n d re ceiving s uch adv ice as a man of' r.:. i B commandin g talo nt s could g i ve to y oungmen . / In the s ummer o f 1852 or ' 531 Mr . Cl ay r etu rned from New Yor k, v1hore h e ba d gone to s peak . lie di ne d wi t h his neice , !Jr s . Davi s S . Goodl oe , and was to d ri ve to Ri chmond , una t tended except b y a co l ored boy . a g re at deal There was then of wcild talk a mon g the p opula ce, and Col . Goodloe s ugges ted t h at on e o f t be young mon s hou ld a ccomIlany him, to be of s ervic e s hould a n y thin 0 ha py:en . Wi t h tho c ompos ure of a surru:1e r' s zephyr a n a a fat he rly s mile, Mr. Clay r e pli ed , nNo, Colone l; I c a n t a ke car e of mys elf. These yo ung men s h a ll no t b e e xp osed to a ny dan ge r t hat ma y t hreaten me . 11 I ha v e oft en thoug h t of tha t after- din ner exper i e nce in my Le::-: ing ton life . u FromffRec oll ecti onSo f Cass ius Iii. Cl ay , n by C . C. �( - 273 - ~ Pomero y , Columbus, O., 1907. H. Whi l fJt in Mo:xic o I £'el t two very rm..,.rke d or e a rthqu ak es . 11 tro mb lors , 11 I n the Santa Anna t heatre , a par t of which was a ho tel , I was r oomine i n the t hird sto ry, and wr· ile fu lly a\': ake , 1mt yet lyi ng in bod ono morning , t he d oo r □ of tlIB c l ot he s-press moved visib ly on their hinges , rnaki n c a slig ht n c h 1e . eart hc:ua:ke. My I at on c e kne w it was an fir s t i dea wa~-, to run dovm , a n d into the street; but, on refl ectio n , I concluded that, in so doing , I would bo in e 1u a l, or great e r, dange1· t :L1:1.n i n rem.a ining . S o, wit h a '.I'urk ' ::; Bens e of fat a li ty , l r (➔ mainen i n b od . Agai n , when at Toluca , o itting in a port~co wit h some oompfanions , a more lHmsible s}1oc k - · ica ns cri ed out ' ~emblor n f VJa R fe lt. The Mex - But , as we we r e near t h e g r ound, a n d a slie;l2.t roof over our head.s , n o o:ue r.1.oved . In no event , i n h m!lan e x r;eri cn ce, doe s one feel more u tterly helpl ess tha n dur int:, an earthqu ake , u nless it b e in th~ mids t of a mob , suer.. a s tba t I v1ent through in 1 845; c,n d ,·rhe n a l l that 8eemed po Gft ible was sto ic a lly to submit to f a te . / CBAPTRR X . Towa rd the c l ou e of the year 1 84 7 , pf.rti es began , a s u s u.a l , to p r e p a re for tho n ext Presidential e l e ction . I said in reply to Roberts . Todd ' s spe ech , that I returned with my views on tho tol a ver;y of General z. is s ue unchane;ed. Tho gallant r y Taylor* THE QUEST I Ol{ - LET TER JfROM C. M. CLAY . �( - 274 - Correspondence of The T1·i b une. ·-- White Hal 1 , P . O., Ky ., June 28, 1 848 Dear Greele:,: : ·- :- As you har e h a.d some tj me 1.o cool as well a s myse l f , nn d se em y e t hes .i t ~i t ing \',h 0 ther or no t to go for tho r cgulti r \'/hiB n omination , you ,7ill t! a llow me to t: u gge ot s. f ew thougl:l\for y our cons iffera tion . \ve are both Whi gs fro :1 y outh u p to the pre sent time . We certa inl y , then, if ,;rn nh oul d t}~j_nk p ro pe r a t a ny tim e to cho.n ge our party a lli a nce s , c anno t be reproached with dese rtine our f i rs t l ove for any te other mo tive than because t he V,'higs cease t o b e worthy of f arther a l l i ances . That you shc u l d hesita te what to do in th e pres en t emer g ency , ,;:h P- n the s ub ject of Slavery Extension comes u p for imme di ate a ct i on , i s to me a i:: ource of ple a s ure nncl ho p e r a ther than of pain or cens ure . 1e t u s th en see . I n the f i rst p l ace fairness r e,ft.lires .Mo rthern fri e,nds of Ta.ymor i;;i Rhod to r u n him a.G u.n ino e pendent c a n di date ; but no, sai d you an d t: i f a '' Whig , but not an ultra Wn ie," let him come into th e Conven tio n an d stnn d or f a ll wit h the Whigs . I t c an hardly be pos s i b l e tha t y 0u wi shed tc bring us into c ounsel to destroy us! Pe r s onal honor , the n( re quires y ou to s up port Tayibor , unle SE th e He pub lic mEi.Il:i. fe s tly ~-,ould r ece i ve gre a t detrime nt b y y our fide lity to pledges . Let u n see. Ca n i.-,e bea t Taylor and Cass wi th a f:cee so i l candida te? If we can, I thi nk the g r ea t ques ti on o:f �( ( - 275 - of the a.g e re qu i res us to insure a certainti , and not t rust an 1moertainty. WHI GS s ho uld e l e c t the man who will VB'.I10 ALL SLAVE EXTENS I ON . I t hi nk you will bf)lie ve , with me, that " ·rHJ-: TI ME HAS lWT YET CO;i'JE , " Any de f e c tion , t hen, on our pa rt n il l enur,3 to the benefit of Lewis Gess and. to the i njury o f z. Tayk or , Now , h owe ver mucp d en ounce d , I am for the "LESSER Ji:;VlJ.,'! I know n o moralit y base d u pon a ny othe r PRIN~ CIPLE1 tha n to look aroun n you and .MAKE THJ;~ BEST of a ll the circumst ances whfo h occur. Any other :princi ple put s t l:f; c oe d i n the p ovrer of the bad t he sc rupulous in th e powe r of the unsc r u pulou s - the jus t in the povtc r of tbo un juc t. men. Fi r s t , then , a s to r1.1 ayl or i s a s l av eholder b y birth and ha1 it - Cass a s l aveho l a er J?OLI TI CALLY BY ChLCUL.AT I OH. I cay 1'ay lor. i s the bett er man? stand commttted'? Which Row do they Taylor s ayR nothine up on the s ubjeot of Sl avery , but claims Washington as h i s mod el, a n d d.ecl a.re s tn f a vor of the s u pr emacy o f Cong res s . Cass holds that Co nz re s s cann ot l e g i s l a t e agai ns t the admission of Sl a ver y into new ter ritorie s , a..."ld of _,,---~ ours e must v e to a ny b il 1 PROHIB ITING I TS I NTRODUC'11 I 0N . As men, t hen Tuylor is pre fe r abl e to Ca s s . 1 as to parties . Who wi ll be mos t apt to stctD.d for Li b erty, the Whigs or the ir opponents? speak! Le t No~ the Mexican War spcA.k ! ultras of tl·,o South sp.."lak ! L et Texas Le t the Let th ose who openly avow in Convention "A.LL OF MEXICO AJ:lD CU:BAr' speak ! Again, suppose Lewi s Cass Pr e s i den t , a n d a b ill coM.LA u p for the admi sE ion of Now Mexi co into the Unionor it s c on stit uti on into a Terr i tor i al Gove rnrnent - �( ( - 276 - and a majo r ity of Cong re s s 1mt in the Wilmo t Provi s o , Y.ril 1 t hey stand out n gainst the Execut ive Veto mid claim n FREE answerX} SOlL OR lW t1 0 l L? Let the vote of Texas Sup1,ose Ta~rlo r Presia.ent , and suoh a bil l u p , will n ot the who l e Wh i g party of the North and some larg e po rtio n of the South say "FREE SO I L OR NO Let the past m1swc r also . From Gen. Taylo r's p l edrs , I b f~lieve t h&t he cotl ld not in t er i'ere by the Veto ; f or unles s n ot interfere . the➔ law be uncons ti t utional he could But with a ll th e acts o f thi s Gove r n - ment in f e.vo r of Sih aver y Restrict ion, a s ably se t fort h i n t he Ut ica Address, vrith the le ad o f Washing - ton and J e ffe r s on , I thin k t h e r e i s a mo r a l certainty that he coul c'l nm t vet o s uch a bil 1. But suppose h e di d : would not the triumph of the Wh i g party with its 1!'RKF, SOIL PREG TICm be more likel y to true SUin,IDOll men en ou gh to LOCK jhe wh ee l s of pro - sl a very- action , than.:, !, t he s a me result v,o ul d b e l i.k el;y to occur und er THE PARTY WHO CJ.udM TE:<AS ArJ AN " RXTE:NS IOlJ OF TH:~ AREA Such at le a s t are my concl ils ions, honestly ancl ma turely arrived a t. On "the quest i on" ~ - · - . osa ,... of Sl ave r y , whi.cb to me i s the most vital of all , however; much I may b e denounc ed for inconsistency . Taylo r, tho s l aveholder, i s to Cass . j nfJni t ely proffl r a ble S i mp l y as a me mbor of a Hepublic, I in other respect s de s i re th at th e Constituti on shou ld be restor ed Q the f a ith of the nat i on vindicated - i ts ma.g~imi ty a n d h o no r roo s t ab l i s hcd - i ts lead i n the va n of, n a tions r o,,gained. In our domestic policy , I �( - 2 77 - I d.nB ire t o s 0e economy br ou gh t b a ck int o the disbursement o f t axes - fide Uty to p ub lic trus t rewarded - l)artisan f e e l i n g mo der nt e d - i n d us try a n d i mproveme nt r e vived - i n a wor d , I l ong fo r a P~TERNAL instead of a DI~STRUC'.I'I VE r ul e r! That :,itchar y Taylor i r, the man for t heti mes I h onest l y bcl i eve. I t rus t you and the _people wil l fi nal l y a l s o so con clude . Re s p e c t fu lly y our Ob ' t s erv 't, ~ . M. CLAY I I I \ P. s. The pledt s made never aga in to vote f or a s l a v eho l der. I reea rc1 a s st o r t - s i ght e d.. Why trammel ourc e l ve s t hn t the enemy may conqu e r us? The onl y ~!,.d,:;e 1 i f i nd eed pledges are a t al l u seful in any cause, should iJ C )' F.A I11H:I~'ULLY and HO.NOl~ABLY TO CARRY OUT,. \_ \ C . :.1. C ~ ~ i n t h ,8 /\a r h ad made him many frj_cna s ; anc1 thn e f f ort of the Deomoc ratic Adm ini s tr a tt ;JJ~ to weake n his m.1cc esi, b y the div er s i o:n of Ge n ern l 'i'J infi e ld Sc ot t' s 1'1B.rch u pon Mezico J / ad ded to Taylo r 1 s suppo rt ers • who fe 1 t t i n tend&d toward. a ga l l a nt Rold ier . moddra4.; e cap~,. c tty, but ti, succ ess f ul as a 8 ol dior . r..u t in just i ce was Ta y l or was a man o f fine c h,;r a c ger; and hac1 been Li ke most o f the r egu l a r a r my , he ca r ed but l i tt l e for poli t ics ; ha d rarely voted , b u t was reg ar d ed as u Whi g . The mer e po li ti c i ans in the Whig r a nks . lon g f ol l ower r, of Henr;;1 Cl ay , began to we.ary of continue d de fe at , a nd naw i n Taylor the way to Power. Mr. Clay , i n th0 las t c an va ss , made n o n ew fr i ends , and lo? t many old on es . Tayl or h a d no en c mie s ; a n a, W his being , .,-' �{ ( - 278 - being a s l ave-mm.er, ,,i;J1ic h vrnul,1 l os e him some 1',t i g s , would be comri ensated by t h e many Souther n De mocrats , arnl others , vi t o woul d fill their pl a ce s on account of his mili tary glor y. My p er son a l quarrel with the Whi g Party , who s tr uck hands with the Democra ts in the overthrow o f the TRUE AMERI CAN; my a lienati rrn f r om Mr . Cla y , a nd my gratitude to Gene r a l Tail or , for hi::: friendly reception of me in the army , thr~w me at onc e i n to t he r a nks of Taylor ' s friend s . BeB i des , i t v:as a part of my po ld c y to b u ild up t he new one of uni v e rsal liberty. Gen e r a l Taylor ' s friend s , seeing that Clay had t ho old pa r t y ma chin e r y , advis ed Tayl or to t ake a n tndependent po1::1i t ion; and he was re r;a rded as an indepe nd ent c andida te when he wa E homin a ted a t Ba l timore by the nomina l V:h i gh Conv en ti on . I en ter od at one e in to the c a nvass, join ed. by t he s ecret frie na.s o:f Taylor. With my own fol l owe rs , wo ca:c:r ed tJ1e Fayette delo gati on to th e Sts te Wh i g Conven tion in f a vor of Tayl or , I being one of t hem . At Fr an}dort I a s s umed t h e leadere:t:.ip , b e ing un - t r a mmelled b y :part~, ti cs, ana l a ckin g th at timid ity which partiians a l ways show in n ew movements . All th8 f actions o f th e \':hi e Par ty ac ted with me . I dwelt u pon Tayl or ' s ~l or mous v :ic t ories , his noble chara cter , a n d the i nju s tice done hi.m . Our policy wa s t o appoint r elegate s fa vore.blc to Taylor in a qu iet way ; and t h is we ace oTapl i e hed , so as to have a majo rity . The Cl ay i tes , seeing that a de f ea t here would be ruin in i n the Nati on a l Conventi on , wer e a fraid to t ake a vote i n h i s favo r . Ga rre t t Dav i s , who was the friend of my brother, Brutu s J. Clay , of tte s ame county of :Bourbon , and who ha d e one to Le x i ng ton during th e mob of 1845 in my a. defense �( - 279 de fense , was tru 0 to Clay , and war, _put f o r wa1 d. n.s their l eader . He mad e a vi.olont and tm t :ru o as ~] aul t u pon me p er sonal ly ; but I hgd h i gh er ge.me in hand , and di d no t i n t end to be d.i v e r t ed from my purpose . So I pc1 i d no a t t en t j on v, ha t e v er t o tho 1 it t l e man • As soon os the Conventio n was over , I went i mmed i at e l y to New York City , and , in the Courie r a nd En g_u i r e r ( t h e newspaper of James Wilit s ,.:: n \:·ebb , who fav or ed. 1 Tay l o~)/ pub lished an op en let te r , in which I stated tbat Mr. Cl a y ' s ovm S t a te delegati on was in f a vor of Gener al Tayl or ; and de pr e c at e d any fur ther was te o f iVhig s trengt h i n Dt t ompting to nomina te Cl ay . He , however , came out in an open letter , a dvocating his own }'omina t ion . Th a t was c on trary to the plo1e of his fr i en<1B at Fr~nkfo r t. arn-lftta. So I wrote a second l e t te r, in wr..ich I Mr . Clay for undue amb i tion; and r e vi ewed his cla i ms to continued support i n t he b i tterest l etter of my lif e . pr e ss roared a s a he r d of wil d boas t s . The Ol ay - Whie The i r l ast c t nnc e o f' promotion , ambition , or triurip was gone fore ve r . waEJ badly beat en in the Conven t i on ; and Clay Taylor was nomin a ted a.na o l o c t e d - Mil l ard Filmore , of New York, be ing the Vi ce - Pre s i d.en t . Among o thers , the New York Ji:xprP.88 , ecl ited. b y the Broo~s , rJUbli s hed a violent and u...11true att a ck UI) On A - me, and re f used t o publ i sh my r eply . Ther e up on, I wro t e , f rom t he As t o r House t o the in , demanding , i n a d.e t e r mined way , j u s t i c e; fo :r I was re a dy , j_n some fo ·r-m, to de fen d myse l f - with p en or s word . my respon s e . So the y , next day , publi s hed As soon a s Clay was beaten , I was f i l l ed witt reg,~e t . This �\ - 280 This lotter of min e to Hfm ry Clay wa s written b efor e t he :pub licati on of my " Writ ings a n d. Speec b1s," in 1 848; but I di a n o t ins ert it , b ecause the1 fo r cool co n r i dera ti on. clo just ice t o .Henr y Cl ay . .1)1o r will 2 ·w as no time I produce it now, but The letters were written under circ u mstcmces wh ich e xc ited in me the g r eat est i n di gnati on, in view of all the f a cts lr..n own to me , a n d aggr a vated by a mi sap p rehension of other a lleged facts . The mob - mov emcn t begun 1Jefore th e 15th, was c a lled 1 ~evera l days behor eh and , ana was to ass embl e on t h!) 18th of In t he interva l lienry Cl ay and Rober't P . 1 Le t cher 1 8ft Lexing ton in a pr ivate co nveyance , and went to Aug us t, 1845. n1•to- Vi r g inia. White Suiliphur Spring s , unexpectealy to everybody . J Dilles B. Clay , a s on o f Henry Cl ay , was Se cre- the t a r y of the Re voluti ont:.ir y Committee of Si x ty tb a t. s .e nt my :pr ess to Cinc inn at i. As t h o h a n d.b ill s ge n er a lly ci.rcu l a ted ' ' . i n the interior of KentuckiJ c alled fo r my de a th, it will , be seen that I s too d her e u p on imr>ro gn a ble gr o unds in \ my l etter . Th e fri e nds of Cla y in t-'he E'rankfor t Conv ehtibn" h ad p l ed e;e d t hom r: e lves that , i f we / took no vot e i.n f aV'O'r' ' of G·enerul Taylor , Mr . Cl ay r1ould no t be a can<'l.id a te; and we too k none. When, the r e for e , I read .Mr. Clay ' s l e tter, cons enting to run for the Presidenti,al nomina ti on, I fe·l t t hat a ne w wro n g was adde d t o tho ol d • An d ye t mor e ~ '.' ' ' \ ' Sa muel Shy had jus t wr i t t en to mo , the n in New York, that ~·· ? Chief '\ .. •'-,, "Old Chief" as Clay was gen er a l ly c a lled, t mmed out to be 't ~ t he nOld Ch i e f", a n d other coum, el for J a mes B. Cla~ , had driv e n them into tr i a l, with my c ouns el a b s ent, etc. . ' \ \ �( - 281 - Ch i e f-Jus ti ce Rober tson . !:: . o o.11 those ucc u.mula ted v:r ongs, a s I saw th em. d rov e me t o t u rn on my on e;r.ies ni th a ll the p ower I coulfl TT i e l d . Suc h i s the h i r to:rJ of thi s noted le t t er. When ' \ I found I was wrong in thA t1.o s ert ion o f Mr . Cl a y 's presence at the tri al, I wrot fJ a l e tt or co r roctine my s tat ement; a nd, when l was cool , I f el t e incer cl ~rt ~ for t he angry method of my ware f a re. So much · . my defense . After I cor:11mr e d J/1r . Cl ay with others of mod ern tim es , I 8aW hew i nfin i t0 ly more honorabl e he was than t hey, a nn 'h ow much he dese r v e d t o 'be Pres i ('< ent ; and , above a ll, I sav, how s o many of h i s p retended fri e nds s t abbed him in tho dark , till my anger agnins t hi m turn ed I into p ity, for his undeDe rvea fat e. Cando r now ccmpmls me to revers e my opini onB of h i s cond uct; and l ' t: iva the r e as ons . When Wick liffe was be aten by me in 1 840 , Mr . Cluy vote d for me . 'i'1wn arose tho El av e r ;y i ssue . I was again a c an clidRte in J.841; and 1ir . Olay advi P e d. me not to, run aga.in, but to await a more f avorabl e time . I s aw wa1' said i n go ud f n.ith . r;e stoo,: Such time for me woul d. no ver come . in 1841. 0,1 This di f::f:e r e n t ground . I ther':':d or e r a n again Now, as ]ir . ClaJr advi sed me n ot to :tun, an cl I did n Gt fo l l ow his adv ice , I do n o t t }ll n k that I had any right to dencun ce him in a political sense fo r l eaving me to my fat e in 1 845 . I jud ge d h i G duty to me by my own heart , ~ n ot by th e lo gi c of eve nts . Wit h r ega rcl to tho Texas is r ue , A'l.r . Cl ay ne v er contradic t ed �- 282 - c on t ra d ic-te a his "Ralei E;h l e t t e r" b y hi s ".Al:::.bamr: l ettertt , ~be libo li ti on i ts put a wro n & cons true t i o n u pon hif! l e tter, which my g ric vt· nc es a.e;H-i nst him ca us ed me tc fo l l ow, wi thout suff icien t study of h i ~ r eal op ini on s expro se d i n t h ose two le t ter s . So thut the term 11 Janus - f a c c d". thoueh a pp&. ren tly app l i cablie~ on mature r efl e cti on was onl y so i n a pp earanc e . Lon G years ar;o h i o Rons and l h8. vc been on f riendly tenils, tk~ - tFYtR-aes~~- tR~ee- und ers tanding the truth ab out these letters ; ana , had I $pac e , I Y1•oulcl pu'bl i sh t hem now , with t ho vi ew of g ivinc a truA hi s torical a c co unt of a per s o n a l ana poli t i cal affair~ i n whj c h l claim that the 11 ~llan t Harry" was rig h t , and I was wro n g* *H:8.NRY CLAY - This e en t l cman mi gr: t , l'H-,d h e seen f i ~, hav e pre vented t hP mob at ~exington . h o could have tried t o stop i t . At any r at e , But what d id h e ? Accordin g t o th e papc r s , ho left :i..exi n et.o n on th e cluy befo:ce tho mob , Vll~ll kn o,.·l.i. n r; what was i n pr ogress , an d a bundone d t ho friend rrho ba n been so fa:i. t hful, and who had d one s o muc h for h ' m, an infu r i a t ed mob ! to t he t ern. er merc i es of Is t h i s the chi. va lrouB and gon r:rous " Har r y c f the We s t ? 11 }'~ vim s o . Ana Henr y Clay' s son , J ame s B. Cla y , acted as So cret&r y of t he ~ob Commi tte e t hat broke u p the r,rin t i ne off i ce . think you of this , rihi es of t h e Nor th? What - Chic ag o -- News , H348 . Fo r the Lo ui fWi l l e Courier . TO THF. 1--UBLI C • Th e extraoid.flnary war wh ich bas been rw. de upon me �- 283 - by t he pres s s i nce my pub lica ti on of the Clay letter , t ho ugh unpar al l e le d for vindictiveness in the h i s tor y of thi s c o untry , str1 ke s n o terror in to my spi rit . I have l i ved throu gh more conccnt r a te 6 and b i t te!·t i f no t more wi de - Spll'ea. cl ca l umny , t han t,riis - bidin~ my ti me , r e p osi ng u :pcn the: in t er:ri ty of rny purr,0~10s , an<1 t "to u l ti mate tri umph of f;ruth a n a j m , hcc , ti l l ; i n the p l a co of my de gr a dat i on , tbose ~t me man , i n publi c e.sso(')bly, anally Go l emn v ot e , magnuci.mously b ore tes ti mony to my honor , int egriti, and patrioti s m. I n thb t l et t e r, u pon the c oole st e xaminatio n , l find n:othin t, t o r c tr ... c t . Clay to 1• +-. ., r., I cbal le nr; e tr.e fri<1.nch; of H. re fu t a.t i on • The s p iri t of the l e tter , I run no t by a n y mea n s prepur el't to defend . tfo man fee l s mor e t r u ly than I , tha t it i G be tt e r to forg ive tha n to a ven ge ! I f eel n o t riumph ov e r , • Clay I t~ defcat . Th ~ f a ult s wbic h I ut t:r.i Lut e to h i.m are s wr. ns f l o11 fr om to o gre a t 1..1.l!lb i ti cn . I f a mb i t i or, be thn vice of n ob l e mind.s , I am more r cRdy t o l ament tht1 11 to deno unc e. I rce;ret tha t I ha ve , in tho d i Bchar e e o f my tlut y t o the Wh j g Party , a n t! the country , i n jured the fceling-s of B.. Clay . I for ! ear to urg- , the misapp r ehension of f 2.cts whic h influenc ecl me . A man who u n dertak es to i nstruct t he nu b l i c can not b e a llowed to p lead 1nOrance , o r r.ii x pe r sonal fee lln l) -vii th the s ac r e dness of count ry. , For this , I a m re ady to suf fe r the pen a lt y . _,;;, · c. M. C., 1 8 48. CORRECTI ON . White Ha ll P . O., Madison Co., Ky., May 1 9 , 1848• Edi t or of the Le:vi ne;t on Observer and Re1) or t c~r. Sir:- Upon my nr r i V&l at Lex i ng ton, on my retur n �- 284- fr o m Mc:d co , I lea. rnoa t ha t Hon. IL Cla;1 was one of the c ounsAl a go.i nst me in th o mob cas e . .Lioavin g h ime wi t h t 11& t i mpressi on , wh e n l '.:r . Shy wrote to me th::;, t he had be en forc e r. i.nto t:ri. a l withoutmy p r1nci pa l witness , vrithout my other ty:o c ouns el, a n d in m;y abs ence, s aying th a t hfl h ad succee ded agnJ ns t the " Ol d CHIEF ", I conc luded thb.t Mr. Cluy was . dlf co u rB e, a lluded t o ; as t h i s was a cle Ri. gnatior, f'v,r.1i l i a r)(ly ~ od by his a c- quan:intances . I have ju.st l ea rned, however, from a a fri end , t h s,t Mr. Clay was not pre s ent a t the t ri a lj and , as l have g i ven currency to the roport, both by conv e r s a ti on a nd l e t te r, on my fir s t i mpres s ions , it i s due t o my self ~ .Mr. Ol a y, that I shoul d novv make t he only n :)par a ti on in my pow er, b y asking the :pub lic a ti on of t h i s e n.r d . I excee dj_ngl y regret this error o f mine , us it i s the ca u s e of some i rnjus tice to Mr . Clay at a crit ical period ; and t he _publj_c p re ss , unfortun a tely , is not a l ~ ays as r eady to r e pai r an in jury as to do one . Your obe d i e nt Hervant, C . iv1 . CLAY. ~ P . S . - I pre s um e Ex - Chi ef Jus t ice Robert s on was n l l u.de d to oy the des i e;n11'Li o n of 11 01d Chief'; ..l'C . ~!:l:U ...: r l i ' ~. - ~ ~ w4U ¥ y ~ ~ ~ ••••i•~x«M~~~nki=mx~£ziaxnixi~.m1~ix~~¥ zRa thex z lEtx0£z.&pxix ixi ~;xzxzxzxzxzxzx ·/ �- 285 - Hen ry Clay by ev ent s . I B s t atcsrnanshi p is emi nentl y prov e d Th e ultra Ab ol i tionit s Al •cteri Polk , l ike the Pr ohibi ti onits d id Cleveland - t h eir antip o d es. A& Cl ay predic t e d , tl1e11 c ~1mo vJo,r ; nna t t o oo n s t i titu j on_ ws.B viola ted in t ho ann exa ti on o f Texas . d,r The s l,._ve- povrnr, enc oura ged h y succe s s , ma. de Texa s a s la ve St ate , c apt-).ble of d i v5zion i nto many Sta te s , /i and· thus brought on the Ci viJ. War . .Aa Cl ay f or etold, Te xas. 1.i f t 0r S t a te. Bµt the e nd i s not yet . ar o i .n power.. a J.J. , i G & f r ee The Bou r bo n Democ r ats Will they s a ve themse lves b y mak:i.ng Der.10 - cra tio St Et t e,u out o f Tex as , and t hus c l:8.n ~;·e t he Sen a te? If Clay had been ele cted by the ins ane ultre.ist s , i n 1 8~4 , mi ght no t Bl a vcrJ.f h a-ve bAen a.bo lif:hed :peaceably, and the conse!·vat i ve el emen ts of' t he Nation n 0w be i n p ower ,. i n the Uni 011? / U1tre f a ct ions in a l ! ag es havo b e en the ruin of St a teB . Thus , 7:hil st tho W:hi e; Pa.rt y v,as di ': i ctea. i ~to :pe rso n a l a nd politica l fiw t i ons , a n d waF has t e ning to d i s s c - l ut i on , th e Democra ts wer A in no be t ter cond ition . John Quin,cy J..dams ha vine a tt a cked , . o r rat her etc f en de d , the :pe op le a gc1inE: t t ho a tta ck of tbe slaire_- _p owe r on t ho Ri c;ht of •••i- P_oti t ion , h ad be gun t ho po l i t icvl war whi ch tho Abo l ition Party h ad moral l y orga nized . He was s u s t ai ned by J oshua. R . \. Gi dd ings , a Whi g , ana. Sa l mon P . Ch ase a nd J ohn P. Hal e , Demo era t s , as t h o l ead int f orces . Bo t h :par ti es b e gan rap i dly to d i s integr a t e u pon t h i s on e i s rm e ; f or Mr • .&da ms had s umme d i t u p l ong before Seward ' s nrrr epress i ble Conflict", b ~\ sayi n 6 : ' " Sl a very wil l f a l l befor e the Union , �- 2 86 - or the Un i on wi l l fall before Sl aver y . " * * For t h e Yeoman . CP.RHOL COuH TY • KENTUC.: KY. A'f a larg e and nn tr. ue i a stic as s0 I"lb ly ' of the Do¢mocr11ti.c .ti.Ss odati on o:f' Carrol count:) , Ky., on the l z t of April . 1844 , Mi chae l Giltner, President, B. 1-i. May . Vico .i:'resic1ent , a nd H. Cox , Becretar y of the 1l.ssoc ia t i on , 1,rn:, ent - Ge o1 N. San d e rs , lL Cox , W. O. Gul lio n, J a s:; W. Eng lish , Jno . G. St e venson. Willi am Cox, ana Scott Lannes be in g app oint ed a commit to · to pa.ss i.n rev i ew s ome of the pr omi nent men an d measures of St a te of Kent u cky a nd t h e Ame r ican n a t i on , reporte d tho fo l loning pre a mble :ma r er-, olutionfl , vih t c h vrnre ad opt ed by ac - c l e.rna tion. RESOLVED , Th 11t i f r 8cklas s ne s s were c ourag e , and Mi.ring a l vmy s virtue, t hat in hj_ s unsc rupulous a.vo',Yal a n d unchact en e d zeal , Cass ius :\1. Cl ay would have claims t o bo th t ho se a t t r ibut':3s ; th at we thank him for }·d .s can dor in de,l.arin ts h i s a llegi a nce to J ohn Q. Adams and J: j_ s fa cti on, and a ll that we as k of tho anti - Ame ricans in Kentuc ky , is to come out from 1rnh i n d t heir Indi a n bu i:> hfi ght ing , a nd mee t u s like t heir comp anion, Col . Clay, on the . bo ld, opnn f~ld of di s cussi on. H. The DAmoc rat ic Party , whi ch i lle ga l ly &.nnexed Texas , a..~d ha d carried on a succe ss ful Wijr, seemed to be in the course of s ur e victory; bu t a s plit occ urr ed , whibh wae �( - 287 ... was fa t a l to its s ucces s . :Martin Van Buren , who h eade d t he Hunker, or Pr o - Ela ve ry , Pa r t y in th o gro a t Stat e of .New Yo r k , opposed t :te F,nnex a t i on of 1i'exas ; and , inH teRd of being r eel ec t er1 uy the aceustomed c o urt e 9 y , was r,upers ede d by J a me s X. Po lk . So . whon the electio n o f 1840 c ame on , a nd Le wie Cuss v,as mt:i.do t he nomi nee of the z la.ve - pcwe r, Van BuTe1n j,;i nea t h A Larn't,LtrnAr s or Li1Jerals . Norrd.n ut c rl a t Buf£alo by a ll tlx- ele ment s of r.iln v e op poe i tion , includin g Ch1:i.s e, Gid cl ines , Ha.l e , e tc ., he c a rried New York , a nd t hus b eat Cass , an c1 ol ec tea '.L'ayl o r. Whilst my t1ympr~t h ieA were wit h tho Libe ral mov0monfy and all v a ss ed f or TnyJ.o r a nd vot ed :f~ j_ ts hirll . cle me nt s , I can But , thoug h I c ould well ha":c held o f f ice unn e r hi m, I declined being a c a ndi - date fc:r a ny f avor , and r,:1rsund 1:1y one great a im fl t r:e overt hrow of " l ave r y b y h one - a c ti on . In 18 49 we held o.n EmanciJ,a ti on C',_:m vent ion in Fr a n k fort a t my ~ insttl.Tlce , a n d _r.i ut t h o St ate .iJi ber a l PartiT in an ad v a nced :position* 122E.•. Fr '..::.~ k.fo!~ , 2-<-cn t tJ;,S:.1£;z: - ~-.;1.....l..Qi2.,t.. C. "111.J. Cla? , of )!fact i s on , r emn r & d tha.t h e h act not t r e spass e d on the timo of th e Co.r..vention. I k nov, , s a i d he , tha t l am c hara c t e r ized a s impulf~ive , ho t-h e aded , reckless , and past.do n ate . l know and fe lt that there was , e v en h ere , a s orirnes s , an . unl"d. 1.lingne ss to hoar me , t hou gh I h a ct made s o man y sac ri f ice s for the cause , a n d ha d fough t for it in my own humt) l e way , so many ba ttles . I was con s cic us o f t hat the r e fore felt fe e ling h er e , and disi nclined to s ay an;y·t ·h ing at a ll . diff\ r e d f rom the maj ori t y of th0 Committee on the I �- 288 re s o lut i ons n.epo r ted; ·h11 t , j n <1eference to the judg- ment of the CoI'lmi t t ee , I f ore b ore to m:i.y anythi n e a t;t:i :lns t t})e r·e1)ort , but 011t;n l y , her0 in. -:r:y pli1c G, gave in my adlie s i on . It ·:ms aver ? lar g e Committee.-.. one f'rc;r; ea ch county r e .p re s ented. fou :r o r five honrs . They oat i n council There was , in cor1mittee, a full , f'ra n k , ancl c s.n d i d i.nterchan t;e of opinion . '11he r e .,nort of' tr: o COI'J!r,itte is th e rEisul t of that free con m:1- t a tjon. It hA.s bcrnn re110rted of the Convention . yoar compromiso . R n<'I is 110\"1 tn tho hands We f a n a t i cs are wi lling to take We th ink it too □o e d erat e ; and I h a ve boon r eproachecl by s ome lH, c e.use I y ielded . But h a ve s a ti s fied mys e l f that I did night in yield ing . But i R i t no t as toni sh jne , when i;,-e a re th rcwn i ::it o c on f u s i on b e cuase of th e moaer a ti on of ou r c ouncils , tha t vie are , at this lB, te h our , 1,rer::ent ed with eno t h c r prop0 s i t 1on , c u t t i ng very fa r und.or t he re p ort of t ho Com1r.:±t t e e 'i' And v:·c wh o hav e , it i s feare d , c o1n_L1 r ornis ed too mu.ch a l r e ady , arc a sked to come yet lower d ov,n ! He a l ly , Mr • .Pr es i dent , if I did n~know . my friend, Judge NicL ol as , to t e at hea r t c. true f r iand of thi R c a us e - i f l were left to judge hi m by h i s p rop o2 iti0 n only - l f e a r I should be const r ai ned t o set h im d o wn as an emisBar y f rom Robert Wic kliffe, s r,, or J ohn O. Calhoun. I am tho more surp r ised at the p· o lJO G i ti on , becuas e of the knowl edee I hav e of his intelligence and h i B d evotion to this caus e. I c an n ot , howeve r, Ai t down wi thout offeri n g a very few r emark~ g i v ing re as ons why we shoul d not e n t irely :po s tpone �( - 289 ... p o e tpone the fi ght . 1l1h c rep or t of t h e Commit tee le aves u s at lib ert y to 50 to v1o r k noVJ ; to - d a y- we may beg in t h e ;fi g ht , a n d !Yot cea ,~e to bat tl e ur..til t ho field -lf; i s ours . 1/ \'ih a t i'-i t lie t rue that p olit i cj a ns and the moneJ1 - po,,e r ar e ag1.~i n s t u s ? to us '? No Gir . Will our s ilence b ri ng them They we r e against us in '78 . They hav e be en a t_;L.:.ins'c u 3 :'o r fif ty ye a rsii t1:e y have g r ovm -114- stront.:, f rom our su.p 1Ress and powerful b e c ause o f our i na c tion . The last 1egi sla tur o put f; i ts l e a d en heel u pon u c wl:i l e we nl e pt . Than k God. ! t he t oucb of t hat he e l ha s b r oken cur Glur.iber . l have l o oked. to the corrri.nD of this day wit1J the dee pes t , t h e profo undest s ol i ci tud o. 1:1. ~ l t ir but yo s terclay t:ta t 1 was den ounced a c1ictu:tber of the peac e - yest er da y we we r e threaten ed vr itb tho hal t e r - t od&y 1ive f;poak i n the c &pital of t he S t ti: e , a nd V✓ t~ of tbc Ste,te . The t dl nr; u e i s a1:5a i n fr e e to s p eak the may f, 1)<:}EJ.k s.n d be h ear d i n ever y part l ~ni u age o f the he a r t . in tho c a u ne . This is a mieh ty 1Ho 5r ess I t is but tho f ce-bl e ±'01·0 shadowing of t l ie z r eat ro r. ultf, in Rtoro :i'oT us . ' ;i rty a l l :i~ c es l ' Ta l k to me about llave n o t the 1)8.rt i e s forg otten tr:.e ir a lle g i anc e to th e r i g h t i n a ll t h i n e;s to f a s ten upon t he cou ntry t hi s cura e of Sl a very? M 1Tis but the otber das t .tat the bans v1ere celeb1·ate d in :E'a yet t ex,- be t v1ee n Wh i gs and Demo e ra t s , t hat s l a very mi gh t be pe r pe tua ted ! Shall we b e bound do wn b y ol d pa rty ti e e while our ad ve r s a r i o s are f o ree ttinc or f ors a k i ng e v e r y t h i h e f or Sl avery':' g r o1,v , in g ev erywhe r e . Tho par t ;;,r i n f a vor of fre e dom i s It has l)ro k en t h:r-o ueh 1ia:rty r es tralnts a t the IlT·or t h . I t wi ll do s o h er e . Some �( - 290 - °'-n. __ ~ Som 0 r- ay : ~~th~ i mp r uci.e nt .t o..✓- agita}J, '' Sh all .. ~ · 1 e t t , . , ~ ~, 4-c CAI):,~, ~ tl--K--"._..;_ ~..OJ~-~ 'tit!f,4/'{_a~ a(J.//t4,~t<l., we v~ to our r:nlv e :3 a gita t o ~'l' ~ E'or myu o 1~·, I a m fo r (/ a g i t a tl ne- t hi8 (}_ Ue s ti o n . we r.ms t ar;i t at e i t , I f we a:re to ri a c:urs elves , i-"ihen a convention of crown e d hear1s a s s ernble 6 i n th8 o l d nor l d to esta b lis h f or the i r J,e o ple puro repub lican c overllJrlon t s , then may we e~e:t,ete xpcct c l ave - ho l der s to me et to emanci pat e t 1~cir slaVA 0 an d no t bo fore . , As republi c s are only os tab - lishcd b y agi i· at ing t1:e c; uestion of freedom 1 oo is emanctpa t io n to be acco 1ml is ed only thr oug h Lhe a g ita tion of the subjec t . i;e mu~t co nvince the peo ple - t h e r eal p e opl e - of i ts importance , ·be :fo re i t c un b e done . Hovi arc we to 13e t at t he non - Bl -¾verioltlers but by , a git a tjon? / do n ot 01.1st ♦ The newspap ers , as a g ene r a l t h ins , roach the no n - s l a v eho lde r s )(. Wo mus t s eek thei:.1 o..t th o c ro ss - r onds and place s of publ i c resort i n tbeir nei :~hl!orhooc1s • 'i'he nev,•spa;--:eri:, a :"n t,.1. read~' open. E1[en t h?,t cla Hunker pr e ss , tho ( Louisville) J ournal;, h as been compelle d to o pen i ts c o lumnn to the fr iends of ema nci pa ti on . pr ess . \'le But v✓e wan t s omething more t h an the wan t men on the s t nmp . at th e ear of the poo])le . Wo want to get 1 1:he r e s olu t ions of the Committ ee dis p l ay a magna nimous mode r a ti on . them , a n d then do ba tt l e for them. Let us pass L et every g oo d fr i end of the c a u i:;e buck l e on his a r mor un d "neve r say ai e " ! * The r As oluti o~s ~ere pa ssed , as reported t to Commit tee - C., 1 885. '1 ( I ** on page • by ** Col one l Henr y Clay of Bourbo n, mentioned 4 , war Pres ident of the Convention. He was IJ, * �- 291 .J.,<J-· a Col onel i n th o ar of' lt31 2 ~ but a fter I\. I Ae rvine as State Sena t or in 1 820 , nevor sought political preferment s uve in fr..rth on .nce of thP, ca uue of eman c '_pf-.tion , beco 1:li ne~~mn i n.a te for th e Loe;is le.tu:r e on tha t ticke t, ;,.. etc . His s on , Henry Clay , J r ., was a de l e ea t o. Thoug~ not l a r gely n t tondid , some o f the ablest men i n KAntu.cky participa ted in its a ebates an d del ibera- t i ons , ~.ncl'J. ding Ro·be&:;:· -~ _ . Jl!.1,1,· . and \;'il:i. iam L . Bra ck in~ f ridge , J ames f>peecl , ~ /tto rney Gen e ra;) 1:l . Gratz Brown, ( c a n d.i ate for Vice~Presid ent)., b l and Ba l lard , ( E'e de ra l Judge , ) J·udgo Ben :VIonroe , et a l . '11h i s f a c t l ends in te r P-s t to t be followin g reJ)ort of its pro c e e di ngs , to wit :- KE N 2;.JC}-ZY - - OFF I C .IlLi., rn-;i>ORT . This Convention , comp oserl of citizens of the Com ":lonweal th of Ken t ucky , a nd repre~"}en tj_nc; the o r)ln - i ons and \'Tishes of a la:r ['je numb er of thei_r fe l low citizens throu 0 hou t the Com!:JOn v::e a l th , met in the Capi tol, on th e 25th April , 1849 , to con s i ae r wt.at c ourse i t bee omo r, t hose who are oppos eel to the in- crease and to the per:petui ty of s l ave r y i n thi s State to puruse in th o ap}'.lroaching c anVu--i.SS for members of the Constitutiona l Convention , ar1o:pts the pro_pos iti ons which foll ow, a s e x pr essing i ts judgment in. th e premi rws . 1. Believine; tha t involunt a ry her ed itary s l ave r y, as its exists by l aw in this S t a te , is injurious to the �- 292 ... the -;b p ro spe ri ty of the Co mmon vrealth, i n con sii:: tent witt t h e fundamenta l /!il:inc j_ pl cs of f reo e;o vernment , contra.r:1 to the nat ural r i g hts of mank ind: a.nd a.r1vers e to a r,ure s t c.l,e o f moral s ; \Ye are of o rin i on t hat jt oueht not to b e i ncrcmsea , a n d tha t it on e-.,h t not to be pc r petw.... ted in tho Com•nonwea lth. 2 . 'l'ha t an :r s cheme of emancipation ough t to b e prs Rpe ctiv e , ope r a t i n g excl usivel y u pon negro es bo rn a.;fter the ad op tion of the s ch e me , a nd c onnectGd vn t h c olonj_ za t i o n. 3 . Thn t we re c ommen d the followj_n c po i n ts as t.bo,c;e to b e i n r i s t ed. on in the :new Constituti on, end t hat c c::.:nd.idates be run in eve r y co unty in t he State , f a von?lb l e t o tl::cse 01 si r:1ilar consti tuti onal pro- vi s ione . 1. '.!.' he absol ute prohibiti on o f the i mp or - t a tion of a ny more e l avo s into Kentucky . 2. The co mpl ete powe r in t he peo:plc of Kentuc k-<J t o e nforce and p e r fect, in or under the ne w Com, tit u tion , a r,y ::, t em of grad ual, pr ospective ema.nci - pation of slave s . 3. TM.s conve ntion co n fi nes i ts r e c ommen- d at i on to t b o ,. u0 s ti on o f s l avery , an d make s no exp ress i on of OJ)inion on a n y other topi c. 4. RES OLVED. That W. W. Worsl ey , Reuben Davson , D. 1. Beatty, Pat Maxey, Bl a nd Balla rd, Wm • .P . Boo ne, Wm . E . G-lo ver, T . Mc Gr a i n , J ames Speed, a nd Vlm. Ri cl1a rd.son, b e and they are hereby appointed a Central �- 293 - Cent r a l Committee, to u se a l l ,:roper means to p romote t110 v i e ws of thi s c onvention on the sub ,iec t o f ema nci- pati on , anc1 the~ ha.':e power to appo int s ub-co mmitt ees in s uch places i n t :te St t:.te as t he~, may deem prope r, an a a l Bo to app oint ad.vacat e s of t r:e cause vib ere they ma.y thin k i ts int eror, t der:w.ndfl it . On mot ion of Mr . Balliner , i t was Rl<~SOL VED , '.i~ ha t t b ~ t hanks of thi s c o nven- t i on a r e he re b y ten d ered t o its Pr esid ent , Vice J?re sid.en ts , awl Sec:ret ; rie s , for the ab l e and. i mp a rt i al · mhnner in wh .i cli th e;y h a ve dir-ichn r eed the i r r esiieeti ve d utie s . RFlSO.LV:Irn , ThGt the newsp ap e rs o f Kentucky be r espect fully r e quested to publi s h th e f oregoin g ]?re➔ amble and re s olut i ons . HENRY C.~Y , qf Bourllon , l1 resi dent. H • i'l'' i.... ng"a t e"I ;\ VI, P . Boone,V'ice .. l1 r e sidents. B. Ba llard, ] 0 . ~~ . Posto~ Samuel Shy, Sec r etar i es . B. The Conventi on was got ~. en 1;.j) b y me . lt was my polic y to comrJit as many men a e ,poi.rn i b l 0 to our c a uBe, v:hat .-, ver t ho de g ree of tlio i r eomri cti ons ; so I kep t in t he backeround . But t}) e r e sol1ltions of J u dlge Samue l lhcholas , as a sub fJtitu t e for tho ori gi n a l o n f.J S , ( weak enoug h , s urel y !) would n o t a lJ.ow me fu r th8 r s i le nce. Obhe r s f e ll b y t he v✓ays ide ; I went on t o the ~nd. I r' �- 29~ - I had expo s ed , in the TRUE A.."\IBRl CAl1 , a vul ncrabl~ p ar t in the S t,. ~o Const"Ltuti on , by ' hoH ing Lhr-L the i-irohi lii t i o n o .f the 0mnnc i pa ti on o:f- sl1,1,a.Fe,.. s l a vos , w j_ t r~out com- pe nsa tj_ on , anmi t t ,:a ti,c r, ovrn r t o liberc::.te wi t. c oi.afensuti on ; a ri d t,}1e r igLt t o 11c t , tr.e r c f or c , i npl i ed the righ t to So t l.e slave - pov; er , def e a te d at .Loxi ngton , in- dH, Cilus . t e n d ed i:vi t iI!lo to c Lan[;e tho ConR ti tuti vri and m1:J.k r3 r.l t:t very pe rpetual, s o fr. r n s a Cons t itut i on couJ.d effe ct that ob,jectf:. Tho l as t L'Efgi s l a tu re had called a Co nventi on f er r. uc h cbnnge, 8.nd thn memi ere ,·:e r e to be ele c t e<l this y ea r ( 18 4 9) . Fee l in g no w s tron ::.;- enoH[;l, , ·by m~, war re cord a nd the cur ren t of oven-ts , to tak e the Gturnp and ont er u pon a fu ll di s c u s :;;ion of t he s ub j e ct , a n e vent same to my a i d . Twos-o n - t l eme n , s c}t·J ol- t oacri ers , I 1ielie ve invite d me to Dpeak at Lawr enc ebur {j , 11n l1 er sor: County , ~ntuc};:y . I a ccepted t h e i nvi tat i on , an d na me d t he day . ThiG wu~1 an n ntr io d fo i l l., wb.or0 t he appeal Has to be mucle t o the p oopl o , >'Ji.t h a ll the exc1. tement and dan ge r s odi' a f nc e to f a ce <'l e b a te . Lavr.cencebu :-:-g , the county se nt of Anderson Coun ty , o n tt.o south- we st .,i de of Kentuck y i.ti ver, was t }:cn t h o counfi y . poor , cr oss - r oad s t own of a broken , hi l ~ It is no w qui to r. f lo ~u.r i shin g p lac e . mude r i ch by the c c l olir a ted Ander so n County i:Bourbon" , whic h its _.ur e a nd pl entiful wa1.. cr a nd fine g r u i n u l l ow . Thero wer e fe w s l av e - h o l d ers ; a nd tho pe o ple , f a r removGd by lakk Lt o f r a il an d McAdam roa d from c ommerce , wer o ruao ",ij inA de pendent . Suoh I deeme d a f a vorab l e pl a ce f o r t e st i n g t he poss i bilitv of free di"·c ussi on ; for the r e n count er r Russ ell ' s Cuve had tau ght me tha t debate wa s more dan g e on th e s t ump than di s c·u e sion i n t h e ;;ress . Seated i n r buggy �- 295 - bugg y, bohir.d a fine t rot t er , o n a pleas ant SJJ rin e; day i n April , a n d _tla.B ~~i ne ov er muc:h r;oo a r oa d , und tvri5'ce over t h e bro1::cm , J) i ctur1Js \._u e c l iffs of tlc.e .Len t. ucky River - at ot h er time f; t J-:.o t r ave l wo uld hhv c 1oen d e light ful. In Mc .i co , I 1.. ,';tO. f el t two earthG_u&ke s . i s kn mvn t o a ll t h1 t t:tc r u 1 i i; no esca p e The idea oy a ny human effo rt) ~nd r unnin e fr o!:1 t}·,c i· o u ::; c[; 1n t o tl·.0 s treetis about as dans crous a.s r;t e.yin~ with in . C: • ..,o , in t hr ereat s truggl e \ ,1 \ \ which I VJas nov1 onterin:.., a nerr , t he r e -;vas no outs i de sup r-ort~ and I h ad to depend u :x,n 111~·1 eli' an d fate for the s olution. cel f-cl. ei' crn.s e i ~-'. tho first l uvr of nn ture ; and , stu ndi.n g u ::) cn my· r:i.c;bts of f tnt e ~..n a .Na tiom;. l Com,tituti ons, I vra s a llowec'I full r.lii~ cUBsi ~n of' a ll r u1.:j c~c t s - even slaverJr ; beine, r cer,on8 ihl e b y J.0 1::,al J.f fOcocs for punishme nt in it s e,bu s e . At Lo:x in r; ton I on the 18t h of Aug u.st , 1845, the comgi.ned :phy fl ica.l powe r of the eommuni ty we,s too strong f o r me , and my p res s was r emo ved to Or.ip; but I stood i mpre gn alhbe in my mcrul s t r eng th of self- sacri i'ic e and f ort itudie, whic J: r,roved i~t l A.~t tr i um:'.)hant . So n ow , l had a l l the mor al and l cgnl ~orces on my r- i de ; and s o my c h physica l p(Ji;'!e r as 0 oo d a.r .ms Md a brave heart could give me . If ther e was s u ch a thing as e v¢ i 1 in tho wo :rld. slav er;y Vias an evil . If thorc- Vias su ch a thin g as Ju s t ice amons rnen , t hen ju~; tice re l1uiro d the lii e r at ion of the s l a ve; and , as to ri ght s : 11 The ere a test of a ll ri ghts.I" was t h e rie ht of a man t o himself." Ir Go d g overned the wor l d by gener a l l aws for the grea test happ iness of al l his crea tures1 �( - 296 - tr~111. creatu rc n , I vn:i.s .i n t he right d i re c 1;i on o-f' the ~ If ther e ever was a Spec ial l!r 0vide nce i nsp irins t he human .___ soul , now i t ~l:o ul d. be felt. Eve r y human tho ught a:n d act tel l s in t he t;Teat destiny of tho r ace, a s molecules of water make u p th o ocea n; s o each individual i s a n essen t i al part of · that force whic h dir0cts all to the g roat ends of our earthlJ ex.istence. The ins pir ed Scri ptures and. natural lavr leq ding in t he same directi on, i .t only remained for me to go in tho pat h of cluty , t o sow s e el of good fruit . The r esults were in t he r e g ions of the unknown, but the e nd was with God. These were tbc t houghts wh:i c h 1.'. ere citor present wit h me i n so man y t ryi ng s cenes ; and , as Cyrus , before the g r eat battl e whi ch a ecidod t ho fate of Babyl on and t he Persian Rmpire, drew u p h i.n a r my a nd s acrifi ced to the gods, and thu8 f ill ed his men r.-:ith f ai th a n d mor a l power, so I went to my s olita r y s truggl 0 s l eanine; c onfide ntl y- up on t he arm of the Omni poten t One. Ne ver shall I for get the emotions cf t lw t aay. :Before the des t ructi on of the fore F:t s , t h o f3p ring wa s onrlie r '7 t han n ow. But it was n ow about the mi d dle of Ap ril. '.L'h~ buas were mor e t han h e. l f swoll en into lea f; t he b luegras s was so ric h i n ere en a s to ass ume the. t pecu l iar color whic h , in Kon t u cky only seen, gi voe i t the t f amous name. The plowmen Y✓er e wh i s tling in tho fie l ds ; a nd tho girls and b oys , whi to a nd bla ck, in the garden s , were s ending out peal s of l aughter and merry voices in their p leasant work. I n crosrd.ng t he Ken tu.cky River, I was brough t face t o face with its bold cliffs of l i mestone an d it.a ban-k~1 covere d wit h wild-fl owers and wtl ~~Brape-vines , �{ - 297 - and tho dog- vJOod · ml ,~t-hii n bJoon. r~ TJ1e f ir:Jh wo re )'"':lD.yin.9 in th<} clo· r t:etcr o ; . n t. :;he rou.bil·do and 01~iolo s o.nd thr;.mhos, a;nd other oongctors r r-1er c 1ni i l<.1in[' t heir notY!:io 1:-:nc1 pourin(: forth t heir minr lo<.1 vc i ccc in one nni ve!•oc-,:J, ju"bilfi:t i on l 11 BenatifuI I I cov.J.d bu.t oxcln ir'l,, Ylith B;yron ; hot'! boou.tifu l is o,11 t r :i.s ", i e i 1)lo 1-:orl cll n I t rominc1od. mo of irry oar1i or <lo,yn - so mo.ny sp.ont i n those s ci.mo ever lovo ly nhill s i:mc1 d .·100 .. 11 :moro bcnutii'ul than over . I t mi 0ht be ntho le.st" to mo uour l i i'c i s e, f ul ::w n:.:1·bur.o . Ii.: iL.:: not in the har mony o/ thine;s - t 1 :i.s hard dec.r oo - this unorr dior:i'blo tl"irrt; oi' 3in l u Row otr,.n goly i s tht> r.mr-t cl and tho :lmmort o,1 blonc.leo. l u:.:n:dra·t 10n0 I Wh:y ohouJ.<1. I g i v o 111) 8-11 scl:?.-on ;j_oyme11t f or TThy not lco.-\,-~ t he w1·ongod. und the \·n~ong - doer t o remorciJelns fi- t e l ohr ttcr ou in my _ P.. 1· • o·. os l Novcr bcforo nrs I so CouJ d I , with 8 11 rcy oins, bo tho p ro"u ego of ~ sin- ho.t in(" God? tlir;ht I not d i e ·tho dce.ti1 r.rh:1. c1 1 tho fool d iot}, a.t 1:'s t '? Ifr<l I not sto()d u.nh- rmod u.ml o~c t he mor.rt ilcproso :ln5 circ mstrnees ? t o:ri ov.o c.c;rjnut ovorr;hol m:lnc odds? I ±' I c·t,ood born of tTio W'ttu·co , God l So , ~ i;ho Thon :J.gc.i n my 'll!~\' fled I no mw boon vie- sh. . ,u.ld I not ho·,o? uho w•.tle t hem bu.t mu1 eomly c erth s r ri11g itll tho glor ies o:Z ::ni r:1al onc1 voe:ct t blo l ife I The rose- tree str i kes i ts r oots I �{ - 298 rootH i nto tho ve r ;:1 c o:::;erpoolm, bu.t ·.U, s £1 owo:t·s a :t e ·b athed in t h0 beaut y of etornal mmoh:tnol s o s t renr-t honod. , :r Thus f j.l:11 od. r::lt h f i na.1 :rcool vo , :t x·oe.chcli at night - f v.1 1 rrw tl.onti n e d v:i.l fu.ge . s1;:;.mdJng b y it sel f ~ 1·1i :i.1here tm..s hut one hotol. t ll.oni:; t .;.•ooo , ex cept a f ou ncrer;m,r 1ny horse was c :·rea. for ,. aml u pc.ln.t:rblc d:lnncr nnd sn: poi· conibinod -r,a s :prov i<1od and i'u.11y en j oyed . On en qn.i3:-:ln g cbaut tho e;ontlemcn ·who had i :nvi t ed. me to s poa.k , I l of''.r.nea th~ .t t.hey ho.cl l of.rv tho eou.nty ., my Man.y f rio:ndo 17as n o f'e vorc.'blo omen . I n t h ose }ir :lr.:il.t i vo t:J.1non t;hero ·r;as i,, r.:wx,ecl I h:: d. tml kod clo-;,';n e-~t:t~- s tai rs withou.t my coat ; 0 01r.mon . e11.d , o:r c ou.r:;;e , tu1.ar mcd 9 nc.s -r:cnhi:ng, ,rhcn c.. ho.lf- (Lo r:011 :,;m.b l ic moetiw..; o:i:' on:r. c i t i ~:011s . nh:ich t7o . c s t l1oir oom- mit teoe , v.ra cli :r.ootod t o ho.ml to yo-u. .. n wcr o i n tho u :.;ual nt ~rlc , S''cn•J:i n.r o:f the uo.ncor s of incon di&,r y t ul k r-1 bout ;,-;ln-vc r ;y; a:ncl wo.r:n:1..n g me th:-i; i i f' I 0p oke :i.t r1ca1 c1 1)c et my O'l:7n. porill I ci o~e h ero by t ho i:nvi t t1t i on of ·t wo of y on.:r ci'i; i ;~cms ; bu i v1ith , 01 without • , '"tWll request ~ I i::"G nm1 upon my c onsti 1 t·,::rt ion ul r ighto "t o d i s cuo f::1 e:ny su.1:> .1ec·t wh nt ovor 1;he:t pl or·sec mo . Say t o y ori.r n oo13le _,-1 t het I s hal l addr oss th~ at �a.t t h o h ou.:r _~ub J. ishod., e.i;; i;he c u.r t - J101.to0 . 11 Du:ri:ng n.:n so , 1)0Wing • t ho :for~oon n ot c percon c r lled to ooe me , nor tl:l.:' un.;;r ,··noot ·i;ntJ thcro ,. Tho t ruth H: , I tHlS as r.;1·0:: i; rn1 ol> ,j oct of t er :i:o:r. nna. ovoiclancc us if I had come ~ : 1.t1·, ch olern. :htto tho tovm .. Tho c on::rt-hon□ c , o. f ,, irly lt'.l' gc h r.let bui ldin g , ·r,c.s enclos e d \';:i:th a p ost • ru1d~r v.i l fenc e . r:n(~ s urrounded vi:ith loon.s t tr0os . The dcy ,·,as V',-ar m a..nd r,loo.:3a.nt .; a:nd, hmn•::; boforo trio ~Gimo of' spc~oJ::i:'1fi: , tho court- 1:.ou c o was cr owu.oa. tQ ~ ~ f"1.' CO.tc ttt cc.po.c:t1;y • and r.1::i.:n,.y ha,1 clin bod i nto t i1.e r;inc" O'l."JO e.JH1 f i : Joa. mc:.ny oi t ho nc orost troGE', , l i ke bl2 ck- o i 1: clc ~t r oost . Ai; tho :i:•,,u 2~ n::-•mcd, loolri:nr " l oncl~; to i .y t·ao i·ovol vo1"0 , o.nd 1:avinf thorn ca:r.cfu lly nea1~ t he mouth of my orn'.'pet - b~ , ~•;i th n.y Bm-;io - knifo c onco cl cd i:n my bolt. I wolkod ;_:J. 0110 t o tho c ... urt - house . tho crO\<Jd. pressed to the vet·,,· gr-',to ; but , or onod n. lo.no us I nd7mwcd , no t' D By thi f' time I OJ'.ltere d ., t:hey 0 110 c1£>.yi n~ t i. -rrord . sruno la-vie a.llou c d me to p e.ss into tho cou?.t- 1·oom. Tho Thero noro t:hreo chi:d:ro on o. raised J)1atf orm. ox· dais , ,,md o. omcll bnJ.u.ot r ulo, a. iew ::f,~et high, cr oun t1 -~hose s ec to . Tr:o of tho c11ei:rc n oxo o: 1pty 1, but tho c(miir al o:n0 r;c..s f1,r.mc , ob ou-/i ri i :1d y yE)a:rs of tit;o , hut then us fre sh and thought to myoolf, i f you arc to be oha.1 1 hcwo n hard. t:lmc of it . my anto.gonisti, I Tho ;;;hole uu.di cnoo ,,a.s aD nt i l l uo i f thoro ho.d bc cri but niysE:lf tho:re ; e ach l oo1tin0 o,cc:l. t bc1. e.ivl 110.lo , ac mon who a.ro on t ho ovo of act i on . I �... 300 - c.sxpo·t- s nck by rrr;'} s i u.c . · nd bO[, n t;c feo1 :for Irr;/ n et cs , u.sod . Wash 1 ( for cuch was hi0 na::no,) rouo np , ancl. so.id : nr unu.crct v.nd thc:.t t h1B in C, s~1 Oley", r:1otio:nin _ his hunct to'i'JUrd mo , n ithout l ooking o.t me . lrno1.·1 \"lh.o I o.m . iryou. nll Tho;J., boys i'!ho ,·,cnt t o :.ioxico ea llll 00.~1 thc.t Clay rrn.s thoir f:r.Jcnu in o.nt out of p1·icon , str-ndinr: no hliin th0 pblic meeting hold here , But this I do say, . · _ the men 1;1ho f i ghtu f'or tho countr.r hes o, r ir;ht " t;o sror:-ik about tho country . I em . An I sr.i d , you. nll 3tnm; who I hlWO li ved hero on Salt R iVOl" o.11 r.w 1:1:fo " I have f orty chilclre:n o.nd r -rcnd- chilfron , £md th07,J ore o.11 tho~ r..1·c here, iioc . Ho·;; , rm tri l l stcnd hy Cle;,- , or c.1. i c l !! end ?-3?,e 'l f'iiic dov:n he sut . to J)rOp i tiato by going t o :1exi co , ves now realized. I O.:!)lJ. ·cciution, r:11!ich cou.·-d :not be ontiroly cu·ppressed. so end.oc1 the :t'i N.3t D.nti-oluvcry W'ooch. When I ·:-1r.s :i:0.v:ltod to ::rpcr-k in tho L:r \n.·c11c0lmrg :proc ·emme tt[;'..S blVokcn t r;ico - :i:':i.rst a.t the fui r grou.nds. en d a t nir ht in tho to~;n - by cntht1.ai c.stic c .:1lls ::or· rrwself ; :tor the s:pocoh of 1H49 \·iao romombo1~od by mo.ny in 18 76 1 o:na. Bovernl �"" 301 - sc·vErr~.l ·Of the Wf.'Gh femJ.ly wo:rc pi·or:~cn·I; , v1ho h:.~d been et the publi c i:scembly oi' the ·ooor lo o::n my :fi 1.•st v:iei t . Tho co :ro.ny of i!Se,lt Hivor ~~ i gersn i s kopt up to thio clv.y ; enc. i.,hoy , too , wero t he re . !11 a cl, y or co , on tho se.mo v t r.J i 'L • I UJ,oke at Taylo::::·svi:i o , in ~-iJ.)m1ccr Cov.nt-.1 .. ~hin \;ou1d :cl x my o:pooch a t Lawrenceburg about tht"') lt.!-th of April , 1849 . * Mr . Llid(1loton ~. - 1 t :i...ci.:mmo t ho :-;ccrotc.::y o f tho :moe 't, i :ng ha~ t r :rwmittec.l -t.;o y ou t he n1·ocoeuinr"G of t~.e f riends of Emancipati on in Tay lorsvi lle . on Se.tu ·c1.ty , tho 1 ~:'i;h. You mo.y l>o ploo.s0d 7 1K 1\7c-vo 1· ,, i;o llecr ; mQ1' 0 ' in <let c ::i 1 . the e ffe c ts o:f tho addraos of C·: t r.· i n c.. IJ. Cl:;y . T~e-e-,.. The o:"'i21j_on mn,~c n:p fi~om the v· ri cuc roport t. , verbal ro1d rn~i t; ton ; in gcnoro.lJy 0nte1··G aiuod tlmi, Cf1p·bai n Ola;:1 :lo a.:n .!\boliti o11int in t;ho mo::::t of fon s i -.·c Hcnr;1c : ~ n t t;}!t, cit iions o:: Spencer :::;,•· pc.thi:,;oo. wit} it . Tho fret t11-t tho f riondc of Emo:ncd.pe.ti on lwd -.i .1witod him to clc.l i veT r'. r:ruhlic i:uldroeo 011 Sla·1 ory • nat111·ri.l ly n r.ou.ncod u -feel inf of {Hu..prino ; rmd every 0110 1,~;o nt pi•opr xed to hear notbint 'int ~ bitter donm1cioti cn , r-.'n d wild., r s nti:nrr :f.anaticie.iml Bu·t 'i:hey were disa.r11o inted l He d r..: ft:ned. h:lr, poGi t:l on , a:r1,c1 t h·rt of t ho :mmo:-.t1c:l1A1ti on rurty in K0n1.;·,1 0ky ; C\1lcl tho:n ·:iroc ecded t o L pr,ort tlmt ,:os:tti cn in u speech of !J1ngn:1J'l'.' f orc.o and ab i lH;y . l!,or tno 1Ymro the nuti.ionco li$toned \7it h proiou:nd attention to his or.n•noDt q )J)Of.'. l n , oco· fJi nel~r ·: i vi ne; cvidellco o:? their grc:l:i f ica t i nn :l.:n 1m.u·n11r.c of' t\p11lau.rim ; ancJ. , a:t; tho clooo • c. perfe ct round. ; nnd tJ~on a.i ,~rcrocd, so:t- i of i c (l ·i;hct ho ·:;o.o not ru1 i ndenc1:i,,~-~ 1 Gr0 t e;ood vmn c1O.,1e lJ~f that · 'J?OOc· ; t'n<l tho gt~ llc.\..11.t CUJ)t Cin l oft Pc.y t ornvi11c \Tl th t ;l10 f OO(i ,·, i bhNJ o::: mtm.y who looked col clly unon him nn he cntorod j_t * The 11":i.ondn of rofo:r:.ul ju.deocl r:eJ.1 when t1loy ecloc·bod h i m ·uo :rl01:1cl thol:r c ~:mso; 0..nd wo c1 oul)t not ho \°lilJ. :fh1<.'i , m,-,le '.; o:i:•1-: <l.11riu:-. the present en~i.·:·ss . c:$:·.~•,,.: ••·;· ~:-· • TAYLORSVI ~iLE , April 16, 1 849 • Tho c:ff ortc o:t the slt, .:e- porwr to c.t~:.mr·0 t 110 Consti t:1f;j_ on , ·w hich beg cn :in 1835 , h od :nm, r!l2.tttrod into r c all o:r e. Conbontion to trko :_r,l acc in 18 :9- 50 . 1 this time • f i:ndin · t hut my politi c , 1 al s o , on ·my r otnrn f r om Iic.xico, e;reet onthnni nsm . :r c o r 1:;0i' By hacl nndccl. in h · tl 1)ocn r coci vr:cl ,:i th K -✓1n,"' bl'oken i~hn :l.~1;:. nt. ~tt, ~f?:;£-,0~ 1 �- 302 - this Convo:nt5. o:n Fd:i'or-ded c. r oou. f t 01a. f or poli t i cr.,1 tl ::i.:::1- • etH-JGi on .. 7i...t. 1--"·o o ·,1 1 ,--.,c:i.. ~"l1c lj!}•ic"' •')"-.1~.r· '"0'~ ·ic·4t.,.lJ -f:1,, .... .!.&., • ·•L :-)(~7•q ·1 .,.. ,.F , .L~ti,) Y \'.,-..,., ,,,, _ + ~t-J,V -~ - . t'_s;,..., ",;1 ._-'i f'O ,\. Riehr..1ond br--J:' • :.,uul V/rn ,, Chono;uJ:f; ,;mro 1l.1t:Llun-be1.,y :nomini.Jtefi,.. i' I had. t rm ohJcetn ·.i:1 vion ; l li.1.•f.r'c: , to propngnte rtcy or illlions . ancl thc:n , ii' ·l,ho J,op-u.lc,r v-oice ,va:rre.ntecl, t o become e, ,:,• ·1 • - '> •I . -,,..., l..:>j}Ok-··"' '"' ·• J .rl ..l:,.I.••1J_J.c ,c ,._,1."'l-i-C. d. +v(,, ·L 1o JL.mw hoJ.uors, ::.no it wo.s to th()m that I :most .:::..ppoalec1. Turn er thet I t.1an heating him :i.:n ll0lK1.to ; and t ha:t nry :i:ol l or1ero ! rorl i o<.l :i.:n en eqno.1 torn:i of de,fi ance . Tho next ro.ect:i.ng was ut Fo1,tow:n •. r:J,7 i mmcd.i v.tc 110:lthb orhoo<l .. Tht.,.t l u.ll.cd. l hr d only ~- Bow:io- ki11i:fo whon :r. 0pokc . ope:neo. the dogato ~ as 1-tsu..al; bu.'b boo:.rnc o:z: ,;a:-emely violent • With g:r.ea.t animation , ho dop:1.oted. the evi lo of ug i t a:fi i on by �-- 303 - d mn1. fr om tho 'v;fblo on u h i e h I r.itood. 1 Cy r lH.l '211:rnor , r hc.d. alroc dy b(Wn tol d., c t1 J ml y , by one o:f m,v :n eigh- m0 . b or s, w110 wo.s ncm· amonc· t he c ons!):lrtJi:orc ,. t;h f.7.t i f l d i rl n ot qu.;i.t tho d.i~m.t1.m::1ion of t ho GU.1Jjoet . I would be k i lle d . So Jmowi:ng _. once DD :Li1 Ht ,)v.rn I c c : :>.:.:o , whet t h :lo meant , J. e:'ii /;:::r.wk.n:i.:. e • vrrcct ecl. f :rorn ·ti:ie., I r;rc ::, i r:nnodi r te Jy fft:n·rounctcd by a.bout Th~.nk i:ng it mi gl:rc 1)c a fr i 011.dl ;r :i.ntcr vontio:n But I foun o. th.1.::t t he J.os i3 o:Z m~v knife ou.1},joctcd. mo t o wh1cll ht, G n ot n:nj_ ted t o tllis day . Soe i n e- I i·1as to be t he h:. n ulc e..rn.l t ho 'bl;o'.de . cntt ine; two o:f rrr;y f ingorB to the ·bone , l vr.c.o~:;tod :tt '.fr om 1~r 01r9011ent ,. ~.n a. hold 1t firmly c l ocr;ing tho cro·o d n ouro rt t mo ; a::od. l ooke d out f or [1urnor , doter;-.:in inr; -to k ill h J:.n.. The l9IW way t:as op,:inod . and. I ndvnm od up on him, n.nd. t hrnst t h o kn.if e int o 11:if:3 abdomen ~ y;ht ch mee;nt f.loath., At t.hir t i me r1y ol de:nt s on , 1."!ar f i cla., heil".l.f: t-tbout f.o"t1rto e n ;1,ree..r ~ ol d. , l1e.Ll. p ocltrcd a 11:ls -tol, nn d lw.:ndod. :lt to mo. It ,~ros t oo le.to . I was :feeble :fr mn t ho 101.1 n of 1)1t!lod ; c:.na.• c:t·y·inr on.t that of t 110 l i he r ties of t he J)oopl c , 11 I I u :i.e d iti t he def ence 11 \'!US borne to my 'bo<l :i.n �- 504 - It . •1•0n.ntl mo , / :-:r.7lod ont t11 t ·:;J.10 conr.ni:17' to:rr., nnmborco. over n vod mo . int;orc:i:'0:r.ca... '.i1n:i; i_;·,,o :po·,•no:n ::: bci:1ide~i 11w 0On r.r:llli :'.),i'.::l e.n(l. ;_--:·yt1:id; 'ii:tlko:t·ocm ren<lo.1·ocl mo g-ro:'t in the htek of the ho~cl r:i·th a r i:i.stol , which he snc.;p:pcd ; c:nd ~llo-r:od no :,':i.•ob:i.n,~-- o.:. ·;;}W ,·:ouna. ; · ncJ. o..:dc.l."co.. noU'h'in~- t; o bci f i vo:n r10, ..·o1yin'"'" ,on my vi3·or o-:-i: c<:m:3t:L tu·tJ.'cn , -·ncl ::iomc/ nhut m on my dct;t:ti.,Y . . Tu.m er ~ Ik h:. cl ma:;..'rieo. tbe ,lr u _ntier o:f a c-;0nt l om£~1 \7!1om of rr,:,;" ot~.r1icr days . He hau oviden-b~-~i uc t;od i n obodicnoo So I Ge.m i.: hi1":1 t.'Ord i:hc.t , :1:i; oeof'l.cd ii hct WC V-"tll'O ~fl :rc.tho1· d.:rivon hy ovo:ntn th:.J1 c.:ny 1~c1·t10nc.J. foo J5:nc , I ror·roti;od tho ·to be f'r:.te.:l,):x enc ~1.. •,y c,seil iio cJi t.1(1 • 2- rec·onci1 ·.i.:l:rtion . Thia ho '.nt.l I l i vocl. I l C.Jl c lonr ~;imo , unr.bJ,o to tur:r: over i n ey these �( - . $05 - '-" n1'""' 1•·· "-'S:' .1,i-v ..,.,., ,1 J)'~ r-. .., . . , -.]-rri . , ,_,, ..-,..Lv I·n .. +i· <,,r't; ]·_me. ., • .: ,-, • . '"'C 1u c..1_. .-,,, , (;>'7' "' ( """'"t •r;·,• r ·· -i·c ,~ ,· ,.,. "V", (·z.c l".•" :.; ,.._ "'.j0• ,('1 " "' ~~·" '-' * 1 \ '•'l ,;.k l.>--.J.~ "' ""h .: J.,r...A• ""'C l t· o ..,., ~ J. C-i <~·,, - t..:~ , n·!:.f~,-,,..J~a ,:1 '-"'v l: i;., .i..J :t. '- "l"' ,U V - I• I ·wp,s :not k i 11od.t ... at l ee.st . ho donou.J1eod nry uzc o:f }.'.l'ms , 1Jccans e tho hotel , ~im.1 •.rnrc only ny krd.f o . :f:i.r0s - th() s1evo- 1>o~·w1~ on on e re; J:(d;t o tl t}10.-t -~~ side , ::·nd U w .tHloli t ion I l1u.c1 not br)cn 1t i l locl1. A11('l. cu.ch men n.z Ba :i.J.ey n ec111cd to ht to me , eH;h 0r lH~c i:mtJe I v1&s a Souther ner , a.c t i un .. ruzy p:r.et em; o of thct c art ; 2.YHl I st rn.cl ;ju.r ~ i i' j_e c1 in tho c onso i once , ::or tho exo:rci se o:r tho ct or nal l av:r of :3t e l)b i :ng ✓ �I I ', ' '\ - 306 et r.'!r)b i:nc v;:l t ]1 i nton_t to k i 11. Y.110:n J ohn Brorm we11t (i.o-v-m into Vit·· inio, u:.-1cl foo1 i Bhly l o:-t _h i8 l i :fc :r he bocu-.mc £1, hcn-•o r::lth ·tho l o11gJ1ai:r.od Aboliti011:l"'GG ; bui; -r1he11 I fCB!l tn "l.;1:C llo~:o:rH:10 of £reed.om of epe och t--inJ. t he l t b e-:cti or.i o·~· ;_,· lJ 1:1011, i;ho f;o used ar ms ( a ~ not k l l l o tl l aJ,1 i\ · I h illl b een k i lJ ed lw tho mob at Lo:d.ngton., :r mY'.). <:1 h..e.i.-;;e hel d u :pr:i.mo p os i t i on i n tho \7orld t D 'f!llli1/ft o;y-e ; 1nit . ;),$ 1 co:ni::igns rno to the place of ~-- f oot - noto l hv.m::m 0 1· ·, ·i · · n "' v (.1 \ ,' ). I to m.:.nre t ho t h:l.D l' ·1· ,,, •..,,. .,, ,_. •. :l:p,..,.• * 0,-1~,;_ ,., .... b y Oonvm1tion oi' 1890,. ••"-'J! ' (!◊nt1on-cchool ftmd tc t:tw oduc,. t i cn of tho :r:uncl thero n f ter i nviol[:.~)10 ; I'nd , by o. rninour.i nn tl :f.'nt u l policy , macle , f or i; h0 f:H'mc reHson, t ho j udi c j.o.ry clcc-t i ·ve - s.11 t his to }~0c onc :i.lo t he :poor \7hit es to s l n.-ver ir, wh i ch t hey hop ed t o mnJ-co pcrpc t -uel by v.n uncl1ang:e ablo Con - s titution �- 307 nt i t n t;j_ o:m , V\-1 lol: 00.n n0vc~c 1)c :conc hed ·out by en t~.prct!.l to Con et.Lt;nt i ont: of the St : ·tHs r):nd Fcd.orr,1 Govc:-:~:r.t!'Jent arc no the 2,_,_bl i c r!i 11 i n tho Constitution ,. Uon, GhcnJ cl tho Slave Pt,.r t y ge·i; in·~o the nati onnl C' ovc111ciont , antl ·th1·011f-"n :polj_"ticc.1 action, or ju.cU.e i i:~J. docinion, m8.kt.' the 1atc ai:icn.drnontG :null ~-.:nu voj_t1 11 t he oluvcs :i.:n S:on~~ilci::;y ,, noy; :free , c ou ld 1,0 clo.:i.mcd m1d hold by their :Coi·mor mt·st ors ; a n d tho Kentucky Con 3titn'bion -r:01.1.ld ( ,1iThi.) ·wc.f., ¥i.ci t t (n bc.:·o ·c ifru J.r.ot :er,1f.'i l10.n~; i ,!.l electi on - C. 1205.. Ana. r;h:U.o the Co:n::1ti t ui ;i ,,11 o:f 1850 vn,c: ~1til:!. in o:i.· cc . i:. Et.'h- l-=-:H:f&-.r:::;;--$!.,- l! "'D OO · -hen '-' ' T ,., ·t:·t•c·I ··,,i·c"l· f \ f ., .,.. ~-•I I I- I ., "- · -L'ter Gcne-;ral Haneook ' c dofor,t , t h0 Lou:\ ::wi llo COEI ER- ,JC'•UTIJJ.1\T1 r oftt.u)d me, i n ·t;h o moct dceided ma,n:acr -> i;ho 1u~o of i ts ccl ,1:1mn f o:t· diseuns t on; r~n d. yot we r ead , o.11 throu0 h t he D0:mocr::2t i c preg ~, , dcnruici ation of t ho Czn.r boc:-t-:.cc of tl1c, m·-r1p2:·em, i cn of t he l l bcr ty of uttc:-.--cncc 1 I t rm.n i n "G1:ir; yc r..- 1· I ::dclrcnsod ::ivo l0t ~· crs t o 1Ion. Den1.o1 ~:cc)Stor whic1· \-:c:-,.•c ori g i n::~11.; ~1uoli chcd. in t he LTATICNJ1L BRA , o:t '. :,., £.hin··ton Cit;? . ** ~ ~c~~.titW\. &~~ . .., On our i'i r:.rt ·,y ;_ o, .JG-:'n1J1 i Dr( fc l ctto1· i'r o~ C. : .• Clay , aclc1:to::.;eot•. to Dr.n i 0l ;·/ebstor, z:h i c h :lG v1 orth,y of hi::.i f o . .wc r nee.l u:nd in".;cr,ri ty in the e.nt i slr v er~ cnusn . Uo mPn ever s t:irr ed ur om: o_piri t , 1 or ot r u cJr a cor d t;h(,t v:Lb:r.r.te<l t hr0u.r;-h :·,LL the nc:rvos \ of moral sene i b i l i-t,.;y in 1, 1 J.D nn.ti on , ,-c c. :,.. Claj,· I did, ;·:hon r; t;rncUn g 1:i.lrnoct nloe i:n K0ntuck,sr , ho _;;.,...,. .,... - . L - .:! �( - 308 - I I udvoctJt ed tlw <-'io ctr:Luo ot· ab::,1:2.tion.. Uc 11 z-un ttell for c t in10 ir - hts ca::'.'ocr [:s a. r 0f.01'iY.or ¥la~1 a short but br.i1lt ru.-rt o:nc . Gs:st u.pon n ni c k bod , hiiJ enemies f'ou.nd h·l:H feeb le i n body , an.d the;y" dost1:oyod hls p:rer: c . mid s i lenced in a. :most c owe:r.dly manner , thc;t; voice which was r cus :lng the Y1e.t;io :r1 . ,+--r--r-1'· I When I co:nVE'.ll"'tev. mec1mn:1cs . tenants , a.no. labo1:-ers to m.·-7 l ibcrc l v:l.ows ,. 'tho Dlavo- r owor oi thor bulldozed them. or ;.;:; tar vou. them 1.nto om:lr-·ation to Ohio , Indi ana, m-1d tho evil .. 1. saw thc.t a large :r,ortio:ri of tho st 0.te Ym,a nounte.ln- ous , 1t1hc:,:•o there ·mn:c hut few GJ.a.vea , £mcl the pe o ,' lc cour - a geous ; s o i;hat i :f thoy were onco eor1mi ttod to 11:&e;:ati on t of thC1 slavoo , WG c ou1d ha.ve a 1-::e1"me.11.r:.m t nucJ.eu :.':J of polit i cs.1 T "" abm.1t ono ·t11ous9,;nd d.olle.rs .. He h ad been my a.r.(le:nt e::nd i:ntell i gont frion<-l:/ f or yo:;:1•s , and he.cl a-t onco ·ndor,ted my openly 011 011.r st<lo , hJ s .£ath01~ ,. a zla'"-re - h ol d.er and r.Jmr cmnan, vre.s a lionc.te<l f1:-om hJ.m, en d nli,:uncto1y cl.~ci nho:riteo. h:Lm •. 1 saw i n 1\' eo • n hcirotc ru11(l. p :iotrn eharnc-ter a fit umn f or tho sery:l.ce I pro ;Joctod. So J. wrote 'to h:im to come on to Nk.., clison and. h elp uo . Thi s he d. i d , ui•in r;in[;' wi th him his i:ntOll:lg c:nt rd :fe , a !;1:if{G Hnmi1ton . tho d c:.11r:1..ter of i1 �- 309 - p l ain r-na. scnsi1)1c f~ri:mer of the s r'.l'ue conr.ty . I remo,bor, a m.1011 J.o·L o::: 1m·K1 . - as much as he nantod for hin :.-rofc , □ io11. - cs u homootoutl, v:hich i n non a pa~ct of -t;hc tonn of }Jereti ; r:n0. c. r,. ,cJ.1 tl~ect :for tho c:hn:cc11 end ochool , when sol( 1c:ov,,'.!:'(".l J.oti:J of' lr:'J'.ttl n.t nominal pr icoc to c-u1" most cour8{;,oou.E :cr·icndo for. i::olf-p1•01;e c tion. v.h1.:cl y kept i'or lonr yo-e:r.s , I su;ppoeo t'hts movemont \?e.s o.buv::; :Pee 7 t!J.C y02.1· ·::.200 :i.n 1851- 55 : "18fi5 , \le.rch 29 . Pa.i d Johll G• :i?u.. J o:i: c~cn-:;ribut:l.o:n to hie Ji;.;nso . 11 the co- ccl1;.c.:~tion o::.: 1Jl:-·ckn o.nd -.:h:lto:., , muloc end fcm r 1o , fo1· .1.::i.1,erettc·n itccl:f: was iihon too uncorta.i:n for Guch 11xo jcc t . The ho~:or of thi0 lo.nt 11at:·.•:lotic c.:acl Christian TI'Or' .. belonp:l to John G-. roo alo:no . The :roli tic r.1 di:f':for011cca of 011inior. ·botv.cen un i c :[\i.l] :v cot f orth j_n ·cheno volumes - oo thnt al J. the ·;;O1·ld m~,y ,j1.tdt.:0 u.s . Ho hc.s el wcys bcErn f'roo ·to cri-t:lciac m.,y coi..1.roc , hut my f·riono.0hi p for him has scicl o:f me won.lo. Jmvc 1)TO1.1ght on him ~ v :eatcst indi gnution . 13ti.t ~s I l<:-t1m-: ldR sincori tz1 o:f rn::-..... o:..)C ,., and hip :hl i osyn- .__ crac ies of thouc ht ,. I hc:vo :not hol:levcd i t nec00snxy t o defcn(l r.iyool f . d.ioti11r,n:i.shoO. o-trnnr:crn c.r.1ont· othe~: P om,oll Sr.ii th o:.L' the Oentu.xy �( - !:510 Ce:nt11rg coVipe.ny - Yie re }):resent • I took occr s i on i_;o ro:~er to tho hiuhor l r!:rt oont rovcrsy . I hold and hm:o h.oltl i"ron1 ft,.;nd ·t;o wl6eh tho::,, e:h.01.1.l d b e co:nformocl ; thfi.t the c;;:is'tc:nce sh01.1.1 cl be tibol i s11cc1 .... :p.o-1; by i n rli rc-ciii on or slc.vc - ciHo8"p i ng , c.11(1 the b nllot - to :r:>eaces.h1y (~Onform t 110~ 1 0:.-1 . .J:1.e hir;hor {Seo rny letters -~o Da,:rdo1 Wo bst-or , .:p:p , .~QB ee·~-.. ) How memorabl e i:.,po :,c l:. o..t l~:'l.cr}1.mon d , v;hen t h~ r cvol ,1.t :i.cnm'.'y c orrimittec , d.ivJuocl i11 cH.,tmc:l.l J e.tt ernpted to s ilence :me . The Cavane:v.Q:hs , with dravr.n :~li c tol s t11 hand , tried to Bilonoo me ; but I <lofj_oo. them, ns wi ll be i/K'ten in the r:il::otch of thn:t event in those 1i.cmoirs \O ooti on is 1wccd. 11pon i t . J ev;ioh s avants but a tJtUU b'/hn't i s t ho mor::>1 eo<le of tho o:e r-,.1,1 t:hc o::q)odi onto of s cionc c . of: consci<Ju.snosc , of philoc-{ oph,y J of t11e hie_:hent thou 0 ht of e,11 t'.he ages , o:f oJ.1 ·cho r:;onere,tio:ns of men. gonor i1.li~ea. :l.11to the Ton Conrrnanari1 cnts , i'or tho gu i de of loss thou.g:hti:\.11 mon, ant 10-t1.d:Lt1c to the highot::t happiness of the re.c e ? But 1:lmitou :ln the i r 0,:ppliez,:ti cm to tho uct:ionB of, men, at · least 7 �( .. 311 - one o:i? tho in:dni tc octG enO. p:t·orio:i:-f~io:n to a l"'D.thcn · dc'licG.to bOdJ· . Hi u :i\1r· t1J.ro:3 are not :ccnnm"k(3,b 4, boinr: rr,.thcr· he::.. ~v t 11im cl;;.::ssicc-1; he:i.:r ·voi ce , like HoTaoe Gr0eley 1 s , ts r• i pin v , wi th but little 1•~1nnt~ ~~ o~ ....,...L.1..J., ...... v'-'.! ..;:. \...44 .L. no~n~nn V l,..1J·''-· r:;,•.:l t• ~n 1..>v LV ~.CJ.\...,t, a~ •.r,o .,.. mind concontx·t:>::;es u11on oi1.0 t:r.·u~th, tho c1Jl;Jc,ct ;:i,t i csv.o; bni; he l ackn t:;cn.01.•~:!J.izti.tiQY;. ; t\nd h e CPl1 lw:i:d.ly 1)ej dec,f mcHl ascEr!;io k:i.:na., but i'n.11 oi' tena.-01· 110.es :i.011 a:n<l Chri~,'t :i.r:ra love , when h:10 i t1.€H'.M3 of 1.·i gllt do :not prevent •· struggle for· LiberBtion. 011 "'i.i h o w110:l.0 ? he Hi s work i :n Beree. i s f:cn5.t:f:'nJ. of fs:CCa t �- 31 2 - great good. t o i;hc rmd. tlw co1J.ecc : ,.. 1. ·i:J i dosi.o , on.0. must lj.ve* Cabin Cr.e ek P - o., Lowi s Co .. ,· K,Y. ~ J1mc 3 1 , 1849 • Hon .. C .. Li. Clay : De:.ir :i::t.·icncl. :i:'01· zuoh y01,. o::r.·0 to me ¼ vii t,a. paJ.11ful amdct y nn<:1. enope:nsc 11rP, e I 'bee n . 1 '-" "'r\ ..-;1 (). -{' ·/-:1-i•l <'! 1"1')"1.·• .,....'l ""'!i" 1 j }1u··,_·,1 i '"U'l+ 1' "nn' "°~~ t'l') J \.. \""r'l"J. ,.-~- .... A.L.e_J _.,, w,,;-,•l. H«;..4-..t., - .r,' · ·,1c, ·ls;o lJ horn-- a true 8\c:-cou.nt o:i: tho a.f:£'rdr 'b,1tr.rccn y:):i;t ei1rl 0 u;.. (wH\.' Tu.rncr ., m(Ln .::..,.,;;,.., .. . .., • ' ~".J.,.-,,.., ~~~ \ J, L .. .,1,. ~. Y r :d. oa:::i 1·0Torts J1n ro I hce.l, ti:nd man.y s t ato- • e>-· . !!< •p-• ,-.+ • .,,: , . , , , :pc;;pers -:1r ... ,"A1 "t 1,0 ,._,...., no8"'· ..._ ,, vU. were ldllcd. Sac.1 wer€i oux· hc1:~rts "' Yle 1'€1 i:; we ht'.Ct lo t~t ~1 str 11,1} u .. d--bof~J;er - a Cf.!)°Ltiin oi~ t;1>.e 1103,'{; . 1Ve he e.:rd, W~) S l",W , the enenw :co j ,. :icing , 0.8 'iih.O~J Bili)! 0G0d i n t r:l.u.r;rnh ., i'lo nr,xt hoB,X'ct. -'~}1:, t yo,1. wcn·e oJ.ive, f t.Yttin_r,; i7$ll ; , 1ntti tho enor,111 1w.u ~,till u blt',ck Jd.cture : It '" wao -",;J:u:t ,ou. rrn:N, r.-mk~ll1::, a s:peoch. .R:1nyan c t:- l J od y Qt1 a d1?mn0d l :i.r;.:.r: .- You rushnd. i mmecli :!:.rtely from tho- st s.nd., intenc.l.:Lno; to muk0 h:l.m t ruw i-t 1)~: ck , o:c ,1hi r, h:tm ; them Turner. r,ueh.cd j_n : nll told. yon to wh:i:p him .; At t h:l..s you tnd. ho cxchangerl snP-:ps , them d:tr:n-; -; , our k-1iwes , untl. you omyrt;i ed out hir-; b owels . :rh:i.s I tho·o.ghi; ·, :as :not true • e.ml sn:J.cl so - s::>.yine: I iih:inlf Mr. C1s.y i o t oo self- p onr:1EHmot1 to :cuBh in :fronzy f r O,.il t ho ::rt :.::ml, wid thNH:.'te:n s r illi 11r of 1.>1000. for ov-02.:r insult of ,lalttr-:flu:nc sc o-P..:r.i:(1:i:·c1}3 i:n & :()rotni set101.1n tiJisf:1EFH'nly ; thr t t.uu. ~!'!•·" n; _T "' ::i ··· rvOCL .Ln 1 ho W0').10. not fee l c :- J.Jcd u1,on ·to k i ok evm.'Jl jnckess who ~ · _,..,v 11-.-. , 1n1.' ,, 11 ,. i;:,•J1 ,t;.• · -'· b .!..·uteV l.-.•tcl· ,I!). ~ \.. h·11n • --l-'\·, o •t; t ,)J..J.\. J,,.._, rc:fc·i: ·m, j:'e:f:cn:"r:l.np: to p ictol . ..,~ ..._,,,;;:.> tn~ "l "! 0 ·J..-~ ,J,..,. cr>.c -w., 'i n " '"' 0 .... .:ll ,£.Ck - ·•(.,.:,,· .LU, r.nr:Ht/' ctn nt 'ion c.n n fru:U; of sl:::.vory, ho t-:o,t1<1 h o h:':.s-ty to J.'l;!SOJ~t; to r.n;wh . mJ.d i.·nml d no no on:ty ati n li::st :i."oso1;it j_n solf- dolence - t . -:· nr1.:110 b ody or. l i fe • !cD d 11.ot -rn 4 11J· C' I,,o~~n..,-.•!"' "'),.; -r.,{\m:·;_ E ••·T,_ '"'O,.,_ ., ,,..or .. ~nn<l... , 4" '' ~,._,t.\t:J ~~.;!. ...') .. ...:;,; <n .r.,,., J.. tM,J~.L ' po1~ht11n:i . 1.iruor 1,~t t 1, cFio:r1t , jn 'Gh:lc;h O.. Turner :i.s ..,\, (.,: ., .,._ . ),J- .Q,t C,., :i: our.coo:ntod W:J aoc orrt:tmT y ou ·i:J i-th d--u. l i e . 8.l'Hl a 1JJ.O'i'i i n the f 0-co; f;!Jl.Othe:r st;.9,bbe d. yon • A1:fr0d ~:Ul"ne:t: b ee,L:ir.1.e yo;µ over the hea.<l ni"o11 a c t·11e or elu"i:} nst i ckn rra<J. ~\:or.::. Tu.rne:r. snap:pocl ~:· our t;:i.mcs fat y on.1.· he2:d- a s et of 11npr:Lncir led v.1OJve 0 , o.s I b c1:bve ~ nho had co:ncp:l.re.d. t o !:: SC,tts s J.n~ite you , i :l.' th~.l.J v.cconnt 'bo ·t1~uc . :t 1~eg 8.i.'C1 your ac't1on only cH:; thrit o:t; Gol:f- cte:f:o:nsc,, n 1t1. th-·t w'11'1 o:'1 "' '1. '"':n · ~• ~ t ·q"·.1.•l1 1'V" t . V.'Oil ·1 1 i,.-• "'T0 <-<o,• r.,Ji iJ ,:o·nr l ·H'0J •t J:'f ... ,.r··J.:/"'.> ..... .\ ~-... .,..., ·\...""""-V t ... ..... . , .. ...--...,\ . ~.:>(;..l.,v'-,.t\J,. ..,i.._ tho H/1..GI,J:1 accouni; bo:h1o ·true . ,4 I f'rn cp a.c t 11~t you _~ . _fn1:-l.)ore to une i\Wt:t'Ull1c-r,t..6 v{f ~ . vJ'Lo11ntA-t. dtV~ ~vl"" ~;,,tl ! tt,A,V µvf~ ~ , /f'?X..,-1~ , �- 31.3 :t!hot:1 who y:oro pro:l.'oBs otl omcnc:lpt:_:t; i oui . t s ~·,e:te s ::-~ inu , 11 1t \'Ji Lt hr-,;,~ a b ro. effect 1..1pon t h o c ~u.::c , n un cl no j,t v;o-11.J d . h nrI t lw :t:l ~·st 1~opor t been time ,. And. lYJW , thJ r- ::1cco·u.nt 1 being- t:nrn ~ I 01}.t tho moro nihnire y ou:r: s ol f -TJocsossi o:n ~,w1 d e::Lil1EJ'.t'8-t :l on . ~\t'cm t ho :fi r s t t t :'.J:o I r.;t.JH you ~ :.mcl O t.li1VB'.l~De<l '..'iith ~-ou ,. whic h 1-.re:w i n. y ov:.c orm h ou ::;o ,. I h tJ,v 0 ovc1· c a :i.d. , C .. :,: . Clay i s :not a r r- Gh mv.:n. . 'J.1ldc aff raJ,;- td l l do y ou ,. n or+ t he cD.suo , no injury, bu t go od - :i.t e how.:1 t ho 1 o··'t l':,•'>i] .. "'l!Yfl' ·'-"' ~ '-"·t· f.J • " .•'....... i 1·•1. y'--'.J ..,· -:v VlCT◊ ,'iv10"1 t]1" i • .1. •• .., ~ ,. ,..,. )✓ 11 d.ca..d , 110 , tt se.ic1 :?. I · o~~OJ''!• .:..' •• v "v-.:.. <>Tj'C'J 4J.J +l" rit 0\..• 1'1cr .... ., J.1 _. 01 ;;·0 tl \."- nh e :i.o not; cie " d • by- frf;ant•.0:r , ,,·i.-,,-j ;i1.t · ,,.. ,r-,; ,..., r•·•o -,•k .,.,,...,.. ---1, .... .,,..,..,,""'1 -t<o c:'....!o YA.j. ...- t..,"'J ~y ,.,r, ..t.;.i;_'..'-.. ~:1., ij) .L v ..r.. iJ.-.4, ......,..V .t,;.~..;...1 l1 1 t, • Gvl'\,•"... _,...,,..1,...::~ 1 .. .1.. - - lmo,;:: idDldr h e i o not cload.. I l;eli eve ar; t hai, man ( c :it izo~n of I:it'.6.ieo:11 e o·n.n ·t;y-) tbd .. God. lw.c a. e lo:ci o11f..l WO'.t..k :foz' y on t o d.o . Ht.a y ov :i::-unhcci :i:': rom y our s 1.:c.n cl , an d (! l.l.ii opon S:11.:-cne~c r1101~01.y J:or c ~1 l l:i.n c yon a d.- d. 11 r.,e; ·f'-·i ,-, ,.l n+ .,..,:,,1'()" ;."-1' c•,:-, i;l f , mo1T\7 ....,,~·i n y,r;c, ,·,ov'L\•i hf.l'l'.TEJ , PO V \J -.,.Wi~ ...L .... V ,, lJ Jt~mocl JlOtt - h o-vo·· fs.ilou. t o ctr,:nd b ;y- ~you - ospoc.i &.l J.y t r osc :fri onu.s Bast • .:Jho c.ro not r c s i r,;tant 1.h Man.y oi yor;.1' f r !im:nd3 hero v;on:l.d hrrvo d m,e 1::,0 ~ I shouJ .cl , h ad. tho ma:n. u.o:ne :n ot h j_n c more thrm nHo op:prohiou ::, 0111.t hot e . But mw h i G ~-1ot tho c a se 1 as r:o nQ'1;; r e j oi c e 11 •..,.,.. f . . _, . · \;.,~ ..,rJ. ;;,. t o !n10r1. = l,, .4. Q IJ, J I.,.•• ~ -\.,, .£..4.V.. ).J 1 .,.. t,, •. , , a,-.~-,• £·,,.·\ nnt..,.,i.1 , ~J'170U 1· ,,"' ·""(' a_,.,.-nn 1·n '-J' _.,,., \',101'..'L · :i?or.b0a:d.ng it C01rt :tnn.o to {io i::10~ I f t hoy koc:p -cho i r 11t'..nd.~J o ff y-ou , let ther:1 r n.i:l. r::i.t h t h e ir t onp:w c ·the i r tonr:n.oc D.x·o J1 0 oc ,:- n t1al . You. 11-.·1:ve a:m.1 m:-c f ast \7irrrd.ng a· nsme that c an not ho :rcac:1.od by the ir c al.w;my .- 2n d wh:lc11 no·r· cxo i tes i.fb.t:dr envy . IJ:oll t hom, so l o:nG us t hey ke cr "t:;11-::1:.i.:1:- h ands off y on , t:11<'~;y· Cttu not Y':r.:ovo:ir.o you b ;y wo1·do ,. Yov. ar e aH :Nehemiah v:hen lmiJ.(d.ng the w~;,J.ls of .Jc:i;•U$al om - cng{¼<:_>;o cl i n to o g:r.•ot::.: i; n YJO:r.k to cowo <'.lown into the 1,la:t:n a:n.d. c · u:f:f 1e 1.vli -bh r:m1b cJ.l t:.t anr.l. ~1:ob1a11; t hat yol1. i:ro i n rt mo1."aJ. -i~:-IO''i \> t "6V \.J-i;,,., .... - .,; . __ ._. \! ,,. n cnto nt t m1cl that yo-..i. v1i Bl1 to Cf!:rry yoi.1.r gl oriou.JJ ob ,j oct b ;y mor t .1 reoFns ; 1,hc.t ;7:111. c omo :no·t ·to s 1 ::rugh t c7r y nv..:r• :f.clJ.ow- citJ. ~H.mc ., i :e t hey 11.'i ll koc p t11.oi r hauds of :i.:' yon . :Bov,1, 1011.p;, ~is; Ohr :i. Gt yonr· Sf::.v:i. ci.tr (li<l . !Son spat up o:n Hit'l~ · o..n cl r,,·l:i.J.cd. Him ; bu.t Ho d:Ld noi; evon l'OVi l o :::.g2.i.:1... YEny G-o.:l 0ti:l<J.o and. p re 0 01·vo yuu. :for ·i;ho glol'iov.s c ~unc ,11:ic h z,ron 11.:-,,v o e n:pous e d ,. The ,,,. ,.,.,, ">\..\J.. ;Jl· -rr '\)l':)t1 ';~ i f ·i<" J. " t• t ··, T,.,,,,1 1''<::1 ,,..a <\"'lli ~ tr.1 ., Br : ck en dill. g'.!.~e ct r ood . ~r:hc ne or,,le vrero doeply :i.rr:p:ro st eii.; ::i.t O}Kmed mP.ny .._.. mouths , an.cl stJ:-enr;th.onetl anlt oonJ i :rmod otho1~s . I nent o. l o i:; cor ·t;o tho RRA :nobl0 Hll(l ·:,•o C.,-,, ..:..1;,4..-...," J·. r..,_.• ,,..,,. 0 ~'--1:UP (,,."_\ .t. , , ....... U d .-,c•c7>•J b 1• ,., 6,.,. ~ l.""l "-• """' . J.. ',.,,• · ... .,l. "· "'lJ'r' o•.-:.• \,, .__ ·1·nn o •t;· 1 - 1 ~:-l.t,:,~ 1,~ ·j, .,,4 -'>1. ... ..;,... Ln-- i .•>. . -...,\, ~-ta.~, . ,:, .,,,P. f"'/.r.t l,U., .,. .,i.t,... ~. B-~(' "·•1••>\'VJ' f J.. . \.,i,n.\.,, 4,, ,,... ~._.•1·i·•·1~ - \ S.~.!- ..,, (..H' ~/ 0 1.1.r l o.h ors. . This ., tJ(.\G v olw 1t e e:r.od on rrr:.r ! soc hot tho :Lot t or i n t hif· wook ' z ERA,, I m.111>1::000 it mv.!Ji; ho:vo ·00en mi ocn:rrod., I . tw c e. ~1ot i c o t Jwro tht·.t yew r-re doI·d..., I s hall m,m1. 1. by f i:rs t opportunity _, ;:, c opy o:r t h:i. o '.".reek r t. gAQLE g iving him :no·t ice oi' pa:t t .- ;-,. 'I,,..... (·1 2· ·· 1"•f'o -i1 e .... •· l,. ~ - ""-• . _ .:c.:.v 14 ' " ... {' 0 ~1" "'""'"',,. .. ;..J. .... v' ♦ 1!T T -i.,, T'0Y) J ~..-. v . . -o . ·•tt' , 0tl-1'~ .. -t.•. -rr .:t- o1~1• ·"·- .... .t..' " tY· .$+ lJ o ,, • ,"i-t C. · , M,:rshe.11 t/. �- 314 <1. ·y sooner than I ex:-_pected t o e omo in o,:dor t hc.1; I :rni cht e;et it in ·thr".i"; vrcok ; 1)'n:t ,::cc ::.:t i :Ll too l ::te . I hud i t :l11ocr'be d. in the EA{!LE, HER!J.iD, ~ ct FLAG i'or t he n e:it·b we ek .. I 0cc ac yet; ·ch :,t fll J:t;.tle Bi lly t tt.U":Jhu11 11 , l nrc duhb. 1 m1.p:poue ~ from whut y on t o1d r.m . y ou 01~0 n.r:rri BEHl of -;;~1c v::-.l u.e of c old. we.t or i n c l eons:l.n g rmd ltc cr,i n r: ilo-.m. f ever i :n wouna.c , t ,ruj _s on . or tJO!'c o . I hope you v:i :i.1 uoo c;:r:ev.t o u.J:' C ~ refuse o..n9 an d. r 11 o.o;r:anu.s that 1.·d l l ono.ung o.1' :1e:1n· hc:1.l t ll t.J'ltl s of oty .. You owe i t ·vo yon:i:• God , y o.i r :fruuily , y o1u :cou.nt r:r , c.n6. t h e co.1.r. ne . Vin ·r1ro1·~, rt rJt :cc~i tld; ii.ceonrrt of t llir-; Tnti.t to:c e;hrcn . • If other::-: <lo not Ci ....-o i t . !JO:: h 0-ps y ou ,;i ' l soc :fi t bo d.o co , t hr·r ·.·: ;, t h e ZXA711iIBH, or ot her mcdit1.m. I she l l b e c l ·· d ·/jo }ion: frmn yov. . Huy you long l i ve t o lcbor for ;1tan' c J."Pclonr>-t:i on o.nd God r s r loxy .. Our be s t "i.'ich0c to ~you, yo r ri:l.fc Md i'Hnily .. I-.iP.r s h o.11 to May::rvi llc on t }w no:xt :.Cnrec (i ny - a JOHH G. FEE. P i 'b a ,:;1n.n :·5 , :P~.., 11 Docom'bor lr~ , l GG0 • ~ - .r::tr . C • . . • Cl r;y~ ~ D tl.r Jh:<LOnd : - J :n t,~·U.1 in t h e i rcc Si; i:tez , bc ilv a.ct:- i.nc d l on :r:e!' tha:r. I cx1~0c tc l .. :;y hoalt'i i ~J bott o:c thc.:n --_-:h on I · 10:1:t h ome . \;fo d ·u-ll l :t•r;.i~ie money en ou gh t o ""f:;,'{ -f o:r or.r 1::..n<i , a:n<.1. o·, en t1').r: r:ay -for other more md;cn decl. interc i:.rl;G • I :E int1. 1;:0Tn1b l i c f1.:ni s rn r i sinr~ ., ;P.ho· Re·,ub l i ca:n.s i:n Phi l &Zlel1;hia hn.vo s oy; .:;." ·tec.l :.i. 1•0ri the Tln er e p e oples ' pa:rt y . 11 They v..1.· o gotn;~ :i.nto t 1vJ ·i'tork :L:n g ood. eur:n.oDi; . I st op od wi t }1 s omo true ::'rien cln o:Z y o·,·x s , '-7m. B. Thoren.s nr.d Pr ofessor ~ Cl c-voJ.1:..ntl . Itiany 5.ncF ti :r.ou. foJ;1:,y ou . I t;ol:l th,:;m. y o1~ ;·1o·rc Lli, i l l i :n. ·!;ho f i o1a , an~'tr uc fri e:rnl o:c f :rood::,rn . I °Jclic-vc t h i n, P.n d I a.-'1 : t:J.ne(L ·t;her, I h c.ar ':'o ·u.bli ~.Hl'.l1.S 't t.1k oi' GU.(; h i:"IOn ee Bat es , 1n:~h · , o' c . , u.riil or-.tt y ·ur n !!rnc . I h av0 r epe:::.-1 cdly r::poko:.11 oi you in publ i c UD.(1 pr:i v nto & I th:i.nt::: the SI>~.r i -t · :i.t.;'\ ·d.s inr· :i.:r. the Ro:pub lic c.n ':.' '. n-:-cs , i·nc. •:7j_.:;_J. yet demi:·n tt a r e })r.:):31:;n::-tiv o ·'Jen. I ~f y ou or Chaz o or f:1oz,,,.rd. v.1:0 on i;he: t i cket , o::r. t 4:7." tri ed men , I sh:' 11 OXJ.JC Ct to y;o:rk -r,ith tho Ro-puh J.icc:ns . I shel l continue to do a l l I c t.n t o nrgo n. h:i.f}1or s tv.nd.n:r d .. W:.:~ D. ~:h Ont[;>,S of !Jh }l a c!.Ol iih :i.t:t s ey·n 1w wi11 thub wo:i: 1;: am1 o:.~.0O11{. n oncy to :Ln<.luco a hiuhor s t crul a.rc1 f '5ut , i f t he JH:-tr t y Hflnt1;ons clcv:n11 below \/hi~t i t T,a:.; lo.::;t t:i me , ho :ls off .. }11.-1.n~: r c ll~1 of others \7i l l a.o the s:.:::,:ic - yos , t h:.•-:1--cc.nds ; anct t h:-t c l a ns of men the }):D.r.t y can n ot; well do i".'i.thou t , 1 D1· . Har t of Ne-;-; Yor 1·· 1 ·ror.io::icu. t hat I :: ddror,o a l ot t er t o y ou , c ulling y ou· out . I tho11rht it not boot t o d.o s o 11.11.t .. :i. l I shonJ.<1 s ec y m.1 ncrnonaJ.1:v . :~,· ,..,..,.ita , to you , . n G. hi ve en :::;,r r o11r cme nt . .Jit.,,...,.._ &~ 1~ l -~ �- 315 auc.ionce:::- - ::ri;a.;y · ng Ionror tlio.n I hr•.(l inten(lod. por1wps ' t i s c.11 ·;mll ., I J.orrn there is zor,o :fool i nc a gr· irn!"I; mo i n Kontuck:f in c onaot u cnc~1. of ::.· n c.rt;:i.elo i :n t he :t:©au::i:s:t Lo11isvilo Co-Yr'lor , r c-prosentinf n:c as HJT ro--; ing 1 John J3rm·m ' o <"·0~1r ::io , etc . ~u.ch i s a d:iToot per.vcrs:i. o::. of my nntf o:r.1:1 i1..ncl i 11vu~cic blo to:'Oh:i:n,::· • I lw:vc bean cw.2·oi"lil h e re , t:.nd ':'..l•,;;s.y::~ u .. i c1 I tli :;;urrrovcd :hi o ;.11xiu1.o :r e ~a of nct i o:n - atte~J11)tu to alJctnc t; 7 or 'l:ncd.tc i 11rn.1"r c c 1-i:r.- 0"· t-, btit th~ .,. ··1·J..>l. ,-.•·t·· ·1•-r· Co 11 .; « ..... --,.o-··Ld t ·1- - on· _, , ._ .. <.,1-'.. tJ J. 1 VJ.,..,,.,.n , -~~ ...--.... V -l,hc v... "' - • tJ:-i..rough J ohn Brmm, i n h:le ::::p::1.ri·l.i o:i: c on :::ecr.v.tion., I m1p1"03e I c:_-n l .. OL hcl·u tho gnllib:Llity of -the y,eovle , m1les o I ctt01J'l-t to co.c:i:nct by · 11blisLi11g . I s thin host? 'lr:1 tc iio uo id; Ch.tc in:nr•.t i, c:1ro o:,,:· GE:O., Ji .. Hood .. I she.11 st:·xt fo:r. Lewi n in o. de~- 01· t1.·m ; fr-om thence to Ci n cimw.t:i., cric1. 11ono . J'Olli•· G. lr:CE* 1 .rmr _;,1 TL·; t _,1 \,,4,. ..J..jil. '..'.'/,. f~H:TJTC TON r:J,; r.u 3 ··.rc . We hi:-:v(; rccei··.,ed. :;:·or £:Ui.Llic , tion i-hc :t'o11ouing c o:.~1·eu7O11d0nco . It -rlill com-rm..n d tho rliclc into·.·c Gt ~ ml o.iitcnt:Lr, r:i t 1: ;,,:~1ich cvory t~.i:ng i :. 1·ecci vcd oy ·tho iHlblic from. 0 £~ssiuG LI. C1o.;y , t h n nhom a. more g ~lJ.e.nt opirit do0~ n1t ~ivo : Oct ober B, 1867. T.o tho Ed.itoi· o:Z t11c t o:pu.1:> l ic : Tjw incl 0{;1 c,1 c o1Tc;:::)011c~cnoo ·:: ~:i..r:, :not; de: :if:i1.od , ,,11en rubl:lc,·ti on ; lJu.t t\C ilir ,.. Dn:1is 1 ~ 1otto1· m.· i c orrt Jy t o elici t i':rorn mo i:or;1cthinc :fo:r. general I haV<J thou pht it best , rmd. no b1·or10h of r:r:i. tton , ±'or Yl V.S intcnCoc1. oxp lr:.:ne:l;i on , confiden c,) . t t llc r r ccs . o scnc1 h:i s lcttor r nd. i,ld.lj Yov.r obedient oo:r•vazi.t , !~C")l ~r r..t once to C. il. C!:AY . nb 2'·• .1 c.-_C!01r_ , ... .,,•.•t"'., -r-: ,,·.1. · 0p • Co· ., ' v-,,.. C't <.., - -' · • '. •' \ . '>.cl • 2, 1857 . • 4 1~1'·... •• .... c·1,., ...~ t 0,..tob"'1'' ,_ ,y '-·' v •• Den:r Sir : - In common viith mu.J.tJ't;11dos of' tho fr:.i.,,nde of f~cscdon , I le· rnccl ·:;it· ,~crrrc t of t he \lii:1t u.:1:b· :ncnc uhich h r..ve t : Jre:n ,--lo.co in Rockcostl o County ; on cl I vra:~ c l :Jo sorr y to .t o:·rn , throu(h t he CllICilHL"i1I COI.1.'i~•;i'C I JlL , thc.t y ou c1.i d. noii fc el t-t l i bcrty t o i :nto1T one your }'.)Oi7E,rful i.nfluonco :for the :i1t'1[nton:-1.nc o of th' .. t frc ecl.01:1 o:C' :.~peeah which h r n b een on j eyed thr o111 l t h e olonoi n f: of l)rovidcr1co on y ou.1" oxo1--t i ons ; t1;!ld I :Coar the.t :f1•icnds :i.n i.,Jie Horthm'.'l'l St ~,·(; e s Y1il l m1.G!:lp··,rel10nd ym..u: nithc.1:r.: ·n~,l of a.i d :frcn: B:r o-tho:(' Feo , an,l in/er 1;hrt y0,.1r };cul j_ ~ sleckcning i n ·the cause of u niV<:n.·s al l i bo1·t--y . I f ear t too , th.et ,!;h<..:t; you sc.y s. out n1--cther Fee ' s pooi t i on tenrlin:::: to 1·ovolutim:1 l:."'. 1. 1u in::,U'.l.'roc t i cn may i.nflt'mc tho mob . But , of cou::."t:e , nw i mJn:-cnaio:no c ome from 1·0-oortc - re c e :i:vod �- 316 - roc G:dvcd i':com thr' t regi on ., ::t.'l'ld I k:nm7 not tl1e ,Jt r:tc o·f ·thinr:s a;:- r.-c1 1 t\~1 o:no on tl1i~ r:round . 1 ·""" 1 '(;,), ·~ ·wc•1 +'1,-,,::, ➔ o-·i 0'"' i"li)~••-4t·o sen1· ~:o lt I t, -!d ....., ...... ,L ... ... '''10.1·"'-r""'· -~· 1' '1' .;u~.,. n" t,_.,. .!.\ y~tl"'' V V ~ v ¥-..).Y' ,tJ him the r i e:ht 0:2 srcenh r,:r.'oduee tho imr,ress t on th&t .t~ ,1.. ~ ., ....... yon indo:r.se <l tho ;)rinc..,c1_}'.1.€.\f;1 of the :i:',: d i <iul .Abolitioni a·ts? I t h i nk :not- .,. The SlP.veOhol ders and r :r·o - slavory r,10:n t.rhc, m0-t u. f or; ,1eo1-r.G ~~Po in U!}ttison tE d not th1:cL:i:: rw.. J udge Rciu , formo:r•:iy'' o:t th:in eircu.:i.t Court , dt d. 11ot th::i nl:: ho -r,ar: s;o1.1ct:i.011in g tho c crn:r00 of }t;:-o1;ho:r: Poe TTh0n he hero ch:- :r.gm1 the c;r,.n(1.- j .· :cy 11.-i; to 01:•i:nc in r.i, hill ng- :i.:m.3i; him., I i-:ioh. s i~c , yore wo11lO. use y ou r i:ni'Ju.encc :i.n bo'.ha1:f of thc! R11rost:r.td.110d nt tG:r.r·::nee o:S. rrh1t: th:i. :.-:; Goc1.1y mv::1 hoh ei:-r!;ly i:,eli vcis true , I r-:.i:'~ qui e 0111 0 t h ut the r o oplc o:r the 'fJ~Oo Si;.,.,t r: 1;~ v,onJ. c1 ::,p:i:rc ei..~.te tho a ction,. anil. ·;;n ,,t ;1rot..r rr.11gncmir:1:\.tr,y 'in thiG respoct 1c1ouJ.d 11ot l'w lo~~t on t ho Sou.th ,. I ~~hou.ld 1)e hamw i iO hcH: r from_ y o~: t.;0 011 ♦ 4 Horn·~cn;:f'11l.Ly ~ ,TJ,J.•'i'E:': B • DAVIS • Ivh- • C ,._ :Vl,i Clay ,.. Ocri, obe:17 8 , 1857 • Rev ., t.m.d Doar t":i :r. ·: - '".f o-u.r f::;vor of tho ~:d ir.s t ar.rt; i s rocc :i:vod . J: he.vo ::.voidefL 1'✓1-ci.t'lng an._y thing upon tho CPJJjoct o:f: ·tho 1 <'.to r1olw1 :in. I?.001'::c ;;-1:.;tlo Cou.:rrty ,, Kontncir.y, 1,rcfcr1·r:i.n r; to l i.e ray::;o1f 1:1.:ncle:c misap:rn·(frwnoio?V" :t0-t:t10r than .d o anythi21e- r:hi.ch m::ip.:h't; s oor-: calculfi.tcd .f.o t:.'if1<"l ,l'.'> "" "',•fltn o·.-..1· ci·r· V" U'l:. ,-;J ·f ·,'• :i c~·n i~ v . J...,;:1.•,.•.,<t.111;.;(....,,_~ :;; ti-,,:. .... ...-.•t.•, O!"' u.i,l \..,_,,.,('.,,. ,'~"' tio.: U',. ,.., ·,~)t••';r1 "~-'... t. '- •'w•"' t:i1e Re\· ., John G. JN:.o . 3ut ,s j_nce y otl put 1'.1.i roct ••'V'fl'>..... J.-!., p----r,«·r:· 1 ···,..,•·· . ·t· o .i_tt..,:... ~)-.>4~UJ.•\.,.)" 1 ,no 't ,., :"·•i . . )·, ·.'1. tl-1 ·ro1:" 1 --<1 ·'(._\~••J ..__ . ... .t..~t-"' ·to o,·,r . \._ . .,. ,..,,.,_,f: ·1~1<, _. ¼t ..t.~.v ..,,.. \:-' .1.;1-, f T'>""' ·i-'t' J' 0 11 r-t _,. · ';""" ~1 • J ~ •--• • 1.., ~-~, -.J•,o••-1.-C . .P'·q<"ll:" ... ~, ·•o~~Jy· J,..o ',;,,C 1.,Jl -"-' '-' ~- J.. .t' '°\' f ~•n(' .i.U. (., J. do 1 :.:Jt,uroo , b.ato;rcr I'OO'f)011oihD..i t:"1~ may :rtg:irt1y· rest upon no·f . . J.. ~J ...,oJ .,....(,., . ~-•. •·1 - • '1 t, . ,•:, .• 0 1 . o--;i'\~ <k.• • me. In ·tho f :Ltot _p lnco , t h91Y,I d.:i.(l n ot; x±km lm~XUQCQtx w:i.-thdr~w, rrr,/ i nflncr.nee :f~tom '.h'.im, but h e h :i.s :frmn me . We acted. -t;og(~the:i:- , :froi?\ lH::i fo:r:-(;} 1848 , uro:r1 1;hn '!n.ini:-:i 1 n:f.. C'O":l'' t -i·'· 0 1,·'t,3.,""L~ ·.l ,v'.l."' 1 O"''''l ----1 1-:) t'.•·1 -,,·,-rre'.l .·,,_. 0"-" ·f:7,.,o Li.+ v. J!~- (\<.•·'L•v· 1· \.<t ., ., 1 . (;._ .. " ~Y !t' ~-u ... v }··,{, of' Ji.~. 1B56 , ae:ri,J..11:::t my 1L1:-eont c,d:v :i.ce itni:i solonm · f::; "-t, . ~ne y:uo ·1 :i.c · 1 ;'{ , :trora " ,~ ,{ ' ,:;rw .. 1ro-ce 1;no :3;;n.i.1ip , :not. J.n. c f1,11a(d-t, o:r e, r:lt11:i.2-1;01~ of the Gospel , hu t; ~1t1 a p o1 i t ic:i.em:,, 1na1'l.e mi.~n. n"!J'cwa'J.o t:n ;::,uh-.?.t' :n.oo o:t -tho _uoc:t1·il'lOS o:f th<:) HADI C.!l.L ABOT:I'l' IO: JI ;-~:i::3 ., 1.thit.'! :1.B , ac :r imuc:rr.;utmd 11:1.mt sltwcr:/ b eing contrary t o tho higheJ".' la\7 - tho lr--r1 o:-Z Ha:'t,tu·o e,nd of' G,od. ... is "no l;;.W, n u.ncoru,;t J.i?1t:i.011nl , n:nu. -v i d, .: ml ought not to b e c::-riforced. 1.Jy juc1ec OT <"· itb;on . In (n.:- n r:c quence o~? tJi:l.s c:e:par::.t i <m. :f.'rmn t he H<:; ~n.bl i ce.n }?t~rt:y , i,hE: Contrr-:!. Club c-:t' cnu · St e-:to c r llca u, mceting t .m1(L ele c ted anutho:c Cor:ro:: ;T•0n1..li:ns ;3oc:re1it::-t.:r.-y :t:n Mr , .b"ee · s }5te,rul , ho bcd.ng ~ . ,.I...J-,},J .~ v \ .. , ,I X.,. 1 .. .;,i~ fl10. silent , i t; i;he: weeti:ag,. In tfldng hi s J:H)f.1it i 0n 1 thnn, h e sernt1·~:too. 1:.imn.01:t fro:n me f;m <1 my __..l)r,:rty ; r:n1't 1-ior1 , -.·;hen hif.:; o,_;n acti-cn bringo him i nto / tx on :;J.e , t;c hlV,..'Ufi me in 1..m .jv.:·~t ancl c..hs.n~d . })l."fH~e:ni; , You �✓• - ~5FI - Yon co ·paJ.a i :n that T clr ,,, .. ~ h 31.:i r•ed i l .: ;.: , ••:~ · . . -~ ' . 1., "Rn.r1 i c ,:lism1: is m:i , ..' _.,_~• .- , ~-c .tn..:,1-.u ~c t i or.o.ry" ,r I t h tnlc it • J LltJ.VJ..flt, :.tnu.ucccl norm o·(' ., 1 •· -:t-· ., ,. ombm"'k tJlC: i r ·f'or'·-mo·~ . -'·1 t •• v l.l C .L .L, on.-, to I hnvc To1t .. '~,f; h·:·· 1n.1 .,J.L:. r1 novo tLf'"J.n~r!, 81.aver--=r _ ,... .. :·.; "-· ..v i : , 0sc r.r1, u.ut·r to Jwcp t1· v .. ' t,;•.,J. C an, 1 -E.t ·r 1 . · ·r1 ,'"1dn •• R ., . , ,. .10:m U1lOn -~·.. .. ,,,_ .,_ _ • ,::, , ...J._ , ;, • 1• • le n tt1r.: · .lz :_; c 0 1) 0 ..-: 0 t:?.. .1.1-1.n a.s:non,, J. nJ-:,·J1go ln o-..1:r. Go . . t . ·. , :p1·onc2•i1rncl ~W l;ho o~nei.~i -t •tt -1~~:t.".ll~~~~ .!._,.. · n~ :n1 f!- rmy not :i.t . '1~1,0 cli ct in·.--·.· "' 1 ~ l ~ ;: '-'-' .1.u. v 1 :_ 1 at 10:.1 o:L' Ab" l·'"'··.. · . , t-1J.0.1ec1. ho, ..a. ~nu .1. r o:nt of .,.,.ho P , . H ._,_ J. ltJ. ur·, ·, •:- t ho •1 n "' _ it . --:..~"··-.,an:icaJ. . ·· """ , · • C• o ltC.l'!' . · fir;i, t'h i,' J ·• 1 r,tc 0 011:.J.CG[:O :rneoc1~ ~ ez,; ;'•o, r:r,J·y rl , _:, - -.''.J , '· ;., · -(.'. , \.,i.ec, 1 "'~-: O• • 1-1('\ 0 ' l'E' __ ........ •i o· ~ri • • . ,~-· , V tc .. ·L-_,.., ,,.,, ,, ono T-10-.r 1001 . ,.., 1.1 .... ~ ,v v · a . · · ..., ., -·, •· ; . - lCU'lf, 1x~o11 _r,-;-~ i?eo , ,. 1..,10 ..,:i. .1. o:n es cu.ch ; I am against i t · 11-, .-1 ~~-7 1 Sv l u c:nn:·J1cc c,71 ,..,,.,.1,~ I ,,, ".,, ,_.. , . -, 'J'l"'' ...~1u. ~ idV '> / ~ '-'< , If • rt r•orrifo-~t I! - 10 rrt t· · lk . ' .i '!' O ,l'l""' '. ,,.,_ ./-'t, v~:Or Cl:L(l nor .:.... ··· J.1. ~ _ ~ of mc.i:!'1t;Ai:i'l '.i.11r· th·, J •i b o"r•·liy 0 .-, "'.:.'eoc l :131 :.:me':. 0ormoc ·l;i •"1·1 ,...;.;."' -~i~- ::. , ·-- I - . . :i:. U<'ctrj:ne R i,.. l:!lY .. d ... ;,· . ,....... •~," 1..i1c-01·::1:.nf; L:1.s r.• . ..i •• ,_ t .., ,-;,U! • .:)UCh /;l, uro~:;ar,• ··n -•1 1" ..,.,.,., i · .:.i,.;a. 1;e 1 ·9- n n, , •..._., ._ o" r1 01-..e0,.,hll ·• "- t· d bu. "-''·' n 0. Slave " ' ' l•J 3 ., r, f ' state o·•' • ·": an,,·· ;h '·'.i::- · ,, • 'J ,:;tc a., ~ .4. r c1,-o 1 ut:i.on t1r·,.. t c.r . ,... . t . bnt . 110\1~r:::; -!:J1r.t bo .ir - ··_cc :t on n.f..,r.:t.n•,t "tho I f th, EC ··1 s :F-ll n , •• .... no 1 !',\,-,11 mcJ:i. ' U1 t.J. ~·inc no :11"' ,..l 'l!...,~~,..,..~. . ' ·l•1·0 1·101"1 ·"- } ·10 , .., ,,.,'I'-' • ..,. ' -i· 1 .-.~--o J,,·oo l \,,(.J,.J..k..,"--J. -.:>it;..zt \ , -·i tO ...t• 2-s t ho mcstcr . I f tho nJ.a:vc J o 1Is i':r.co ac the r.1coter . ho hnc tho r i cht to re::i:i.::1t tJ1e nr:.otor.. If ho r: 1.t..,ys t1rn m~.1.ctor., ho i s nct:tng 1~?5~l moral and l1:1gcl nelfdofcn~e , ~ri. 1 not onJ y <loc:..1 f'~ (10:1erve ··1,m:i.'shmcn-t by on 11 :;:cv ol.~lJiii()n• ......, v., r i·t ;i . ., • - ll' "('I ..l,.,. •,_~ - - • l ' 'i- ......... , .. ( • J~ • .._., lfH.t > 1,.4,. 4 I.J , ~., ..(..(;.I "'"" l,, _ 1_ 1,·;; ,H. J\/,. C, ..... , ... " {,).-L,J .L t he eou.:tt t; 01:- oi;hcrv7ico ; but c cn ll.omn.nci , c.nu. mrf.;:>.±tlx 0-:..1.c;ht o r cco:lvo t no.id an(l com:fort 'r :Crom ovo-.cy Rn.Bj_ocl ..·L \-.,., tJ1-- ,... ')J~Jd over i -, •lJ 4-1-;"' 1· 1",,... •~,bo1 , •· .-; -1v. ) ,ci.1·i·» L,, l .• • 1 n~i.nsu1·z·nc t i cm. -r;J ::.:ni: ::::n 0 ·1.v :!:i:l.0·1::--..:-c~t 1 n anrl i.n~.i ct;n:010 , aul p.m:i.sht b1c r;i th deP.t h under otu• s'li f•tutcu, :'t-:moIIU:;, J~ ~- . , .. , • • - . ·. • • C, Q ,j ''- V whnnovc:!.· an o,c:r.t :;\ct ,)": ·r.}'!.o 1)•11•-t of i; }1e s lave shall c::1.,,c fv.ct to tho theory, t hen· I 1G1ow ncthi:nr~ 01.' J.ryn or 1od,,:i.c . To ,...11 -thL· I nr.1 ,ip -Y-,O'.~ C<l - now, in the p,:t:.:;i; ,t1 8.nd in t;hc iu.tv.re . F i'rst , 1rncn'l.t.r:ie I run i n f .::vo1· of :::-. ·,cuc oa.bl n t:11cl f r:-:~to:trn-.1 so:i.:u.t :i. C,l:. oi' the olavo ('rtv0 cl 011 . Ilir.•~;or•r taro11N~ r'lc thr t pol i 'L :lcc..1 :1.ns·:;itn.ti cnrJ c;row• rn1t:! c,:;:·~1 next l!l:.,.D.o ; tmC~ m:t{ldcn .,...c•o,· b"'o~1 t}1-~- ()~,' "'· ", \.:. "' o•:> .., ""-01'· 1.·• oc• e w~•r..<·,· o~• C'l, J .... ,...,.tp ,..., h .. ," "!r •r , ·1 -~~= ••\-~Y ··Y C"• l-J v .,.:. t..a ... "'>-- r 1 -v ✓, ~--,,~ 1'1 n'r ">""'" "'J'( H'. ..... I ,. . 't''"" · " '\C> {~n < "' , , ... ; f ". L (' 0'"' no"· ..,_,u ;. --Vv J!~V t . nJ >-' • ,.:.. - '-" U,1 <•V .,<';.,.1.,, <><# (.,,.. ..,• • , '" , , I, for .-:1 co1.F1 do n~:tn, 'm:h for 't110 c;:tti.<lua.J n.uo. si;eblo ~~-<lva:nccfflimt-b:i.'~:ll i Vio.'b:i., n ~:.ncl h1.um~.: nity . Scconcl , bcannso my 1·oe;r·.1~a. i,,r tho b l :: c1c ::ace wo1;.ld lea<J. mo t u c~c1 rcca.to a1i iLsne ~.. id.ch. in m.y j1.1ct0-mo11t . \,oul<l uri vo thom to t ho ,:e..11 . Thi1:•ii 1 bocatu3-e , i f such :!.~sue as c:~-te:cwinet:i.on f,ho · id evor· 1;r ..:reutcn oitl~or l'.'OCC , I ~l,.; :f:or my o·.-:n~ th• r:1'.-U;0 Y.'BCC t agni:nr.t all o·t;ho1· r :J,ce::J on c:.~r·i1h. _. I have thu-; f.i.X.rn~lerou" you :l:r c:nltly o.nd fully . I ctnncl non whm.·o I have e,:L7:oy-~, c-too(i. , upon Ro~-u.1)li can c;ro1u1<l - tho ,:nlo of t }10 ~ajority, t...ml c onGtit-c.t i o11aJ. op11osi'l.iion to ulc;vcr.y . Arnl . lwvinf GJ)C:nt :f.ortm:m 1 .,L. r, c.h ""' , " .. �- 318 u2.1d :Lost :.Cr5.<mclD a.:nc. c .. d;c , r~.:rn1 r n1, e r .tco.ly :_;;•Jnk(H.1 ny lj_fo i J~ i"c:fen~~o o:f the corn;1;:-:.t ._d;i c11, :L J.ib orty o:,~ ~;he whole 1m.r Jln l'aco ,. I fL, eJ. thr i.; I cn.n n:ffo:rd. to look vri-'.;}, c0n te:m11-:s ur-on ·1,h.) i (~e u th,!t I nn 11 s.1.a.ckeni:ng in m~r ¼ea1 rr b0 e ctw o I ao nut. choose t o :f'ol l ov, tho leaf~ o:...' c vcrll· c,nc ,·,·ho , hmm Yer c on::v~ i cmi; :i. our; , may jeop[•.:;:ci a ;;:oocl cm:~;c l);y" :f.;>.n a·!;i o i sm ~ or foll y . \'/·; th r ci;_:urt• to i-.:1~.. Fee , pcnuonc.lly , 1 m1'·crt;:· in to~·,a.rcl h:il:: the mofft f J::L, :i,<11,i :Ce01i .11p-s . r c on::;i {• cr h 1m honest; an cl God.l;r as you say. He i :~ t~ ruun o:f z.oility an<'l pu:i.'O m1n.d , Iu "tihP -;;.- :i.d.0 v o-rgo of l:i. r o , d.erd;iny cc:per r'.too ti.S ; h e , €.i,ntl ~:hoso nli.o e.c t; with b,:i.m, Trra.Gt z-oo.p the e;ood an/l evi .l of i;hc i 1· aood,3 I Your obe<'i.iout co:r.•vfmt t C. ;,:,, CJ,AY • ;; o ha -c rooo ive6. tho follov.ring· :f::r..· mu .~:Tr . Clay f or :rmbli co.ti on . It i G a c o py of a J.ett o:r (lirectec1 'lio ·1;1~0 1ncm:iom ) LE;;-;f:EHGER .. :Ocoernbex I ~fl:'17 tod.ry ~ :i:01· 2n. 1859 ., ·t.hr ;:i rst t:i.mo , my nr.,.mc used ·h:\, 'li·11r--~nl•"l''/ 1~·••()("' 0 0{~11·11 r~c.·• o-f'-. +'11"' Jt'f vJ_....._~I,,,) 1 l e.:I;o r c oti11g of ~J lt>.vc - 1:,oL:1.ors in l~ic: m:m<:. i :l:n t;hi:• follm~·il~f; mU.torio.1 o ? y,nu•n : 0 -j~, r> /'JU'°'Cl""f· ·.,.. 'u 1] . .. .J.,A, '-> .) 1.L V l ·· ,.Lc.>.lj. 4 ''( "{ ; J.,._ U <,;.,\ .-~ • ,,. IJ '-, 1 ns.1 110 Fr :: 11Ji:::.':c1··b YEOFfilT J.o~r nu that onern :ms !!i . Cla;1 hri-:, ox1:n",:;r ·::<.: h·imGol:i:" u.oci<.lod.ly cppocecl -co tho opi on:iom, o:i.' Fee tm(i rd:-::, aBsoc:i.ates . ffnr1 t hPt the;v ought t o ·be cxpoJ.lccl :f:r .:;n, the State . n 0 I i; i n i'/cll kc1.orm ·P·t· ·t on tho t.;,th cf July fro:] thr :.1tmn:p, t:Jn:ce ;y0urc c.co , :i: a.cno11ncod t J10 d.oetJ~ino o i' t ho rrRad.:i.c "1J. .i\1) 0J. :i."G i o·i'~ i i,c >11 f.'.nd -~;ho Rcrv . J ohn G. Foe , LhLt 11r herc :i s no l :1.vr :for tnuvory 11 ~ - nnd. ~..gnin, in r. l ot t or ac)<lronsea. t 1.,.rou.e·11 t:J~o prc~s to r:ev. <Ta.mos Da v:i.s , I ropcc.t od my cti er-vorml o:f' o.ny rr:i.t~h pol:J.t i cc.l s entiment en my pei·t . I :1~~ve ag:~in and agt.:ln decl,x1::•0d i;h r::.t , n h j_lr.:t I ·rm.a iT:"i J.l inr · to defend tl1 c' l:i.berty of s ro ~· c b i~d -tho :nTo:;s 11t o Lb; nt1;m:-mor:::t , 11 <-1..e t ho Cmty v,hie;h I , i11 cor.r•ion -r:ith ove:c" citi zo:a o:r thin con:rmon wce.lt h , rn<J thi~~ n:-:t i on of' :6.·001;1011 :1 0\70d .,GO my 001.1...~try th: t I diet not bolio-.:-o tl!c 11 ra(lic :~1 doctr:t:m, r! :cir-;r:t , :.m.d , t;ho1•of c ro ,, I -::;c:rt"lci. :not jeopnrd r,11 1:l f€ ;(M.- 0,< ...t,c.c. <'/r,,, f:;:/4":,c;_/J:_/J;_i~f;;JE.,j_ob,:::;i~,~- �- 319 s i de , I 1mvo novo·c· ss:'U\. th:::.t :?cc, o:::~ u.ny other mrm , or so·~ of mon , ough-t to bo G:q)ollcd :.er01:1 i;b:i s ·t f.' ·tc . 1 havi:-1 v.:Lv:a:;s s r: id t1v.t i::: the I~t'Hli c ,.. ls . Pee , or """17 ~~, 1·c~,'\ o "·l1""r !""I""' " "04o v ~.--..J. , , 0""' ..L, ~, u l'~f .. . · ·•·1e ·.t.1 I -,,r•i \I,.,-. ol•:-t ...... l.l .1J -l-"'1(> vJ .. > ,,>~ l _ 1 ·i...; '!,,.,~JJ,. _J.. V• n , >r c:• <..:i,t, . , . .., ; I would ai<l i:n b :cinc-inr· tl18·-r to ·pn.n:l.s111nmri; ; a:nC;. the.ii :if ·;;-;1e:i.·o w:~n :n.o ].px1 to Jl1Lr1ish t 1:.o tw1c1 :i.11r o:c avov1i ng Ra.a ical v:Loo8 in a (i ommn:nYteal th h o1d.inp: slaves , that ·the nlav. - hoL1crB had 1;he polit i cal r owcr;-1et tJ1<::rr.: l)s.ns a law ii O meet the Go.Be .. I ar., no\'; , ever hrrvo b een~ e.n a r)·vc.n · S 1 \e,.d. 'bo , the: Ci70:rn one1n;y~ to rnobu ,_ as t;}m r.ro:rst 1t:1.nd o:t' o,11 nos · :lble d.ono'timns t So f,:.r e.c 1..,hc L;y1'1<)h - J.a v1 Comml~;to0 , t hJ::O\l{.i: the ir T) R .:;:t O'Yl e .,,t · .,,.'li-1:,·e.., :i -, .,, .,. 1"""" .,_.,"\r,.) ~.,,.. ~, !l ,Q, :••,-.{-j o•J•, n !'.l'>l(l J. C,-,.-.., nR(muh i c m1, 11 I x·0g,·:,·d i ii .us Hfn.ir· p J.v.y in J:01it:i.cs . 17 I cou.r:t f't tl.1 roJ.d f t::.i r d i Gotl8t3:l n i::md ucruti:n.,y o:i: ·i;ho :pri:no i µ le\\l :;i,11,'.:. a:ims o:t t1H) 11B.0pTtbJ ican Pa:i.:t.? • r' I ho:vo not; yet lco.rnecl to woigh trr;1 0I)inio11.s 'b;/ ,7lH·1,t mnnhers me,y GO.;:; OJ:' thi:r.J.t. I o.r:-:' ,. my<:.oli' s .::,.n I r i rJ1t? . ,c,,.,,,l 01. l,),.;.-,.'.l , • .,.) f'.f ✓. ,. , •.(l.9 ~""'1} \ "'·n c, , .. . 6, ~ . ~;. T ~J;;i .._ _.., Q] ,.. , f:J "'}·\~...} i, >-(;•'-'.. .u.,.!\.'-i) h:) ...,.! _ ........ ~-tt lr ..1.1\.i i ~'1 .,. ~~ .., t""""f·I\ o,,., ,A ",;1"'0•'1' ' · · • . }, L"""__,;r,.:\..,_,.t v ,.,.,_ - - - - ---{·--:~oocfr1o:::.:'.J·,u~e • ~:ff£1:iongh tl!.d' "L~ynct - lnw not be abl n i;o SlN::p w:1 th 11 ~~he nRor,u.blic8.n Part ;y- 0 . ., .. U .~ .. ~~ ..~"t..,· ""-~--r ·"=-.Y {.,U .., ..,.,, Lt,;y Comm:i.ttoe T:tf)..:l '~·H.::i--- doo?G u.:r.JJO].tcd o)! E'l:J;y not be 1 ::1:-g·e oni::-u.c}.t to moot ·the -,_••:i.cl.e v:i.£:i. on o:f tho llr'.i1.h 10n T.y-nc11cr·s ; b1:i.t i t ~.,., lurgo cmough to stHnd. '.iJy a J.1 1.t:;'} 0O:r.rv:i.cti unr.) 1 e;ml defend al l :tts r:l f'ht G, ·whonovcr wt th SJioech . 1..ho 1,en , OJ'.' i,he swo~cd . i t i s att.s.cked by dc 3~pots i "t·1 \ . • ..!.'h \.,,._ ,;,-,.eo ~- .J, ·,. ~01 ·1 • ,., of fice .. ·n.--r+.w t- <,.,. v ,J ,;,;;'1:'; "' -•<NiJ r1.c•<"l•I -,,, .(1 c-o""·'-·" •. 87 '" fJ ) -ro·•..,.,, J .µ,.• .P,. tl ,:, '"'~•J "'-·_r-i, ~l,:,,_.,J'_..d.v-t"'V 0, 0 ~ H-< ~1,.,. . ... <:<v f • of ·tho -_~' F') J'.' -· t1.·.1.,·1, !,.'4, "' - •_·•lY, • •V I :n 185 0 hc rmfi irivited by me t o come to Kcn:tu.c1cy lib er a l r.rnn t :i.r.2cn:l:i :i.n o.11 Ko:n.tn.ek-y ; but ,. aftoX' i;t.c f p.11 o:f tho TRUE Ai,IBRJ.CAN , in 1845, 1 vro.,.s d.onou.1u: eel. ,. :i:o mc.:rk tho s1lirit o:f tl1.o t i mes ,. f2:tl(l Jnli e.11 t ~1 <lan.ger :l:n. vc:ntu!'ing to s:poak /'.\ .._ �- 320 ... ope.Uk :ln u :;lr:.:, c fit0i;c . l hero :introltu.co cw~ne of tho 1.11- An/ ~•cl.,jour noc1 rnootil'Vl' oi tl.c c~H; h:0nt- •if Jt,,son Co11nty i'/f;W heJ.d ai; the Cmu•t Houcc in 7'0.sl1 i 1t•~ ton ., on ;;1ond.,y , 13th Oci;obo:r.· , 18-1fj_,_ to tclro into c o:nsi d01:·at i on tho }"i1:'0X,rioty of tho iJ.'.COCC ('dinf_~O of tho ]'..'OOJ?lO o:f J.o:dnr;t on jn 81t':}'>l'0 Dl:sinf' the TRUE .A:'J!I?I 01l1i.. T1'C 1!011 .. Walko:r: Roi.cl.• fOl'I:~Or.• Chli.11 f!lP,!1 , net h· Vint· bOC:'l prot_;ent,, Lrm::i.o Colli n::.. , ~1rJq .. • ,·;r.w Cf l lcd tc the cl;.o.ir ~ 1 1 cin<.l n. E. St n.nt on ~ .ii:sq. 1: t11?'.J)Oil1t;cd. oocr('i·t~'r:r * T'!~c rozolt-1.tic;m,; o- .forot1. by vrm. T .. Rei 1: 11 ·~;eq .. ,. e.t t he 1e.st moct inp·,, wero tJwn t aken u-1 i'o:...· con::}iae:i:•o.tion . Sn.i d rosolut::i.onr1 r:ore c.n fo l ,ows : PJ~80IiVE!D, 1 .. ~hrt '\\·O h"lr:h1z lt.!"J1::0VO of :·nD com·!():J.1.d tho (\c'.r,"lt1.w;d, of cnr foJlow ci ·i;L:<!n.r: 'ln Po;,yet1;c ant1 tN) o,i 1 (...""' ~, (,,,..n ... c.;;:.,'-t, \...7 .<r 4~y ttc C0'""'·t , .,1, .C. " -,-.,;<-•.>' ., .;..a.Jl .. ,,. ~-'1'" ·A"''"··nr.· -,..,.·.r,_..J:._/;;;J i.1J.i. ..., -f·"·o vJ! · . "bl 1· (',l.1.1 r. 4-1_ <}TI , . "<11.. of ·t;ho Ab ::il:i't :i. on nm•;s1,p_'t}or rocc;1t:t.y coi\d.u ctocL o.t Lo± inr:ton 11ndo,: t 1·e nn~J: ico:·; o:::: Ct,.sd:ao ··.• Cl~w , a:n~: b e t.1ri x1g t110 ri1·i s nor,m.~ of tl10 TRUE Af'iFJUC.AIT. The:t we also t::rirro·v o ()~;:: 1;110 roco1-11t; 1. GzlH 0..1'H1 u.C.drc;m ~,:;ubl d t t od by tho H,:ii . r,;;., ] \, r'l'D~rDLE1,1L, t:,.:ntl nnanim 1.rn.!y ndoptod 'by t hC< rnoctinp,; :in 1.,o:zi:nttcn cm tho 8th o:f. 1~1;.r._:n.ct ., c..n.{1. 9c,limc i ile r1i tl: thorn in tho or,ird.on tho1·ein o:;:y:·ror,sHd 1;11~,t no .Auoli ti. 11 :rs.per ought to ho tolo:tatoiJ. i11. Kon tuclcy;. t:m:. \70 1 ( ·(;ho e:tt; i r:cns ~,f ~.10.no:11 Cotn11;y , ) rlodco ,. .:, ·• 4• ""-O"'.L4'-' """ ,:,i.-(..N ,.,•,,nJl "!,,.,. °1·•,·t"'l .l•.J ,. ...u"""· -l<-}1 •.>"t t, ..,.. ..i.. '.- "..,_,' ,.,~..,., .,.,.,,,.,.,."",,)"· l,.;'\.•"/ t,:.., \1 .. Uu,f•. 0 ·t nor Ylill uo oncut1r uc:c en.• r,up··ort p:.r,.:y 11rcoo which now docs or chr~1 1 hcrof.:.i'-ter P.d.voc:,to the ome.noiy1rti . on o~: _..our Dl D,V CS 8!11:"J?\$' U3 , OX' in tm,Y 1.·,a.y f uvor O:r 011.GOiil'&f:O ·t ho cJ.ooi r;:nn o:f A1J o:t it i m1:tnrt1 .. 1 V1'ri".J., z. t,1 ........ , ,\..lJ. .... J...V·J l.-l. n.t th:i.e t:lr:w , to th1 c.r11oml 1:na" Cm.1c·b.tuti,,n , l.>eltoving , er; ·we l.io . i,hnt r•ucl. r-11. ovon1; wmtltl mt~o :r.:i."n.,(luce the 1-l gi ·t0t:i. .n of th,1 , nost i r.-r.t of oPw-rwipe,ti on ~ Thut 110 u1·c1 ttI>roco-li. , cnlli nf of r' Con·,cnr.ion i; ~, r,.:m1 tlisturb -tho ponc e nnil < ~1-10+· o:f oul~ (''i-r.i;:or..i.U .; 12:rn1 ov.r Scnrtor:J ri.nB -.Cj':,ronml"tnidvoa nt·o ho:cohy :l.nBt 1,1ct0d to (-1.ct in t he ent~,.:i.J.nr- mrns ion of i;'ho Logir:lo.tnre in a.ecordr.·nco with tho \7i l1 of 'tl1cir co:nut:J:tuonts e,a fJXp:roosoc1 :in thio rosolu-tion . Hon .. At't~.L 13erti;y t'tYm m1:n•1:lttocl tho J'oJ.J.oyJin.r :i:-onolntic,n:D , i.ihicl· ho of:fo:r.od ru,1 :). a-ul..H;titut;o for tho f01."0f'O:U1{:5 ! '.2 ;.;f\O J,V.ED., L. ~:hn t , no circ~-r,ott-.noot:1 she lrl })'P..:nic!:~nent :f0:1: o:ff011,JeB those ·the :lt.ws cen -ti nko :h1 r p;ove:rnmont of l cwr; , -r1.no.0r 1orco 1)(1 u.Hed to in:f lic t nl:tGt (1y co11mittnd . b 0,cctmc of cor-rnize.11eo , zm(l. af?o:rd iihe c.1"l-pror,:!.' if ·Lo re1:e d,v ~ 2 ., Th~•t it i r; only :In n:Ktrer .o cr-1:1eB ~ \;ho:n o. c r cr t &net :Lrropa:::r-.blc cnl.nmity tl!X'O tmm e coromnn:l.et y . nnci where the 1;-,,·m do not . fi'or<l 2n , d.c qu.::,,,te ronod.~l , tlw.t i'o:t.~ee �- 321 :fo;i.•cc r;.t M; ~(· be .rG~o:.'toa. lo. :."lU t}.en r:nl;:r '- c r,rovcnti1O :i;·er-ocly., Alli thrt , i:.1 tl 0 cppliouti ;Y~ of Emch force, tl.10 utmo0t ov ro n1H,ttlc1 ho tclr.0J1 to c1wrd a.go.inst thr· slichtcst n.nnecossni-;1 :injn1:y to c!.·0011 o:propo1~ty . 5 . 'j:h:...,t WO coni.d or tho })C,J)f.J!' ~ ~ llod the 11---: J ""l A J~RICAU . r-~r.1 hB.:vinf been con1"1:1m1cod i:-1 e ,.1.:.·onr· nri:r•it 1avnductcd. ,•:it} ::..~1cli:.::cro'it violcnoo 1 M :: ~;}1· i ~i.t wo.n 1 .7c..ntc ;nl,y offon:.=i vo to tl o eon. unity whoro it rms "());"int (Hl .. ~ 4 ~ Thl'\1; -r;n co·· :1.llor i;i 0 1"'oc_-..1.or..:i, Pt11.l.-1:itt<.1d to t;l"10 lXl:1.-iim." , l.>y t-. conmlitt;co o:t -tho J"1 cor,J.o- of L~::;::ington to r1ir,cD~it:1nttn h:.i.n rn mt' , \7Ul'~cnn-te1.l by the intorii.portto cm1 ::tm~lX 1.n:elru :r:1r-tor;y cJ..."'.r-tic·t01.• G~: h"' ·: roco·.rrf; :mv hoDs; ent1 thr:t hie ro"lY -i;o th" t r·or;ucr·t v1co c :.1coi•vod :l"tl a sririt o.i:' ,:,utre-e;o, whol ly m1j'<.1. ti::ieblo , i':l.ncl mc1"i t :lng the r::ovol'oct rC'1-r ·,:o1nrt:ll,n . 5.. r.11-at "!ihiG :ncoting reg: rd tJ:o ccnt'.inuod ru.blication of .:·n Aboliticn pupcr , :i.n ,iontuc1-:;v . o.s dr..:ngorou.o to the peaco , or<lor , and. vwll- boi ng of soc i cty ; P.nt , in order to nro-vcnt :i:-i:'ro _'ulur f.lOt ion i:n ·the :Cu.tu.re , 1.1c 1·0ccmrron.d tht~t; lv.wr:: bo pacso(1. inflie t:lnc; such !)On:c>ltif>:-3 ,t... o;-, incc:r.d.ir-.r.y• Ab')liti r ub lic::t i onc in our. ;;'.·tr·to &G r,]ir,.11 e:e:roct12nlly -orcvcnt their bcin,s- hcrcni'tc .. o ircul~.tod. 6 . That , i11 1;hc f,t i' c o·J.' i'ocli:n1~ r'hich norJ provoilt.s in Kon·iitrn!cy, pz·oduoed by t· (, lnto.:;n..:r(}.tc "'n· ir:ju.di(•:i.•:_"T!.C ~eel o f Abolitio its of other 'it ~ten . :lt .7c,,•~.(1. be •im-,"o:titic to C!.; it1 to ·: 1 o F.:ub;Joct o:f c~ llint~ n.Convcntj_on t o e. .c:nd tho Co11 01~·,tu.ti, n . i:~c , -t;J,or,··toro, :cconc~t our Sono.iior r.m-. :o-;-'l:rotrnntr1ti V<";C to o·,i, oso a crll of.' G. Con\•ention rd; :;~:c cn011.:i.nt r·ooc:i. 11 of tho J,ocinl at·rt-.:•o , 1 r·,)o~ c bo ohon..1.cl e. l>ill :;.'or tl!ot in~ rot-1ttccd . 'I. ~hz.t , l:r, the cro;r;r:± o:'inio··1 o.r thin mcot i nt:;, tho ~ort.1 · on.dition 0:1. 0'·'1!U1ci,"ntcu. f,lt vco c~n n{,t iJo i.n• ·o·vod , . 11:i.le tl c-y re:ua.in '.b~ro , mint.!.inr ,Ji_tl: o. sui.-vo TlOTUl f i;in:r1 ; c.nd th"t lJ;~,11~0 ~;h1.1.r· o?nr:nci 11atoc1 fillmt ~ontinno to :>e u uccrc.dcd 1·ooc , inj1t:i.>i .nn hliko to thcn.:iolveo o.nJ. the ulr.rve 110 -u.lf,J,i;ion, 0 c:·c , ·tL0_ oforo , oi' t~10 o:•,inic,n ·f;h::-~t tJ-c. 0O10:nii~:lnr· of' th)" en i;hc coa.oi; o:r L:1.lwl.'i c~ \7onld l>e erectly 'bo:nofj_ci al to them ~ r..md n i!Ocic1etl c,(b;cnt~-c-o to thin com.mm.i ty .. 8 . Tll· t wo h:l.f·hly tpJ)Y."0v0 t;'.ho 01,ntoi• ·l· tod eutnb1L-iunont , o:n the coi:t~Jt o·.: .,.,ibc·~~iu • o:f a colony oi' £roe :r or'J011D of (Wlor from tho St e.to ;,f' Kentucky, o.nt1. the.t }1 liboj_"'._ l en~ om·q;ci en-'; "ubt to be c.f'i'ordod h;f ou.r c:lt:U;em'."l to eo "ttSo:ful m'l rmd,Jrfa,1d:ng . 9 . Thct , ,,1-<;hou(h, i-:c :re o oy>141i o11 ~nnt it woaltl. not bo 11oli·t ic to • fi t::1 to the ::iub;Joci; of g1·,,clm:11 on.c .noipntion in thn· ~tei~c •.£ fool:inrr ,:r..icl: no-r, c~i~ts , e.rir;:inc ont of -tll0 o:.:tronely in.J1.1(l "i.cJ. ·,UB 0t:,urse of })Oliticr.l A1>0li tio11ir tc in o t1 1 or ?t ten t yoi. ;-;o confid.011tly hor,o thl:'.t t},o d: y \,il l C0!ll0 1:11011 Kcmtucky , l,y tho wJ.m CJ1ll <1oliiJm. . r:.tc c.cticm of ho:r m·;n cit :: ~·cnL . " t·,ill �.-, r'\c'} .... -t>t:.,L.., - vrill fl"'i1<1Ually l:?J.1<1 ont;i t'Ol;y .t·:t.., ~lo St~.to of :U.J.' b1f c:: ! mm.ln i on . unc' tJ-u· ~•r,1t ..,,.c u::.~ o.t polJtict~l ovil of- the f :i:·c, tc,)t m.ci_'ni t-u.dc . These rooolutio-n~~ r.or<:i ru.'J:1;ocr.:.toti. bric:fly but carncwtly by i"he ho:noro.ble rwvo1· , John A. 1IcC1nn:-·· , :...nC F . T~ Chomho:N1 , ~:sq .. , .,.nd ormo~,cd. hy 7:" ~ T. R(d.<.l ~ £1.Jq . r11i;jeh C,, Pbif1te:i:. Ecq. , i;llcm movr-6. to ru-1c:.1d. Ju.cl. ·o · "100.t;ty ' f, :ccooJ.nt'l..c.n, ,);- ctril-::tnf. out "·ho rlt:h u:n, :l.n::-:o;rt;'ii,P t1,n fc;llo•:;in:_· " r-n(t ,·n.,.o-!;c.incd hif.:i n.1:ion<lment vith a. :ec-r, rcrn.orko : 1msor.1mn: 1. That <"'!O ~ rOt:'fl.l'Cl g'l--a.<lu.~;.1 omar..Ci}1i:.t:lor.., c.cic1on .. ;-,.:.nioc1 w:U,J~ ,. olo:r1ize.tim1, : :1 tho t1~1w n:nc.1.. Ln ) t.:1.v, r,olj_cy o:e K~n~ucJ'"Y; r.in<":. ·::o con:fidor.t1y hope that tl ,n i; .l~r• D1£..Y cm:·.o Tihon ·i,h:ln r:;ron:b G~•ctio:n wil.t bo crr1;.;c :.,l:i .,hcd i:iy t 11 0 ·· oo)llc of this Ste.to . ~1ie di ·:cn:rn:doJ1 oi i to ;n·op:rioty . a.nr1 i.:hc tj_J:lo ·,:hem -tht.i.t tliscu!::Gi ·1. :i.ri i;o O011n011co , r ·c rr.atterc ·.;-;hich t3ho Lc.1. bu lcn:t cnt:i.1•01:7 to :int ·ii'l du::,1 ju0.GIT!on1, , 1m<1cr tho 1n·or,1·:t,tingo o:r- en onlicM;onotl re.b:·ioticm.. ~Thon "r,hat c:ti•.,r.m:;ni 11 U:00:.3 (;JJ;l1~i'JOC. i·~ nho tlrl i.,(: ft it-h:i.\d.J..y :p:.:otc<;ri;cd b;y- la 1. 2. ox-p:-:ccsin, · o-:.trElcl-. os, • :c ( j_i c.u ir odo:i:n Jlh(..J.:i t;ionin~, t'llu conc'.lo...n .:l.t n~ :fenntic::~1 O.J~d dnnc;o co1w , t m:. c: 1£.n..l ~ ·tocl ~.o 0.cJ.··y tl.o ncx•ic,d ;;; en , n.r St··tc ·\c.11 ho rcii ,cd i1'. r..1 ·t;J;a oviln ~11 c· Y'i -of . Thn.t, :i::n n:.r·;y ,,: th slavery .. ·I, h1..u· ~ Ho 1;1::i}, . Pccoofa1,J H. 'V,e.ll()r, EB( . , \'1hc :oov cd to omond ,Tu.d~c Be: tty t s roaol 1tirm•~ by ·:t:ciking ont ~ 3d. e~nd 4th rn,d :i.nscrtin• tho follnivme i t1h:i.ch he o.c":.voce.tot.. e:t, 0-rer t lcnci;h . RBSOLV'Jill , 1 . 1'h.?1; 't.i.1n 1; ono , tom11c r .• em1. 'tm1,Jcrmics ·fh~ sym... 't:-iihico , r:r:'in<d.· lent morr·lo , r.nu. mnmm·o o:r. tho TRuB _,U.fu:!:I C1UT :nern::1:pt'..Jor ~t, mr it 01M:~cni. i cl ,y o,n Abol:J."· j 'Y 111:in~· of tho no""li a. •n. ·cro1.u3 ohrro.ci;e:r ; 1 ,,:i.•t--~·· ,., ('( .......-.? t inJ. ~.,,,,.. o·" '1-J.· 0 ve, (;J·1d '·\ l1c•·~.. u ,_ t,.J, t<..c.r tri.d v (.. ..;.>• 1· \)'• ',.,u t.rlJ.\..• 110"'"' . c;.i,.!V' .,l. ·· ~:. "--., :,tr..i;o , r:mC:' e◊nthwto{1 by t. m::.n uttcr'y 1•cc:-:-.:<1:t.ooc o:·: tho in·f;ercs-te of. ·U10 c:01n.':n1.n:l.i'y ru.~c,·n:.-1.(! him - c.n i n conclie..1-y o:-:' ::'.. 11'..0.<'.rnt'>.:n t (logf '·o (,he V•Jico oi exroctnluticn. o.nd. ,·:• :r1.1Jnr; - ii; hr-.u , e,i; tiw tin.; of ito :..1r:p0rOf.;Gion , t;; 'bcco:rrm a g:•cr t ::·ml l~tnl""orcnrn JYUblic nn.iSt\llCO . 2. 11:1,~t ·t110 01'.'i['i~t. . r.w/ '-f'Ort ,. rnc1 11onroo o:f tJ,o T!'tW A1,;01·icon : • :i t~"J <,-ffj.co :fo:.•tii'icd w:l t1: ct·.nnc·n nn~ otl.or 01n..dly \·;o~ . po11u ; i-t·· mi.1:,ncri•rtion 1:1::::t lr1reo CJ:1i1 i.:ncroo.:;::;l.nr from Ahu111;ion patl'ow:,go of tho llorth ; its j_:n:.:1. r~to~:v ~-rpor.\10 :-:.ti.m11lr t:inr ,;d-':11 rcrr,ovcri11 cnorcy t 1 .o J)dhci<.mo o:? :,11 clc ssoc t-:.t'i6 co:t.o:tn : it.J o:ffoct u:-~on t,,c nlave -o. ul. t:i.on , c:zhioiiioC. 1)y inc:t.·cecin., in· .t1'JO~dinr-.tion i;.1 itm1:tJ.on . ~1..':iOtl'.mb , sccmh.1,~on at ni c;J·.t , ac.mun-nl ~.i; inc �- Z2i) ar.otua:nlr 'tine inc t &ncoo of uutro.eo n:nJ. c:r-i!ne , o:::q·,roes:l. on,:. ini;~;.tn~·t:i.nr 01ieocly dolivo1::1.l1oc fr,Jr:1 1J;:,ndr-go . oz th!·Ct tcninr G.cmonct;xati,,no r rmca. force ancl •p1•opr1 .. :r: tions fo1· •violonoe . ... all l'ointcd to C..Jlc1 portomlod in and f,,~rreoticn cm} 1.ilood.shod .., In viGW of facto such o..s these ., i n £1.1-11 o:dd;onco t,t tho time . rnc1 lrncomi:nc: moro 8-f.W!'t"VS,ted every hour , wo bcliovo tho concli,1.tion o:i: the c it i t;ons vms cn.. ii:icc.l :li1 irr.11:linont },,1bJ.ic cnt:i..roly beyon d of Lox:i.n p-ton t.c:n<1 tho f·11r::.:oia1t1:inr; c..::untr ;;,,the eJctiremo - ·thc,t; i-t wns o cvHo o:~ :peri l 01' cred; c.nil. ur0 cnt omorr,cimy the rcPc h .• crit1.'tr ol avid curo of tho ex i t:tt inf :foi·m~ e:no. nroeoos of l a.w ; a. c ase invo1v1nf7 tho hirhnst j,ntcrcst.s , the pea ce * cacttt'i ty.. cmd livoe; o:f tho enti re p opv.lo..t:i em, ;;,1.1.itc end ble,ok; o.:nd. , ~~s snch •. <1eme..11d:b:1t:: :imporiivusly tho exercise of t hose o:r.iginel m10. n1 time.:!;c 1~iglrto of ool:!? pr.oscrve..t i oi1:t oi' wh:tch no :-;oc~i~l compv.o·t or hu.mtm legiolnti r,.n oun ove1" di vost o:rr;y /l'.)oople • 3 ., That -::c n<Jrrdro ~mJ. a7)•·•:rcllfo t ho f orbeurc:nco • :f::ir11.noss 1 decorn.m 1 &.ntl or<le.r o:Z tho .,..·!'OCoed.ine/; t'iht eh resultoc1 in tho m:1:np1"'osrdon o:t ~;ha'f; :i.'n:rw.ticr l und incond::i.ur s )"fi.1.1)].i ce:tio:i:1 ; th,::'..t tho liboriiy of tnc p:roos i:n i ts p1.1.r:i:ty , ~Jc f,_.'ll::,r ant ee(1 bilv ou:r: f'u:ndrunontcl 1m1, has not been violr,ted hv.t thst 1-~s ~loe,-rent t!.b1.wc , fo.1.· which tho Constitu.tion hol d.rJ t110 author rosp onciblc , ho.s :simrilJI boon r0otra:inoc1 . ~ .Ai tcJ: thic th<:)1'.'e ,.,p ifhort htit qu:i.t.o an &..:n:i.mv.tea. diccu~mi.:m. in r olution to the r,hc l n mt,ttor , i:i1 which ,John A . IdcCltt.ng ,. P ,., T . C11rnnb0rs.1 lt. Wo.11or • r:.Jld W• T .. Reid t EoQ:rs,. • eml Eon,•. A 0c BOtci:Uty 2,ntl Col . ::rt1c01) At> Sleek l}C.l'..~ic J.11c.tod. . '.ilho uostion bolng c1~11ot1. :ro:i:.·. £>..nc: ll .. v:ullcr ' G rosolut:lo::ns bciJl.£; :?:1.rst ::i.n 0~~1c1• 1 they ncro i"o,jocted b~1 a vote of 19 ::for r.-:.na. !5,3 eeii:,irmt tbom. R., c. Ph:iBtn:t" ' o amen<lrnont \78S thon udoT,i,oO. t:litfl hut ~- :C'e u tl:issent:i.nf; v oioec. The quoeti on thon com:l!l{; U.!1 uJ?on .Tn.d.ge 13et:>.tt y 1 B ::m.hstitnte flO o.t:10:n(led, i ·t t7a.o ca,:,riod by a. vote oi: 65 for tmd. 49 a,e:v.:i.net it .. T'ho :r(·Solutions , as :pD,sscd, axe its fcllm~ : 110 RRSOLVJ.im : 1 . Thet , in c rovc:l"i.'J'":10nt o:( l t:ruJ ,. uwlor cj_:rciunsteuee.s shon1<1 :force ·oo twod to inflict pnnishmont :fo:c- of'fc:rmce nlroe<.ly cornm:i.t "tccl, bee-mum of' o.nu uf:fo:-cc1 tho e:ppro-pri.e.to rori.lt➔ dy . 2. Tlla't it is onl;y J:n cxtrmno e c.soo ,. \'1hex1 n. e;:i: ect m1d i :t>J.•opn.1·2.blo c almili t;r thr o: tons e, cormJm1i i,;y , encl '.'!hero tho lnvm d.o not si':ford. an u<.leq11.r.1-tc rom0dy • that theao the h::r; cnn ·t;~ke cog-.r1izance ,, :torco ouc;ht to i)o rcoo:rtod to ,. n.nci then only as a p1•ovent:i:v-o l"OI'lo<ly ~ Anll .,c;hr,'t • :in tho c.:pplj_cation of ouch i'o:rce . ·the ntr1ost care ohc:nld bo -tokon to gue;rcl. age.inct ·t1,o clj_chtorrt u.u:r10-:1son.ry inJo.ry to r eruon or :pi--o:oo:d;y . 3 . Th.:1.t . . -,o coneiCor t110 y,rpor , c, lloa.. tho :r.RUE �,..,. 324 - J\:1RRICAn., $..3 hr-7:i.nr,- bt.)011 cor::.nondod :ln :"..t VtrO:n[ (Fi~c:lt, comluoted wit1 incl:luc:rae't T:i olo:noo ~ 01<1 thr.t it 'il·a.o ·m:mt on cy offonci·vc to th:t cow.imi.n1:ity who".'O j_i.; rJ;::,..s ·nri:rrtod. 4 . Thnt \70 co-:--,oio.or t110 r5cp.le!::t ::mhr1:l. tt;od ~;o t1w Ecl:1.tor ,. by r 00;•1·, ittoo o::· tlio r eoplo of I,exin t on t to dinco:nt ·nue h:i.fJ l'cper , rm.r:r.entocl by tho into~"!'0i:ate e.ncl infl::>.Jmnatory chs.:rrietc :r of hi::; r0-oont nm::iiJ<::x~1 ; ~:md. t hat J):i.s i-:oplyt to iihat reVi1.est vn,1eti eo:noe:i.vccl i n a ap:l.r1-t of 0utrn;;·o 1.?J2011Jl v.n;Ju.st:1.fiablo ,. ...nd mer itil'..l(.. ._. the novo1·ost :r.·0p1·obe:Vi on. . 5 . Thut this mooti11, 1·et,Jm-d the <1< n':imiolt .,,r:.~, ... lice~ ic,n o:: r11. Jtbol:l.tir,n i1cr,cr-, i'n Ken ti.cky, r,,o dongc1·oua ::n tho poe,eo ~ ord.ez- , rm<1 \?011- boi:n.g of BOoiot y ; a:n(l, '.i.:n 0x·r..,_e:c to pr~r\ront irrogn.lar r:.wt io:n in ·the i"utriro . no :eoc nl!i. ona thot lcwo -:)o JH ssod in:fl:ictinr 1 cu.ch pono..ltiea upon 1.:nconclif.',r;f A;)olit:i.on ru.l)lice,ti0no in 01.1.r fltt'..tC 8:r.:1 Bh.1.J.l -0f£or.d.:1.1~.lly IYrove:nt thoi:r boin.ff hcroef.i,;o:r r>:ircuJ.e.te)cl .. 6., Th: -t , 'i:n :·1t0 Dtrd;c ofkolinc v; 1 ,ic11 n<Al 1,:irevt1iilc in .,,{eni;nclcy " Pl' Ou.11.CH3<1 bJ/ tho 1')0l:'PtO ,mrl in,jnd:lcionc: eeel of Abol:Jtic.nits r,f other ;;ltt:t<:rn , it r101.11<.1 'bo i:~~:--oJ.it :lc to v.'·itt,i;o tho r:rnb;joct 1);,v ca.llinr; a CG:n....,,.nt·i c.1~" to ~,~ "'11c·1 n,o r!v.Ol,,..~""-..tr..,_,\.>.,. <:01: -; ~-,:,1-: ·1 on. • ' ..c," f ,;.. hn•1· ·o~.1.·' ,y,~c J r oquent our Gn:ri..ato1· ~nt,. :Re:prcsontt.:>t i vcs to o:o:-·osc a cell of t~ C 1r,1ontion, n.t the t1m-:iu l i.nc- co,1s:ion of' -~·}1r) Legi BJ.ntu.re " nhon.10. a b:il :L :f.or tlmt 1mrpooc be i.nt1·0clu.ced . 1·. PJ;,,c:t,, :b.i the opi~ai(n of th:i.n mor)ti11g 1 tho mo:;~al eo-ncliti ,m of emcnc:i.Jmted. Dle:,rns c o~n :not bo i:·r1'.rl"o·votl, while thoy rcnm:in horc , mincl:J.11g \1ii;h a. sla.vo :1opul o:t.1on ; ima thnt :·levcn tlnuJ cm:.ncipntcd munt cont:i.nuo to 'h e n dogr e.ll.etl rae o ,, :i..n jv_rions c J.iJr.o to tl\en1riolvcn fma tlm clave ·0opu.'.1.uti on . We f:.~:0 . tho.~'O:i?o::co ., o:t t he opir1ion thr;.t tho col 01·1i!iing of thr•!"2 en tho coc.ot of Li b or iii wou'.J.(l 'bo r:-rc;-.tly bo:neiiciru. ·to thon:.~ ,~:na. D. docidod adve.llt;:.·.eo to thi o 0omnm:l'ty,. 8 ., Thr-i; we 11j p;hJ y ~?P:n.•ovo tho oontc· ,pl ttt ed estt1blj_cl"\llte:nt , o:n tho coast o:t J.dhor i e.. o:f D colony o:f. i'r ee ":Jcrsonr.1 of c ol or from the ~3t et e of '(nntncfi.cy ; anci that i• l:i.llorr.J. o:n~o11r.np,mon<f; ought ·to 'be t:i':forded b~.r our ci tir,onc t;o GO nocfu1 r•..n 11.nO.er.tH,ki ng:" 9 ,i The. t we :-c·cE,:nrt"J. gr.t1.u.t1.e.l eE1c..nci;pntio:n , e.ccoml)l\nied. \;it' coloni:r,r;~tio , O.B ~.he t :i:'U.<'J m1t1 only t:i:uc :r,ol j.cy oi' .Kont·i.rnky; o:nd wo conf'i<.lent:~r hope -'r,lm,1; tho tirn:9 mn:,;1 cc.<Jne who::n t'hin t::--..c,"'a.t i1yiy(;em vd:' l bo entohli,~ oy t:he JH)o111c ot this S·ta'li e. The dit.h1110i:;ion of '\ts 1n•opriet.y, encl the id:rn<Y uhon th.ct cliccu.Hsion i o 1;o cm:.r.1.-:1oncc 1 o.rc mr.t·tet'C r.1h:lch sho11l(t be lnft 01:rt:tro:ty t o 1.n(liva:ru:U ;judgment , m1flor tho ~):r..•o,•,1:·i~i ngc o:r nn onli fhi;onoa. 11:::it:tiotism. r1hon ~·hnt a:10cu.oo:i. n t1oes cor:1:innc o., :i:~ r;h u.l <l l)o fpit;h:[11ll;y· Ji:rotcctcd by laii. 10 .. Tht:.t ,. in 'th:HJ ox1,reso:b1f' ou.rool VOf3 , qe • <1:ls clcim r.11 f:1;ilrt1Jie:rbhy r,tth n odo:i:-n A1JoJ.ition:i::rni, a.nu umd.omn i t an fr..nf'i;J.c:-i.l e:w·.i. un1gorcus . -t'J.ld ee>lcule.to(1 to :lnto V \iJ ,._ 4\./. , ..\IL.,: tV i ..• - - • • ' l, V --V- . ~ - del ay �( - 325 tlelay t he pr' riod vhen ot1r St ate sha ll be relie ve d. fr om the ovi l c of s laYery . 'I.Thereup on t he me oting 8d j ourned . L . COLLi llst,chairmo:n . H. Ii. St ant on , Socrot :)ry . KtASOIT COUHTY RBSOLUTI OHS AGAIU . It s e ems f rom t he f oll owinr, r esoluti ons thrt tho s lav e - h ol ders thi nk i t a lmos t a r· onc c r se 11ith t hem. Tho frion da of omp,n c i :pp.ti on hru. t h o r ood sens e t o st ay away . FROI.' TEE MAYSVILLE EAGLE . :U-'lASOllT COU1T~~y 11J.!)ETING - C . 1.T . CLAY r S P.APER . l• cct: 01·<1-o.nce •wi th a notj_o o , s i rnod by four hundr ed ancl f ifty - s j_x c iti zen s of Mvson County , and nv_bl i shod in t ho I.!o.ysvi Jle Eagle , a mo.s s meetine of the pe ople oi the c ounty rmc helCt at t he Court Hou s e in Was hin ton on 17:onduy the lOtJ-, of Nov ember 1845 , t o cons i (1er tho ques tions growinr, out of thn recent action of tho citizens of Lcxinr"ton in the suppression of the TRUE .ANERI CAN , :publiohcd b~r Cas s i us Ii.I . Clay . The mooting was 011e of the l or e ost county ns s embla'1cs ever held in Uc.son , t he Court- Romm no t being eb! e t o cent s.in t hem, and vm s c e.llcd to order by David morri s , Es ql. , u p on whoso moti on the H n . h i.am Bea tty was a pp oi nted. Chairman , and R. l(. Stdton, Secret a r y . Henry Walle r , Esq .~ e d drcssed the meeting , cxp l aininc full y i ts ob j ec t , an d revi ewinf at l en gth the c ircmnst ['nc e s connected wi t, h tho e.cti on of the citizens at Lc•x inct on. He referred to the testimony adduced up on t he t ria l of' the pe rsons engaged in the r emoval of tho TRUE ALfilfiUC.AN office , rmd elucidat ed mos t cle arly , by en a rre.y of po1;10r f'ul ar gument , t he i mperative ne c essity by which t h ey wer e a ctua ted in t hei:c proceedings . Ho conclu ded by submitting the fo l l owinf resolutions : RSSOLVED. 1 . The.t , in a l an d of liberty an d l aiJ , v1h? s e ~ns t~t u.ti ons are b c se~ ?n t h ? p~pula r '.7 ~ -' 1 . 1 and con r rolled by tho rcrul c.r op1n:1on , it 1s es:poci a lly~ pr oper that t he s entiments of t h e r, oople u p on matter s of gr eat and novel interest shou l d b e ascertained ; and that i n as •· embl ing he re to - day to exp ress our op ini ons up on the proceodinf 3 ct Lexington of the 18th of Au gus t t we realize the resron s i blitieo we assume c.s citi~cns D.nd ment and are er avely s ensi ble of our du ti e s to ours elves , our c ount r y , and our k ind.. h a' when e ver cxisitng l a~s are c omp0tent t o vmrd n:r cnd ing danr e ..· f r oo t h e c i t i zens or t ho c ommuni t no mat;ni t u de of evi l vdll jus ti fy a departure from t he fo r ms of l r TT ; ana tJrn.t t he unde l e gs.ted J>ov,ers of s ociety s hould onl y b o exer ted i n emergenc i es bey_,911,J. the c on i zanf:!e of t ho l r,v;s - when thi::, e vil i s moro f e a rful than the rcmed:.v : 2....Y1d t.hm, al'l"lays fo:r �:prevention,. ncvor for p-..mi::fl:iT:101:rb .. ~5 ~ T.l1.td; C :?LC!J c.r e:d; o· (! F'- l t n rm: ~.l '({lfl~T n1·"i do ooc:u.r , ,:11lic11 tho lFr;:.; ::>. ·o :1.:i1ci 1·-re'ton t to Poot . c,.11d \;hic.r can on:1y 'be oncoante::cod i::md u. n·f,-' Ol lo(l .>;;r n. mt.,jo:stj.o mc-vornont of tho :p00;1c :i.n thoi1· ni 0 h-t ; c..ml tho:.::o c~'8o .! m:o i10t ho confo·;:i.:nclecl ·di;}( u1.nonl o:tly l,,ssombl·· vs an<l '"1Ci'iYl 9 \7h.:i.c:l O~.'i in··tc :1.n licont·.ious pcsc:i.on. <...n( ~:-01Ju.lt :i:;1 crtmo -9-- t :ho 0110 i L 110 norc ::. prc,1oa.ont: Sor the other , ·thrn i~ hm,d cd.,.10 in tiolfe d.e /,once c. -p _•o c e(~on t; :Cor mn:cder . 4. 1:h. c tho torn; u1<.1 tonaonc-lco . · 110 u~il-11:,;'J tJlj oo fi.nt1. p:,,;-:inci rt.es. o:C thn ~]'UE Af'-r,; :1CA'U 0i;m1r i i: ccocnt:l.rJ.l;f an Alrnlit:..:m :n•in1. ; e.n6. t he~v , nit""t.1 'l;c<l :i.n 1... hH hGt'!'G o:f. ~.,. r;ll·v(;: .... t ~ C; ~ .t::n..<1... ·~o~l 1..,1.1.<"; ,cd .. y ~- n::i.n 1tti;o1--ly r•Jc1:loc3 oi' t.ho intoroot; of t-11 q;;ron.nt'1 h:i.m - An incern.lim:y or H m[.id1.1· n, de P,:f to the vo:i c•c oi' cx['o::.,tu.1 tion ~-11<1. wrr:nli.1f - it h m1 , r.1.t t} time of ii; s zu:nprc~m~on , l)CC')•.c 1 c &l"'J'.'c,·t rni.bi t o xmioLnco ~ G,, T11Pt tho orir in, 0111')port , .. nu. oui·trn of tilm t pt:,por-; j,tr Jff:i.Qc :!?o":t;i'iclL ':!lth e •.11non e,:ncl ot11c:;.· ·r11:i.:·; i t;e petrow:Go l;, · tJw .Abt>11tio:ni• t s (;i t1io north; :i:to ecn, i.Eni.; :} 1' - l:..:m:m~.to1-; · <"'' (' lt. tc · ho p osi :ns of r.J.1 cll'-lo L~f., L w1 colo:"f; ; :J.tr.: e:f:i:octc u,Gn tho t;lt1.· c po-;~v.J...ot i o:n , 1i:ionifo~tt(l<l ~sy i11£-m'i.rnrcU.nr.:.:ti on :tn :r.. 1Ji1:i.on, :d.01rf;o~w 1.; nt1 r-.i· 1cd • ccombJ PbC>•1 ri:t n1-e-ht , incre:~einc ·Jr~ntt-11001;, i ) f v:i l cnco t.~'lt~ ·u:rrc,.:o, r.:cr.tr:n tc1 Cr-.cwins l',1., CJ.-t::.,y - t1 1 0L· dcJ.:t\ro:t•, ~ own th:r~oni; th::~t 11.:tll,Q_ r•l?S'.3CS:, nr;uJ_d. hn llJ1.".1J:1IG'm, rT ':l.o c'i.r~11 to t:T.zf:.13O".E) ~5 OP .A:-;.1, CTJ1,S~Es ~1 :for uhcn ho he.fl na'. crH'ico(l no nuw.Ln ·to 1.TJ.ly i;o i:tki.o nti.TTLB bct\·mon :i.i: 1 0 1;~ r,.-,1:.~ nlnro:ry 11 v:ith t}1ci:l.:r 11 -::.t:-r·onp- n ,~o r ·.-di fiOl"' h 1 • :riis ..,;ru.l...1.mv. 1 ~ , lvo,• 1''l to ..tJ, .j ;• F.c,,.. t nc r 9 If _.~ ·i C ..... ,... tJ l~•'f Cl. 1·r·-:e::--r-rn "i .Lt. .l ':'Ti"':;'- - -..> ..,_ .....·,·. •• •.... tho ;,o• rd ,..im.i. ti10 m:1ooti.1- r.::1d.nncd y;om~1.r on t h o lo ..1• .")..,~• cm ~ ot·{; or!um. n ~ all :po:intcd t o e.wJ .f)Ol'tomlo<l in:.::-;;.rreetion an( 1>·1 oou.nhod.. I-n \"i ,_, o::.: :::me f c-f;s . oxistint.. nt - tho t:i:mo nnci. l:i.oro o..r r;r ev· tc<l ovm:y honr . r:c ho1 i.ovo the concU.t:l. ~-.. of t1 1 , c:l ti .:ons of thnt goction o~ tho St, t•O \ID.;.; cri ~icf'l in tho o:.-t:comc: tlw.t it v:en o. ce:.,c of lm:;iinont . uf)1 i ~ pe;riJ. , o:f croat ~J1d u.1· c:nt crnor cnoy f cntiJ}Cl,y- bc;yo-1C. ;,1v~, .coc1c}1 , non: rol , or cu::.·c of tl10 .,. ormn nnc' - :r:oco:::s oi' l, ..-: ; '.i.~Y0'"0l7inr the :re::i.ce ~ oocu.rii;y • nnd livoo of t:i10 r.11010 rru:mtlniiicn . •.:bite r:nl 11D.ci ; e.nd co ~,nch d.ornLJlti_int 7 imr-o:rionoly i;he oxoi·ciao of ·t}1ost.3 orit inc.1 "':":l. ht n of t:eli- !)t'oco:-..,..\1<:ttion ? o:i. -.l ich no s,;:.wh 1 com1 eo·t o:~• hur.w:n logH.11o.1;ion 001 o7er ,...---c.ny · e O})le • a. iyoot J.1J1.c.:t t ·c ed.mi:i-.•o ~nc ayn 1·ove o_ t! c :... or')ov.r::1nco , fi.rmnoas , a.cc or1u:i. ~ · '.!Ht d ifx1 J. ty of the p :r.oceedinr:-n f or ',h,J r:m·np:i.·om::io:n oi' t;ht incrm{ti ary ··11 'blicati on ; t:tmt t'hc liber-L--y of tho r.-ross j_n its purity , ec gu: rtnteod by our i\mdamon t ri,.1 la·~·; , hf.'.s not boon v i ola:ted, but that itri fl~'-f.'l"G.l'lt r:Jn:i_no ; for wliich tho Con~t:i.t u ti vn l'o1(lE1 the, _$:1.tthor rOG!'On ibJ.e, 1UlfJ .o:ir ly been rest;:-o.i nod. 7 . Th0t • in ;;iml.:ls eo criticvl ,. KcntrnJlcy ovrne it t o 1 orsel ..: to :i:ocl i.rn to Abolitionito ol i;irhoz· St atEw , G. 1 and �nml their org1'l11S in. tl·i:::. , th··t o3 c :-needs no lnr:E'.one :frorr; r~·u."'h -:-c·?o r.1.ox-~1, trt rJiJ.l ::mb1?-it -'~o :nc,nc ; thrt t!ho nt•)Vcr c n t:1r-.:Coly COl::•.J.<le:r ~-1 o r·. '1.jcct o:? c .. nnc:lpt-tinn l'.nti;J.. the r:r.nton n.nf:. Ccnr;o:,.•rt o cr.iWdclo ·1 ·en her ri ht:.1 f1--,:·:. :?.O\'O: d uJ:n 1 1:i.aYc 1)Go11 ln: ·t01. ln.1c'i . ., t1ll'.t ,,. on that cu' ·:jnct cho -r:il.!.. :t~=i." -. o · rmr c.g:1 -t:a':;t r-.11 -'O1·0 i r11 ini.' e:rH•cc , rn1d. ~Jill ·,:incl ·i o.o.to hc:r.· riu:.- :•c~. ~ c;y ove::: he:c om1. tc:i.•ritorv, no rs tc control r:n,: <lie ·oro o:r ho:c FC:'urort:1 ~t ho:;.• C':,":1 f:iOVOl'Oif:11 J>lc::fA'..m.1.·o; c.:nC. tht ·t :t:f S}lC '3J\,:•:11'.1 , r:ll.'Ct,.f1;(:1' (•I· oo:;c ;, 0 0' ~r:nc:J.:.N:i.;O • S () ':::i.11 cJ.o zo 8-t ho::- m:n ti ::o , i:n hc-c o\·r.!1 r10,,y 1 :'.'.J:lt.l nron prjnci1~1cs \'lld.cJ-~ 110.:- c:m m1:fc-by , O:i:=!:1or1.".>:-1ce 1 o..nd ni})cl .;~ m::~/ 0.1,:n:tcvo . 8 . T11 t Ll <- ·~::i:!.t!:l l~a P<:. -~:- ....c·V cec of J1bcli t icni- !is 11~--v·o ·:dt,har-to only served. to j_njttro :in Kent ck.,, 1:ho Ci'!\.1."'C cf or:::'J1<d.:p"' tlo:n rt ,,.oJ.oni:mtiol,. to ..:r~::t;cr nml. eonfi,t-it1 n, S"r'i.1.•i t of JJ:ro- clrvory 1 n.:nu. to Ctmv:in<"o her c:it·-\ :·nm., t11c"c r·11ho 1.1ro -~;inr;s of · n onlifhtcncd _pat,::lot:i.nm" ·i:01.·1.>:i.o. fot· tho t1·n1:,ff•1'1, 1;hr1 O.f:":lt;Pt:i.cn oi' om .nci·, )nti 1·. ::n C~tY ;?o L , 1 1 :P ,. T,. Chun'be ::~ , l:!~O(l. 1 1;hm.1a;.·ot, o .. , " e::-·qil~i.i'i.Ccl ·,iocit:J.on u.t•,on the ancutiomJ onbr~~cocl i:r ·'.;ho ·t•o' Oll' ~- ·i nq 'J ,1-1 ·1 <· .; ,.,.,; ~ "llY "n'" 1· J ·1 < ",..,,.1·.-.., ..,,. · "c1 .., ,t#~ -:,hnr .\ f•f•h J1bo:.itiorlimn.. He d(Jtl'i)i;od th~ ·,::~·o:rr:i.ctJ of i:.·ivin CW' u.nn.·r-lii'ioc1 01r rtnn~l o:~ th0 Iic,..::Lnf·ton p .,:-:Jcocd:i.nr;c , but ·non.ld. :i.n1;cr:,w, o 1;.o obs-'l;u)lo to tho p~ 00a o of the ! ' CG,'.\httim"cu ~ :i.f tJlC meeting \:c1•0 :i.:~e:i. 5.l'\.(~to,l t;o ['~c1.ont the'."~ ., .. Thone 1·cnol1~i;i ,no i!Oro 1,l,en GUY'· or-tocl by F1•-..11cio ,,,,.. ..,~~,.. , l~•- •J~ ''"'C c"1...or• O.o T lL)"(~J,. ......,.~ "'01,..,., J) !!'r.,~•1"'·" 'J..\.."'/ ~ )W e t .l so-,,10 lone-th o:i::.c! rrr.ich drl 1 ity • ~ I f " uLich 'the <.!,v..o:::-rt;ion u;_1on thr rc8oluti )1F ·.:~n t•·'w11 t f'.n< 1• :1.~£.~u..J.-1.iod in t}10:i.::.• uncnt11wY:.D :~,"..opt1.un . Tho r .·oc<:w'a:inft' ·c-~ th '.lOC1;1l~c Yte ·c t11 c·,i, ~1 iro":ted to 1.10 u.hl:i.r:.1hoc1 :i.n ~1~Wl6 · ille J0i1.GLJ~ , -_.,itl t :roqt103t th:,t ~.hoy b(; ccr,:i.ot ·>_i·o t,, .f;hc:;: _.-; 1-,o_·s o::.: tl o !-itrto . T}'c noot i11[.; tlvm it" ;j onrnc<1 ~ AcJ.· m Uc~tt~; • Chc.irnm.n . 11 t1 .,,.. 1/.J,. J $, - ,.. - .__,.\,:,..L,,. i· ...l.~~ -.,.. t,;,i..J.l{J. f) • .U..L • '(. Vol.- ) (., \_ . . . ' .-Jl)\j,f. ..,.__ ~ . .:fl.l •V ~ • U I., - J_ ne C:.."J'i. :n :::·.~ '>ut · Lrn51"c: · he heroic , tt.o ! ;; of tl'.O lr: , C;i."S i;o ,j1.,.D'~J:Z; · i;I o <:r;·cr•t' rm. 0~ 11 lt•w; 1)y illcir:o..l ~·ivlcnco ! ·• v;i·: ~lr;-f: tl o ~ ju. , '.i. icn:tiG:i.1 of tho ::i1r,:r-~~or:;;_:j_c:n -:.i:r t;ho TRUE A. ,-r :1C/\1i;, ( v1ld.ch iW.C nrrvor s11J)1n·oos ed, ) nciild be :cidiculou::, 0 iJ'? it v1e1,•c not conte··1r' iblc . '.i:his 1)cc11-am of , o artionn o:f ri(l?t e.n;~ '.n:·onf ; o., [cti!'.)r:. r:.nC .i.ne..ct:ion, o:r. on1,m~:;.1>n:1,i.>.r1 f!:nd./ cnioroocl colon:l.~ ~t:Vn , of 1. ;rotc:iTt ;1"1t f cnol"al cov,a:t.·c ice , bnt : 1.;1• t;h,~ ofo ho:.:o oxtcn·t. nouJ.d b1J :pot;tori ty ncvo1~ ')o c1:> ·.d.i tcd. Tl:c, r. F . i 'f:'.r I f.'1.. hnu r,1f:\t1;7 .t·,:..!.ct:ivQB :1.n TJecon; but , l i ko tho b 1.'ribc:·tiG Tl Oi'i, n, the y rli.ltccl \7hon the:;,,. c::tmo :f co t:o :rrco n:lth. '<;}-m 11 frn~.tic 11 • �- 328 11 11 What c an ~ Alas ! not 2,.1 1 sot s, or sla ves , or CO'!Jards? tho blood of all the Heiwardstr . In less th2.n four years , however , in the s r::me From the Lexine;ton Daily At l a s . COU1TTY TuIEETING . A very large and respectabl e meeting of the of M2son County convened at the Cour t House j_n the in of a c al l s i c;ned by five hundred and twenty- three of the county , :previousl y published in the j)apers the city , to take into considerati on some questions c o •mected with the institutio:!L__Q_f_ slavery in Kentucky ·*I\ · On mo ·1011 of J ohn A. McClung , Esq .,' the Presiaerit appointed a committee of ten , compo s ed of the f ollowing gentlemen , to report resoluti ons l'or the c oDsio.eration of the meet i ng : J ohn A. McClling , F . T. Hord , A. J . Smedl ey, Cha r l es A. Marshall , Bene dict Kir k , J oseph Forman , Samuel Donelson , As a R. Runyon , Vlm . C. Holt on, and David Rice Bullock , Esqrs . During t he 1· otirement of the committee , the P:-: es i dent , at the request of the me eting , offered some remar ks in explana ti on and suppor t of the objects of t he meeting . At~ t he c lose of his r emarks the commitee reported the fol l owing res ol utions : ,~rnERAS , It has 'b een determined by the peopl e of Kentucky t ha t a Conventi on shill be c all ed for the purpose of revising and amenchng the present Constitut i on ; an d , v:h ere as , opini ons have been expre s s ed by a portion of our fe l low- citizens in a :public me eting , held in the city of Maysvil le in J anuary l ast , adverse to any system of Eme.ncipation v7hate-ver,, present or prospective , v1ith ot v1ith out Col onization ; and , Y.rhere a s , we deem i t ri ght and proper t hat a ful l and free expression of public opini on should be had upon a question so gr ave and moment ous in i t s bearine upon t h e future destiny of our country ; therefore RESOLVED . 1. Thct , in the opinion of this meeting , t he institution of Slavery is a l)Olitical and soc i al evil , for the exi s t ence of which in Kentucky , h ov7ever , the present gene rat ion ts not at all responsible . 2 . That , while we at t a ch no blame to the slave - hol der 1 as such , and have no sympa t hy with the fa.natic e.l fe el ing manifest ed by a portion of the North , we esteem �29 e: too, it: Ci.tr '.l:':i.f;ht ., Qt!.r :~:ntc::.~oG ·: , -~m1 . 1.;..~ C1.11t,;:t , to Vll'!"> ''1 ~· • ....,~,'l "(',.,.> ,., .,~.,. )1 ,",J· 1 ~-t..,, ·j1· .,,•ioo·, ,.. •... ,·' 'l -:, ', ..;J..'L..i ,... .. ... ..,L · 1 ne• -t· i(1 "' v j .. ·i _.'-,,.,~ l....!. .1.4- orn ,.;.1 _. • ..a.. ... i."8 ·tt-io·" rr'•1·,.1, n•~ 1,,~~r.i. · 1 ·1,' 1''"'"•i.f·All ·..,. .I> J.,,,.. • C' 1--ltJ t1 tf'- , ,.! \ ... 1.C...: _ .... . _ , . ,.1.J.J.,,.._t. J.\.•V - .... •..., ~-·· J.. V••t_;_-,;:, t ::::rw ~'):t.: i1 ,,-;Jr;_ch ~.l:c.11 bo rc r ;:,o:n::i. ln , cm;L i;i ::~:.t:iono.l .A.- # \.J..l.;J , , . ; _ _ _ ,.. n, .,J., ,,., e.:nt ;jmr'li to o\nw_·s ci' tlH t ~pccioo oJ:' ,··rt,rorty . 3 ~ Thnt , in ou:;;• o :inion , !! ;-r·..-~ual r;..1 ,· ,·· ··o•r1(-)C ... l;ivo i ystcm of }:tnc..uc:t: r'ti ,11 1 : C('O' ,'.Yd.C<l IJ;,7 Colonir:et:l.cn , chon.Jd. bo :::cJ <>t'-tod b;,·· 01.1!' Ste'.;o . 1::0 1'or.n.r.d cuch a. p-i.·e:joct O.! '•·rc·:;1crn. blc ., 1101i1.icr..l. , ,.:r~,1 1rm1e..:ne ; m1c1 on..:rm.:11:rtly <1.or.:i1·0 i;o .:mo :it r·.cco. :pl:lr-:hcd .. 1.1; . TL~:t y \'!idle -.;c o.cola::.·o t-1t1\iol-.;<.w in fp,vo·:c o:f ;C. J(' oe.:t•c :'..:ully do·. ::i.t:.d' lr~11 o:r.· r.'.r..1.:::i1oips.t ion, ,:ti ch 1u'0 c·.,·1,""l'J.• •- ,'h)<>l -·i•~ r.< \')""C ,,..,-!•ic•n '"'"""" ·1tto .. •,· v _-c.:,i.. t." ·•·-. t i ;-.. c..~v .J~- , ,,.o . "~A'-' ~... ..... l ..., opr108(Hl to e:'J:;;r r:,y-rrtom u:i :1 (.;1, r:f all not z-0,n.1.lt i n •t;ih) .,:in· 1 1·r·mov{".l of t::c blrc;: :i:eco :~·ro:-: .: intitwJcy .. D... TJrn t .. c coni;e.m lr tc nit r r on,JLL'C tJ e . _·oc<mt ,'-4 , ..,,... ~;;i _ (:,.r:oi:tin,t: m-1,, "::..10· l)!J{E"011f.l ~·0101l.d· o~e .:.:il)0l' i tt, n:1(. :lml111t:;o 1· !n"'.V 1•C }"''}1'" ..:..·11 ,.:~ ·i"'·" :il,,..,.. •. ../~-ls r.·i-- '..,...., ' 6 CO""'C r,•~ Uu,Jt,,: ""'1[],,= .i-,,.;., J.\ ,,v lJ ,_t; 1. JCv .,, v.i.. \.,. .L v.....-41.l \.,,..toJ,..I. .. . ~'Wl.,I J... V · 1')P-i'.er~ ...,c,· ",.., -,,,,-,,t-1c>'i."t:-<1}1(1 ,t, 1---,. mc••n("• ~ t ., .... ._... -,,, ~ vc•J.. (.J,,v ~~ v._ ~-v., t ,.~ t ~... _.l"J ...... ...,, w O:l .. 0 J,··1.1•-•-.1c1 J.._U.,r..~ - t•lC ,I, J- dt:fJ.'ua:tn g t11E1 blcBsiil!~O of ci·vilizt~tion end Cl:.ri~.::"Gio.:n- ity t1;.rour,;hout the Ai'rice.n Conti:nent. 6 ., We Cict:"~nctly r ..-.,oY: t\:. "'.; TIC ilec:ij_..o -'oo ,:;oo 80, .o eystm.11 of J:Ecncj-r Tiiion r:.CC!Jl -. r.:n.ind b.,r Colc.n:l.:-,:0.t i <:,;1 cng:i...:·i'tocl in ·Lhc 0on.3t:::~:1tior1 n.bou.l; to be i:~r ..~1otl.. ·c / i....1 o -n_..,.L n-'· •J_,,_ .., ' ()<"<>·1-f• ~"1 ·i -'· • u., n 4.. nt v .li;,_ 1,o•·To ... ~. ~ Q1" ...... ,. (..;.,V ~,vJ. vr de \..d ! lJ,.,.,..101• .. "'.! .... '· ( ~~ , U.•)Qjl thr-~; '!°'100.:::m ..·c . B,rl; \'W a.o <loom ii; indi81JC11DD,b:Lc ·to i21B.u:rt u·o,;n v:10 im;o:r.ti -11 of .. elnu~e i11 tho new Com;t:iti.tt•ion b. . 1:ich tho ·· oopl o HiJ.l 1)o n.llm·.:acl to vo ~e on i;h:-1t u-nl)joc t ~m11:·.1_• lio..ly , ,:h li .;\·01~ ~m u~t o.i: ho J1or;i:)1P,~-u.ro c~..r> ba r:.~a §od ;11 ioh ~·hc.11 ar:.th~iri:.c tho t1m,\O ; i..,,'lu -.;honovor c 1::n.,j O;,'ii,y of tho r•o0plo Lhal l .J,,. t., ) . .. clm··,.<l;y- mrm:i.:l?&Bt o. aor.d~~o :f.'o~c· E-r11mr.i,1x·~•tion, t 11ot ii,10 :h• \. il~l ii~m.n c:,:·nrro01~e{i ::f!-n:11 "/rH.:.-1·: to 0~1s::·rr· ftod into tho OorLti.t-..i.tlo , to 'bo tis offc(' tuul u.n if cri s ino.lly tnco:i:-tcd " 7., The-.', r:u '\:i11 ~- v "")Ql"t; J10 c, '71 idet;c :Zo:i.· the C n~. c,lt.:5.,,n ,:o ;·;:i.11 w:rf; • ledr:o him,·ol!. -to nap• ?:r.t the ~.~0>"'{°'!1'"0-:,11<' ~,~,·t~'lC ;J.,J •• ·- ~ !;.'l ..... ! ; ..l -~ ~-· . ... , • ,.--.~ ., 8 .. Th {. -thi: 1~ootil1 west (W:,:O.ir. :tly fli!j1l'OYO o:~ tht' lt"'U o .i: 1m.,.3 , {; . ! 'l 0nli1 crllcu. tho !Togi·o Lrx; ~ :_;.U,ri no c;.001 i i i ; :l~ ..po::i-_;t.,..:nt tJ1c t itc os:;,;m1tio..1 :i:ct:.i:;uJ:-co uho·; 1c1 ")O :•11co.cro:cc:fiod i :n tho Co:,rnttl.iriri.:i.1..,n c.'bout to lH) i:t•:.r.cd .. . o.. Tllt··~ tr•o hcr~ltJ1:i.\1J. c1··n.i.1io 1 t'ho c·::ubcrc.ni; t~oi l , : :nd th,: 11if)1. i;onr:c.i.·nto 1,·t:ttuc1o o:f ~~r:.ntr.ck:i; roint hor ou·t us .Jv·i;r ao~tin,)C:. c.hodo o::..· tl,c ~:1~(10 ,i.,,.i to r t::.oo.. Ho hv.rn::m -,,cv, r cc:,1 ::;:l•::o;~~. l1vc "n-r:m:o. r.u,rc h irocdom und 11.•cpperity . lio oc.rt hly cor.l"b.ilu,tion CG.n chain hor fo1:o·,or -to tho c _.. O'->.' fllo.·,or y ,_ T 10 1:o-t;t:,/ c 'lJCm· m.•o.l 1 olicy ,·1hicr: ut-;;·i ;:·cc to :eott<:r he.· riant cnc:..·c i on will soon 1w.nio11 bcfo ·:,o '.-ho ·,· ~·Of'"J.'Nm or o:' i n i on ; end the f 1•eo \"Lite :,~, co , who t r<i cloP-tiinoc1 to be lords o:e he:i:· noble s oi l, ,::ill soon F;ivo ho it thn.t clo,rted renk i n t11t:=J confotl crc.cy r:1~-.i <fl' lrnr 1m1;v.r ri.1 1-iosi t icn cou.Ul co1,ID1Dn<l. , ,"'JL ci' t.' :i.ch c.n nnfo!'~·u:a.::.to polii;ic:.:.1 inct i tut io:n h,,s doli.voroii he:t· .. 10. TJu1.t A Co:1mi -tt e o o:t Co:..·rosp1.>ntl.011eo b e 'l;J I RI>roi:ai,otl ,)~ tho Chr>i.:."' • ·;.~o ::;1,nll c•o::..·r•.:1fH'Cn•.:!. ·vith our f:d.o:nc1}.: tJn~ u 1_hr;ut. tl10 st .. i.c , D.:n(l r_,L"ll l hu-..o l)O'\.?or. to cr:.11 nnoJ.;hr r r-1ooti:nc; of cur f!'ioruln i-n tho cotmt y �( - 330 - Tho . [,ro1;·1;:ionB \':o:..·c e.c,.voco.ted h~; iTorrll A,, MeC J.1.t11g , E . C. Phictc:i:· t tmd F .. T .. :a.o:i'd , Eoqi~s . A:i:tm: whlch, 117 "' ·1 lo-1· H"'n~"T' "R"'a ..Po1 l.o•,:;r.() ,•Ln "'"'!" ''"1 •f>r, ..v,('•">• ·i l'\J'.\• _..cl t vu ..... ,.,. ":''f'-~'1'"'"r'l~r1 .... "'· ---t:, "{;}uJ resolutions gcrrnrt:J.:ty ~ fiur:l.nr: wlrtc11 he o::::for0tl tho fol ow:lng t.n ~: snbc-t:ii;i-1:co :I:o:i.· tho 6t:h r ooolu:tion , nnc p·u.sto.incd hio nmonfunent brio:P.l;sr, \# JC;;.~-. . ,4 .... \..J ~ ~ - ~ llf"V - . .. -\>~... - .......... 'J.. .,.. _ ,...... z:Ef.:OJ,V1:-1D , T'hoJ;, u.ndo1" P.1.l tho cirettraotnncoE.: at p:.:,:one1-r(:; f~"t1:r.roii.nd:-l.nf··· thii-; .o:.:1tio:r1 we aro 1_1. 1 eer1.inot tho trt -; o-~ -.{' .o •:?n1"'-Y>{,..J1~t•t •·) {... ..Jl. \. .u. .... o .u. .1~ '~ •1 ,J J. ❖•1j '·'· (,...,. V 1 C""f o-f" ong•\·•<'lJ>.1,i'o/l~,• L t.• ·•a..£,.;. it 11.:ro:n the Ue-v, Cons-ti-tut:ic,11; but we cto i:md.st uron ·tho i1~ 0:r·t i0:n of' c ol::::.ur:,o r-::rcnti1w: r ower to tho Lcr,d s~d~ ...r,"'l"\r '1,..,u.llf ...... , '·),.,.._.; t 1~1,···l· (H'' <"l.t• •·L('"V\ 1 ~~1,t.,... V , '<"'"~:..:."'II •t; ·hnc "!Uf'4.. ,~-t· ... . , !\'~,,Ji.,,., ...... uu.. liv , •'··o l.J ••H .... t 4t.i,:_ \JJ. .(._ 1Vl-__.,t,a. t0 tN, pc ·i l o for t'hc ;r <tocicon; ti;;nd. if;, trpo:n t\10 nu.cecos:ive po~-m.lcr•'.' voto.s 1 tho I'COplo doc?:l.de :i.n favm:• •~•i l>'- M i:,.... ~J..... t.?tv ~- I -,.l• .. "lJ ....... .... ''·Y\ \Jt ""'' "\Y• .,l,,. \.. ...... J . ·:,.L ~J.-... •I •· J.JJ, o:f EmeJJ.c:i.pi•tion , -thoWthc Oonot:ii;~1t }u1 to bo DC!' c-r6.inly nmonclc r.1 .. Thf1 ~,ron:d.oty of t:rir' Ol1Cntr1ont v,o.,c ed.Yocct ed by (}en. n .. Collird3 • f>J.1{!. op~osocl 1Jy Jclm A. 1>00Clun5 n..YJ.13 F, ,. c. Ph:i.tJt(;)t• ., J.r ~ t'a.ller thcr a1'~'.00t1 :from 11iD omondr•10nt tJ10 :,0·1·dr.i 11n.po11 1,wo nuccor:.\stvo populcr v-oton j,- H Bl,t ., i.l~--r.m rn1.,tio:n of J'.;}m. A ,, IS.cClu:ng, Esq. ~ tho t~()nd mont ·.7fJJJ ltd6. 'l•.pon ·bho -tc.bl~ . T.hEi u.,-1s·t;io:n co~r.i11p- m, moon the r i1o·~·r;icn of tho ror,olntionf;:l e.H re: orto<l~ i.;Jio Coz1mj_ttoo. at ·the s-J.r,-fOnt:Lon o:i:' C-01r ~ Ch}:Xt:bo1~n? c:o r1.1te1~0t1 t11,::i 3d ns i,o ntl<l t310 vro:dh; no-,.• :..·omo,.rcl :f::on i:;1w Bi;i:to 11 o:i::t cr Oolonir~o. i;:i. on, ti:n·i thoj- ,,,-01•-- cc.rr:1 ,,,d m11:>.JJ.iJ"101.1.cJ~1 .. The ProtdO.e:n-t; , in ~·u:r·ctl.::--u1c.0 o:C t;h(, 10"vh resoluti on, E',ppo:i.n-ttet'i --!;J:v:i fo llow:i:ut; genti.t.&mcn a. cornmittoe o:f Corre,~})ondoncrn : Jil.. T. llord. ? A,, Bortty, Dr ••rohn 1l""·"t ,.:1.,j")--1...1"':r.:'-'o•,.ri Jo 1 ·.., t: ,M,..•rllt•·n!'l' fl ,.- .J•• ''m,,i c .-,,."' l,).,..t.,.~-.,~l.-V.. -l• 'U., , ~.NJ .. ,\.:.. ...i,;..., t ... w❖1 vv f u~ . ~01 J)oncllison !J, i L, C. P:id.ste:r .- ancl Joun G-roo:n., T-~f:Hl:~~s ♦ 't_ .t.:r:to:r 1:;i iC"> it vmD 1°onol'. od t,1)rt tl 1e rn:oce0d1w B )~.J..).. .,,_ . t-: 2f v;.J.. , ll_'.,. .... o1: the 1nect in0 be) ·ub linho(1 in th~ ric.pez·r'.l of the c 1ty , r:nd thr:.t the: }18.JJO!'D ·throu.g}H.nrt the St2.tc bo 1·eqnootod. i.:o copy tlw ceJ::'le .. \ Tnu.n it 00cr·r .1i.;hr1~ P£,:ltr:t.1or. d i cl not set ·back v1oro ~:or, ov,ri:n: · in my lee.<l :l.n 184~ ; :rm.' by r:ry lotter bolot7 . e·1·..,o,1 ) i11 lfM-8,..ir 'lihe ?runlr.:i:'ort Convontlori t70.3 cn.11o·d.• ~l.11,.c Loit:1. v i lle J·1:A;Hn.f:H :!_):t inted tl10 :f.ollO\,illf :i.n :i~,o l ust n11.mbo:c !fio:1.• 1848 i �( - 331 We ask attonl:j o.- to the :followin. · J.otto1' frc ·· ou.r rcs3-;cc tcd 0,:,,10 -rH.:r m- h"'t'rtoa. fri ornl , C . n. Cl ny , Rsq . t :imo i n rc.:pi{ll y : .J. :i.d.inr:: h;y·. A few months onl y wi J 1 ri~os bof.oro \Ve slH::·.11 be c r.lled. to choor30· dolegat os . Cor-::0 , fri ends , ~.r o"Lrn0 ;rou2~ r:rnlvou . Not a tl:,.y in to be loot. Y.!c d.oubt :not thn.t 'tho cn.u.so of Emm1cipution is o.e,: r to [;ho h oa.r1;s o'f' i:.1 v~st mc.jori ty of our f e1low- c:l. tir.(ms . Lot us sp:~.ro no pt:~ins , lcavo n o rigl')t rn1d h o:1oro.l)lo o:ffo :rt u.ntriod to secure in tho Conv~cmtion o. fair arnl full represEmt;a tion of tho vlill of t1•a 1··oople : :L1hc WHI TE IIALL , K_y ., December ,25 , 1848~ :n:cli to:cs o:? the :SXf'i.mino:t- GI:1N'rLET,1EN : - I h2vo been wr-:i tJn for cor;;o t ir110 for r· c: ·11 oi e Convent i on of the Is:ie:n<Lr- of Em.m1cip at i on , r-rovi oun t o the coP1i11f ce,nvass o:f this gree t questi un beforo f.;ho pt~ople . f/i t11 <'Llf:riclonce , hi cloaf&uJ:t of t e el:.iaa, -f- Bt'l.'.k:eot h.or·e , I m:•.kc r, fow :·m gcst:t. o:ns fo:r· ym; r eonoidornticm t Se,y th~t e. mc etine; bike 1110,co as r-;;co:u ns 1n·1:·cti.ca'blc in LouJDvi _lc . because it ic t1ccoesiblo to t,.l J. pD.rts o:L' i;hat St;:,_-to ; tlmt ::•11 ·no1~so11s fricncll:v to tho c nlHle of liberty be members . Let the Cow1 ent i on Bi.t wi-th ope n or c1 osoo. a.oors , a:J may be determined on ·the gr01ma. . Such .'J. r.1eeting seems doeiral)le for tho fol l owinr, , arnon:_: many o·l;her . :reas ons : 1 . To grd.n tho powor vf'. :.Lcl1 ov·or ensn/ os f r om ore8,ni :;:at ion . 2 . ,ro €\.~)point }~ "lirocs111·er , ~.ml eor:;mi ttee:s of :finance nnC:i c:or1·0spondo:nc c .. 3 . ~!o u.i:3:;rict the 8t t:.t e , i:-ml ;:.11ot co1:1r,ntcnt dobD crs to ecch c ount y , thct ever y neighborhooct m,,y be c cnvesse<l . 4 . 3y concert to ta.~e curo tlH'.t in mi:nc1·ity countios tho vote :m:mti shou1d not; be loGt . Yonr· ic1on of nvoj_ci.inr, "the <lj_~3c,>1umi on of plans of li':m: n c i:r>o.tion i c foun decl on r,oo ct oonuc . Dy t 1planG 11 we exp:rc::rn ourBelves needlessly t o the f i r e of tho ononw . t'mt1. the 11 o:ooss - fire 11 of friond:::l . 11 i1 J1ercvo:r t bor o in n wi ll , t ho1·0 is a wey . Tr I t h, :now :i.or Ken t1-;.cky , ;:io emin entl y f':L.'ted by n a tu.ro , to determine Hhcthor sho wiJ. 1 sink :Cor(fvc:;:- lower aml lowel' <lo\'m, by the s i de of South Oar ol :lna e.ncJ. Ark~:nsns , i nto docay . tmpotency , N1c.l barln1ri sm ; or whether she t'iil l esc cmcl in-to tho glor hn1.D s i s tc:r--hood o:I: such ~3t~•tN., ~.a Ohi o , ;:i.r-2}30.chusctt s , fmd New York . Wh i lt !; wo nrgo ov0r;,,r :tooson i11 ::i~rivor of lJborty toward tho dovel0yimen t of ou.:r. p hy:.1 icnl , r:10rul , mi<.1 i nte l lectual well- bc:i:ng , J.ot 1.tB not by cowardice be dri von from our true vnd si1.:fest grounds - to lillcrete our ,:_iJ.aves bec v..uso it is RIGHT . Tho �'1:ho .:,·,1:i~c:i:li of tho "L'C"\Joln.tio i!:!'.':i.:n nd;ivns in:::-.. iroc 1r1 o:,· r,:1:,:.-tJ in Ghrioi;:J.o.n:tty Hutd;n:i.11::1 u~~ - the re-pi.i:, •c:ions of t::1c f vOd ~nc r:-1·00.t o:f ell 1 nus e:cc f01· u.--: - C(i:nrMdonco n.rlhclcl:; nz - God i s c11 our o:i. c:to . J,. t nD tfo n :i.?i:i,:i.t)h the nork 1,711ie11 on:1.• fa'hhe1:n hm·c J.oft 11.G - Gt .croC. --: ,;.:3. j_::nr:lol~-~;c - to r..m.~.. cntu:ie :.. whe:Levor m:.;.;rc 01 1 1· Y0n.:r obc(liont corva.:."lt , c;:,untl'Y :Croo .. c. 1. c~. wh:tch it; .:i11 110 soo:n I ,:as not tle:ncunceu , ;;~lcro !":"!: ooc a violent r 0111:1:i.ct of o· intc:,:n :in Irinnon ,, fv/3 a ~s.tto1.. o:r r. of bcinf~ ny ZolJ.or,·c - □ , r.;ntl no botte:r t1 12lv.cca us 1ron 'the .come gr(··..·.11d . at nhi tc h-::ic.t . Y i.tr..1.; Thin ne.tu::.·c.1:i ;1 ;:,o , uhen , :i.:n 1849 , I ?.cid , oon o:r ,Tnclr;e Pcicl , ,;rho fi{;ilrod Pr Dbytcr-iv.n r:ini ~ter e.s \"mrmly clecla1.·e<1. th...,t I t,es but excrciojns o. ccnstitnt1.o:nr l rif ht ., emu. oho ·l d bo h0.crd .. Th0rem on HoitL krnc;-:ot1 t;Lc miniGtcr (lorm . cc-.~,., to tho / \G_fill ment scomccl to lmvc cn.p nc:t-ty.. .:l o~~ l"'.2~:f ,n•i ty ny n:: r_, J:ioin~oon- But ,, nhen I !t a hm.1.r;o f:i_J.l(~d to I ,. too , ,:c~t: c:::c:ltcd.; hocmuJc. 0:1. r a olnt:i.0118 h~rc r-.s::ieu s:;ainst; me , I tllin1t I ma<2.o the~.-o t;110 tho Libo ~cJ.G ~ i;J-:,_ .•; · i"'i;13 g:•.:oa.tcst; .ornnr nu, bocn.uco o:f RcHP c bost spee,ch o-J: ray CS:':il>ai e;n . I aaw the :2'orc0 o:r rmimnl rnO{:n.cotiomt an.cl litore.11,r m1cyod tho ~uclienco 'b;,.r gcr:t;u.rcc > e.n tho 61110.;s of th? ooet..m aro moved 1)y- tho ,.-;- indo . I t .,-;c.o 0- gref>,t tritunph.. i:inrod to rof.F;ont1 iP virnlio::1.tion of the ~ no mn.n .,vcm- Sl:;:vo - Pcmm:·. Thut ✓ �( l".•fJ4t2 - .:>·~.,;v - 4•111·•»~•1·1,r~. t.1 .. , .. -I.!,,. . . .-.. :• t,.. +.-i.o l·'{t·:o ..)- 1)., ... o, -...,J,.,. ..L "t'l'>)t.• ~••.c..r,.!'•e•1 -\ c...~.._v vt, >!<.-•- V .,._L. "' '·· u t... !L,11.1.\.Jc., r.17 J.~ c;..,,.~ ..... ',-1~-, ••J.&t.: r.-• .,r.,, ,;,r ,1v 1-1•:o ··r-it-,., 1,--j,, ·U•:. ,..1,. .i..JI "'Q(•fl'A J. , f ~I 1-. _ .4.J. ,., vl:.<Wt!(-• ...... .., ,. Brooksvill o . t1w county tovm of J3rt.cJ-::e:n .. A11 over eauoc ,, ncv01· ·1rcni.;-u.re-d to nont r·.o ~n n.e1n,:i;c .. :i3t1.t: tnnny ·Ol!IO ;;;-0ttn5 l .:w;y{n·r.:1 , ccei:ne- },ow ~1:loun I w2~G ; -t}1uu6 ht it a fine ✓ tho di13co1u.•tooy offc:r.•cd ;:, sti"m:1(_I;;;n: b;r ·tho u:uu.sual v.t-t::-~ckc () uh1ch ', ere r.10xo -..1:r1on me , .And i;l:. o oltlo:r 1(,v,yors -rroro r:r::ti:ried t o seo the ov,0rt'i ror:, o-.? irirort-:l.ne:nt ri· nls . So �( wn~ -· ":'rOUJ'W ., ,·\ I;, .. Itc=.J?t3J:.:._il) ' of 13:rr.-~kcn. ~Lr~;--;~~ t1i? If :.~!O. hti had lOHf' V!~' o;/ no me·_...,n ~.; .... (..~ boon tho "Booon of' vil "i e \.'1th the J),Jno·nJw:rm :.;;ml ot1:m.· :Z,.:ionlls , 'i.: :ii i;h "-·V .,_ .,,,J,, .l.t\...,,.v tho the r e �( - 335 ... ,n.rr,h::,11 w o ::l c 11 _1 io.n.tc f ,_. .} trm · ,'hir.:; :Part y , then in ~;h0. '.'ccomlc:;.1t t: :::c~:n on.ti on of ~~n t110 <!O-::mty , it l mmchcrl out i:n dcmmcir.i;:lo:n o;: the Aboltt:...oni ts; (:Foo F.nd IT'.,:,..ny o:r h:1.z fr°l(''Y1<h1 v:o,:o :pr.oscnt. ) o..: t'.il"l Ho1·th, ~-..m1. h.:lm into 'tho k itchen , ~nd net· tea. l!.im 0.t th~ tt'l)le Y:ith t he '':tlif,f0:Y.'C, 11 "Yon" no~toO. at ·t r>hl-c: :-r:_ i:h,· 'brr-jt :::oo!!r , w:i:i;h t110 1)0::.it } co~J.o ; but , from r,het I I.:1'0~·: o.: ·:;he i°T'.' J.' flh.""11 ft' mi lyf p1·cp ret1. ':o bol:i.{,VO th t :I t:r,1 fu11y t th· ·cnt1cme:n 8j)Cf~kc t1--~1ly rrhon t he "lTiggc;i.•c. n Thir.: struck Mo.rt~h::ill a~, n cle.p oi' h ·nuc:r . ['G he :fond �( 'fo1mi.1 'l wen 11.ot r ::nt__p:.:1m-1t ;, :'11<!. tntcnG.ed. nc~U;}1~r to n.ok nor ;-ive {_:.-ns.rtcr . As :t t ook !'!'Q.' ---~---~- ''That • s- 11ll.. s i ao-111 ----~. ...... (~cI1t $ 1..:hc ';-/hol e an.0 i<Ytwo �!'O'.l'.'::.rnn to rnprn:,ont .:m:,l cons·t·1.tu.cncy , Whir:; or De ou1"a·t; ; •'J.'rl(.lit,.,f'-- :tor J: :,.:: 1 i;old tlv1 t in h:u:·n::Tb~ you ,/•.,~ n. b:r.•cr.<1cloth "•' "'O""" ·1!--1"'· c, t , .V 1 .... .,-•11c·n "T'''" v; • . . •' "' ,.. /1H',, , v.·· ,'JI ,;, ,11_._,,,_ __,,.._. <;• .. u 1 ·.~"~ 4--,.\r .,.., - ,'l ,"',·TOU. • ,,,·_i. '._-,'.,1 ""'.•-'• ,:J"'r...·1·.1r,· ,.,,Ott·tv~ , " ,, _ lJ I ht.d . rv.:t:nca. h:im. " I t . . .,-~.L "·1·1 "1~-' /., r-·on ,-1,.,..,...,+ .... ,,,, .. , -,, ,1 l.r.1.. L. ·1•'\,:(•"' ~,,,,.,...._;,·(H ,t...J'..1 _, ., "·-'" -; ~vt~.-'-A hy C-.1.ncin:nnti ~ Ohio , thnt I might 1h1bJiSr' :~no-t;l;or ti·t:•.ct o \I 0...1,. on t;ho i::rn.b;jecrii of 1J. ... ...;J.t 41 -..,. ~no.very. ~ t.:;ll.J. v i:-~t.,.,, TJ,:i.e- (iono ,. I sd;pr·t c !'.l :for Bo:r.ee , 7-Q/. I cp:r,i'E:to E:i.chnond 1w nt.o.i~7C • At thtr; time , 1862, thore \:en n €i .hci~ rr>.ilro"·a. nor tu.:rn1:iikc., to Berea . Carrio,go 1 conJ.cl not; ol:rt a in f. -rhn most l crnnJ ~ {3'et \'/US e, oin;.. 1:orrrn;. "'.:a,'1 t}1~.1t ~nly e..? I \"10t1ld -prom:i.sc :not to tr-kc it 1n'l;o 'tn(~ :co-'ol l111cH.1 ; for· 1.· e1)ort \70.G i:;hct ouch ~•:(n:o ·then between •~:lchrl:Ond end. Berea~ I nmlo ~ c 1 ro, ·i .se , ~;ook my :Jen , t.11en olcve:n yeo..:t·B ol t , o..nil un ) he.. i•orco ,.,.e ~tr rtod f01~ :Borczt ;e �( ( I - 3ti6 - 3c1--oc.,. A1)out ns.l :i:.' cf tho '.lfJ.Y ho• :10 , nc:\r. t c K'i.nf,~3t on , t;o met Uniu11 · ·orcoL, l'Ot:r.•(n,1;ing bci'or'J Co::,fedm~~to :f.01.·coH ·:;J10n :i,rv~ {i.:i.t:r~· the n1; to . I -.•ct1L1."nctl to P:.i.chm, ..1t".. ,, ..:·e:Jl.i.. ·o-:c 16. t~p i:r,y ho1·oe ,, ond ue,iteti. t1,o clu:t'm o:r m:10 i:h~ · day . Ee..!'l;y t11·l-i. mo:::-ninr r.. onp-:-J.f;omo·:1t cr..r.;o c.:i:f bntueo:i:t tlie 0ni, n r->1:.:l. ''Jo,1 ,1d.orl"l:l~c forcer:; . I o1rL j3,otl crn t.l·.er 11or~:o 1 . ml ,·mnL to t}H~ t~t:.iono o-f c:.:mfliCJG. T) :10 it rJt:.[' 0. G:"(l fdght .. Tho Un'011 fo·rccc. •·,c·:•o r::t"1n11,, rn1ci. h"dly m: ·1~ ··cu .. noon tJioy vioro 01!.t:fJ.1.nJl.'.od en uot', !..lido:::: . Ovci· -Y.l01'(.Hl u:n<l c-,,:ii;:iJ1t1.c.11y d.ccir::n.tod , the:-; TIC,1.'0 co! .o11ucJ. to rot:r.oo.t ae1;,.:i..J1 o:nu nf:O.in . n:-a~~ cvont 1<10 'the Ct\t1fccl.01·ate :·o.,:cer: \:o~·o fn~ :t; ·. ,1,~:,;·(JUJ'lO.illf --~ic: ncna. .. I ::·<.,:LJ. btt<,k ·,7 . .,(j' • -t;j10 Un:lo:n fore cc 'Le tlw ;,:m1tt-;.e·:::y '~:i.'I<. ur ; w1c1 f:eom -;;}wnee to :Goxinc-tou, 13y c-:cninf of the :ne:d; oD.y tho Union -f o:~•m)o a.oc:i.<.lou. ii o v,~cr-.te 7-('~in~ton. 11 Thvsc c:.:.. ·nr; -.:1 o \ve~·o net :l:n T:d.litoo.· ~- :U.non hu<.1 0 ~w. t o c.e.1·0 :Zor (.)'IT['C1YOG (Lf.; hct;t r O CGUJ d ., 't.1 i•th ,,;y so:n f'.J'.ld. "t;-1 10 t.riod. f.1::tcnd~ 1 mt'C..~. rt<;y ·ro:y a<•r.osE, tho c:cu::-1tr :; to BrPc'lr.un County , :t11 i;hc ~ rd.er or 1~1 o .:ito.te I> Tho1•0, 10... . inr:: my son r,i tJ1 11:lc rr, nrl - 1,r.rm1t:.1 , J orn'.it:to -~1v'11ste. o:'1 tho Rmrt,i.cky o:i.~~c o.:? tho Ohio ?ivnr. , intoruJ.1n ~ to tr.Jw Jfto·-..::t i·or Cincin:nnti ; .~:nc"' 1 i i' posoi1>10 , b, .L'[iL1·or6. e.::11' w· ·t:'f;O , r;ct to my \·.::b.c and thn o·!.hor chL!.f1:cn tl on c/.; 1eroe.., nwJ1i~1;~t we:it511r~ ~1:c_·c J.:o · a 1 c::q1cctocl hOt"t ., nom: 10 o t cloc·-: ut n'.i.ght i 1. ',i(tn f'Obbloc1. m1 l>i; an.othc::c ;·1ol1 :i.:n At pu~t;e 1 t,._,Jrcn to i.i .:: o::.:!:':i.<:o of Dr. 1Jooh 1 :Br_1(1f.o.~·ti. , c. ::-:cl~'.-i'II h;v b l ood , tJ.ncl a foi·:nor S(~hoolmn.'!;o " ~£0 --:i.·o:-\;•"':1o i1. t t ·10 Uni(m !1(;."..:n. v.no. r:c.c 1 lJon 1 rd;tc •ri1cinr- to rr.d.oc o 'Unj.:1n :i:·ncimtmt .. In P"() on··•:i or~ml room, .~iv ·..;l·~;'l.-, o(;l1c'.l..· r:r,hoc:.:·•-r1.:n 0~,•J · ·11 1 )!11;1, ho d.01?10,11d.ocl of 1~10 the r.tcd.ge th:· t I no·:: lov:ro t1H.:: cc1.m-'cy ID,'{ :nnt:lvo cou.:nt;-r - g:nd n<rvo ...· ro·turn . ffif c01,_'!'.'f.\e 1 l uoc:Li.'!'led ~,::o.y mt i Jou. c . 1:io, \7:i:th oc>110 o-i.J·,ors , 1·ot:i.rctl fi'>'.t' c o:nr-~ul-t[].t;i ,xi . Boo-h, ha J'crl;u1:ncd , sc..yin; : -~ous ·~·he r'.i:rer 1 ( tl'c Ohi o R:i.vt1r ) , ' c.:n6 , i..l. ;ye 1·ctur:1! u::.:i.(1 ,m . ' I v.r:111 ht ng you ;- i i ~ i t :5. t~ t.' lN1't !'Ct of m-, life .. ' I 11 Wo hc:v e <1r:l'::Ui.e{!. to n:l; .-m, ::•[> l"Opli od : • no n'1•.t::t yu <~vnc<):i.vo to be yc-u.r i•.:1. :ty . I w:i.J.J. t1:y to- (}0 , ino . . ' 1 1"~p ,.! ,c,-,,f .,;:wL-- -rc;uL - o \.,r~c. 'l,." .• . ..., '.,.. .# +,,{) ·.,., , " c·1,·, .,.,, ,J.._,. 1n. , r-..:..,, •)· "'J... ...' 'i ..1< ".Y!. r-d \·1 }1il ..... \.>.t..,· i"' . .. ·p::_•01.d .., us crov, ·(:. ..:o:J.louod . 1 \--:'~J~ t;hvr: t ..ken to tho ;..:l"v01' ~ 'h, 6. lad ini. o a :fl~d; . Some of the c;i.~on<.1 c.tteur ·l;oe. ·lio J;t:!:.' OStJ into the: hoc.t ; b11t , be:i.1-ie r efn..soo. b:') thooe \·,ho h a. ·i;hc: 1)0('t. :in t--v t'P:}, Jvhn 1,.1. dor of t1 o erom.l , ....:, he 1_;~1:..·110C. 1 o 1 for Oti,,t·t· · o tD ; r;· i d. : ' i''c -r,iLL v.·h:lp h :i..rn 11ko h - 1 . 1 11 1 we.n 1u~; r..1.'COG , .. ~ ·:ivc!: .. Tho 1,•,. hols wo10 nt 1;hif'. tiz;m c1·cssint::" bclo · m (l. hchind . Roon I -r:o.a lrn:1c~od on t1•c 01) otli to ~f oro . I Yrn,lko(\ Htcwd.i l~ up t'.t10 b~.:ril~; o.rnl , ~ corn- i'iol d hoJnr- 'hofoi.~e mo ru,d n e er by , I J.or:..pcd tho :.Ccncc • und corJ ·1ct0Jy c lut1ocl my 1m1"1uors . I ·nr st:oii. t, hrcn. + i;hc f.i cld. , t·.ml e.r:ccnd od t he hill fro:n ·tho rivor vhlJ cy • PJ: on: my ol0vo.t c d }.)OS:i.tion 1 c~u1cl coo r;;,, :n.1.:c::>nc:i:-0 po.::.1sl111g up and clm·m ooarchi11f f 01· mo . I !]OS.' thc!I!. nbt.,.:nuon ·tl:.o :ru.:r.nnit • cmO. <'1,0t:m tl C ri'VOX • "Ac I out en the b:~•Oi7 of :;hr t J::111 1:.y cr,;:,tionD 1 ,7erc �( - 339 WC!'C min .l0d • :nt ,'! j_c:_ ! 1 God in cood. ; A· I looked .rom1~ LI suiC : I l o oked 1J.1') ma, only is Ylic . r All n: tu.co io loycl y . ' It ·::c r -t11Cii o.__ 1' l~r ;~e~...,tc-nbor - t he a.ir v,as :..oft . tLo zky rmc cle ar , end tlH Loon in hc1" g1·c~1.t beaut y eh0no clmo· · . i th the ·brillio.ncy ot tho noon- tl, y c1.u1. 1;:thc riii.lo - G1n•0r,a_j_ns corn:i.iol(lS 1)clor. r.io i,,-: r o yet , i·ocn . 'l'hc fore. --f, i;rccc 011 tJ)c 1)f\nk:::; o:: 1 "1 ··:troni o.·c Gt11J. i1. tr1c 'lr 1 ,: ic;J or t .i'olte.r-c . Olcmbo.. ' c ccrt1~, wave . ' i n 1011s meon crint ut:rctch , ·....'J.o\,Cd. ,_-oi:t 1y o:n , ::. ri•l ,;a::, on(:, o cent inned. occro of ooo.·,1ty , r,~floct hl-L 1 ~, ti: <.!.i d , t11.:.) co::t..; r."yc. of th<' ~1ihc:.· i,oon . Aero s t11ic stTo.·.m 1 15,-• thG ;-orn of Av.;-·n::..:itc. . 11:t"J:ninont f1.non-- its bu.11 0.inGO 1--:ere tl·o ol d oolleco - bu.;J d:i.nru ; ~7. ~hin t r-or·o ·rnJ.lr I hrrl r.t,·iio{l ,;1.:cir,· ·t-.vo vee:r,, 0!:. r~y c:olle c conrse . Of-t in my youth I h~ cl ·ual1rnc1. -1.;1-n r;t; -:cot s o.i.' t 1,r..t tm.n • 1 •\,,.;-i-1 , 1; , l"J"'"'<" ,-f' \,,,,.~ li<n~· ' -•1 ••l'J·,o•"e ·t-O O:W' Y>V \71. ft"' , ..... v ......... ,~,v ,,_ _ c.,...4-, .. . , . t :1,~•o ~.1. • ___ _ i:n i;iI•lhooC:. d.uys . hr-·d r one to ,:-mc1 :l'.ro)(I J:r or1 the l i i:tlo brick ochonl rlwl':.so, :.::tco.nd inf y0t bcio£·0 me . Hmi. I wes a.n oxiJ.o - for no othor oi mise than thu t of ·plc··-dint • i n m;, n,1 'tivo lr.ncl , :;·or tho liberty n:nd eqno.l ~: i cht s o:t: . .l.J. -r:mn .. :,-:y · :if o 'Tt.: tv.ro lit tlo oneu ·;:o.:;.•0 one )1t•nd!'oli. pnr] fort~, m·i lcD in thn irrter.ior of [;. nluvc t~ te , an.Cl j11 tho vor;v mids/; of reb el 1)~nd~ • . I:l:no , ~hen , wee r o:rro,-; in thr-- mi.cl t of mir~; .lcd boc.u.t y . n_i:\.11 1 eo:11d thon a.n vms to l i :ft u: my hortrt in :fr.i-t L ,ti l;h l,im ·who long bei'orc tH!i •.l : 1 J ohc:ra.h J.ir..&! - i.;ho J~orcl rJiJ.l p1· ovide ; s.r.<1. thori w:l.tl1 Hirn \ ihO sni d • on -tho eve o:f: e £,.,.·o t ,lcJ.ivo:r1nco : ' ;Jt2.nd atill , n:nll i:;co "i'h~ er 1 vn:ticn of Gc)d .' "In the 1-:1orrd.n1 I took the i'i1·st .~ own·:;~:-·a. lloat 1 ,.1,. , ._,.. , • • •!,, • ,,, , \7Cn~: t o Ci ncinnati , th, nee rcrvrJS to tho Uni on :Le r ecs on tho Kontnd-:,-. Dt dc ~ It I he r.rel of tllir. 1 ~ml ,,;:roto ,j . G. Jr . II t on0O to the n ir r occi vocJ. an ;-n;:n~·or frm!i the Her: 0 f :i.co thct tho offondc:r clPi mod to 1Jo Foo ' n fr i cnc , PJ1tl lw.O. acted i n h:l.s !'Tcse:r- vat i on ? Th ~ ha.t e0. , of :co1..-:.:rso , these r.icn •:;oroc than 1·cbo l o l Bnt I he.cl no t ime or mc[.,,n;:: i;o tnvost i gato ·---., . t ho m0.t ter , n:::; ViC all :~~-c c time \ioro o, or r ..m by Ki r by S •i t h ; ana. I :roturncd to \.'nsl1tnrton , by wcw of Fr o.nkfo::...t . Thia tffu.~ bho et c.to o:f --ublic fe e l inrr in t hoso c ounties �( ( - 3.:0 - I1rint ~hon ., r:m1 e ivo thon •;:hln c1 rc:U.r..tion; ')ui; the., givo Julien - no o:ffj_ce 1 Gen .. Drtr1Jin 'i'i':;.•;cd. , of Oriio ,. i s by h is :perty trcEted in tho 3mnc nr,.rmer • �• ~f\ \ son oJ: H-:·("f·r-y Clt,.y . ~:::: che ticc:rctPr~ 011.cl most '11 ]. " ...;1, 1 l'"'t~Jo,yn,·,1 ('C ...,, ,;., 1{· 'nn .l. \-• , ''" ..JJ. ti violcnne , m-:0 ·l;Lri 1"· 1 .•. tJ , '.11-.J~·-...- r·ot \,'....' "", , c :, cd of t h0 t:".()<"' .... ,...,, 4 I.. ,.,,.,,t rlrn••>r•""('V "4 -!.l(.;.,fSV 1..> \.J.•t,4·-"J. .,..., 1./ ,e;) . iJ 11:-ty "'f oyoclch ·:m.c t1::m· ' O\rcrt hrorr.n, O:t'fi.:r,·~ 70tod :1..'or Teyler , I ·,<·rr·n1'.e:itea. ·Pr,_..,..... tho ;:idgo . Among !;hu r1.·.i·1 .o :Ct:c-ti<:~A 1.ii tho o, e:i.·tJ· o~.-; oi' !;110 s tr. n or::l to Lo.xinf ton , a : o.:.tli;hy r.mtl :?.·ofined E-,1~1 ishman ostnblin1 ~ h ·mcolf on ~ iino blun- grt"'.SO 01:1t o.to in Jenccmino Ccn.m-ty . Kc:ntnc1-~y . 'bcoo.mc �( - 3,1.2 - of ant i - sla· c r y vJ.eY✓S eotnrod u.nn.c~c -f.;ho d.eupo t :i.n.u of the t he s ex , 2-:'1.d ci esc:,vcs .LmrnortP 1 l10:'1or from c.~Ll l ov0r n of ·i,he l i ·:, c · tie::: of mo:1. J.nc ct:i.e. I<ott (1ourveo cirnc:l !!lor..-l.,ic,. :'.'o:r her ,.,,,.---- l onr t),nc.1. nf:Uc i ent sor-;-icos i n t110 c r.?:ut1c of the Bl a ve ., S'ht'l .L-~ nrit'ls \tt;;;.ir 1· ,, l l"/t O:?; .,7 ~ , bo-··L'l ..(. .1. o-f·1ilI·1· ..--n,1 r ,-, .,., ..I. 1o,...__ _ ~. ) ( ()u "· 1ce 1·'J ~ . (-..... ,·,~ ·rnntPt:re ·· ·t.:, J• ,,"0..-- V - n.nd _. e :~.t J.y took ?ro1.mcl a es:.inct ;· . :tc.Y01'7Y- ,, in corlmon 1;1 j. l;}1 the gen or c.1 t cno ts o:f those Cl ri ::d; i : ns . 0 & z;n,s i: l-·e o:cg.9,nizo:r Phil:~dc1phJ a ; cppoGo<l the u r;o oi' n.l1:t:·r c-cr ·,;m profrncts ; and , i :n 1 :i.fo . On 8. slavery wa.:r , I v:i.:3J.t to iil ·n . r..~ ott . r.:,f :or I begun t}:o r:nt t \ ,t.L' h:.:-rntsomcly cntori;t:>inca a-t a a j_nne:r et her homo , wJ101~c th; l o ri.d:i.Y1: e.:nti - ol avery men anu. ,·:omen of i l'i u gcn ¢.i el c linw.t c , c.nl'l. by thr· r,u:d.t ;,; of their liven ~ ,.;ero noted �( noted for tl~oir br-Hr,1iiy o.f i'.Jody rind. cov.l ~ At t hin tlinnor . o.lr.o , :,:d.wa~ctl rnr-ric , a hl lf ln.'e<)<l 1,hito , 1;.c1. .h.fricon ~ rm,o a.bro~. cl , by the aide o~ one cf the most lovely tirls ~reacnt • .. t cnt"!:lrw n;, c/v, nee,} i d.ens 1r1 'th ai rcctt cn of 1ibo ·n.1isn , / I . f e l t ~; h e crontcr.;t s·1• ,ck rd; th1D n e 1•; e1. 1:, t:i.c 1, of tho :rr <!OO 11. .;,cm •. l -- - ·; .r J 4n ~ .. ',,,, ~.. ,-,,, '"'l) 1.·, c•·• 1v• ... ·in.t (,.. J·,<1· "'-' ,,·t.;.:.,'< ""0 '" ~<:,.~- • •.J '-•<> ~-(';, Su ch is L~~ force of l1t1Tuit ant. pro juO.i co . 13ut , ui'tcr o.11 , I 11P.,:vo never tho-c.ght that ::me}, r::l l i ancos betwc011 1"_) ,_.. t..·,O i J::vol vc pr o;:---ony i::11 0 1:i.ld. be~ cnc,,uraeed ; thour;h :no 1ar, ch.culd pr ohib i t i i; . But I he:ve no room f or th0 cl irJcnssion of the cu.bjoct horc . :rherc e r e r h:rs:l.cal d i fi'orenc c s tn s·trncture ; a1111 tliO pre jud icc o:r slo.-v0:r;y '\7ill l o.st :l.11 'tldD country :fo:r �... 344 - ~ - ; f , , . h u a~•• Lil.I •·•·citifMlllilW~~ ~~~HI~---"··' ...,.,~i·9_t i; ,~ •n • -tt.,.. ~w ~ -.,..- ~~t ( ~ v.. l ~ ~~~~ jJ ', '2, . '14-,v :slnckwe11, tttiso,11 B • .Anthony , &i11c <1 .. ~-;t'"/ir:ilieJm. Lt:'rgax•ct 'l ", .....,_,. ·; J \ t'" ~'- ·J,.''1.' ..l ...... ,.t1d noo.rl;y oqu.eJ. cnlobr:i.t-y .. qu.ost ic,:noo... ✓ r,a1:-t7 , in;'::... v-cr.,:-;y- r:rn.Te mmmc:i:-,, ~1P:l<l : uv?.ciiofJ aml r-:cntlo:ne:n. ✓ f 1lon;,c fill ltp ycu:f cln:-M3of.i ; let v.0 dr; nJc -t:o t;,-JJ) heal th o:e c om:u1f· from ~- gon-tle- mru.1 of the c.lr:.rkeat 1:m.c , r:u::i ve11 rocoivoa.; hu.t to th<,:1 ~.-,h:tt c o O .; ' ·t 1 poroonallyi mr,y 'bo ·men-tiered ,J'i'1.J.:tn. :1:ar-a ?ow~, Lu.cy 8t(m.<'l ) ( l!/...,••e 1,;.;;,J. <t �Jo..Jl-.1°·1·· ,:..,.,,. h.> on 1, :, """J·· (~ h··· \1.. ,, c.,,., ,-. "'· ~ ., , .• 1~c"'·" ,,."~ c; -:-,1·-· v..z..t. <',,---. . ,,_}.Jl,;,.. ,!.vv..t.., ;~L'•"') ,)·:.• .J.. '-•.It. ..... ·1· , 1·i·" i.. ., ·.1.1,..:1 •_1·.,.,:,,.•c)1, .• c~: . v_ ~ .1o. ( .,.··ro' . If .• J .. • t I HCrlOH:·;]) / /il 1,..1. O"c~t"'!"' ..;1••n '-'""·~ -'f.) srz :.... ,·•,r·i v . "<r•·r• u ~...p v." : .: . f'J'O:t~ n. i; i:''lir1rt c(,rnut' Str-.to · 1·" '•"' ............ .,. ". '-t"tr:s·-~, ·1·1/· ·, ,..,~ .-. .....i."' v , v .. . '4i ,,,~!..Vvk') t,,;.H.'. _,, , _ \_.. _...., , 4-W " ' . '..." ... 1,, ,. r, .,_ l;,::nc.oj,' ;;· ~- tJv: :1m~hlo bu.t; het1 rt folt ·::-00:,·1 c:: ;m:r r :catcful :::;,:t,r:uth:y . i'e '.h:~.. o 11ot beon }1 00.rtlA~~a r:;:·t1octatort) in ,.:,,ri:· ,:om--i-t:t.·J/ 7s str1.tctl c m ,tlm:,:a o:f.' As1rt r::im:u~ C;:it1nf.;y , for liberty.. The,r1 r'i-• {,ur:- hr-nda havo h")OJi :,oo :i dle , t•.:no ,.·1.1.r b rts to o 1mi.l-_:l:i.ov:in1~ , \7C ~~- e n tt c; , ro1c::.1f:;ly vieW-0<:l.. t.rtc :-:rt:t•i:fo .. 1.'fh:llut on.r :trth(11.·c , hrn:_dJt'.:nJ.r; , , r..,.::: ,,·,•of•"'-,o·"' ~<"q· ..... .,.•• ,,--i•-1)"· .... · • ,. ,·,•:· \"· .... ·jl ,,..., .;.l .. ...,J.,""' h - 'l. .L '\,, \,..'. _ ..1. ... :i..... e.~, 1u i•\ \.,., f' 1"'.'!-'l·-vy••i ,J... ... ._...,\,J ..t,. ' •"" _l .. 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'":.;.,,.L /miGfo~d;·u.:ue - i'-g·r· Inst the bt1.l•,;•a.rk:;; o, ::.I.e:vory ., He o::·:to:c nc· ~:.(• , oo:r.· uoon of ···it:r ·to ·;:ne W't)oso 1:.::·1 :l.l'it r;oe.1.•o fo:i.~ ~1.i)O-VG :i.{; - lnt ~ ;.T,J:··i: !;ho 1:loe.Jrthr:, of ou··• . 1 ' (T! ...,_.,,~ ...-;j~,1 :·,.,,.. 'l .; 11e . 1,, ,-.,-,·fl ·. "'0 r,ir'"; ".N'.~l Hf'I ~ "DC-"d 11 4/ ......... V O'--''-,,~ V on :rtt:r i,-r:.;,_r ,. Yee ; J1.~· n,··, 1:0::ro.,. :or r..r,rnJ.-v0s cnn \/O ~,1,c, ,,; ; Ql· :1o ' s ~~iJr-rA,r ~,J.. t. ~s <.~1 ~:it:31 ~t·,u , r.:n.d r.10~}0 tJ,.r,:,1 hex•!~ .. '. c btl· ~w·t10 tho united. v c,:i., o o:f t;ho 1"~y ·i·:•i,,,.., .:.1.....- ·t11--1•..,,.,.,.:.,.,. v ... ~ i., -..J . ~, .. ,y-, .•. ..1.•,· . ✓.·" • ,. _ • rw• •-.J. .h 1..i.... 0• ·- - " ~ ,..~.. .; ..... ~-, 1,,..., • • . ~. . . .. . . . . . . . • ., ... 1 •r., V .11·i-'· - l.1 c . c•, t;,;-:., _ __~ .t 1 \ . 'I, ,,I \,.,. ~ •fr,•r,-:,· "J'l• ·1·ut11''... , ~,l,"'n ·~.,~ :,c~ >. ,~•-.. lt l, :t, ~ .. ~·t•..,) ., ... .,ti ,..,.. ,•. ..,__ ..;•1.1 t.;"'t_)c •.. 3.'r~ ~..,. ·'"Q1l c.l , 11 r:.o,~1 ;,,,i .._ op0ccit1 011 y ,:,,ru· rn.\ y ., ~::i10 Dt1•1.1..r~r:10 i n wki.cl ;10-r : re ongt1,ac t'.l is c.1JJ1ntt i - cnlly ·f;h~, ct ~:1 :ro l1d;-,,10011 J.:ibort;r end ·:n8:vory. Uo cor:;~or:/',on,'Jn.: · moye:-mnt in ., ]tr> ccuuo of r nti-8l nvery i o m~J.'kocl oi'1 (HU.' c 0.1n i.;:"y 1 rJ r.,t:i,r:o . :,;Dn._y a l:!.::nd ho.a bco:n :,-rii nod . 01· :i. Lr, sitrrn , :·.nc !.'lel1~r t tonr.;1.1.e has 1)0011 elcqu c11i, iz1 ii;r, bchel:e; btd; the J'r J.c:ncJ::1 of tJo si!:. vc , forgot'i;inc; -f;Jmi; 11 lJnion is s tx-o:ng"'ah 11 1 k ~vo ho1:-~)t:fore been untfbl e or u.nl]i ll:lng to rnoet v·,,on coiamon i:~~om1d . Rivnl �- 346 - Rival parties and rival societies have s adly weakened the arm whj_ch might other wise have wi elded ere n ow the conqueror ' s sword . The ser pent of political party strife has crept in to sting t he heart of freedom ' s champi on . But we hail you as the bond of Uni on the connectinr; l ink around which a.11 may once more cent er . The he art of every Ab oliti onizti of every s t r i pe i s wit h you - from Garrison , wit h disunion on hi s lips , to the dumb- mouthe d fo e of slavery , who would shrink f rom the very idea of e ivine: u tt erance to his ovm d eep sentiment s ; aye , and many an one , too , who wou ld spurn the neme of 11 Ab oltti onist :,." We viould n ot plud{ a sing le st e.r f r om the crov✓ns of the pioneers in this glorious work a a Gerris on , a Birney , a Tappan , and nume-e ou s others - men who "shrunk not from the br unt of the ba ttle's S !itt f r ont; "whose names s tanc1 nobly engr aven on the foundation '"". tones of Fr eedom ' s Templ e . But we thank Heaven for a banner a l eader , under which Abolitionists are disposed onc e mo re to unite ; and we tremble when we tht nk of the prec arious s j_tuati ::m of that le ader . Rest assured that our :pr~rs fo r your s af ety shall dai l y rise to Him who hol d~th Hat i ons as 11 t he rivers of waters in His hand ; 11 and whil e our hopes are centered on you , our afiaH hands shall not be i dl e . r1 When woman ' s heart i s bl eeding , Shou ld. woman ' s voice be hushed? 11 It i s a disgrace t o our country that the Anti Slavery Soci ej.y , 111 which our n ames now st an<1 enrolled.? did not , year s ago , a rise to add its mite to . the common c ause of humanity ; but we have now enlisted , nheart and. hand," in the cause ; and i f we but :pour one drop into t he swelling tide that begins t o sweep resistl essly t o·uard "ffl.ason and Dixon' s l ine " - if we but send back a cheer on the bre e ze that comes to us l ad.en with the sighs of the oppressec1 - we shall not have l ab ore d in vain . And now our ·wish , our pr ayer , our tru st ing hope for you shall be,f that the One t hat nerved the youthful arm of' him whose si ple sl i ng overthrew Philistia' s champion , may strengthen wit h a more than human pibwer ~ur_a r m in this struggle a gainst that giant whose proua. menace co~e s daily booming in t he e a r of b .berty' s defenders - the giant of slavery. We bid you onward , - "tlll:Sf1!1i :ak aa3: unshri nking - undeterred ; and we knov.r , too , ths t our voice is unneeldhere . But , as t he mot hers and. daughter of " 76" cheered on their dearest friends to dea dly s t rif e , through their heroes �( - 347 - heroes nerc of s ternest moul d. , \ JO cheer the her o of a se,-erer , t hr ough a blo odl ess strife , vii th e,s true and as warm a c c l amations as those . We bid you farevm l l with f e ar , and with h o:po . Accept this tribute fr om f--rateful hearts that are bound t o yours by an indi ss ol ub l e bond - the chain of lioert y - the cha in of human hear ts t hat are TTaitin5 with you t he dawn i n4,~ of Emanc:1.pa.ti on ' o st ar , and waiting wi th trombl~ ng anxiety its ri s e uron the heavens of A.~eric a . By the unanimous vote of the Society . BETSEY M. COWLES, Secretar y -+- + -+ _,, -> .-,.. -f-l--+ -1 -t -t' •f' ~1 !fow , my t1t t :: ck 'wes mostly on tho W11i g Part y - bent on i ts ruin; f pr , in our St at e , i t comprised a large ma jori t y of tlw slave - ho l ders , and they an d I -vrere of c ourse enemi e s to t he d e a th . I n the year 1851, t he electi on f or Gover nor was again p end.ing ; a.no. I d ecl ared my trnlf a c ~Jnd id.ate on the i.mti - slevery i ssue - George D. Blakey , of Southern Kentucky , be i n g my Li eutena nt . * :>I· The e;al 1ant Bl akey libe rated al l h i s a.l aves , and. l i ves to see the end of c lavory . - C. 1885 . I n the me a ntime , seeing thr,.t tho non- sle.ve hol(l ers -rrere p rosecuted. and· dri ven out into tho new Stat os an a. the mount ains of Ken ucky , I 11roj octed a scho ol o:f eclucat i on for their benefit . I had some l a n ds a t the s i te of the Ber ea Colleg e . So I wrote to my Ch..r i s tian f riend , tho Rev . Jobn G. I!,e e , of Bracken County - who was persecuted by his e hu..cch , c.nd j di s inhori ted by his fe.t h er for h is Christj_ an faith and pr a c t ice , in regarding e l l men as brothers end e quals before God. ('ncl the l aw - t o come and help me . c ame . He willingly I gave him a small tr:: ct of l and f or himself , and t wo hunQro d dollar s to aid in building his house ; and another small �- 348 - small tract of l a nd f or his church a mt his school . I ~; he s , by his efforts , nov, grown into a gre c-.t and success f ul college, where whit e and blacks , men and women , are e ducat ed on equal terms . This last feat ur e is due t;, Fee ' s own l eader ship , and c ould not have been f oreseen , but has always had my hear ty approbation . As a proof of my fore s ight , that secti on n ow const i t u tes t he only two l iberal Congressi onal Dist ricts in the St ate of Kentucky . Gett i ng one e more i nto my buggy , havi ng sent a c our ier ahe ad to m&ke the appointments , I s poke in near ly every county mlff t he Stat e , where the scenes at Lawrenceburg wer e ever repeat ed - alw~y s t hreat ened , and a l ways coming out t r iumphant in t he end . The inci dents of t his c anvass would fi l l a vol ume ; but I tire of such oft - repeated tal es , and hasten on to the end . The result was , t hat t he Vlhi1:-;h ps r t y vms beaten , and L . W. Powell , the Demmcratic c an didat e , was elect e d . I received about 5 , 000 votes ; but nearly 30 , 000 , by my advice , staia_ away f r om the poll s . ~ * White Hal l , PO:~o ., './ Madi son Co ., :,/t,'-/0 September 3 , 1 850 . Gentl emen : Your f avor of the 25t1: ult . is dri.ly received , f or , which y ou will accept my greteful a cknowledgements . -.J Be assured the t I concur most heart i l y in the sentiments o:e your let ter . Kent uck"_y will yet be fre e . The l ast bat t le fought , encour ages us to renew t he conflict . Where were the men of 1845 who raise d their voice in t he c &use! In the l ast conflict Ben H&rdin , our great opponent , estima tes our p&r t y at forty thou.sand . That is a l arger number them there a1~e a ctual s l avehol ders i:n our St ate . We a11~eady outnumber our foes . All thint.; s f avor oul' .But even wer e it other wi se , as slavery f i na l tri-u.:mph . is an neviJ. an c1 a wr onell which exists by our support , we � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clay, Cassius M. Collection Subject The topic of the resource Clay, Cassius Marcellus, 1810-1903. Description An account of the resource This is an artificial collection brought together from several different sources. The bulk of the material is in scrapbook form. These were put together by C.M. Clay and cover several different subjects. They include many clippings about C.M. Clay or articles and editorial comments that were published in newspapers and periodicals of the time. Several pieces of correspondence and other documents appear to have been purchased by the Townsend Room staff or donated to the University through Jonathan T. Dorris.<br /><br />Only a portion of this collection has been digitized. See the <a href="https://ekuprimarysources.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/484">Finding Aid</a> for a description of the entire collection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1827-1901 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence, scrapbooks Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Cassius M. Clay Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006-b01-f01 Type The nature or genre of the resource text Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Clay, Cassius M. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource memoir Title A name given to the resource Cassius M. Clay Autobiography Typescript Description An account of the resource Part 1 of 2. Pages 128-204 are missing. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/c550952415a30e0b952a22450a273756.jpg 937ccfa56ed3512e23c44e915e52b2bb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clay, Cassius M. Collection Subject The topic of the resource Clay, Cassius Marcellus, 1810-1903. Description An account of the resource This is an artificial collection brought together from several different sources. The bulk of the material is in scrapbook form. These were put together by C.M. Clay and cover several different subjects. They include many clippings about C.M. Clay or articles and editorial comments that were published in newspapers and periodicals of the time. Several pieces of correspondence and other documents appear to have been purchased by the Townsend Room staff or donated to the University through Jonathan T. Dorris.<br /><br />Only a portion of this collection has been digitized. See the <a href="https://ekuprimarysources.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/484">Finding Aid</a> for a description of the entire collection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1827-1901 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence, scrapbooks Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cassius M. Clay Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Cassius M. Clay Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006-10 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource image Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/ce582946f1a0647d4ba74db5e9533e9f.jpg 09774b498dcba278ca5bcb78d5376fcd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clay, Cassius M. Collection Subject The topic of the resource Clay, Cassius Marcellus, 1810-1903. Description An account of the resource This is an artificial collection brought together from several different sources. The bulk of the material is in scrapbook form. These were put together by C.M. Clay and cover several different subjects. They include many clippings about C.M. Clay or articles and editorial comments that were published in newspapers and periodicals of the time. Several pieces of correspondence and other documents appear to have been purchased by the Townsend Room staff or donated to the University through Jonathan T. Dorris.<br /><br />Only a portion of this collection has been digitized. See the <a href="https://ekuprimarysources.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/484">Finding Aid</a> for a description of the entire collection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1827-1901 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence, scrapbooks Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cassius M. Clay Bust Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Cassius M. Clay Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006-09 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource image Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/23833af8c58008dcbe1910e5306cfc83.jpg 5c7875855e353814ca78dbca2c58d431 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clay, Cassius M. Collection Subject The topic of the resource Clay, Cassius Marcellus, 1810-1903. Description An account of the resource This is an artificial collection brought together from several different sources. The bulk of the material is in scrapbook form. These were put together by C.M. Clay and cover several different subjects. They include many clippings about C.M. Clay or articles and editorial comments that were published in newspapers and periodicals of the time. Several pieces of correspondence and other documents appear to have been purchased by the Townsend Room staff or donated to the University through Jonathan T. Dorris.<br /><br />Only a portion of this collection has been digitized. See the <a href="https://ekuprimarysources.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/484">Finding Aid</a> for a description of the entire collection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1827-1901 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence, scrapbooks Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cassius M. Clay Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Cassius M. Clay Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006-07 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource image Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/01903588dabfb9f0d88c602d93d1e40e.jpg b1cf4ba2dd2d77041a6f882279403e08 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clay, Cassius M. Collection Subject The topic of the resource Clay, Cassius Marcellus, 1810-1903. Description An account of the resource This is an artificial collection brought together from several different sources. The bulk of the material is in scrapbook form. These were put together by C.M. Clay and cover several different subjects. They include many clippings about C.M. Clay or articles and editorial comments that were published in newspapers and periodicals of the time. Several pieces of correspondence and other documents appear to have been purchased by the Townsend Room staff or donated to the University through Jonathan T. Dorris.<br /><br />Only a portion of this collection has been digitized. See the <a href="https://ekuprimarysources.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/484">Finding Aid</a> for a description of the entire collection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1827-1901 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence, scrapbooks Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cassius M. Clay in Uniform Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Cassius M. Clay Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006-06 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource image Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/e66dd7891e2708e1e21995a65b7e391c.jpg 2f728acaf8fab4f27bfaf1968e4eb232 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clay, Cassius M. Collection Subject The topic of the resource Clay, Cassius Marcellus, 1810-1903. Description An account of the resource This is an artificial collection brought together from several different sources. The bulk of the material is in scrapbook form. These were put together by C.M. Clay and cover several different subjects. They include many clippings about C.M. Clay or articles and editorial comments that were published in newspapers and periodicals of the time. Several pieces of correspondence and other documents appear to have been purchased by the Townsend Room staff or donated to the University through Jonathan T. Dorris.<br /><br />Only a portion of this collection has been digitized. See the <a href="https://ekuprimarysources.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/484">Finding Aid</a> for a description of the entire collection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1827-1901 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence, scrapbooks Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource White Hall with Cassius Clay on Porch Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Cassius M. Clay Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006-05 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource image Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay White Hall (house) https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/c2c3e09117fa465288f3ba62d8077e34.jpg b8673b624f4104dd9b1b5f70d9499e3d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clay, Cassius M. Collection Subject The topic of the resource Clay, Cassius Marcellus, 1810-1903. Description An account of the resource This is an artificial collection brought together from several different sources. The bulk of the material is in scrapbook form. These were put together by C.M. Clay and cover several different subjects. They include many clippings about C.M. Clay or articles and editorial comments that were published in newspapers and periodicals of the time. Several pieces of correspondence and other documents appear to have been purchased by the Townsend Room staff or donated to the University through Jonathan T. Dorris.<br /><br />Only a portion of this collection has been digitized. See the <a href="https://ekuprimarysources.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/484">Finding Aid</a> for a description of the entire collection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1827-1901 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence, scrapbooks Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cassius M. Clay on White Hall Porch Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Cassius M. Clay Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006-03 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource image Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/3f125d58f5bf8776e50865ab5e7c790e.jpg a1888abf4c15c32e8f008228433605a7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clay, Cassius M. Collection Subject The topic of the resource Clay, Cassius Marcellus, 1810-1903. Description An account of the resource This is an artificial collection brought together from several different sources. The bulk of the material is in scrapbook form. These were put together by C.M. Clay and cover several different subjects. They include many clippings about C.M. Clay or articles and editorial comments that were published in newspapers and periodicals of the time. Several pieces of correspondence and other documents appear to have been purchased by the Townsend Room staff or donated to the University through Jonathan T. Dorris.<br /><br />Only a portion of this collection has been digitized. See the <a href="https://ekuprimarysources.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/484">Finding Aid</a> for a description of the entire collection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1827-1901 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence, scrapbooks Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cassius M. Clay Bust Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Cassius M. Clay Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006-01 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource image Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/5232e513dc9a888f2a69cae744996d0c.jpg 06a658f1be3baa8f88615067cb4c6079 https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/a07024cb9eba069d7ad00c766d37426d.jpg dc5d57e54c8c5680d35927d555892312 https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/03df5927fd7050324098152cde2e309c.jpg a953e48b77a9a281fb224073b8748769 https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/9734a4cea016f52f4bad3b1ceedec0dd.jpg 6ca355e1cf4f60283cc9fb5dab0cd99c https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/c52823edde1ed3734b048abda052a7c9.jpg 167b309cee582d8c62510fad56f50c2e https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/33c8e6e07dc173a3149585a6a7b4a226.jpg 5d2de04deeab278e7b66158b4d559943 https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/4f0ddbcf5e0421a28917d97b56e1d6fc.jpg d6e0b6497853b06b07b1b6a1997a71a2 https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/aea0af57c15ec7f0900aab780d47b92e.jpg 2a3976a69e1595cd1cc496d399630034 https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/14c6c7b9957f30a0439bbc80cc7940cf.pdf 5d28324d4cfbd21c0f3a2ad7845221a7 PDF Text Text . • ORATION. 'BY CASSIUS COT,LROK, !JARCELLUS OCTORRR CLAY , 16 , OF 1895 , WHIT!< ON Tl!F'. HALL, KY ., AT ANHLOtATlON !lKRRA OF ALASKA. Ur. Pre sident , Students of the Hi s t orical Cl ass , Ladie~ and Gent l enen : When I 118.1 the honor of b eing i nvited to addres s the students of Berea Co". .1ege--of whi ch I em t he Projector, oonor, and. Defender - -it wa~ my ambition to t reat a subject in .which I was personally interest - ed . It has been a habi t of' mine not to make popul ar ora tions : my 11 f'e is too busy for that: and when I have had time to r each the publi c I 1 havA illustrated great trut hs which concern t he human race . Thi& does no t come under t ~.at class--yet is is a subject of geaat interest-- and when so largP a t ertito ry as AlaAka 1$ annPxed it is an event which may affec t all the nati ons . I think 1 t ..,as an honorable aspiration which led me to place my fame i n t he safe keeping of an1Institut ion of which I was the founder - and 1/t!f to her e r ecord the data .rrom whi ch I claim the honor of the • annexation of Alaska . WJ,en I was ap)Jointed !Unis t er t o Russi a by Abrah2m Li ncoln , Ur . w. H. Seward ·was Secre t ary of state . He was a candi date befor e the people for t he Presidency of the U, s . i n con.!unc tion with Li ncoln, Douglas , Chase, and others . I finally s ettled upon r. . incoln i n pr efe r- ence to se.ard , so he r emained my enemy as l ong as he remained 1n ott'ice . I n a speech in the u . S . Senate he said with r e gard t o the �• ,fa. prospe ct of t he nar t ha.t was coming on, that he was •• for the vn.Ion with or without slavery . •• •• I had had a. l arge corresPQndence •1th Ur . Seward an:1 was disposed to support him, but when he l'ped.e that speech I could not . When I went to Washington he invited me to ovetlollk it, and I determined that under no possible circumstances would r vote fo'7'1'". I had au oT,portuni ty to long kno• him persona l ly . But I had previously marte up my mind t o go a gainst slavery at al l hazards. There fore i t would have been against my principles to have sustained him. There would either have been two empires or , r epUblic s . X "'-• -+ The1·e is doubt but that he would have compromised. With this preliminary A statement of my position you wi ll better see my claim to be the annexor of Alaska . When I r eached my post of duty a t St. Petersburg I found the Russians as well acquainted with my pUblic life as the ~n glish, and almost as well as the Americans themselves . In the family of hereditary roya lty I found a l'Ul>POSe of libera tion of the serfs simiAar to the work I wa s engaged in at home. They knew a great deal about the movements in t his country, and my history, and therefore we were 1n i1M1ediate sympathy. Now about this time Perry Mc D. Collins made a trip in Siberia through to St. Petersburg. 1 Thi s l believe was t he first through this country of which an account was Ptlblished . I fl. It was Pt>oposed t o erect a telegraph over the route taken, for all the world �•• le. f ollows i n t he track of a t elegraph, as it was said of old , • every r oed l ea..1.s t o Rome .•. 1 was aske d to have a charter grante d favori ng thi s enterpr ise end I secured one of' the most favorabl e charact er . I n ad.di tion the y gave a r eba t e or bounty .for eve r y message from America. over Russian land as an i ndu cement to the company to bui l d the l ine . Hiram Si bley t hen was pr esident of the we~tern uni on Telegraph company . The stock rose above par in Ame r ica and F.u» ope--but a t the same time t he threatened conflict between the European powers and America tur ne d t he attention of' the Rusi:.ian go vemment to the civil war whl oh broke out here a l ittle be fore I went ther e as Uln1at er J/t.4«j~ .Af. c...J'"""1i, I A man named Benjami n Perkina--a shipper--,d uring t he Crimean war was f i nduc ed t o load e. ship with ammuni t i on and to r un the risks of the i~ blockade of thOse besi eging sepastap\ol- -- to s el l the cargo e.t a good price to the Russians . Had ~r . Per ki ns suceeded i n get ting his cargo r e ady he might have accomplished some thing, but he did no thing j, o f what the Russian agent iilienfeldt expected him to do, and rai ling e.s he oiid , I knew b 0 t'ore I went i nto office tha t nothing was due him. I se.id that ;""e*i oa had no l ega~ claims whatever on behalf of capte.in 9f<:;, ,:/nL,c,0 ~<lf.u:,,.,:e;:_,,,, ~ $ t.,;;;'iM,..C/.,A/ IJ...;1, ,ru,f.t;<n,,,,, h.;,.~o,,t&(-. Perki ns ; He we.s a poor me.n e.nd had shown a good spir it tor t he Rus- A.=•~ <-"" --; /I sian empire , and it s eemed that he ought to have something. simply e. r equest fo r generosity. It waa As s oon as I got to my post Soward had thi s cle.im brought up , and or dered me to ur ge it befor e the Russian gover~Ynt"nf I believe tha t ur . Seward was an honest man person- �• • +4,. a lly , hut t he facts s how t hat he us ed the gove rnment to pay his f ol l owers . He al ways ha..1 a s e t o f men aro und him from t he Albany .. s chool, and consequent l y robbed the government to pay t hem . b,/o..P., Now it was al- r eady de ci ded to be a cla im wi thout an1ti basi s wha t ever, and I had no ri ght to do anythi ng with it . llut Sewar d s ent i t to me t o pr es ent . It was not over :,50 , 000 or i 6o, ooo . anrt had been t r i ed i n t he u . s . cour t s . Perkins agrAed to ta.l<e t 200 or ~ 00 and drop the cas e ; and t his was done . lluUthe ft ~nds of :.r. Sewar d formed a l obby c ompany' J/t;- ,!-0..-v-<\A.C' .. • ~J....-t,.y ..,,c-'"""1 tt,; t,0,rl.t,....., - ".r w1,..,,,, and r a.n 1 t up to hundreds of thousands of' dol lar s. and tri ed to make me pr esent i t to the Russi an government . They $nuggled a b ill t hrough congress under false pr et ences , or der ing me to br i ng i t befor e the Russi an gover rmient . Thi s was s en t to me and I went wi t h. it to Gor- tchacoff &1d he t ook i t and r ead it . Then advanci ng toward a e wi th a race f l ushed wi t h anger , s e..id , "We wi l l go t o wa, betore we wil l pay a cope c .•• (See 0 Uemoi r s, etc . " Vol . l . page 3 63 . ) 'l"herefo re t o cut tne ma t t er short Seward wa s the most unpopul er man in t he U. s . wit h the Russia.'ls . And ff he was t he man who came i n opposition to me fo r t he honor of the a,,nexa t i on o f Alaska . ,9"-'-';;! ~-t,,t- The r e sult was they • l :rused t o c on fi rm the charter and t o pay the rebat e , and the s cheme was ki l led : fu. ~= """'"WIA.~~c~-3 t:..d<: ~ ~'.._ /tffiµ... t,.,.~ . , . , . , , , , J and ki l le~ by l!r . s e.. ar<1 :/\ Now whe.t doe s c=on s ense s ay?- - would t hey give a favor to me.,,. who was t heir friend , or t o Ur . &awe.rd who was t heir enemy? Whe n the t el e graph company could not get t hi8 r ebate t hey �.. -#5 . asked that they shou ld own the la..t'ld to"ftepots , etc. to avoid compli- cations with Russ ian l aws . I 'brought thi s c laim before the llmperor t hrough hi s personal friends , :for in l\.lssia there ar e cer tain men who have gre at influence with t he blnper or. and they wer e diSPO&ed to give ~ u s t he fee simple in t he land , so that we might execute our laws without delay . exp111l/. nut in t he meantime the Itnss ian 'E'ur company was at>ou t to How t l,e olnperor had some fri ends ~I!&, pr ovided for t his s inecure . IV- Wl\eu wa r t r.rea.t~tl t o come betwwen the c . Europe , Russia wa~ on ourf1de . s. l'llelo, by and A tleet wa s s ent to t he u . S . which harbored in Neu York and that fri ght ened t he powers--for England , France , Spain , and all the Rui,opea.n governtnttr\:$ were agalnt the u . s. e x cept Russ ia . Geunany was as violently plotting agai nst us as t he r est. Jmgl and backed out arteifr,utting her fleet under s ail , and t he movement was defeat ed by t he powe r o f Russia s tandi ng in defence o f t he u . s . by threatening her in Or~ na and I ndia . But the Russian Fur Co~p<tny anti cipating the probab le loss of A.laska--when I asked them t o make a aal e of their pr oper ty ---a company was formed i n the u . s. an~ bo11ght their pr oper ty . As i t seemed probable t hat 8ngland mi ght wat. fu.t.~~ ,t-e=<- c"""' 111 and take Alaska , I then urged them to sell t he whol e of Alaska /1 t o t he u . s.- --whioh was done or necessity at wasr~ngton---when the ~.vLP- seven mi l lion doll ar s wt,.j, paid . t1ow g!Ut l eme..._ if oredi t is due t o any one man living o r dead . to whom i s it due? After Li ncoln ' s death, and after I had wri t t en my �#fl. memoirs, Seward ceme out and claimed the honor. It was gtm.e rally understood t hat l!r . s""ard was opposed to the thing throughout, and the Rusz1an govelllllment was certainly not r eady to put the arfa1rj1nto t he hands of a man like him, but would much pr efer to s eek. my s ervic°'s. Whon Y.r. Linco ln. ourh h1ef. was dead. and ma..1e no s .i gn, then I z;, ~~~. , ~ s, ,.,...u,<;: QT#c. wM.t,-7~'-<A-V , came in~ On account of a l a te personal affair my life hes been review- ed . All parties look upon me no longer as a rival but as a dead man, <M-,ol. 1 .. ~ ?1..:£. """"< ~ .. t he whol e pr ess unanimously have agreed that I am the undisi,ut- ~ /tr.,.~ ' ~ <-(,,,.'fM>r ·~ able aut hor of the annexati on of Alaska . These ar e the facts that I wish to be fi.led in t h1A Inst itution o f which I am pi,o jector, donor, fo t' fVtl"' an.1 rterender , and r emainl\as evidence o f my connection with that work . when I come to look into my encyclopedia I find the name of Alaska is not tlser e ; t hese things have happened since. !.fy grandson . Clay Her- rick, says there are about 700,000 square mile s . * The boundaries are not definert . It may be as l ar ge as t he c . s. �., ,,,., . Its resources are just begi nni ng to be under~tood . The seal and sal mon .fisherie~ are i mmense and as lasting a6 the ear th. tia.n Islands belong t o us. The A.lieu- • The fishert es and f\trs are sur e to increase , and with proper r es trictions t he supply wi ll be unlimited . f "inest :fishery 1n the wotifor salmon . It is the When the 3S.lmon ar e running up the streams from the Pacific ocean t hey c ome in such schoo~s t hat a man could step down and catch them wi th his hands; t his is the way t he bears do . I t is my opinion that Alaska is the finest minerafcountry in the wor ld , not exc epti ng Af"rica . pe.rtlicularly gold. ' It aboundS1n many kinds o f metal , The c l i mat e is ver y fair; and you wi ll fi nd that immigration. runs upon parallel\ isothermal lines. People from the north of Wl.lrope pe e fer t o go to t he north,and those from the south go to the sout h . There is a lar ge popu lation in Europe wno wil l go t here, and it will be very populous bec ~..uae eve~ineral country is. It 18 no t a small t hing--the annexation of Alaska . I think when ..... whet 1 have done as liberator• what I ha.ve done for education, whe.t I have done fo1the treedom of the press and s peech, what I have done ....a- a sjdictat or 1n defen• e of Washington in 1861---and wha t I have done fo r t he most liberal constitution in the world-- the Kentucky constitution- ~ are all forgot ten , I shall be r emembered as the autho, of the annexation of Alaska . You got up the Coltunbian exposition, which has never been �,fe . / surpassed~ in honor of' the man who was the doubtful discoverer of Amer ica- --! do not know that I s hall ever write a wi ll , but If I do my executors shall b e instnicted i f they r a i~e a monument- - and I rto not car P. for t hese things--to writ e on it ALASKA and my nem.e . - � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clay, Cassius M. Collection Subject The topic of the resource Clay, Cassius Marcellus, 1810-1903. Description An account of the resource This is an artificial collection brought together from several different sources. The bulk of the material is in scrapbook form. These were put together by C.M. Clay and cover several different subjects. They include many clippings about C.M. Clay or articles and editorial comments that were published in newspapers and periodicals of the time. Several pieces of correspondence and other documents appear to have been purchased by the Townsend Room staff or donated to the University through Jonathan T. Dorris.<br /><br />Only a portion of this collection has been digitized. See the <a href="https://ekuprimarysources.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/484">Finding Aid</a> for a description of the entire collection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1827-1901 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence, scrapbooks Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clay Oration at Berea College Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Cassius M. Clay Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006-b3-f7-i3 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1895-10-16 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource publication Type The nature or genre of the resource text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/8a71e5115c96029efac40e55c99a1754.jpg 9e9385a37f6cb0ad94d5ef2c27e41fc7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource White Hall Historical Collection Description An account of the resource This collection holds a wide range of materials relating to the Clay family and White Hall. Both original letters and copies of Clay family correspondence can be found here. The bulk of the correspondence is from Cassius M. Clay or written to Mary Jane Clay, but there are also letters from Laura Clay, Brutus J. Clay, and others. Contracts, deeds, and wills of the Clay family can be found as well, most of which are from Green Clay in Madison County. In addition to this, books belonging to members of the Clay family are included in this collection. Photographs are a significant part of the collection, both of the Clay family and White Hall. Photographs of Cassius M. Clay, Mary Jane Warfield Clay, Laura Clay, Launey Clay, and other Clay family descendants are included, as well as photographs of White Hall before and after its restoration. Events post restoration, such as a Victorian Christmas at White Hall and weddings, have been photographed as well. Along with this, there is a wide range of stereoscope cards with images relating to religion, landscapes, and famous places. Plans for the restoration of White Hall are also significant to this collection, as there are many technical drawings of everything from HVAC plans to landscaping plans. Newspapers and newspaper clippings are prominent throughout, as clippings can be found in Green Clay’s scrapbooks and original copies of newspapers with articles featuring Cassius Clay and The True American are included. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Clay, Cassius M. Clay, Green (1757-1828) Clay, Green (1871-1962) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1776-1962 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence scrapbook legal document photograph financial record biography broadside publication survey (land) Language A language of the resource eng russian Type The nature or genre of the resource text image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2023A013 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived White Hall Historical Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2023a013-b02-f01-i06 Title A name given to the resource Cassius M. Clay at 84 Years Old Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1894-11-13 Type The nature or genre of the resource image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource photograph Description An account of the resource A copy of a photograph taken of Cassius M. Clay at 84 years old by Isaac C. Jenks. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/c6a7f25c77da1c2c42cf2e0e885770be.jpg d68c2bf2f196d5fa6971d065fd4024cd https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/5a7afe2d4341af0fd86d729a1422c28a.jpg 1d0825e2d87cb6c47da5d7617bcd9533 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource White Hall Historical Collection Description An account of the resource This collection holds a wide range of materials relating to the Clay family and White Hall. Both original letters and copies of Clay family correspondence can be found here. The bulk of the correspondence is from Cassius M. Clay or written to Mary Jane Clay, but there are also letters from Laura Clay, Brutus J. Clay, and others. Contracts, deeds, and wills of the Clay family can be found as well, most of which are from Green Clay in Madison County. In addition to this, books belonging to members of the Clay family are included in this collection. Photographs are a significant part of the collection, both of the Clay family and White Hall. Photographs of Cassius M. Clay, Mary Jane Warfield Clay, Laura Clay, Launey Clay, and other Clay family descendants are included, as well as photographs of White Hall before and after its restoration. Events post restoration, such as a Victorian Christmas at White Hall and weddings, have been photographed as well. Along with this, there is a wide range of stereoscope cards with images relating to religion, landscapes, and famous places. Plans for the restoration of White Hall are also significant to this collection, as there are many technical drawings of everything from HVAC plans to landscaping plans. Newspapers and newspaper clippings are prominent throughout, as clippings can be found in Green Clay’s scrapbooks and original copies of newspapers with articles featuring Cassius Clay and The True American are included. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Clay, Cassius M. Clay, Green (1757-1828) Clay, Green (1871-1962) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1776-1962 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence scrapbook legal document photograph financial record biography broadside publication survey (land) Language A language of the resource eng russian Type The nature or genre of the resource text image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2023A013 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived White Hall Historical Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2023a013-b02-f01-i05 Title A name given to the resource Portrait of Cassius M. Clay Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1893 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Beltsmith, R.P. Type The nature or genre of the resource image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource cabinet card Description An account of the resource Two cabinet cards from the same sitting of Cassius M. Clay wearing a suit. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/77e833c1cbbd0a9ad8a3d72fb39ebe8c.jpg 66babc3355e60b8b10d958a5f3949ac8 https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/674d09c738dac8ab0942f816c8ca758e.jpg 8d5e5640cad4443f8d6bff9531d8ca2f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource White Hall Historical Collection Description An account of the resource This collection holds a wide range of materials relating to the Clay family and White Hall. Both original letters and copies of Clay family correspondence can be found here. The bulk of the correspondence is from Cassius M. Clay or written to Mary Jane Clay, but there are also letters from Laura Clay, Brutus J. Clay, and others. Contracts, deeds, and wills of the Clay family can be found as well, most of which are from Green Clay in Madison County. In addition to this, books belonging to members of the Clay family are included in this collection. Photographs are a significant part of the collection, both of the Clay family and White Hall. Photographs of Cassius M. Clay, Mary Jane Warfield Clay, Laura Clay, Launey Clay, and other Clay family descendants are included, as well as photographs of White Hall before and after its restoration. Events post restoration, such as a Victorian Christmas at White Hall and weddings, have been photographed as well. Along with this, there is a wide range of stereoscope cards with images relating to religion, landscapes, and famous places. Plans for the restoration of White Hall are also significant to this collection, as there are many technical drawings of everything from HVAC plans to landscaping plans. Newspapers and newspaper clippings are prominent throughout, as clippings can be found in Green Clay’s scrapbooks and original copies of newspapers with articles featuring Cassius Clay and The True American are included. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Clay, Cassius M. Clay, Green (1757-1828) Clay, Green (1871-1962) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1776-1962 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence scrapbook legal document photograph financial record biography broadside publication survey (land) Language A language of the resource eng russian Type The nature or genre of the resource text image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2023A013 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived White Hall Historical Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2023a013-b02-f01-i04 Title A name given to the resource Portrait of Cassius M. Clay Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1893 Type The nature or genre of the resource image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource cabinet card Description An account of the resource Two full-body portraits of a middle aged Cassius M. Clay standing by a chair from the same sitting. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/a74d9af7279948cdf6656b0565071730.jpg 4e47e73ce2f390448b0806527a620b2a https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/0c447bb3e1a23f85693085770334ca30.jpg e68edb813b41e67f095553713c0c6146 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clay, Cassius M. Collection Subject The topic of the resource Clay, Cassius Marcellus, 1810-1903. Description An account of the resource This is an artificial collection brought together from several different sources. The bulk of the material is in scrapbook form. These were put together by C.M. Clay and cover several different subjects. They include many clippings about C.M. Clay or articles and editorial comments that were published in newspapers and periodicals of the time. Several pieces of correspondence and other documents appear to have been purchased by the Townsend Room staff or donated to the University through Jonathan T. Dorris.<br /><br />Only a portion of this collection has been digitized. See the <a href="https://ekuprimarysources.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/484">Finding Aid</a> for a description of the entire collection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1827-1901 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence, scrapbooks Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Cassius M. Clay Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006-b03-f01-i09 Type The nature or genre of the resource text Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1886-03-26 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource document Title A name given to the resource A.R. Spofford to Cassius M. Clay Description An account of the resource Copyright information about Clay's autobiography. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay copyright https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/301a2cc71cabdf587b19c496f60a2330.jpg dd2efba46c8bdd28ad535eeb289a75e5 https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/70d408f8d5636a4daaac4dd434cc6921.jpg 707886c7c7fb3cc0d6ebf4e75b6feec9 https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/892e3b1002fe16d6cf05b09b5077d03b.jpg 8df386431e8eb6ee9b2c210da5358e84 https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/58fee7d3a6e035645df9f55217ee6da3.jpg 7e09180e8feefcdfa733a9f5a702c9ed https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/cc4de5ae204a66b06ac8e562424817ea.jpg 123e0502400d6898c1e877973b810baf https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/28ec3541449512780a5498df598371a3.jpg 5a95d168bc2f2655a4efa632315c847f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clay, Cassius M. Collection Subject The topic of the resource Clay, Cassius Marcellus, 1810-1903. Description An account of the resource This is an artificial collection brought together from several different sources. The bulk of the material is in scrapbook form. These were put together by C.M. Clay and cover several different subjects. They include many clippings about C.M. Clay or articles and editorial comments that were published in newspapers and periodicals of the time. Several pieces of correspondence and other documents appear to have been purchased by the Townsend Room staff or donated to the University through Jonathan T. Dorris.<br /><br />Only a portion of this collection has been digitized. See the <a href="https://ekuprimarysources.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/484">Finding Aid</a> for a description of the entire collection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1827-1901 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence, scrapbooks Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Cassius M. Clay Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006-b03-f01-i12 Type The nature or genre of the resource text Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1885-02-04 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence Title A name given to the resource J.M. Gordon to Cassius M. Clay Description An account of the resource Praises Clay for his work in abolition and commends his character as a man and leader. Grief is also expressed as it seems Gordon may be dying soon and leaving Clay's side which he clung to dearly. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/46d958551ed4eeee80d7218b986900ed.jpg f713d69dd04c1ede74aa65245ab37524 https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/3557601efe93d520d796ab3b65d35cce.jpg 594b1ee6552072da50e67a144cff3797 https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/2d64485c2052bbf4564cd6d7563e42d6.jpg 8f36e833d9167c70434c7d88eaf79948 https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/5899e11fa4611809f5daa7d65d5c7a6e.jpg 9c1f80d5ef8146961d40f734a8518aef https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/e2b7d1c88fb33faf183825cdb8c6a2df.jpg e90b2903f3ab939d24dacd22836dfd84 https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/78f01d51c02a3d1228bdfc6cce2eba75.jpg 3f9a754e3dc4bd99d3c737a1e2879501 https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/f80988579bc8c4d65680d65aed354416.jpg d155d00b0865e0044df2bd6ca673dee3 https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/ed793f8208d970e35e08c138b2fed2b8.jpg 55eaad23c40472c5fd728b355f4ed8a9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clay, Cassius M. Collection Subject The topic of the resource Clay, Cassius Marcellus, 1810-1903. Description An account of the resource This is an artificial collection brought together from several different sources. The bulk of the material is in scrapbook form. These were put together by C.M. Clay and cover several different subjects. They include many clippings about C.M. Clay or articles and editorial comments that were published in newspapers and periodicals of the time. Several pieces of correspondence and other documents appear to have been purchased by the Townsend Room staff or donated to the University through Jonathan T. Dorris.<br /><br />Only a portion of this collection has been digitized. See the <a href="https://ekuprimarysources.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/484">Finding Aid</a> for a description of the entire collection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1827-1901 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence, scrapbooks Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A Pioneer Emancipator Description An account of the resource A small, brief biography of Cassius M. Clay reprinted from the Nashville American. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Cassius M. Clay Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1881 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource pamphlet Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006-b03-f13-i03 Cassius M. Clay https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/21f7b5f6a4e02bb5d5c8c1985ff9eea8.jpg e00e58572e85d7db0f57596ae5a18b27 https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/d4e38520db0fadb5b0d9bdc9eacdf401.jpg 317bc04a2c07136713f122a87ac116bd Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clay, Cassius M. Collection Subject The topic of the resource Clay, Cassius Marcellus, 1810-1903. Description An account of the resource This is an artificial collection brought together from several different sources. The bulk of the material is in scrapbook form. These were put together by C.M. Clay and cover several different subjects. They include many clippings about C.M. Clay or articles and editorial comments that were published in newspapers and periodicals of the time. Several pieces of correspondence and other documents appear to have been purchased by the Townsend Room staff or donated to the University through Jonathan T. Dorris.<br /><br />Only a portion of this collection has been digitized. See the <a href="https://ekuprimarysources.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/484">Finding Aid</a> for a description of the entire collection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1827-1901 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence, scrapbooks Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Release of Responsibility Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Cassius M. Clay Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006-b3-f5-i2 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1868-09-04 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence Type The nature or genre of the resource text Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Language A language of the resource rus Cassius M. Clay https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/a5019c5da70fd397c50242c2dc003e2b.jpg 38930489a1a37cc676c127752870a1ef https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/d0a58f3d1e92105004249d8b5ee38411.jpg 0907f8be90ef54ffe47fd1b75b0d04e3 https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/3f5f792f777b6d5a635b85adfd7c9833.jpg 39738e4d4ad857790cfa9654f26f9293 https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/68a471b6d2567c84066dde6e7d1ac211.jpg 5adb6f9faaffdf52c5fa3a4f07529031 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clay, Cassius M. Collection Subject The topic of the resource Clay, Cassius Marcellus, 1810-1903. Description An account of the resource This is an artificial collection brought together from several different sources. The bulk of the material is in scrapbook form. These were put together by C.M. Clay and cover several different subjects. They include many clippings about C.M. Clay or articles and editorial comments that were published in newspapers and periodicals of the time. Several pieces of correspondence and other documents appear to have been purchased by the Townsend Room staff or donated to the University through Jonathan T. Dorris.<br /><br />Only a portion of this collection has been digitized. See the <a href="https://ekuprimarysources.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/484">Finding Aid</a> for a description of the entire collection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1827-1901 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence, scrapbooks Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Cassius M. Clay Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006-b03-f03-i03 Type The nature or genre of the resource text Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1867-12-12 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence Title A name given to the resource Eliza L. Smith to Cassius M. Clay Description An account of the resource Eliza thanks her brother for his monetary aid, tells him the recent activities of other siblings, informs him that their brother, Brutus, is going to move his dead sons to the same plot with their mother, expresses her joy of hearing that Clay plans to move their father to the plot as well, and tells him how happy the family would be to see him as soon as possible. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/92800bf267d8229e9bb9e23565c06d01.jpg 47f6e77a5762751f32ad61389e3ea1c6 https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/a50c4cb676347727cae4e84be5d76644.jpg 8f55644d52024fe76876d9f9b263c3d7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clay, Cassius M. Collection Subject The topic of the resource Clay, Cassius Marcellus, 1810-1903. Description An account of the resource This is an artificial collection brought together from several different sources. The bulk of the material is in scrapbook form. These were put together by C.M. Clay and cover several different subjects. They include many clippings about C.M. Clay or articles and editorial comments that were published in newspapers and periodicals of the time. Several pieces of correspondence and other documents appear to have been purchased by the Townsend Room staff or donated to the University through Jonathan T. Dorris.<br /><br />Only a portion of this collection has been digitized. See the <a href="https://ekuprimarysources.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/484">Finding Aid</a> for a description of the entire collection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1827-1901 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence, scrapbooks Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Cassius M. Clay Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006-b03-f03-i02 Type The nature or genre of the resource text Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1867-07-12 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence Title A name given to the resource Eliza L. Smith to Cassius M. Clay Description An account of the resource Eliza writes to her brother informing him that their mother had passed away. She tells him of her final days and assure him that she was "at herself" the entire time. She goes on to say that her last wish was only to be able to see Clay before being taken. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/80a4d4defbb90df8b0b908255b443950.jpg 05ffaaee80b46505616f37a83d2868b3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource White Hall Historical Collection Description An account of the resource This collection holds a wide range of materials relating to the Clay family and White Hall. Both original letters and copies of Clay family correspondence can be found here. The bulk of the correspondence is from Cassius M. Clay or written to Mary Jane Clay, but there are also letters from Laura Clay, Brutus J. Clay, and others. Contracts, deeds, and wills of the Clay family can be found as well, most of which are from Green Clay in Madison County. In addition to this, books belonging to members of the Clay family are included in this collection. Photographs are a significant part of the collection, both of the Clay family and White Hall. Photographs of Cassius M. Clay, Mary Jane Warfield Clay, Laura Clay, Launey Clay, and other Clay family descendants are included, as well as photographs of White Hall before and after its restoration. Events post restoration, such as a Victorian Christmas at White Hall and weddings, have been photographed as well. Along with this, there is a wide range of stereoscope cards with images relating to religion, landscapes, and famous places. Plans for the restoration of White Hall are also significant to this collection, as there are many technical drawings of everything from HVAC plans to landscaping plans. Newspapers and newspaper clippings are prominent throughout, as clippings can be found in Green Clay’s scrapbooks and original copies of newspapers with articles featuring Cassius Clay and The True American are included. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Clay, Cassius M. Clay, Green (1757-1828) Clay, Green (1871-1962) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1776-1962 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence scrapbook legal document photograph financial record biography broadside publication survey (land) Language A language of the resource eng russian Type The nature or genre of the resource text image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2023A013 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived White Hall Historical Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2023a013-b02-f01-i01 Title A name given to the resource Portrait of Cassius M. Clay Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1860 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Frederick of New York Jones, F.E. Type The nature or genre of the resource image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource print Description An account of the resource A print engraved by F.E. Jones from a photograph by Fredericks of New York. A portrait of Clay from the chest up. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/48d3ffb675a338fe91cd75b6d49deaf5.jpg 5872d57724ed5e2ff0d3eb29a61c297a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource White Hall Historical Collection Description An account of the resource This collection holds a wide range of materials relating to the Clay family and White Hall. Both original letters and copies of Clay family correspondence can be found here. The bulk of the correspondence is from Cassius M. Clay or written to Mary Jane Clay, but there are also letters from Laura Clay, Brutus J. Clay, and others. Contracts, deeds, and wills of the Clay family can be found as well, most of which are from Green Clay in Madison County. In addition to this, books belonging to members of the Clay family are included in this collection. Photographs are a significant part of the collection, both of the Clay family and White Hall. Photographs of Cassius M. Clay, Mary Jane Warfield Clay, Laura Clay, Launey Clay, and other Clay family descendants are included, as well as photographs of White Hall before and after its restoration. Events post restoration, such as a Victorian Christmas at White Hall and weddings, have been photographed as well. Along with this, there is a wide range of stereoscope cards with images relating to religion, landscapes, and famous places. Plans for the restoration of White Hall are also significant to this collection, as there are many technical drawings of everything from HVAC plans to landscaping plans. Newspapers and newspaper clippings are prominent throughout, as clippings can be found in Green Clay’s scrapbooks and original copies of newspapers with articles featuring Cassius Clay and The True American are included. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Clay, Cassius M. Clay, Green (1757-1828) Clay, Green (1871-1962) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1776-1962 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence scrapbook legal document photograph financial record biography broadside publication survey (land) Language A language of the resource eng russian Type The nature or genre of the resource text image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2023A013 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived White Hall Historical Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 2023a013-b02-f01-i02 Title A name given to the resource Portrait of Cassius M. Clay Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1855 Type The nature or genre of the resource image Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource carte de visite Description An account of the resource PK0000003. A CDV of Cassius M. Clay wearing a military uniform. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/965b66b768d4b906aa615a3b65a2ba8e.pdf 3cab6dd968121c22e53a14909d686d34 PDF Text Text s .J.', '\,\.J. I, '?\ j "" ILLUSTRIOUS DE:J:,;DS OP C ., iv; <CLAY by S amue 1 W±,..J:be--rf-erc e W ,'I Je In. (w -in --18- 51 ,~ ·~ N -J- , ·--rftfen - cf ! ' ·~ Gr een Clay , a youth of linea g e high , F orsook the Eastern climate mild ; Straightway toward the weste r n sky He sought and found Ken tucky wi l d . He l e ft all near and dear behind , His p l ans result ed for the b es t ; For we a l th he s e eme d to b e inclined , He ma de h is fortune in t he west . ~et by p rivatio n s all aro und , His daunt le s s coura g e would no t yie ld , ¾ni l e many perished on t he g round , Or fell upo n the b a t tl e fie l d . Though no c ollegian , he was b lest With talent that surpassed his da ; Thou ghout the wi de e xpanded west , The howl i ng wi l ds he did survey • .. count r y wi l d at h is command , ~hat did with natura l wealth aboun d , He en t ere d the most f ert ile land · Upon the dark and b loody g round . Oft t h r ough the wi l derness d id~Foam, nd f ought wit h Sava ge Chi e fs ~ost g reat , then se t tled do1n in pe ac e at h ome , Surrounded b a vast e state . } is talent c ould not dormant li e , lie l e f t his home a gai n st his will , Im.. ortan t trust of hon or' high is co untry c a l ed on him to f ill . i He ria - ried aft er he had won A lad of t he hi ghest fame , 'l'he Mother of Ken tucky I s Son , And Sally Lewis was her name . That son which has ana will a d orn His Country mor e tha n nob l e men , ' Twa s C . M. Cl ay we learn was born The n i n th Octob er, 'i gh tee n Ten . 1 '11he se v enth and the young e st then , His parents w,u,e mat ure in age ; Search history for d isti ngu ished men1 Such o ften has be come a sage . .J ,,} �- 2- 1Tis said h is features when a child We.R stamped with f irrrmess and with care , His manners were s e date a nd mi l d , 'l'he countenanc e estitute of f e ar . Did some gre a t hero ~s s oul~ impart To him with his first vita l breath , nd stamp upon h is mind and heart F e atures that have no fear of death? Did not our Country ' s Father throw His mantle aroun d t h at fearless one? rhat warded off each dead l y blow , Oft hurled to sl ay Ken tucky ' s s on ? The h i ghest valor not alone , His Country cti dhis mi.d employ . 'l'he ri ght s of man assume d the t hrone , il e he was stil l a youthful boy . 'l'he you th was just as well as b ra v ~ For he had prearranged the plan that he would never own a slave If h e should reach the a g e of man . 'l'he h uman rights he did emb race, lthough Kentucky did oppose; wo ~ld of t yra nt s he did face nd b attled with a host of foes. -.,, I ~ Not ~Clay alo ne_Aa ~e s have kne lt nd b o wed at fre e dom~ lovel · shrin e; He roes and p atriots all h ave felt Her fascinatin g charms divine . Po e ts and p ai n t ers strove in vain 1 'l'he brush and p e n c an never tell , Nor num er all that ha u be en slain 'l 'hat for the Ri gh t s of man haee. fell . It cos t the wor l d a vital flood 'l'hat pre cious ri ght for to maintainj The ~ arth h as bee n d eluged in b l ood From e v ery nob l e pa t riot v e in . rfuen Glay espoused that g lori ous cause, He knew t h e h i ghe st g ift was lost; Obedient to all ri ghtious l aws , He moved regard less of t he cost . �- 3- The sac•r i fice to him was k no wn , All clean before h i s me ntal sigh t , ot f or t he sce pte r nor t he throne He viou ld n ot barte r oi'f the ri gh t . 'l 'hough still a y outh a-t freed orJs call His d esti ny wa s firml y c a s ~ He r eg ist e r ed h is n ame with all 1 He roe s and marty rs of the p ast . No n a t ur e o n l y p u re was kn own 'l ' o him n o d ou b t h e ac t e d wise. m en sce p ters , k in g do ms , every throne S i nk dovm , his name wi ll u pward rise . Hi gh as pi rati on , love of t ruth , His t alents were e x celled by none. He ente r e d colle g e when a youth ,- as t h ere t i l l h e was twe n t y - on{, . Yale co nf e r r e d o n his c las s ic he ad Honor they could bestow n o hi gher, 1 o cele b rat e t h e i llust r io u s de ad Uur country ' s most exal t e d sire . Th e y called u p on t h e y out h f ul Cl a:'>7j ho d i d r e spon d in fre e d om ' s cause; Un t h e gr e a t Washing to n ' s b irthday , 'l'he orati on met mo st h i gh a p p laus e . That sp e ech for forty years and more Has b ee n a ppl auded b y the ise; De mo sth e nes i n day s of yore Gn rhet o~ ic c ould n o h i ghe r rise . Hi s lo v e o f human ri ghts gr e v g reat As h e advan ced i n ear s more b rave; Re gar d les s of his n ative stat ~ He l i b erate d v e r y slave . rhe c our ier of f r ee d om we nt Con ve ye d in .t1aste by p ast on st a g e, For such h ad lo n g b ee n h is i n te n t As s o on as h e be came of a ge . The sacr i fic e that y out h t h e n made '. \Jhe n t o t h at d e ed h e signed his name Martyrs l ong since in as h es la id ~ Fo r con scie n c e sake h a ¥~ do n e the same . �- 4- Th a t b ri r ht ex ample offered t hen Filled noble he a rts ~it h gre 8t delight; He cal ed on all h i. s c ountry men To follor in the na th of ri gh t . His faith he did p rocla i m with p r i d ~ Fearless of all tha t might opp ose i He epread his banne rs far and wide Bef ore a worl d of friend s or foe s . No ewervi ng feature c ould be fou nd In h i. mas all hi.s acts wil l u r ove 1 He p l a c ed his fee t on holy ground The worl d of ga i n could never mov e . Fo r wea l th he neve r did aspi ne J He e xhaust ed su ch for the g reat c aus ~ His a spi ration ~ all were hi ghe r To sust c1 in the fundament 1 laws . As soon as he was t~enty - one His county did upon him call; Kent u cky your most n oted s on Went to t he Leg isl a tiv e Ha ll . 1'H th el der members he coul d vi e , His speeches c au sed a l l traitors pa i n; Be f il led his place with honor high So s oon was c l l ed to fill again . Ob edi e nt t o his Count ry's ca l l , He went still on a hi gher pl en i Ba ck tc the same di stini:ru i shed Ha l l Contendi ng f or the ri ghie of man . 1h e House ,va s int ermi.xed i th knaves, Su ch tr a it ors he must fight or cowe r ; Th ey knew that he had freed his slaves And etill as ga i ning higher power . The Legi sla tor f i ed his pla ce , The second t e rm appl aude d high ; And told the t yrants t o t be i r f c e He wou ld mai ntain the ri ght or di e . They v i ewed 0 1r hero nearly ri gh t And saw h i s ferv or r t s i ng hi gh i Apost a tes th en p repa r ed to fight , Pot one as wil i g the n t o di e . �- 5- Th ey sent off to a distant t o~ n Al 1 a ct i on. t h en th ey seemed to ,' ave; A cham·n i on by the name of Brown }~et 'V i th them all a t Russel>s 0 , v e . Th e Pa tri ot Clay addr eQ ed th em a 1.t His foes e re t h ere mong the res t ; The bul y sent a pist ol ba l l hat struc k direct aga i nQt hi Q b r east. Did not some 1.m known poiver most hi ~hJ me d.o not cl ea rly und e rstand, The nobJ.e w s not b orn to die Py pi Qtol Q in a tr ait o~ s hand ? Di d h i s ryreat sil ve r p l at ed kn if e By some p eculi a r forces call De a th's me pcenge r and s c1 v e hi s life By a r d i ng of f t he pi st ol b _ll ? Cl ay ui ckly spr ng up on the gr o1Jnd, 01.1.l d re pe l i The tr a it or P s catt ered a l l a r ou nd, The chrmu ion in one in st ant fell . 1 1 hi s opnose r s Br avadoe s kept out of hi s vAy Awh il e th At a ct ion set t l ed str ife ; They kne , tf t hey a ss ul t ed Cl a y Tha t o eat least ou ~ pe ril h i s l i fe . He spre a d h i s f a ith i deas be f ore Kentu cky~ Sons e Te t hen ent h r a l ~ He cas t his li ~ht a r ound t h e mor e And ple for e qua l ri :;rht R to all . e tr v eled th rcugh t e strte al . e Mi d al 7 Kent n ckyl , dn ring b r aves, And to d th em Al the tru th no kno n hat th ey e ~t: n ar tly he l d . s sl av es . ._,l av e ho e rs1 fe a r s cf hi m were le es, Th ey he ld th e Legi sl a ±ve Hall Till h e est abli shed. bis grea t pre ss To advo c te t h e ri gh t s of a ll . The 'True Ameri c 2.n wa 8 t hrown Abroad and wae r e ce i v ed ith pri dei The fre edom of the p r ess made known The subscri nt ion still extending wide. �- 6- The f riends of Sl ave ry then a r os e Their h ir eli ngs to o with honor le ss ~ Then did unite a ll fre edom"s f oes For t o destr oy t he le gal p re ss . Th ey knew th c1 t slav e ry soon r.mst die If th ey admi t ted me nt a l li gh t ; They drew the sword with vengeance h i gh Gainst th a t great adv oc ate of ri ght . By br utal force they str ove t o swa.y And si nk th e c oun t r y in di stress ; Firm and unsh aken still was Ol ay Pleading f or fr eedom of the press . I n Au gu st Ei ght een Forty- Five This cl an of la.w1. ess men arose ; Th ey then p r epa r ed themselves to dri ve Before t hem alJ who wo ld orm ose . Five Hu ndred desperate wr en~ful men ssumed exclus iv e ri ghts most hi gh ; Such wou l d di sg race a robber's den , They shoul d by l aw as pi r ates die . They call ed thems e lves a body grea t And said t heir pur poses were pure ~ o drive from old Kentu c ky St 2te The press t h 0t they c oul d not enclur e . OJay met that body f ac ~ to face In wor rs li k e theee i nquir ed the cause -:. 1 ' Have I at any ti me or pl a ce Transgressed my Coun tr y ' s hi ghe r laws?J1 Mid th nt vi le wr a th fu l clan alone Clay went rega rdle ss of his fate , And s aid your act s are all unknow n To law s of na ti ons or my St ate . The mob di spe r sed to mee t once more And the n t hey di d appo int th e day ; t hey spe cifi ed the hrn1r at fotir To t ake t he t ype and p r ess away. Before th ey took t he pr ess away They tr i ed by thre a t eni g t o affri ght 1 And sen t a no t e to C. M. Olay For to "'li.rrender up h i. R ri g:ht . �- 7" ,, 4 . Your n re s s sRi a t hey w 1 J 1 sur e ly rai s e An i nsu rre c ti_on tin du r l a:r:ic'I. , And li ~ht this c oun t ry in a blaz e Th a t we nor you c ann ot comm~mn :• Th ey or dered Ol ay his ri ghts to give T o th em and with dish onor c ower, I f he r efused he sh ould not live AR they t hen held sufficient p ower . To the se t yranni c me n of stri f e Ol ay t hen returne d a sha r p r e ly : " I wil l abandon wit h my life Ji t h a ll my l awful rj_ fthts I'l l d i e . " Go tell your s ecret l aw les s clan Th a t p r o1P ] nd r a v ag e day and ni ght., Th Rt C. M. Clay l R not the man Who wi.lJ sur render u p one ri ght . '' Go t o y our da r t cl and esti ne d en Of Tobb ers of a n ord e r low Wh o wou l d de s troy th e r i g:h t s of me n And civil laws a J.l ov e rthr ow. " Tel t hem th a t Cl a y ill nev e r yie l d And let th em tr amp l e down th e l a r sJ At home or in the b attle fi e ld I will defend my Country's cau s e . k Clay ' s dari ng note put t hem t o fli ght ; That man c a n n ot be made a slave , We know tb e rasc a l love s to fi &·ht ' Je a ll remembe-r Ru s se l' s Cave !' Th e robbe r s to oK n o p r e r s the da y They app ot n te d f or to rob and ki 1 1 , The y met no more tt11 af ter Clay ' With fever was sev e re l y ill . In August on t he e i ghteenth day Bi s lif e ' s puls e s ti] J was ~ink i ng leE s , The mob t hen ca me and t ook mira y And -ou t a st ay to fre e a om ' e n r ess . 1 1 hope i s lo s t , t he p re ss wa s dr i ven Away i n t o a sis t e r s t Pte , A weQte of bl ood by he roe s giv e n To mak e our country fr e e an. cl g re a t . �- 8- The p r ost r ate he r o soon a r os e And a t vile tyr nnts hur l ed isgr ace ; battled with a ll freedom foes And c a ll ed them tr a it or s t o t he ir face . He Through thirt y yea r s , Ha r ~ hea r h i s cries ; uFo r a l l who wilJ defe d t he c, use My c oun trymen arise , a rise , Ana· r a i se your unde r trodcle n law s . " Ri se and rest ore th e p r ess or so on By mast ers y011· wil a l l be l ed ; The rights of man ltha t p r i cele s boon, I s lost 'for wh ich our fat her13 bled . '' Kentucky; will you st and and se e The on.y wa tch of huma n r i rh t , All th a t c an keep a n a tion fr ee T or n clown and rnmred b eyond our s i i;tht? '' My cou ntrymen, you wi ll not y ie ld You r ri frhts i f you will tr a c e with -pride You r line age back 'on every field 'tlll'h ere your heroic fa t hPr s died . '' Qur f 2th P:r s blood cement ed ti 2:ht Bul w r k h - a gainst the Mother Crown, Th a t d id secure to us this ri f ht Tha t tr ai tor s now ha i¥e tr am-:;l ed down . " Once more I cr.111 , now is the hour To stay this ~re a t rebe lli ous cl an ; Le t us -unite, we have the p owerJ We c an r e s t or e the ri gh ts of man . " Wi 11 you bend the · kne e and c ore r To th a t cl and estine band of kna v eQ ? Now be f r ee men, you h a ve the po er, Do not submi t and f a ll as s la yes . '' You have lo s t t he 'brood of parent s hi gh, I f yon dese rt me in d i st re ss , Alone in tr .itors hand s to die Wh o r obbed and .t o-ok away the p r e ss / ' Then 1Wi l.liam Owsley in one hou r Cou l d , i f k~n l y h ad t he wi 1 1 1 Being- cl othed wt th all th e ler·a l powe r, Hi E: duty then would n ot fill . he �-9- And et tn b ' s eterna l shqme He ould n ot h2r1<en to our c .: i ll ; Diegraced his once e clted name He sat ::-nd saw his count ry fa ll. Thrnn?h b ' e ne~ ect they did succP,ed _ o ou , t by hi rr hey met anDlauee; 1 My Count r y must in future bleed For all h er v iol ate l ars . Hark n ow and he .r the doleful knel l : ''"F re ed om was cl ain by men of strife , The pre s s ,the g re 8t psJlad ium1 fel l Th Pt ~1e r ded an ure ~erv ed h .r life . ~Theee guj_ l t y men who . robbed t he nr e s s Ar e pa i nt ed as t 1ey were before ; ~e seet in va i n to fi nd redre s s Un til we .can the law restore . . '' y OU now a re d o ome d , i t i s t o o · 1 a t e , You cr ouch ed· and. l et the ty r ants r et gn ; You c ould but . ou d not sav e the st ate, No you must suff er thr l l dom'.. pai n . '' The direful pa ng i s- su r e , be cap se You would not nut the r Pbe l e d()wn ; No r ould ma i. t:::lin your ount ry's l a rs, You mus t endure t h e ty r ants frown u The li fe l e ss f orm of f r eedom lies MGn g ed bene a t Ea r th~ t u rb id m d; '' 11 . . . c,., e w1 . ara 1n re•1ve a~ d r 1ee And et Pin the arth VJi th tyr nts' b 1 ood . " Th e -rene gadee h a ve won by mj_e?·h t · A vi6to y OVP,r me al one; St t 1 I i 7 neve r cease . to fi ght Till juet i ce ilJ re~ i n the t hrone . " I f this lov ed Country.., firmly b ound Fa et b r ou r F~ther s ' blood and woes, ,I s l ost , I ever i 11 be found Contendinf v ith a l l freedo~c foes . '' If hum an ri ght s "Ive v a l ue hi &;h Muet f ;:i l l , le t s fa l l like soldiers b r ave; A -:p'? trt ot wo11ld · r a th er die hc1n l ive and be a serv ile slave . "My count r ymen , I ca 1 af a in On you t o joi n the ~ i s e and brav e, And bur st sunde r eve r y ch a i n Thct nor enthra l l s you as a Qlave . ) �-10''Lo ok where the noble dead r e 1aid Wh a t or name~ts eu r rounds e a ch grave / Clouds of disgrace forever shade The resti ng pl ace o~ ev er y slave . ,, On e senten ce more t hen I am done ; I f I c rm:no t my Country cave , Look he re my countrymen is one That never ca n be made sl ave .u Kentucky heard hi s great a ppeal And fell from manhood after 11 Down low beneath the tyr nt 's hee l , My countrymen , Oh wh a t a f 11 ( These fallen men then d i d betra y A trust no ot her i s s o high ; They le f t the b a ttle f i eld with Cl ay 'l' o fi f?·bt~r t hem a l one or di e . The ye a r Ei ghteen and Forty- f ou r Fre e men i r al] the St te s arose , Then Cl ay, as c ulled un on once more . To b ? ttle w~th hiP Country ' s foes . Hie mi ssi on as to J<i.nd e l igh t And ke e p t h e Southern owe r ?t bay, In t ha t great presi den ti a l fi ght . i t h J ames K. Polk and He nry Clay . The friende of fr eedom ware. t oo sm~.11 To snve t he St 2te s from shwery1s helli Polk w sele cted after all , Then cursee on t he Country fe ll. Cla y rn r ned the Coun try a l l a round Of th t mos t d i r e£ 1 s . d ev en t , Th a t sl ave r y would soon be unbound vheri Po11< became the Pre s ident . 0 When Polk assumed the natiorrs th rone Fre ed om's gr e t emblem seemed t o c o er • h•fill ions i.n sha cYle s t hen did gr oan," Our Countr y Jost t he bal ance p ow er . In Eighteen Ou r boundry Texas ,A gre 1/!la s t o th is \ For t y- si x t hat da te th e n WAS lengt hened wide , t 0 1 , v e holding Stat e , ' union firmly t i ed . �- 11- That did increa se the Southern p ower 0 n ould this gr e a t uni on rend in t wain, T_ ey ke p t · n vi ew th at dr e a d ful h our 'hen fr eedom would her ri 12"ht s re ff·::i in . Cl ay clea rly pointed out the s trife Tha t Texas would thi s Coun try c auee : A use Je ss wa s te of human life And di s r ev,n d for n a ti ons l aws . ,, If we we r e in t he ri gh t ind e ed The battlef ield wou ld be my n ri de/' Sa id he , "My Coun try no1J1r mus t bleed To sn re a d t he sum of curse s ri d e:' Th a t causeless war he di d OPpose his command ; Hi s eye was 0 n h is Country I s foes At home or i n a fo r ei g n land . •Vii t h all t he power a t Soon a8 ou r coun try s ent a ca ll To h e r br a ve sons for ab l e men, Cl y 22 the f i r et a mong t hem all To shoul d e r a r ms ,was r eady th en. '' r oul d to God the c ause was ri ght " / as h 1. s exp re ssi. on very s t r ong . " Sti 1 I will f a ce the f oe and fight F or my own Country ri f[h t or wron g ." Then tr ai t or s r a i sed a heinouB cry And trie d the patriot to r ene~ Fr om milit a r y h on or s h i gh I n th a t no other d i d excel . The di d p re pa r e ith haste ~nd sent A messa ~e f i lJed ith bitter lies To J ames K. P ol k , t he P re sident, Who di.c Clay ' s p olitic e desp i se . The miss · ve was receive d with t hanks, Tw a s pl a in t o all the Reason rhy : The wou l d r educe him t o the r a nks Whe r e he 11\l'Oulo l ilrely f Fl l l and d ~e . They could not move him f rom t he ay Of Tl gb t ; t hough tr a itor s did orm oRe, He was c ommissi oned O,=rntain Clay, Then ma rch e d aga in s t hi~ Country ' s fo es . Then Col~ Gaines ,nd Cl ay comb ine d As scou t s t c, se e rch t h rou gh Me xic o, Their pu r p o ses ~ er t hen to f ind ~ ~nna ,t h e mos t not ed foe . ~ Sa/,-/:: �-12hey se rch ed in different part s ar ound , The n ch ange their camp l ate in the ni.ght j The_r t hought they then would not be fo und ut t hen Lave ~a was in ic:l f2·ht . ' At early da n they all awoke Dense y Purr ounded by t e ir foes , Ready to deal the deRdl, stroke To ever y one that woulci opp oE'e . StilJ Cly wold not surr ende r then U:pon no other terme t han r i ght; He di d encour af-e P- 1 his men Be r eady for a deepe r te fi ght . Lavega offe r ed t e r ms of pea ce That would secure them f r om all harm : A 1 hostile actio no must cease; Clay t h en su rr endered eve ry a r m. Th e Cap t a i n Henr. knew his fate , For he 0ad been paroled before i He then woul d not one moment wa i t , r oke throufh the r anks, wae seen no mo r e . Tha t sltght disor de r by th e men , Thoup.:h not an arm among: t hem found.1 L2vega gave qui ck orders t hen To mu r de r al u n on t he ground . The captives , all we r e sev en ty - one , Al a r med they scattered all round ; Ke ntu cky, t hen your d untless son Sa v ed e,.re ry man upon th e ground . ~ent at Lav ega ' s an~ry c 2ll 'I'wo t hous nc -men r uE?hec l ike F.1 fl c od; Clay ordFre al l h' s men t o fa ll , Then offe re d un his vital blood . Po ti me to a it o e mom ent more , Ha r k hear the sol diers p l a i ntive cry: Cl ay r ised h i e arm with w nt h ands ore Th ::i t he wou l e1 be the fi.r F:t t o di e . As they adv nce~ , Clay b "d t em hal t , He t hns add re ssed LDvega ten : 11 :N ow t ke my life , it a s mv f au l t, Bu t spare t he ha r ml ess capti v e men ." Al l si l ent for one moment .1 then . Thr ee soldierp each wi t h ? li ste ning da r t; Lav efa ordered the ee t h r ee men To send t he lr lanc es throurh hi"' hea rt. �" -1 3- Th r e e lances p oi nt ed nt hi. s face./ c1ay rais ed his h a nd to forbe a r the blow : ''Sue~ murder wou l d your land d i sg race F or wh ich your n oble st b l ood wou l d f low:' Spoke with a sh ri 11 and tran qu il !':lOund, No chang e of . features could they scan1 Three lances felJ. up on the ground., They saw he wa"' no comm on man . G t, 1°11s Then Col.-n .vi ewed h i s manly charms , His crn1nt enanc e all devoi d of f e ar I, He then embraced Clay in his arms nd on him shed a joyful tear . Th at daring and unparalleled ac t He had one moment for to p1an i By al l wa s gran t ed as a fact , He sa v ed the l i fe of ev e r y man . Oh , CoJ•. Gaines , he re we ~ you when Cl a y , your inferior , offered up His vital b lood to s ave his men , Drin~ if he must denth~ b i tter cup ? That mos t exal t ed noble deed Ca~n ot be p ainted by the p en ; Cly of f ered himself up to bleed An d di e to serve a host of wen . Ma rtyr s have o erished a t the stake , For heav enly gai_n they suffe red fir ei He r oes have fell fo r glor J sake And oft en for promot i on higher . Ol ay then was moved by motives pure In th a t g reat heat of sudden str ife ; He knew t ha t death t o all was sure Unl ess he interposed hi s life . Matrons whose s ilken locks are gray And ev e r y other c aptive's wife Will t e ll t h e ir sons that Her o Ol av By brav e r y s a ven your f ather's life·. Vir ~tns wilJ. s i ng with heavenly breath , Muses th a t g e ni us minds wil l pl an : " Ou r Fa th e rs were r edeemed from death By Clay, th 2. t grea t heroic man ." Na t inns unborn wi 11 c a tch t h e choir Transmi t t ed down throu gh ev ery a p.:e, And sing the deed s of freedom ' s si re The Ni ne t e ent h Cent u ry's bri ghtest s a ge . �., -14- Above the Ear th th e notes ~il l ris~ The elements wi l l draw the lay , Then birds ·~il l warbl e in the s'k i es, The glori ous victories 1.,v on by Cl ay . ~oft zephyrs will c onvey with ease Th e s a cr i fi ce th . t he has made , And wi ll be b or ne on eve r y breeze When all on Earth in dus t are laid . ' hen he must fall among the dead · Scul ptor s from nations ail wi ll rj.se For io ete rn ali ze the b~d .he r e th a t g reat soldi e r ·silent lie s . The struct ure ~ s culpt or s raise wi 11 fal l , For monuments must _11 de cay; He ,,,on the g l ori ous ri gh t s f or all That g v e e te~n nl li f e to Clay . When Clay the The ri f ht s of Look out, our • om e Cromwell sen ti ne l of a l l man shall p ass awa y, Count r y then may f a ll may the scent er , S''i'r ay . A c on flibt tr a i tors yet wil l fprm , Not now bu t i n s om e f uture day , To meet th at fea r fu l f ir ey storm We then may call i n v a i n fo r Cla y . � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clay, Cassius M. Collection Subject The topic of the resource Clay, Cassius Marcellus, 1810-1903. Description An account of the resource This is an artificial collection brought together from several different sources. The bulk of the material is in scrapbook form. These were put together by C.M. Clay and cover several different subjects. They include many clippings about C.M. Clay or articles and editorial comments that were published in newspapers and periodicals of the time. Several pieces of correspondence and other documents appear to have been purchased by the Townsend Room staff or donated to the University through Jonathan T. Dorris.<br /><br />Only a portion of this collection has been digitized. See the <a href="https://ekuprimarysources.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/484">Finding Aid</a> for a description of the entire collection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1827-1901 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence, scrapbooks Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Cassius M. Clay Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006-b03-f06-i01 Type The nature or genre of the resource text Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1851 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource poem Title A name given to the resource Illustrious Deeds of C.M. Clay by Samuel Willeford Description An account of the resource A handwritten poem, purported to be written by Samuel Willeford or Wilberforce in 1851; however this version was likely written much later. Dr. Jonathan T. Dorris had the poem transcribed and attempted to improve it at the same time. He believes that the poem is written in Clay's hand. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay poems https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/1c8e7e8b303517f4eee1d13acccb5a12.pdf af5b7af108a9b088fb250758c8458e4c PDF Text Text SPEECH OF COL. ·,v . H. CAP:2:RTON I At Ric hmo nd, Ky. February 7th, 1848 Captaili Clay": As the or g an of your old n e ighbors and friends of your native county, I conr;ratulate you on your return to your home and to your family. This very large as s embly has come out to extend to you a h earty we lcome. 'rhese, your frien d s, never doubted your pa- triotism, or the purity of t h e mo tives whi ch influenced you to volunteer your servic e s to fi gh t the battles of your country. Fro m the momen t you set out for Uexico, they took the deepest int e r e st in your ·1:e l far e, and k ep t a constant eye on your movements . They hear d Hi t h deep r e gret of your cap tivity _. for you t h e s r ea test sympathy. The y felt Long befo~e you vere released from your gal lin g captivity, they heard t hr ou c;..ri your brother captives of y our no ·o1e and s enerous conciuc t tm:,ards your soldiers. 'l1he y have informed us, that at the mos t ci-•ltical pe riod of your captivity, a bloody ord e r was g iven by the co rrJJ.:1ande r of t_he Uex ican forces, ...... _ to put to i ramed iate death t h ose unde r your cornnan.d, and t hat you, with a ma13nanirnity and self-devotion n e v e r yourself a victim to appease t hi s crue l . , c 1 aimeQ, ponsible . . , on It !I n, .11 1r t. i· ~ ·1 1 .1-1,Ld.1e surpassed, presented thirst for blood, and ex- . me n, t' ~ney are irmoc e n t , I on 1 y am r e s- And t h ey heard, t o o, sir, t ha t ·1 ,ith ren arkab l e pro mp t- ness and p r esence of □ ind, you orde red your me n :t_o~ p__r_9s tr_ate them- selves upon the e;round , and that this order ha vin g been promptly o beyed , enabled y ou to interc ede , ri th the I.1exican co rmnande r so as to save your own life a n d that of your soldie rs. /, (-;:,.fe.rt:ovi and h/s so;-r J)'.,; vv'l!J't /h'o 111/,,c.,1l k,e11+.u,c.k 1,i 11~ who who 'Spof-..c,,, a ,,d vo t,,,cJ fo ,r f,. _./m,.cln ,;1 / 'r:?,o, :J:7: D, w ,;,--c, ;..,,0,,17 f-/,,,_;31,,;, ,'11 /r e.11-t,t,1.c..k,1 �2 This conduct of yours, this self-devotion, challenges our highest admiration, and has electrified every patriotic bosom in the whole country. This sint:;le act, as great as it wa s, does not stand alone, as we are informed by your fellow-prisoners. They inform us, that you shared your puPse Hi th them; then sold your rrn1le , and your horse, and divided the proceeds to the last cent; and then, sir, that you shai'ed=· your clotr~es vii th your soldiers. Although in thus placing yourself between the rne xican lance and your soldiers, and by these d isinterested acts of kindness and be nevolence to your men , you may :not have g ained laurels as bric.ht and dazzling as those won on the field of battle in stormin g a battery, or leadin 6 out a sortie, yet, sir, they wi ll live lon ge r and fre::il1er in t he m0r:1ory of your countrymen, than any fame acqui i' ed in tl:e hea t and excitement of battle. ,'i h ils t unde::." coing your loa ths or;-ie irnp ris onr,:e n t, your countrymen were g ainin g bril li ant and unparalleled victories over your c ap tors. To be de.i_Jrived of sharing in these stirring events, ~ms , we are sure , chafing to your proud spirit. None of'these great vie toi,ies, hov.-ever , :.."es toreci. you to your li ber'€-y--this you ne go tiated yourself , stipulating wi th the enemy, if the terms you made vrnr•e not confirmed by the co mmander of the American forces, that you vJOuld volu n tarily return a prisoner to the enemy's camp. 'rhey were confirmed, and you a11 e a g ain restored to your fa.r:1ily and your friends . From our lon g and intir.1ate acquaintance, j_t is a source of hi gh gratification to me, that I am t rie organ of my fellow -citizens in extending to you this welcome . In conclusion, sir , I a gain, in r �3 behalf of these, your friends, con gratulate you on your return to your home, your fam ily, and your na tive county. Old Tiladison is prioud of you as one of her sons, an d you are doubly welcome among us. C. l:I. CLAY'S {:0.:PLY Col. Caperton, Ladies, and Fellow ; itizens: I am not inse nsible to a ppr e i. ation frora any p ortion of my countr:rmen , but to be tl:..us rer:e nb :•e d and thus wel comed here in the home of my natl vi ty and yout l:i r:1e deeply and gra tefully. and early rr:anhood, touches But ci ::: b ly grateful, sir, ai-•e these k ind words conin g from one wl1om I ~ ave so long intimately cherished as a sinc e re and abiding f r e nd. If I have bein a mbitious of s ainin 6 you;;_• c onfide nce and e ~ Ge m, my countryr:-ien, my hopes and as9ii1ations are accor:1plis hec.. Between ~ , t he re is no place ~or form and cete uony ; I am prou ~ of of sym:..:>athy and con gr·atulation O.L the heartfelt expressions you who have knovm me longest s.nd best; I am a mp ly rewarded for all the hardships and dangers of the past. Some of you know that no man in America more opposed the i,Iexi can war than I • . But when it Has lecitirnated by the constitutional will of the people--when my country called for help-as a cormnon soldier, I entered the ranks. Unmerited praise is to me the severest censure; I vlill not deny-,- the1"'efore, that v;hilst I was prepared vli th r:iy blanket, ancl tin cup, and knapsack, I expected a higher po sition. I thouE)1t that I had p e rsonal �4 claims upon the Governor of Kentucky, for a field appointment: whilst my ability to fill such a place was, I flattered myself, in no quarter denied. war, I In the discharge of ny duty, in peace or trust that I look not to personal sufferine; with some mortification of spirit, but with unsha}:en purpose, I took post in the ranks. Lieutenant J. s. Jackson, then captain of the 11 01d Infantry, 11 with a rr1agnanimity pf soul ral'ely equalled in all time, resigned his place, and took the ranks: and I was unanimously elected captain. Such self-sacrifice of one g allant spirit, was more gratifying to my ambition than if I had worn the 1)roudest badges of 1101101, that 6 overnor or p1,esident car1 bestov1 upon those who vrnr- ship not at the shrine of truth, but of' power. saw 1;1e cut off from all hopes of That E.mr.1ity which elevation to civil offices, whi ch r~ad des tr-oyed my property, calurr1niated rrrJ reputation, and subjected ny pe1,son and life to le galized outlawry, Has still inss. t :i..a te, and with fiencUsh 1,ancour pursued me still. They at tempted to dissolve rny company, trusting once more to reduce me to the l'anks, v1he1•e they hoped that the hardships of ·t,he c ar;1p and climate, would accomplish what violence l1ad failed to effect, and that death v,ould free them fror,1 one whose vindication of justice and human:L ty had made II a thorn in the king I s side. 11 unheard of', civil opinions military promotion. v✓ ere A thing before attempted to disqualify me for Handbills denouncing me, after the stereo- typed 1;1anner-;- were freely circulated at home, and sent to the Iieads of Departments at ~ashington, to the President, end to the officers of the invading army in l\iexico. �5 Thank s to the g reat-soule d arny of America, suc h conte mptible malice was d.uly estima ted. Befol'e I arrived at San Antonio cle Bejar, Gen. V/o ol had det er rained to detach me fro m the Kentucky r e g i ment, t he n lyin e at Lavac a , a n d destined to Gen. Tay lor's colunm, where it v,a s su p posed t he f igh ting Vias all over, aft e r the battle of I/ton ter e y, an d tak e ,ny co mp any vii th him to Chihuahua. Nothinc but t h e sic};:ness of r:J.Y,. 1,-:E;n at Lavaca pr e vented this desigp. Th e attemp t to prejud ic e me at h o:;1e, by assertin g that I had g one t o San Anton i o, un de r p retence o f a bu f f a lo h unt, to intri gu e with Gen. V✓ o ol, was one mo .r a li nk onl :.- in t h e system of calu:mny, which will pursue me t h rou gh lif e, or . o lon g as I vin d icate the true int ere s ts of Kentucky. When I left t h e re g i me nt at Croc ke tt, t h eir p oint of destinat i on wa s San An tonio! So a l i e c a n n ot always liv e ! At Camar go Gene ral Pat te r s on on ce mo r e offe~ e d , vo l un tarily to tak e my c om.i_Xmy v1i t h l1 i m to '11 arnp ico, Hh ich :i.. de cline d . t rue - soule d ol d sola.ier, Cie n e r a l By my re qu e st, t t .at Tay lor, o!'d ere d r.1e up t ·o the he a d of t h e column at Sa ltillo, ,;h en I vrns put on s,eve r e 6.uty at an a d vanc ed p ost, to watch th e a _) p r o ac h of the ~.e nemy, by Gen. Butl e r. 'l'hu s every c;e n e ral, u n d e r• whose co mmand I came , showed a uagnanirnous d is po s i t i on to allow me , with my very insi gn ificant co rnma.."l d , eve ry po ssi b le c h anc e of d istinction. a g ainst me. :i3ut fort u ne was To r e lieve t he a r my fr om t he d an ge rs and un p l e asant an t i ci p ations of sur p rise, f or i t was re p orte d continually t h at ;::; anta Anna wa s a d v a ncin g in f orc e, the- ga l lant Jno. P . Gai n es vo lun t ee r e d t o f in d the ene my a t a l l h az a rds, i f he was on t he r o a d fro m San Luis ?o t os i to Sal ti l lo. He d i d t 10 t rw h on or onc e �6 more to take me as his command ing ca p tain. render of Encarnacion is to you well-known. The event of the surThe grounds of de- fence, upon which that act rests, vlill be found in my letter to the N ev1 Orleans Picayune. That seventy-one men and officers should hold three thousand regular l\lexican cavalry at bay from lie.;ht till noon, and finally make terms of the most honorable treatment, presents a spectacle of the moral sublime, unsurpassed by the heroism of the bloodiest battles. In sen:iing back Captain Eenry, throu[11 eiehty armed lancers, one hundred and fifty miles from camp, with three thousand enemies in the rear, was displayed a rare feat of individual darin g , and the object of our uission accomplished. Your allusion to my action on that occasion, and the testimony of my fellowprisoners gen6rally, as well as the previous corn.ments of some others. induce ne here to :ee late the exact particulars of that adventure. The soldiers, vi i th Capt a in Danley, and the subordinate o:Cficers, vrnre on f oo t, 1:ia:eching by t wo's. Maj or Gaines, and Borland, Captain Henry, and nyself, were on ho:cseback at the head of the column. - TLe ILexican lancers mounted, Yiare in open files on both sides of the soldiers, vii th a van and rear gua:ccl. Captain II., having been tahen pr isoner at Mier, and having escaped fron the castle of Perote, and be in g :ee co i;nised by the 1,iexic ans, feared that he would be put to death, as the ex 1)edi tion to I.i:ier was dis avowed by Texas. - - - Major Gaines thou [ht there was no danger of his life, but pern itted IIenry to chan ge horses with him, as the two Majors only had been allowed to retain their American horses. Henry also �7 asked my advice: I v✓ as a[;reed wi th him that his life in imminent peril--told him I should be g lad for our friends to know of the advance of the army--but declined ur 6 ing him one vrny or the other in an affair of so much danger. Henry a c reed, at len gth, to run. I told Capt. H. to speak low, as the Mexican lieutenant, I was convinced, unders tood En glish, althou gh he denied all knovtledge of the language. This the lie_.u tenant overheard and re p orted it to Col. 3ambranino, the co rrL.""lland inc; officer of the 0uard. He im- me d:i-ately ordered i:le ssrs. Gaines and Bo rland, under a strong Q1ard, ahead, uncov er ed his pistols, and commanded the 6u ard to open t he ranks, so as to be out of arm I s reach of our men. Seeing t he ir preparations, we suppos ed the time had cone for Capt. H. 1 s death, and he , rid.in s down the ranks, under pretence of afi"anging t h e men by tviOs, accordint; to order, gave s purs to his horse , and escaped. The Colone l supposed that we were plot- ti ne; to I'ise upon the guai' d , and Henry I s runnin g , confirmed him in t he opinion. Ee ordered t he lancers to charr;e: which they promptly obeyed--having retired before far enough . to allow some mor.1entum in the adva n ce. I vms alone, and abo-l1.t twenty yards ahead, I rode back and ordere d the ::.nen to lie down, wh ich they promptly did--told the Colonel they were innocent--that I only was res p onsible. He then told three lancers to lance mel One at each side and one in the rear, he with his pistol at my breast, and the lieutenant vii th his sabre also cl.r awn, placed r:1e in no very agreeable attitude. Seeing that--1:;he so ld ie rs were safe, as t hey began to tie them , I ass ur e you that I v✓ as not slow in talk in[; in n y own defence--I avowed that I knew of H. 1 s design to escape-- �8 that I had not a d vised h im one way or the other--that he had a ri 6 h t to act ind e p endently, and, by the laws of war, I could not be responsible for another's act--t h at there vms no intention to rise u p on the 6·uard--that to kill me would be rrurder--that I was of noble fami+Y at home--and that my death would be amply avenged by my countrymen • Believin g , no c.ioubt, f1~om my manner, that I told the truth, they spared my life. 1'hey tied □e for a few mor.1ents--then released me, ·,1hen t h e Colonel e1Jbraced me, and asked. ny p ardon for the ind i g 1i ty. They released the oi' f lce r s who were on foot, and also tied that ni gh t, but ke p t the soldiers tied for two days longer. mv '.I'hat t h e lives of my command were s aved b_;z/p'f. e sence of w.ind, and frank confession, I h onestly believe. I a dmit, to use the lan11 gua ge of my friend, Col. C~_s, t h at if st o o d in great boci ily a ppre hension." 1 was not scared, I But, to be serious, what- ever fears of death I mi d1 t h a ve had, I a□ ou twei ghed my sense of tr-u.th ancl justice. p rou d to say, never :.'iJ:::.atever, then, my enemies shall de du ct from my coura ge, they must pla.ce to the cre d it of my sup erior moral powe rs, and become,unconsciously, my loftiest eulo c ists. Our long and painful march to San Luis Potosi, and thence to Mexico, our i mpr isonme nt, and final release, are well-1-::novm. It is but just to the Mexicans to say, that in allowing our sol d iers ei ghteen C8nts a ~ ay, they s ave t he m the same that they g:t·re~ the ir ovm soldiers, v,ho d o not require half as much .food-- as--ou11 own n en, whilst our being stran 6 ers pre vented us f rom buying as much f ood, with the sar.,e noney. 'l'he har c:i.sh ips of th e route �9 through the desert, were shared by their own soldiers. In a word, there were many instances of Spanish generosity during our captivity, and our hardships were not u n reasonable, when we reme mber t h at their own men were starving, in the defence of their homes and their religion. That Santa Anna was sincer e l y courteous and full of fair promises, as he Yias 1-soing on '\to c ri ve Taylor over the Sabine, 11 see ms natural: that he should ha ~ e broken all his en5agements with us afterwards, can only be a ~counted for tipon the supposition that he wishe d to hold us a s hosta ges for his safety, in case he fell into our hands. 'I'L e Governor of Mexico, at Toluca, is entitled to our lasting grat i L1 de for sendin g us to Scott on parole, the man Hho coul ci thus t J.' -1.s t oth ers, is hims elf, of nece ssity of a c reat and noble soul. In g ivin g public 8X j) ressio n .. of thanks to Gen. Horth, for his solicitude in our be h alf, we j id not intend to reflect upon othe1 officers, some of whom di ci d isplay the sa11e 1 us. 11 emembrance of So f'ar as I was concerned I d id not blame Gen., Scott for any dereliction of duty. It was n ot to be sup-posed that the C-ener>al-in~chief had much time t o thi nk of the release of a few hundred men. His failure to men t ion Santa Anna's breach of the ninth article, however-, was to u s a sore mortification. Although his efforts for our liberation we re such as, perl1~ps, are usual in such cases, it seemed to us, who were continually threatened with assassination, tlJ.at we were negrected: and it was some con- solation to our pride to lmo·N that to ourselves only we owed our own liberation at last. �10 I have thus ventured here a mong you, my nei ghbors and friends, to indul ge in t h ese personal adventures; because, v1hile on the one hand I am unwillin g to receive cr od i t fop more than I deserve, on the other I have done too little in the military way to submit to unjust d etraction. An d just ice to my noble companions in arr.1S leads me fr e ely to declare, t h at they who died in the s wa mps and d eserts of Texas, in the loatlJsorne p risons of l'!iexico, and in t h e dischar 6 e of the every-day ciuties of the cat1p, deserve the same hold on the rnE:nory and gru ti tude of their countryr.1en, as they v;ho nobly laid down their lives on the field of battle. It is no doubt exp ected of me to give some ideas of I;Iexico, and the p resent war. Iviexico extends from a b out latitude 16° north to 42°, fro r.1 the Gulf of Mexico to the Pacific; and was in exte n t, b e fore the loss of Texas, about a s lar ge as the United St a tes. It embraces all t h e cli mates of all the world: and ris0s in tempe rature f:eorn the tropical plains of Vera Cruz an d Acapulco to the Pe g ions oi' p er petual snow. The Rocky moun- tains, which separate us fpom OPe c on, extend throu c,h all t; exico: and her wlwle surface is composed of table lands and mountains, which Pis e in steps from the gulf, and the Rio GP an de, to the hi ghest level; and then descend in regular gradation once more to the Pacific. She has no navi c able stPeams, and the mountains and arid plains co mpose, I 1ihole ter1 i toPy. 1 should irna g ine, nine-tenths of the It is nov, three hundred years since the Spanish c~onquest, and her po pulation has long since Peached that barrier whepe natupe i mposes eternal obstacles to further pro g ress-whepe the vvhole products of the earth are econo mically consumed �11 by the people. No doubt better r,1odes of agriculture would. increase her population , but at present, to use the languase of Malthus , she has I'eached the poin t of subsistence. It is true, that the remote provinces of California and New Mexic o, and those bordering upon the Rio Grande , and subject to Indian invasion, contain some uncultivated la nds; but the proposition, as above stated, applies to the r:iass of Uexico . the g reater portion of the whole For , in . _, republic, women and children may be seen picking up g rains of corn in the highways ; and the rinds of fruit thrown in the streets are i rmnediately seized and consu□ed. So soon as you cross the Rio Grande you feel yourself in a forei Gn land. forests. l.!exi co has no It is true , that alon g the strearr.s and on the mountain tops t he re a1°e trees; but you are struck wi th this gi•eat characteristic, that the lan d is bald of trees. The num(:; rous varieties of the cact u s of all sizes , intermixed with pal me tto, stunted or long grass, covers the whole land. novel color and a strange language. and dogs , seem different . You are among a people of a The very birds, and beasts, The pa.rtridc;e , the lark, , . the b lackbird, clif fer in size an d plumage , and sing di fferently from ours. buildincs are of Hoorish and Spanish build. sheep feed to ge the r. The The goat s and the The bricks a re of clay and straw, sun-dried. The ·,rnmen r;o with eartt.ern vessels to the i'.'ell, just as Rachae l was seen of old in the tine of the Patriarchs of Judea. of the houses are flat and places of recreation: --ue ar sandals as in the l!: ast-, in olden time. a.Y1d herds of cattle, The roofs and the people iiheat, In clian corn, shee;i , and goa ts, and the banana, and red pepper, anci g arlic, and onions , are the principal soln'ces of sub- �12 sistence. The proclucts of' the r;1ines are the principal articles of foreign excha11. ge , added to woods, besides tallow and cochineal. The extrer;:e ciryness of }.Iexico makes irri E:;ation necessary in mos t of the c ountry; and the scarcity of water, and the habits of the peop le, collect t h e inhabitants into cit ie s or villages. The land itself is owned by a few lar ge propr ieto rs; not the l ea st of whom are the priests . The gPe.a t mass of the peo;_J l e are serfs, wi th but few more rights than American slaves. It is true, that the chi l dren of serfs are not of necessity also serfs , but debt b1°in g s slave ry, and the wages allo·vrnd by law almost always perpetuate it. Here , then, is the secret of the success of our arms. I conve rsed freely wi th the tenantry and soldiers in all Kexico , and v1here they are no t filled v: ith :""'eligious enthusiasm against us, they say they care not viho rule them , American, or Lexican masters. If al l the h~exican soldiers wer e freeh olde rs and free- raEm , not one of all the American aruy could escaJe L:•om her bor - c:ers . ri'he soldiers are caught up in the haciendas and the streets of towns, by force confined in soLle prison , or conastery, there d rilled, clothed, armed, and then sent on to the reL,7.llar army. Such me n avow their resolution to deser t, or run, on t he first occasion . Of near a t housand sold iers, sent from Toluca to the aid of Santa Anna a t lviexico, not one hundred stood the battle. The whole people do not exceed ei ght millions, of these about two millions are white and mixed bloo d , the remainde r are native - Indian s. I n ever , in all Mexico, v1 ith the exce p tion of foreigners in the capita l, saw a single white man a t work . Vlherever there is slavery, t here is labor dishonorable ; it is more creditable to �13 rob than to work l in manufactures l Yet llexico surpasses the sla ve states of America As Rome was overr·J.n by the Barbarians , so is 1.-'iexico now by the Americans; the slaves will not fight--the masters are too few to defe nd the country. Bigotry of religion has abased the rnind--the corruptions of the church ha ve o.estr•oyed the :morals of the :;;,eople--the oppressions of' the mas ters have exhauste d the lands. Mex ico is dec reasin g in population and resour•ces. Since her independence, he r revenues are falling off--her village s are ciecayin g--her pub lic works fallin g to ruin. The time for her to d ie has sword--she must peri sh by the sword. come 1 She has lived by the Yet, like Sou th Carolina, she talks lar ge. She whipped Spain-- Spain whipped France--Pranc e t he wo rld--an d of consequence, Mexi co is the mis t r ess of the wo1,ld ! Yet, fifty t housand Ameri- cans conque:r ei ;;ht mi llions of souls! people --t he arrw no·i, be g in to p l un de r The cl ergy p lunder the the clergy --whils t indepen- de nt robbers be g in to plunder the t.:;OVc'!rnnen t, the clergy, and the people. laws. Such is the fearful retribution of nature's violate d .Seeing Texas, tl.:.at it wa s a lov e ly land , ;;~ t ov eted our nei ghbor 's goods --seeing the wea..irne ss of lV:.ex ico, -vve took it by force. ':i.1hough a wh i g , I do not s tanci. here as a par tizan. speak wi th the freedom of history. late outcry agains t I shall I have no sympathy wi th this President Po l k , as bringing on this war . I shall do the Pr eside nt the justice to say, that in all Hexi co I nev e r heard the f'irs t man allege the narc h of Taylor to the Rio Grande , as the cause of of fence, or of the war . I am not going to deba te the wornout to pic of the annexation of Texas--the me lancholy and dis graceful causes t ha t l ed to the consummation of' the �14 iniquity. All Ame ric a knew that foreign t er ritory could not be acqu:i.I e d , except oy Treaty--and a Treaty could only be mac.e by 1 the Senate and Presiden t. the Consti tution: 3ut slavery demanded a sacrifice of it was made t:i:1en, it alVlays has been, and always will be made, so lon g as the slave power rules this nation. In tak in g Texas, you too k the war. So said the Mexican Minister, so said Houston, Presi d ent of Texas, so said conventions of several sovereign stat e s , so said common sense. That actual hostilities mi ~1 t have been avoided by t h e Preside nt, conf inin g the army t o t he le f t bank of the Nue c e s, or to Corpus Christi even, I have n o t the le as t doubt. But the good- natu re d President , no doubt, t h ou ght a little more robb e ry was all right. •rexas clai med to th e Hio Grande. I 1 11 take the Rio Grand e, and t h e n , bein g in poss es sion, v1ill hold it with a peace. ·,frJ.a t \iia s t ho c laim of Texas to the once ~rov ince of L1exico? quest , and. no other . an d no furtL.e r. nally failed • E:ow far di d she conquer? Con- 'ro t h e Nue ces, He r expedi tion to San ta Pe an d 1-Iier , both si g .S an PatI icio is on the eas t 'uan~-<: of the Nueces. 1 I have bee n there nyself --the re i s not a sin gnr house or improvemen t on it s west sici.e l I say , whe n our army r.ia rched into the Il exican te :c"'ri tory, and plante d he r batteries, bear in g u pon the Pl aza of Matamoras, ami d st t he peop le fleeing from th e ir cotton and su gar fiel d s, t ha t ac t ua l war u p on Mexic o. true. the Pre side nt of the Unit ed S tates made Ev e ry man in Ame r i ca know s this to be \/ill a lie live for e v e r? Th e Presi den t, no doubt , usu r ped powe r be lon g in g only to Conr;ress , but Con 6 rass had just us u r ped povrn r be lon ging to the �15 Senate--the Constitution had been overthrown. The nation is cor- rupt--to talk of impeachr.1ent is -,: orse than nonsense. less throw the first stonel Let the gui lt- Th e National Intelligencer ha s found out that li!r. Polk is a d e spot, a n :i. ouI' go v ernment a ciespotism! Indeed! :,i'}·_;_en the lib e rty o f the _i r ess wa s attemp ted to be over- t J:il'O\m in Kentucky , he cl osed .r~i s co lumns to n y d efence, but he allowed a Paris corresponclent ,t o in g t he despotisms of Europe 1 An p olo g ize for the act, by quotnow he begins to find out that t he re is d an ge r of despo tism in t e se S t a tesl Jar -seein g patrio t! Sagaciou s editort Ten t housan C men have been slain--one hun- f.u...,ed mil li ons of money have been pen t--a standin g army of one hun d.re ci t hous and men is asked fo:c - -the pu1•se and person of the revie vrn r ·\· i'alshl are in dan ger 1 \'•i h at sL a 1 be done? Why- -send for l.U'. These thin g s are common i , Europe 1 Bu t we are at war, how shal l we g et out of it? r;1o re land? The ap petite of the c. ·e at slave char:1p ion hir.1self is i lutted at last? into i.J:exico. Nl1y? LTi..... Thompson s a : s that slavs: ry cannot extend The y have t h 0·_, e reached that q_elightf'ul con- d ition, upon whi ch Southern patr i l ts love to d\vell. is at the starvin~ point. fore exist. Do you vvant Free labor Slave - abo r won't pay--it cannot there- lEexi co can I t help us - -she may c heri sh some recollec- t ions of by whom it was, t ·hat s he was robbed of a province as lar ge as Franc e. 'I'herefo re Lir . Ca l houn be g ins to perceive dan ger to our republican institutions l 'l1exas c a nnot- claim -beyond the Nue c es . If r,1o r-e is a cquire d, it is by MY bl o od and treasui,e, by your b l ood and tr easure --it is ours--not one foot be longs to Texas . It is fre~_ terri tory--fre_~ �16 under the Constitution of the United States. proviso . It needs no Wilmo t ~Ji ll t he North be for e ver thus e,ulled . Is she lmave, or fool? Total annexationl po or Mexico, vie wan t VJe want t o extend free institutions over to give the gospel to the miserable he a then 1 Is the spirit of hypocri tical an c'. fiendish propaganclism never to 6. i e ? You ha ve lost ten thous~nd 1:1en and one hundred millions of money , and have possession of s o:.e four or five of the 1:1ost insignificant of the t wen ty-four i ~- x ican states 1 sum? Vlill you wo rk the Have you counted the cost c, :t' this so grea t phi lanth ropy? Can you levy the expenses of t he v,ar fr'om the duties at the seaport s, when c omr.ie rce has cease cl? 'v'i ill t h e mines be ;wrked when plunde r stan d s wi t h g reedy hands to seize t he accunrulations of l abor? \Jill you fo1, age on the 6 :!cn:iy? anothe1, I' eap s? Let me te 11 you , a ll hOl)e s of c.rawin c; r e venue from Ee;dco are delusive . the enemy , co mpel a peace 1 would kill br:i.Etrs. experiment? Will one nan sow , when Levy c on trioution, fo1,a ge, distress A ne i.ghbor of □ ine learned that sheep After a tiuc , I said "Ne i ghbol'.',, how Hen t did you k ill the b1, :i.. a Ps?" · 11 the Oh ye·s--, 11 said he , "but Ehe y killed ~he she~J2 t oo_! 11 If eight nillions of people coul d b e united to us on eq_ual terms, enjoying security of prope rty , freedom of the press and of religion, it night well conpensate for the blood which has been spilt, the desolation of far ms and villa ge s, the pan gs and tear•s of wi d.ow s and orphans, the myr- ia d calamities- which the vmr here and in Uexico brinr;s in its train. Bu t VIi ll it be done ? The past g ives no assurances of' such t h ing s. 'l 'he Sou th has shown �17 no such grea tness of soul; she has not done for the children of he r own soil what she proposes to aliens of other lands. The Nort h has 6 ive n us no such e v idence of independeEce of spirit. She has, on all occasions when a deed of oppression was to be done , be en reac.y to calculate how many coppers it would bring into he r coffers. Give he r the p rice of blo od , and she is always contemptibly tame . A line of defe nce seems full of si milar objections to a war 11 in the vitals" of the country. It would take n e arly the same nur:1ber of troops; de p1,i ve us of the little help vrn may now receive from l e vies upon the enemy, whilst it would allow concent r•ation of their fo1 ces and a ttsck upon us in detai l. A total 1 v.-ithci.ravra l of the army eas t of the Nueces 1 ivor see ms to be 1 pue rile ancl absu:i d. 1 If }.';.11 • Clo.-:,- had taken the g11 ound' of his Lexin c ton s p eech before t he la s t presidential elec tion, ~e mi~1 t lla ve been saved from this -.:a.r. po-..reI' of the nation is Bu t it cor:1e s t oo late. n ow than it \ias then. \ ✓ ea~~er The 1:1oral The lives of ou1 lJeop le ha ve been sacrif' icec:t , our tr easure ha s . been expended. 1 I agree t hat in an unjust wa1 1 own ex_;;) endi tures. , ,,e carmot clain1 ' indemnity for our But then Lex~1. co owes us f:c•orn t hr ee to five millions of rrio ney, on t he old score. She has accumulated upon us robb e ry and insult; and now , v1hen we have the power to ri ght ourselv e s, and all t he e vils of ·Nar are accomplished, v,e nru.st 11 0 row sudde nly " ma g nanimous! - I shall not speak of the b eauties of California, of the por ts of San Diego and San Prancisco ; nor of the south pass over the :iiocky I.'iountains, whi ch l e ads throuch presen t i'.lexican territory; �18 nor of the r:iines of New lf.exico, nor of' the navi c;ation of the Rio Gl. . ande, as inducements to shed blood anci do injustice. But blood having alrea dy been shecl, and injustice alreacly done, I would claim my ri ghts. I contend that the line proposed by t}::e President of the United St&tes , runninc; with the Rio Grande from. its mouth to latitude 32° north, and thence due west to the i,acific, is not t o o much indemnity for wha t Mexico owes. her not one cent. I would for this pay If you wan t to pay her, pay her for Texas. But these p rovinces have never been a sou1,ce of power to her, and never will be . She has not extended to them the protection of the federal gove1,nment; they are subject to Indian attack and pillage; they have few people , and would never t hr ow a ~isturbing force into our councils. ~fuat claim does hlexico set up to them? than conquest? Has she any other Has s he allovrnd any Indian of the country to retain a fee si m:Jle in the soil of their ancestors? ~-ihy , then, show nri1ag._---ianlr;ii ty 11 to t ho se viho have ne ve1' shovm it to othe1,s? I have not now , and never have; had nn.1ch respect fo r' any other claim than t ha t of labor upon the soil. Mexico - can not cultivate this countr•y; v:e ca_n, and will; if not now, he r eafter --as certa:inly as fate. ·:/ill we ev e r have a better title than now? Will we eve1, be in a better condition to assert our will than now? Then why not say, as r,,:r . Poinset t· advises, to I,iexico : "You owe us so nuch money ; you refuse to p ay us; we will take to this line; attack us at your peri l1 11 The present standing aruy is sufficient for the purpose . miss your volunteers, and take secure II Dis- intei>:'Lor posts of defence" �19 and offence. Proceed as you do against the Indians. the line, but in s triki~ distance. armies to the border. Go not to ls>~exi co can never march lar ge 3he has n e ither cori1JJ1issary nor quarter- rr.as ter departments; he r soldiers are paid, and each man finds his own s h elter anci. food by c'..aily pui'cha se or robbery. They cannot make lon g marc hes in lar ge mas se s ; they would not if they could. Such is the course of po licy rec o l!1rnended by t hos e v1ho knov1 them best. Such would I recornoond. :be Nue ces is the western boundary of Texas ; l e t the balance be f'or : :ed into new states--into free states. Texas never conquered a foo t of land beyond the Nueces ex c ept Corpus Chris ti. The rema : :. nder be lon g s to the provinces of ':i.1 amaulipas, Coahu ila, Chihu a L._~ a, and Nev, Mexico. She ha s no D6re ri ~1t to that than she h as t o the Feder al district of the Un it od States , or of t he Llexi ca:1. republic. Slavery ouj:1t not longer to be fed a t the expe n se o f the honor , the liberties, and the blood. of this republic. l8i1c.ed in6.ee d . 11 Th e area of fI'e edom" is to be ex- Can t nu.st at l&s t h6.VG a.ri end. The free mill i ons of thls contin en t will not be tL. e haclrn of slavery for e v e r. hand of ciestiny is upon us; t:exi c o is not ours- ~as yet. The The time wi ll however cone when our republ ic will s p read over the who le continent. The Texan preceo.ent of Congressional annexation, will, to the slave states pr ove a tvw edged sword. E very national crime, like individual sin, must meet its penalty, and slavery will find at l as t its grave in the land of its promised se cu1'ity? - The majority of this people made this war jority are now, it is said , a g ainst it. le g itima t e ; a ma - By wha t theory of re01b- licanism is the ?resident allowed to carry it on ? Sha ll we never �20 cease to believe , that the world wa s made for Caesar? 101• ever as l-: wha t wil l the President do? much subservience to nen in all p ai,ties . Shall we For my µar t I see too I will allow no man to ciictate to me wha t I am to think or v;hat I am to do. I re g ard the grounc:;. of l.lr . Clay as too narr ow for a great party to stand upon. Let no man assume the prerogatives of Congress. Let the circums tances of the war dete~mine its mode of termi n ation. If I will not allow Mr. Clay to g ive ne my po litical opinions, far less v1ill I submit to the dictation of an irresponsible clique to ',vhip me into the support of men . \"!hen I e;,o into the Presidential canvass I want to win. I don't want a u an tie d hand and foot and shorn of his strength, for my c:i::arnp ion. Give me an honest man , a sensible man , ·who vlill let me think for• myself, a nd cai•ry out my mature· judgment, as it is indi cate d by a Congress fresh from the pe ople--if such an one can b e founcl --he is my r:ian for president . Old part hacks , ·i,ho have life estates in particular u en --pol~.tical parasites , who live upon the vitality oi' others , may denounce independent men as - knaves and fools , but in ny opinion they viill Rt last go to bed su pperless. I rejoice to think it so . That all party fee lin g or p arty or c anization will be broken down in the next canvass, I d o not exp ect or believe , but that new eleLlents of vitality and patriotism -,; ill be infused into the c encral go vernment I h e artily hope . ~ ✓hat if those who sought political ca pi tal by the war, s hou ld be o verth r own at last by- or1e whom the ma d el Surely t Lel'e is r·e tri bu tion e ven in this world l ~~ has �21 I have thus , fe llow-citizens, glanced at some of t he stirring t o p ics of the times. I have spok en bol d ly and honest ly. In this c.ay 1 s manifestation of approbation of' rny con duc t you impose upon rr.e new obli g ations to stand by the ri gl1.t in ti mes to come . The ti me is at hand when , \Jhatever of patriotism. and manliness of t hou ght the re is in your state Y, ill be severely tested. I trust I will ever be f ound tr y ing to ,. do r.,y whole duty . I thank you , ladies, Colonel Caperton , and fellow-citizens, once more , and bid you adieu. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clay, Cassius M. Collection Subject The topic of the resource Clay, Cassius Marcellus, 1810-1903. Description An account of the resource This is an artificial collection brought together from several different sources. The bulk of the material is in scrapbook form. These were put together by C.M. Clay and cover several different subjects. They include many clippings about C.M. Clay or articles and editorial comments that were published in newspapers and periodicals of the time. Several pieces of correspondence and other documents appear to have been purchased by the Townsend Room staff or donated to the University through Jonathan T. Dorris.<br /><br />Only a portion of this collection has been digitized. See the <a href="https://ekuprimarysources.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/484">Finding Aid</a> for a description of the entire collection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1827-1901 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence, scrapbooks Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Cassius M. Clay Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006-b03-f07-i01 Type The nature or genre of the resource text Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Caperton, William H. Clay, Cassius M. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1848-02-15 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource speech Title A name given to the resource Col. W.H. Caperton Speech and Cassius M. Clay Response Description An account of the resource This is a typed transcription of a speech by W.H. Caperton given upon Clay's return home from the Mexican War, as well as the speech Clay made in response. These documents give a lot of insight into Clay's role in the Mexican War. (This typescript came from the Dorris Museum Collection and the whereabouts of the original is unknown.) Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clay, Cassius M. Collection Subject The topic of the resource Clay, Cassius Marcellus, 1810-1903. Description An account of the resource This is an artificial collection brought together from several different sources. The bulk of the material is in scrapbook form. These were put together by C.M. Clay and cover several different subjects. They include many clippings about C.M. Clay or articles and editorial comments that were published in newspapers and periodicals of the time. Several pieces of correspondence and other documents appear to have been purchased by the Townsend Room staff or donated to the University through Jonathan T. Dorris.<br /><br />Only a portion of this collection has been digitized. See the <a href="https://ekuprimarysources.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/484">Finding Aid</a> for a description of the entire collection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1827-1901 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence, scrapbooks Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource News Clippings and Abstracts Description An account of the resource News clippings written by or about Cassius M. Clay. Topics the Mexican War, politics, emancipation, free trade and the True American, to name a few. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Cassius M. Clay Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1845-1888 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource news clipping Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006-b03-f13-i04 Cassius M. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clay, Cassius M. Collection Subject The topic of the resource Clay, Cassius Marcellus, 1810-1903. Description An account of the resource This is an artificial collection brought together from several different sources. The bulk of the material is in scrapbook form. These were put together by C.M. Clay and cover several different subjects. They include many clippings about C.M. Clay or articles and editorial comments that were published in newspapers and periodicals of the time. Several pieces of correspondence and other documents appear to have been purchased by the Townsend Room staff or donated to the University through Jonathan T. Dorris.<br /><br />Only a portion of this collection has been digitized. See the <a href="https://ekuprimarysources.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/484">Finding Aid</a> for a description of the entire collection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1827-1901 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence, scrapbooks Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Cassius M. Clay Scrapbook, No. 2 Description An account of the resource This volume contains a variety of news clipping that are primarily associated with politics, and the campaign of 1880 specifically, plus a series of four articles from Dec 1880 that are entitled Railroads; Common Sense and are signed CATO, White Hall, KY. The other clippings range in dates from 1848-1884. There is a printed copy of the Address of the Cuban Charitable Aid Society, 28 Jan 1870 and a handbill "To The Public" that is signed Capt. Split Log and deals with some violent street incident that took place in Lexington, KY in Aug 1845. The majority of the news clippings appear to be letters to the editor from C.M. Clay that have been published, articles about him or speeches by him that were later published. These clippings have been pasted on the pages of an account book but the nature of the accounts is not clear. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Cassius M. Clay Collection Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1844-1885 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource scrapbook Language A language of the resource eng fre spa Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006-b01-f03 Cassius M. Clay Kentucky Historical Society slavery https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/47fd36fa56c833e9b5bc798e9b67b207.jpg 13755eb2c60fd744fc265dec4e7b083a https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/317ede43f6449df3b5a1c4d278ed2524.jpg 5e1dc0f4dcdbfd157bfb33f8948c81c7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clay, Cassius M. Collection Subject The topic of the resource Clay, Cassius Marcellus, 1810-1903. Description An account of the resource This is an artificial collection brought together from several different sources. The bulk of the material is in scrapbook form. These were put together by C.M. Clay and cover several different subjects. They include many clippings about C.M. Clay or articles and editorial comments that were published in newspapers and periodicals of the time. Several pieces of correspondence and other documents appear to have been purchased by the Townsend Room staff or donated to the University through Jonathan T. Dorris.<br /><br />Only a portion of this collection has been digitized. See the <a href="https://ekuprimarysources.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/484">Finding Aid</a> for a description of the entire collection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1827-1901 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence, scrapbooks Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Cassius M. Clay Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006-b03-f02-i05 Type The nature or genre of the resource text Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1840-08-02 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence Title A name given to the resource Sally Dudley to Cassius M. Clay Description An account of the resource Clay's mother writes to him expressing her concern and sorrow over hearing that he was to be involved in a duel and informs him of the consequences that God will bestow upon him for disobeying his law. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/8106948276231089054d345fcf134781.jpg d094a8ebba511b03fe0087617d1fd0b8 https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/387d7823f66f2e60719d8ace1c996b08.jpg 35b57b2c825e790c24df0165998ccafb Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clay, Cassius M. Collection Subject The topic of the resource Clay, Cassius Marcellus, 1810-1903. Description An account of the resource This is an artificial collection brought together from several different sources. The bulk of the material is in scrapbook form. These were put together by C.M. Clay and cover several different subjects. They include many clippings about C.M. Clay or articles and editorial comments that were published in newspapers and periodicals of the time. Several pieces of correspondence and other documents appear to have been purchased by the Townsend Room staff or donated to the University through Jonathan T. Dorris.<br /><br />Only a portion of this collection has been digitized. See the <a href="https://ekuprimarysources.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/484">Finding Aid</a> for a description of the entire collection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1827-1901 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence, scrapbooks Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Cassius M. Clay Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006-b03-f02-i04 Type The nature or genre of the resource text Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1833-11-23 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence Title A name given to the resource Sally Dudley to Cassius M. Clay Description An account of the resource Clay's mother informs him that she regrets living so far from him, asks him whether or not he wanted to retain her slaves, and tells him not to worry about the money he owes. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/9722a86d9eee6eee2a9946ddc0920c2b.jpg db88a713955dbc6aa8abc9c393991059 https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/e0b0778cda96e2ee1034708187573845.jpg 626e4454b1f9d554d9b142d2e56505ac https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/3e7ace6edf6840cd740030bd2a7c10e6.jpg 98bcc10e700e95ef699ec260f3e51256 https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/80eabf44c4335aa7e3e32c9b55409d4a.jpg 4ff3efc9a26b23f5944f625804cf1438 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clay, Cassius M. Collection Subject The topic of the resource Clay, Cassius Marcellus, 1810-1903. Description An account of the resource This is an artificial collection brought together from several different sources. The bulk of the material is in scrapbook form. These were put together by C.M. Clay and cover several different subjects. They include many clippings about C.M. Clay or articles and editorial comments that were published in newspapers and periodicals of the time. Several pieces of correspondence and other documents appear to have been purchased by the Townsend Room staff or donated to the University through Jonathan T. Dorris.<br /><br />Only a portion of this collection has been digitized. See the <a href="https://ekuprimarysources.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/484">Finding Aid</a> for a description of the entire collection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1827-1901 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence, scrapbooks Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Cassius M. Clay Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006-b03-f02-i03 Type The nature or genre of the resource text Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1831-12-17 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence Title A name given to the resource Sally Dudley to Cassius M. Clay Description An account of the resource Clay's mother expresses that she and others are glad to hear that he is safe, thanks to the Lord. She talks to him a little about religion, who is getting married to who in the town, the misfortunes of some in the town, and the general news of happenings since their last correspondence. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/3283cdf63854c69d48a5a6958c1cb496.jpg 457d0441f8bc36891669332710e12b47 https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/978cba4643aa1182616e52071aab7e4c.jpg 0b6be0f4f573f229ca969078e80255bc https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/e89adc8f69f42a0e6bf43af87b140e0d.jpg 4f04889d659037fd1bd179fcc44233e5 https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/1601e04982a33dc1dd7bf8255d3eb790.jpg 6e56d3e8a5eb6204012870b214dea31e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clay, Cassius M. Collection Subject The topic of the resource Clay, Cassius Marcellus, 1810-1903. Description An account of the resource This is an artificial collection brought together from several different sources. The bulk of the material is in scrapbook form. These were put together by C.M. Clay and cover several different subjects. They include many clippings about C.M. Clay or articles and editorial comments that were published in newspapers and periodicals of the time. Several pieces of correspondence and other documents appear to have been purchased by the Townsend Room staff or donated to the University through Jonathan T. Dorris.<br /><br />Only a portion of this collection has been digitized. See the <a href="https://ekuprimarysources.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/484">Finding Aid</a> for a description of the entire collection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1827-1901 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence, scrapbooks Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Cassius M. Clay Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006-b03-f02-i02 Type The nature or genre of the resource text Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1831-05-30 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence Title A name given to the resource Sally Dudley to Cassius M. Clay Description An account of the resource Clay's mother tells him about her new husband and how good he is, how people in the town are faring, how she likes town more than she thought and how some of the relatives are doing. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/c23852659226401a9371994c20e7872d.jpg b9948229a0d60f7e4053183e53a12d33 https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/30d3193be8483e1e67161d6d36d5f198.jpg 45e6357e4a84d17be58fa88d8ae42b2d https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/0790ae466f34fb99f3914f015aae0da1.jpg 673231e6f483470805bc9d2ec3e1ae24 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clay, Cassius M. Collection Subject The topic of the resource Clay, Cassius Marcellus, 1810-1903. Description An account of the resource This is an artificial collection brought together from several different sources. The bulk of the material is in scrapbook form. These were put together by C.M. Clay and cover several different subjects. They include many clippings about C.M. Clay or articles and editorial comments that were published in newspapers and periodicals of the time. Several pieces of correspondence and other documents appear to have been purchased by the Townsend Room staff or donated to the University through Jonathan T. Dorris.<br /><br />Only a portion of this collection has been digitized. See the <a href="https://ekuprimarysources.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/484">Finding Aid</a> for a description of the entire collection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1827-1901 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence, scrapbooks Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Cassius M. Clay Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006-b03-f03-i01 Type The nature or genre of the resource text Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1831-03-31 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence Title A name given to the resource Eliza L. Smith to Cassius M. Clay Description An account of the resource Eliza writes to her brother stating that she is very grateful for his help during her time of need. She lists everything that Clay has done to help her and thanks him numerous times. She cites her husband as the reason for going broke, and she hopes that he will better attend to his business in the future, provide better for his family, and quit politics. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/57fd4dbb913701d600ac013757b1fb44.jpg c199e9a38805107c503a28d3523ba228 https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/fa3aa377a8e200a48a504228b2b40b4c.jpg 5cb86e250913fe7edcf4b270b9759f36 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Clay, Cassius M. Collection Subject The topic of the resource Clay, Cassius Marcellus, 1810-1903. Description An account of the resource This is an artificial collection brought together from several different sources. The bulk of the material is in scrapbook form. These were put together by C.M. Clay and cover several different subjects. They include many clippings about C.M. Clay or articles and editorial comments that were published in newspapers and periodicals of the time. Several pieces of correspondence and other documents appear to have been purchased by the Townsend Room staff or donated to the University through Jonathan T. Dorris.<br /><br />Only a portion of this collection has been digitized. See the <a href="https://ekuprimarysources.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/484">Finding Aid</a> for a description of the entire collection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1827-1901 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence, scrapbooks Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Cassius M. Clay Collection Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 0010-006-b03-f02-i01 Type The nature or genre of the resource text Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1827-12-17 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence Title A name given to the resource Sally Clay to Cassius M. Clay Description An account of the resource Letter from Clay's mother telling him of his father's cancer and how it is progressing and news of the rest of the family. Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Contact <a href="mailto:archives.library@eku.edu">Special Collections and Archives</a>, Crabbe Library, Eastern Kentucky University for reproductions, rights and permission to publish. Cassius M. Clay