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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Robert Foster Collins (1906-1999) was born in Lansing, Michigan to Frank Noble and Grace Foster Collins. He received his formal education in the public schools of southern Michigan and graduated with a B.S.F in 1928 from Michigan State University. In 1929 he obtained a M.F. degree from the Yale Forest School of Yale University. <br /><br />After a stint in the military and other forestry related jobs he was assigned in 1953 as forest supervisor of the Cumberland National Forest (renamed Daniel Boone National Forest in the 1960s) in Kentucky. During his tenure the Forest Service successfully resisted the encroachment of strip miners in the forest and saw the rise of an active conservation movement in the region. Most of the materials in this collection relate to Mr. Collins' occupation as a United States Forest Service administrator. Of particular interest to the researcher is Collins' research notes and draft of his manuscript on The History of the Daniel Boone National Forest. In addition, there is information about pioneer Kentucky history and material about conservation and environmental issues in Kentucky during the last quarter of the 20th century. Included is a large collection of color slides which Collins took of Winchester and Clark County historical sites and structures and of field and streams and flora and fauna of Kentucky. The papers also contain information about weapons a favorite subject of Collins. <br /><br />Only a portion of this collection has been digitized. See the <a href="https://ekuprimarysources.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/500">Finding Aid</a> for a description of the entire collection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1847-1988 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence, maps, documents color slides, photographs Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource text image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1990A005 Title A name given to the resource Collins, Robert Foster Papers Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Daniel Boone National Forest History Project - The Sublimity Report Photographs Description An account of the resource Original photographs from the Sublimity Forest Community Report. The community was created in Laurel County, KY during the Great Depression. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Collins, Robert Foster Papers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1933-1947 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource photograph Type The nature or genre of the resource image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1990a005-b07-f04-i1 Daniel Boone National Forest Laurel County Kentucky New Deal Sublimity Forest Project https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/589af509c80fbf5829b9ee763f4568a8.pdf c231ee4a0f755794cc38a57c6975bcb6 PDF Text Text HISTORY OF THE SUBLIMITY FOREST COMMUNITY SITUATED IN LAUREL COUNTY, KENTUCKY 1933 - 1947 �0 .5 v.6//m/ly rorerl Cornn7vn1ly 39° I' MILES 50 0 1939 ~~•~ -·"-·-·'sill! ~ I~ ,· , ,s•v,,,. , \:-- _ - i\ ~ _, . . :,.,.,:! .~ .• " ·.:.'.'""~o,( Harh<bu'<\'J· ~ t,.::, wn -.ft;(:.~i;•.-1:'!~'~ ~ ,! ,o \ ' • '.'"'":,·" ., . . ~ ~ trOil}§w ' i)f-~ R. . ~2 f Ki r '"'" ' •", °"" l'"'S''"" , . . , "'°'", • "'.J' ,o"." 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OB I O N - 'i \!,~' " " •e·"• 10""'n<, , WO •• -ni( •• - '· ~"l!.'!lmurr~~," 1, •• $X. • '"""'" ~ , Bo m ~.u'. · " ~ P_n6£ B .I ,,d.' , -- J JJ~ 0 :.i, l,; " . ~ 100 ' - - .L,,,,.......- - -I~ ' " '" ' ~K LCV ' '-._,- R Y -"~~do~ CeN ,--P•n• 890 ~- /hI - 0 83 - _ . ·0V"l\ E , 1.- --..~"~ ""' ~-~ ' l~nd ~To~1 88° "- ;I ~ ,~ 87° 8,6 ° 85° n 84 0 e BASE BY U.S.G. S. �I I ..... filST ORY of t he SUBLI MI TY FOREST comro1~ TY situat ed in LAU.HEL C01JNTY, KENTUCKY By w. E. Hedges l 9 4 7 . �' ( FRONTISPIECE �.:I .r. ' it d r1 [) t t. ' ,, ' .' '1: L- ., \.__ I I j . i I ·1; :j !-1 i. i I �PREFACE -1 The purpose of this report is to gi ve a t rue and i mpartial history of t he Sublimity Fore st Community as a matter of record and hi stor ical i nterest and. i n oruer that the whole picture may be revi ewed in ·retrospect ~nd thereby serve as a. whol eso:n.e guide i n handling futur e situations a.nd proj ects of an unusual nature, especially t hose i nvolving human conduct. Since Sublimity wo.s founded upon t he principl e of pr ogress ive human betterment this is mere ly a progress r eport wi th r espe ct to t he people who were exposed to it, - Prov isions shoul d be made for follovr-up s tudies from time to time to detera ine t he future social a.nd economic progress of the peopl e affected , I ts effect upon t he Forest Service in deal ing with social proble:ms should not be overlooked in evaluating its over - a ll influences . Any prope r appraisal of Sublimity, its management, or the attitude of t he people who we re associated ' with it Eust be in t he li ght of the psychology of t he time . Unproce d1:m ted unemployment and Trant in an era of peace and apparent opportuni ties for l arge agricultura l and i ndustrial product i on caused many to question some of our time honored customs . Being s ens itive to the needs of' the people , t he Government experimented with new socia l and economi c concepts , resettlement being one of them, in an effort to provi de a greator degree of s ecu rity for families with low i ncomos . The mention of i ndividuals and organizations i s kept to t he minimum, cons i stent with t he purpose of t he r eport . The name s of public employeo s a re used only to the extent necessary to show organizationa l authority and control and t he l evel on which t he acts unde r discussion were done . Philadelphia , Pa . April 22 .. 1 94 7 �TABLE OF CONTENTS . _:: f .Subje ct 119.tter __________________________________.______ : : I •:t Chapter ' I . • Subject Preface :: • : p age : l : t Introduction t 2 Authority t 5 : I I t II I I II : : 10 Devclop11ent Preliminary report Land purchase 10 Final repor t, Social and econe,.:ni c j ustification Coopero.tive a £;Te8:7.ent end timber sale plan The He.settlement Area •• Subdivision arKl clevelopr.ient pl:an Construction pl?}Js a.'1d estim~tes ( Settler selection a.~d proj ect direction Action on final report Construction . 10 10 12 13 15 15 15 17 18 s 20 l IV I t : : Ma.-riagement Inst.ructions I nsu:rance Settler Selection l l .• •• : l ': I f V ' : t : : : . •• s : t VI : I .31 .31 .• . 32 32 35 : 52 Social Ser-vic e I Cooperatives&. Cooperation Farming Activities 54 s : LJ_ 42 45 1.7 49 55 .59 f Relations I n-Service relati ons Inter-Sureau r elati ons Public and Press rel ations Labor r elatibns I 63 : : : 63 64 65 : 66 Acco::iplishment : 70 .• In r el ation to land : . 70 f. 70 ln r elat i on to _oc cu:Jant f ami.lics t In r elat fon to the Forest Service s Obj ectivas : t .Maint enance Fiscal Control Rentals Subsi dies Family evaluatlon Forms and Records I : 31 lfa.nageiilOnt Plan Taxes · . : t 71 72 : •• . •• : : . . . �TABLE OF CON'l'EN'l'S :Subject Matter --=-------------------------------~-------: Chspt.er Subj ect Page t t i . I Preface t 1 : !ntroduct:ton t 2 1. Authority !I : 5 I •• IV. •• .• I i Cooperativc agree.1;.ent and ti.rnber sale plan : The Resettlement Area . Subdivision 2nd <evclop;nent pla., Construction plans and est:Lmat~s Settler selection and proj ect direction 13 15 15 15 17 J.O J.O Instructions t . Sottler So l ection Maintenance Fiscal Control Rentals Subsidies Family evaluation Forms and Records Socia.1. Service Cooperatives & Cooperation Farming Activltiea t ; I s : : : I l V •• : t lf..a.nagement Taxes · s • •• Action on final report Construction : : : : 12 llanagement Plan •• . . Land purchase Final report Social and eco10.:nic justification i t t : 10 . : •• ... lO Devclop:nent PreJ.iminm"y report III Insurance Relations I n-Service rela.ti.ons Inter-Bureau relations Public and Press ralations Labor r elations VI : s Acco:::iplishnent Objectives 18 20 .• .• 31 31 31 32 32 35 IJ,. 1i2 : 45 47 49 52 54 . 'r 59 . .• .•· : 55 63 63 In relation to l and In r elation to _occupant famlies : : : In r elation to the Forest Sci-vice 1 s : 64 65 t 66 .. "/0 : 70 : . 70 •• .• 71 72 �1 Chapter Subj ect : Paoe ....: _ _ _ _ _ _t_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _~ ~-- o_ _ _ :.; t VII Liquidati on 76 t : I VIII Conclusions and RecoJrrnendations i Conclu$ions Recommendations IX : 2 : t Appendix Eenure of Occupants (Tabl e I ) Statun of Occupants (Table II) Status of Non-Occupants (Table III ) Uncollected Rentals (Table I V) ... f _________________________ 82 82 87 .• : 9.3 102 Ac-tiv-lty i'ollovd.ng Cccupancy (Table V) Subs0quent activity of t hose who sold : r esettlement l nnd to Government (Table VJ}. l t 79 79 81 10.3 106 Su.mmartJ of r esettlement l av.rs , rules and t : r egulations (Tabl e VIX ) __________________________ Illustrations : : ·•• : s 't 107 : r Sign II III : Line of autho1,•i ty cha.rt Com.11U11i ty Map Farm Rotati on : :Frontfa.oicce: : 9 : : ll : : 14 General Pl an of Sublimity : 16 Type 6A House : Mount ain Fn:-m House : 14 ?..l i f Type .6A House and large barn ! 21 s t Type 7A house : 22 t t .• Type I t t I 2 I ' I : •• •• •• I : z IV t •• 7A house : 22 Sta.i.!•-.·,uy i n Type 7A house : Ki tchen in Type 7A house l 23 24 25 25 26 26 Type 8..\ house s Type SA house .ind s.:.uall barn : Type 9A house Type 9A house and r oot cellar Bathroom in Type 9A hous e Kitc hen in Type 9A house .• s • Road entrance and small barn and root eel~ : Cost t noule.ti on Or g.'.:.ri.ization Chart · : Dia n·s~ of Settl er Select ion procedure : Advisory Committee Chart . : : Occunancy Cimrt : Rental Schedule Co:rnnunity ro .:>.d and 7A and 9A houses Meeting of houseYrlves V : s : Onion Field ,ior~ in Si:;n S'.iop Work in E..."dlibit Shop z : : 27 'Z/ 28 29 · . .. .:,o 33 36 37 40 1.6 56 62 68 68 .. �CHAPTER I U n'RODU CTI ON Subsistence home steads r epr esented the firs t public rure.l rehabili~ t ation attempt in the United States. This pr ogram was begun. in 1933 under the De pa rtment of the I.nterior, Divisicn 01 Subsistence Homesteads, and wa s l ater consoli date d with the progr ams of the Rese ttlement A~~ini$tra tion and the Farm Security AQ~inistra tion. These "Administrations " were esta blished in 1935 and 1937, res pectively, to -continue and enlarge resettleme nt effortso The i nterest of the Congresa 1n r ese ttlemen t and r elated activities is Sl.llml,9.riz ed in Table VII on pa ges 107 to 112. Official int0r est of tho Fo rest Ser vice began on July 31, 1933 with e. letter from Re3ion 9 to the 'iYas hingtou Office ma.king; i nquiry concerning its position with r es pe ct to t he r esettl ement .t'oatures of t he Nationa l I ndustrial Recovery Act whi ch ha d been passed by the Congress on June 16, 1933 ~ • L. F. Kneipp, As sistant Chief, Forest Service, r eferred Region 9 1 s l etter to $R. Y. Stua rt, Chief , Forest Service , wit h t he following comments , n1 th ink we should go i nto this fi e l d as promptly and fully as other circumstances will permit. Such types of planwise combi nations of for est r y and subsistence agricultur~ itlll be ma j or features of future po lie i.3s a.n d. programs ot forestry . --- The best ".Y8.Y to que.lify f'or a small share in the $25,000,00~ would bs to subrn.it a logical and convincing plan. 11 J:lot on ly would I encourage Tinker to submit a plan such as he suggests , but I would ask Kirche r to attempt a similar study and plan in R-7 , and woul d encourage t he other Regions to at l east tentatively considar simila r action .n · The Chief returned t he letter with a memorandum as foll~uss •1 sugges t ·we have Zon and Tinke r work up a project with estimate and on t hat basis we can try to get in .on the $26 ,000,000 'p roject . Perhaps R-7 would wish to work up a similar project and estimate ." • Se~ page 9. �On. April 9, 1935 Mr . Kneipp wrote Regions 1 to 9 a3 follows: "The Divi s ion of Subsi stence Homes t eads of ' t he Department of the Interi or has recently expressed a.n interest in for est-f'arr:istcad c~evel oIEent , -- -T.,ie hignest priority foro st-far.'.l". stcad proj ect would be c-ne havins oti1er indu.stri$S in t he comm.uni ty in o.dd ition to Governl!le nt f orest work and f orest utlliz ntion . "If, subj e ct to the a bovo co:a:ne,nt , eo.ch r egion could, in t he nea r future, S\.u·-vey the situo.tion , s e l ect 4 to 10 proj ects cons i dered to be most cri tice.l, e.nd prep<.i.re de _tail ed r eports on the:n , it might be possi ble to s e cure, {a ) their e.pprcvnl e.nd initiation by the agenc ies conducting such pr oj ects., or (b ) allocations of .funds to the Forest Service t hrough which it could -conduct the proj ects." On April 25, 1935 .Mr. Kne i pp wired t ha Regions s "Reference n1y l etter April 9 - -- Increasing possibility Service will be authorized to execute s uch projects. Desirable to have I)roj s ct reports submitted this office as soon as pra ctic~ble. Wire n~ber of projects upon -y;hich you could submit reports and. minimum pe riod within which re por ts can bo made avuila.b1o this office." * R. M. Evnns, Regior..a l Forester, t elephoned reply on April 26, 1935 that Region 7 coul d su b:r.1it five or six proj,, ct reports in 30 days or loss. On May 15, 1935 'Mr. Kneipp wrote Regions l to 9 as follows: "The exa:ct degree to which t ~,e Forest Service directly will partici pate in t he pro gr ams and pla~s of Resettlement and Rehabilitation under the Emergency He liof Bill duri ng t he fiscB.l year 1936 has nQ-1; yet bo Bn fina lly determined. Director Tugwell has been t _ol d t ha. t the Forest Service could plan , organize a nd c rry out fifty sucn. projects involving COTil!""lunities bearing a direct relationship to National Forest working circles and is tentatively conside ring t hat fi gure; havinQ boen furnished wit ' .tho bes t a nilab lo estimates of the cost or that number of projects. --"It is esti~ ted that 50 proj9cts of this type could be planne d and executed in tho on~-ycar pro 6 r sm . This would cost ~17,237,700.~ • Sea page 9. �During the Spring of 1935 preliminary reports were prepared by Region 7 on the proposed proj e cts listed below. These were subni.tted to the Chief on J tme 3. '• Stnte , Kentucky . : I E:rojoc'i; : i SublL~ ity f'o.rc.st ' Farm Subsi stence Homestead Proj ect I . • liome ' :' •1lfow Hampshire : I 1 I : trial Rehabilitation Project I : ' Warren : :. t I I : , Pennsyl vani:.. ,Virginia 's ,west Virginia ' ' 80 Piney River Farm-Forest s Rehabilitatiop Project : Meola Forest Farmstea d ', Rehabilitation Project : I I l 100 : : l 277 , 40,0 I 150 I : : ' ' : I Mot given : : I ' ' s *320,0 65 I I t 241 , 4 79 l *105 ': . : 69 ' I 466, 800 ' 1 Subsistence Eomestea.d Project I ' ' : - Amonoosuc ' Androscoggin Valley Forest Farm - Indus- .' l Units .. Estimated Cost I I Since the Sublimity proje ct appeared to offer the b3st opportunities for th e proper corrcla tion of fflrm and for~st r esources, it ":/'9.::: tentaively chossn pending f\trthor invasti;;e.t.ions and a c omplete report. * Later r educed to 40 units costini_$105 ,7 68 . .. 4 - �CllAPTER II AUTHORITY The Sublimity Forest Com;nunity wa.3 deve-l oped under authority of t he Emergenc;r Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 (49 Stat. 115 ). The Fores t Service was charged with the development and manasement under the:·/rollowing; author i ty i Administration Order :f/=1 71, dated 1:ay 27, 1936: l 1~ '"Tho Chief of the Forest Service, Department of Agricul hiro , or anyone he may designa te in writing , is authorized to initiate, continue , and complete nll construction work upon those forest communi ty projects which are· being established by tho Resettlement Administra tion in cooperation with t he Forest Service , for which plans have been approved ar.,d funds allotted -''** o "A·cknow1ed.r;ment shall be made i n all releases and reports that t hese forest community projects are a cooperative undertaking between the·Resottlement Administration and the Forest Service of the Uni teq States Department of . Agriculture . 11 The Resettlement Administration was changed to t he Farm Secur ity Administration in the Department of Agr iculture on Se ptembe r l, 1937. The coo perating agencies t hen became the Fnrm Se curity Administration and the Fores t Servi ce. Administration Order :/fl71, Supple~ent 1, dated March 30, 1937: l •1n order to facilitate th~ development and application of a plan of project management for t he for est conununi t-y proj ects of Drununond {Hisconsin ) and Sublimity (Kentucky), the Chief of the Forest; Service c::- his designce , is authoriz ed to cooperate .with t he Administrator of the RA, or his designeo , i n developi ng and applying a plan of JTt.ana.gement, including such i t erns a.s insurance, f amily s ele ction a nd coope rative enterprises , for t hese forast c ommunity proj e cts whi ch are bein3 esta:blis hed by the RA in cooperation with t he Forest Service.• " Administration Order /fl 71, Suppleme nt 2, da ted Ilay 4:, 1937, l nThe Chi ef of t he Fores t Service, Department of Agriculture, or anyone he may des i gnate in writing, is a uthorized to manage the following forest o-omrn.unity projects established by t he RA in cooperation with the Forest Service : F.S. - Wi - 13 Drummond , Bayfield and Sawyer Counti es , Wis. F.S. - Ky - 10 Subl imity Farms , Laurel County , JCy. - 5 - �11 la ro · t he. extent necessary to undertake and carry on t he mana.gemerit of these projects i n accordance with approved plans , the Chief of the :F'orest Service ,. or anyone ho roa.y designate in writing , ma.y execute such temporary lic.ensing e.greements and/or l eases as have been approved by t he Administrator for and on behalf of tho United States . b nAll mat erials , supplies and equip:n.ent for the management of t hese projects procured with fu nds allotted unde r the ,, Emergency Re lief Appropr iation Acts of 1935 and 1936 must be acquired e ither t hroug]l the Procurement Division of the Treasury or i n accordance wi~~ the procedure approved by the Procurement Division. c "All rul es and r egul ations applicable to the HA in regard to l abor on r esett l ement type projects vii.th the funds of the Emergency Relie f Appropriation Acts of 1935 and 193 6 shall be applicable to the employment of l abor on these proj ects. d "Reports in r eea.rd to tho management of t hese projects, the obligation of fund s and employment r e cords will be 1riade e.s req:1ired from time to time . 11 On May 6, 1937, nuthority wa s delegat ed to t he Regional. Forester by the communicat ion quoted below. nDear Mr. Evans : Pursuant to the authority delegated to me by the Adninistrator of the Resettle:nont .Administra tion in Administra tion Order liumber 171 ( Suppl e::::ien't 2), dated llay 4,. 1937 , I hereby designate the Regiona l Forester of Region 7, or Acting Regiona l Forester, to act for me under t he terr:.s of s a id Administration Order Numbe r 171 (Suppl ement 2) in t he management of FS-Ky-10,. Sublimity Farms, Laurel County, Kentucky, and specifically to act for me i n execution of licen sing agreements or l eases as set forth i n paragraph 2. - Vory sinc.erely yourG, F. A. Silcox, Chie f, Forest Se rvioa . 11 In a t el ephone conversation bet\~een R, M. Evans , Regional Forester, · Region 7, e.nd Fred Morrell, Ass i stant Chief , Forest Service , on July 6, 1938 , authority wa s given tp use CCC enrollees in ths Sublimity Forest Com.munity for s uch v ork as 1. 2. s. 4. Rep-airs to i mprovements on unoccupied places. Cutting gra ss on unoocipied places. Ma.i ntaini ng roads which are on t he Forest r oad system. Re c'ohstructicn root cellars. �l On September 13, 1939 ., this authority was oxten(ed , _by telephone, to i nclude general i mprovement and maintenance work , on a. promi se by the Regional Fores ter t hat it would bo confine d t o t he minimum to keep the properti e s ha bitable. On Octobor 2, 1939 , George S. 1!.j_tc 1ell, Ass ista.n·_t; Ad:mi nistra tor of the Farm Security Atl:n.inistrat ion., wrote F. A. Silc -.;x _, Chi ef of the Fore st Service as f ol lows : "In t he furthersmce of t he arrangemen t s 'lhich have .heretofore bean es t a blished bet 'Neen the Por est Service s.nd the Farm Securi ty Admi nistration a.s t o the mana go ment, operation., IJIB.i nterence , r e_28.ir , !l.nd ·upkeep , i ncl udi~g s el e cting t ho Settl e rs, c ollec-tin.:; ti"i.a r ents , ma king paym~nts l n lieu of taxes , JP..ainta i n i ng i nsu rance on the bu il dings , and performing; all otli~r functi ons necessary to t he efficlent manageli1er1t of t he Subl imity and Drummond Resettl .. ent Proje cts of this Ad.ministration lo cated ·1n tl?,e States of Kentucky 3.L.<l '1 s consln, res pe ctively, we r equast t hat you cont i nue the perforr.:.a1we of these f unotione i n our behalf." On October 8, 1940 , Adntlniatra tion Or~cr 171, Suppl~ment land Suppl ement 2 were su~rseded by Admi nistration Order 256 , as follows : I 1'he Drunnr,ond Forest Community (Drurunond FS-~Vl 13 ) and Sublimity Forest Co;rununi ty (Sublimity Farms :F'S-KY-10) , "" which wore planned and constructed by t he l<'orest Service with fu n<is r.tade ava ilabl e b.,·. t he Reset tle.01emt and the Farm Security Administrations on the basi s of plans and budgets approved by t he Ad~inistrators of t he Resettlement_a.nd t he Fnrm Se curity Administrfl tions , will be managed a nd operated by t he Forest 3ervi~e in accordance with plans and budgets approved by t he a dministrator of t he Farm Security AcL.~ inistration and subj ~ct to the conditions hereinafter set for·th: A Authority is delegated, with authority to r ede legate , t o the Chief of t he Forest Garvice to mar.ag,e a nd operate t hese pro j e~ts l ncludinG : l The s el ection of oc~upa.nts . 2 The exe cution of such t enure and agreements with occupants as the Administrator of t:--~e Fa nn Security Administration may appr ove in .f orm . 3 The establishment and -~~pervision of local govornznent s , corrmnmi ty services end coope r nti ve e:i.terprises . �4 The execut i on of such aereerr.ents with private parties f or utilities e.nd services t he Administra tor of the Farm Security A~~inistration as may approvo in fc;rm. 5 The i nsura nce of property 6 The c ollecti on of rents 7 The r epair and maintsnanca of stru,::tures 8 The conservation and improvement ·o f soil 9 The su;_:iei·vision of f a.rm and home ma~gement 10 Other a.cti vl ties approved by the Adrainistrator of the Farm Security Administrution. B The Chief of the Forest Service wil l submit to tho Ad... minist.ro.to r of t he Farm Seouri ty Administration. prior to t he beg:i.nn ing of each fis cal yea r, a budget setting fort h t he pur poses c.nd amoi:nts by obj ects o1' expenditures for t he e nsuln fi scal yea r and a cc0mpanied by such supp orti n6 sc'1ed~1.los and justifica tions ac may be ne c essary to explai n t he r ensons for the pro posed expenditures and to pe r rr~t t he Administrator of the Farm Se curitr Administra.ticn to deter"ni ne t ha t such expondi tu res a.re justified . C Tho Chief of t he Fore st Service will submit such r eports concerning T<'El.r~agcmer:.t, expenditures , bud get r equir ements , collections and the emplo)Tient of l~bor as t he a~mnis~ trator of the Farm Secur:i. ty Admini stre.tion may re;qui.re. D The Adm-tnistra tor of the 1''a.rra Security Administra tion "frill a9:;:,r ove a.11 operating: planG and budgets , all .forms for rlgr ec,m.e nts • a nd. s.11 pro pos ed. activities for t hese projects not spe cifically p rov i ded herein , and will · make availa ble to the Chief of t he Fcrest Se rvice such funds ns the Adrain5.stra.tor may de em n£, cessary for the mans.ge.ment and operat:i.on of t hese proj 0cts. 8 - �' -l --~ C: ) ';:o-" ~' 1 .; t r! I i I ~ -. ', J > ➔ Ir 'i ' 'i I I -- ~++--t--+--+------+-+-t-+-+-+-t--+--+-11-t---t- l - ~ 't-+---+--+--t---+---+--t--+->-+---+--+-l--+--+---->"TT : -+- I I ln* -+,+;- ,..!..;.. ++- t t:t1=1=tt:t1=1:tt:::1=1=:=t:t=:--i1.+71\1. t--++--+--+-+-+---l--+-·t----1--+-ii- 1-- 1-- - 1-...... I I I --w= . ·, -tT i ' JI+ ' +++' ~ ++b --h, +t-- -+ ++ I -f- : 1 1 l ++- : II I I I I I +r- , 1 )t I I I I I ' 1 I I ti I I - - •IT-r-tc T1J ■--+-+----A--+-+.+t+t- ±± tl ~~F~ i;.c.r : 1 1 I I : i i ' I 1 ! , i' 1 ,~ ; ,: : I -, I ~J-h~- ~ 1 <~ , 1 - I (~ 1 ~tf-- I ' : I ~ •----+---+--+--t---+--+---l-+·-+----+----+-t- t---+-----l-----+-t-----r----'-1----+----+----t-i-----il -,.....+-+ -+--+-+-+---1----+-Ht--++--+--+:-+-+----f-+--Hf-+-l---- l----+-+-+t- f- r~~ ~ I -t+ ~ _ I 70 I 1 rr -t-----t-.1-----1-+----f-H -+-+----+--+-+----H- I +.:.. I 1 +--+ +-~ l t----FFH-+-+--+,-+- �CII.J\PTER III Di!:VEL0PMD.1T -Prelimi nary Rep~rt• A preliminary report wo.s prepared bys . H, .Marsh of .t he Regi onal Office i n the spring of 1935 and wa s subnitted to the Chief on June 3, 1 935 , to .,ethcr with the other reports -ca.bulnt e d on page 4. Th:i.e re port provided for the purch!tso· of' 80 submarg i nal f arms aggre • ga ting 6 ,320 ncres e.t a. cos t of $5 0,560 and t he resettl ement of tha 80 f arm f amilies on 3 a.ere subs i stence f arms o.t a development cost of $41 6,240 . The plan provided for t he purchase of a r esettl ement area. about t-,ro mil es south of London , Kentucky and the correlation of subsistence f arm ing v-1i th timber sala ancl othe r work on the nearby Cumberl and J,ational Forest. Land Purchase . i'he ten-t;ati ve plans provided !'or government o,;.,-nership of home sites and subs i stence fa n~s and ~~e fore s t l and which would afford employment for the s e ttlers . Since t imber l and sufficient to provide the estimated employm'ent had alroo.dy been acquired as part of t ho Cumbe rland National Forest. the next step a s to determine the availability of suitable farm l and. Ed,1.:~rd Ritter wa.s assigne d to head up this job on Uovembor 4, 1935 . Following field i nves tiga tions and conference s wi th the Super vi sor of t he C1.m1be rl and Nationa l 1'...orest. Regional Forester ' s offi ce ., County Agent o~ Laurel County., Kentucky ., officials of the .Resettlement .Administration and Kentuck y University, the area i nd ic ated in the preliminary plan was decided on as the ·most suitableQ The resettlement land itself was suitable in all respe cts . It was easily acc ess ible to all the needs for· whol esome country l ife , bu t l'ro.s removed fro m t he timber sale area by from 6 to 20 miles. The r elative location of t he tvro areas '¥.'8.S necessitated by the absence of a suitable acreage of good f arm l and closer to the timber . ·Yr . Ritter began negotiating for l and on November 15 and appraisal s were sta rt t3 d on t he 20th. Fourteen tracts were a ppraised by February 1, 1936. Ten of these c omprising 582 . 8 acres were acquire d e t a cost of $45 . 474 . 00 or an nverage of ~78 . 03 per acre . Checks in payrr~nt for the land ~~re delivered to the t en vendors on July 15, 1936 . Final Report Upon deterru nation that suitable r esettl emsnt l and could be a~quired at a r easonnble price , Q3 ,170.00 was authoriz ed 11/25/35 to fina.nco a fi nal r eport a nd plan . Preps.ration of t he r epor.t got under way during - 10 - �MAP SHO.:'/ I NG TID) SUELI MI TY FOITTST CO)-!HUNI TY In Relation to TH~ NAlIOiV,.L FOR1ST '.-{ORK ~ ~ 1 Sc-s3-ie· .. .. .1/4 '· .1<'. . ·--. •~;--:;. : : = ·Y mile . . . . Res ~t fle nie nt Area. ·· :·.:,,-' ' • ;_) ,- . .• , t :· ... ·- · ·,1o~k trea _, ' D . ~ ,: ,, .. Na tional Forest Land . -=- Paved Roads =- =--==· Unirrprove d Roads �late December 1 935 under t he supervi sion of Edwa rd. Ritter ,-rho also h eaded up the l o.nd acquisition progre.m. The r eport was to follow- a prescribed outline _co er i ng t he follo'lring subjects 1 I Socia l and economic jus tifica tion Cooperative agreements and t lrober sale plan The resettl enent o.roa Subdlvi s i ou and development plan of r esettlement area Construction estirnates and · plans Settler selection and proaect dire ction I .I Socia.1 ttnd economi ,c jus ti ficat~: The 1930 census of t he 67,938 farm f amilies in Eas tern Kentucky disclosed .t .he following significant fi gures: 5,382 or 7.9 7, 304 or 10. 6 48,669 or 71.8 6,5 63 or 9.7 6,737 or 9.9 717 or 1.1 211 o:r .3 7,7 62 or 11.4 1,000 or 1.5 477 or .7 .Fa.rm.a on p:we d r oad Farms on improved dirt r oad Farms on unimproved dirt road Farms on no r oad Fe.m.s with automobiles Fkrm3 with t r \,ck s Farms with t ractors Farmho1.~sos with t e leph ones Farmhouses with r w.ning .-va.ter Farmhouaes with bathroom Farmhous es with electric lights per cent por cent pe r cent per cent per cent par cent per eent pe r cent per cent por cent 1,4.79 or 2.2 per cent Value pe r f a r m and e qui pment. i ncluding livestock Average f arm production (l ess $40e00 . · farm expenditure s) . $2 ,039.00 563.00 I A-verage f amily consumption of far.m products 508 .00 Average fa.rm production in excess of f amily consu.'llption 2°55.00 Fa.mi prooucti on · per YTorker (98,987 ) . in excess of f amily c onsu.~ption Farm production per person (3 82 ,847) in excess of f amily consumption 175.00 45.00 Investigation of the l a rge n umbe r of the lt3ss .fortunato -.mo r..ndo up the above nverase s pre s ented a pitiful picture a nd shov,od a c.esp.are..te need or somsthing to blprove the ir social and economic condition a nd to woan them fr cr.i. the tradi tior>..al ha bits of li vlng which were contributing f actors. Rasettle~ent appeared to at l east offer a clue ton solution of t he probl em . I . Social justification appeared to be obvioue. but since economi c j ustifi cation was co ns i dered only from the s tandpoint of direct money returns, a good sho71in 6 on this score appea.red doubtful from t he beginning • .- 12 - �) Upon dete rmination tr~.t efforts at ~conortl c j us ~ifi cat ion had l ed only t o confus ion ., i t was decided by t he f r amers of t he r eport on January 17, 193C ; that the only honest _econom.i c j usti fi ca tion wa s a a an experiment . Fr om t hen on the proj ect wa s look od u pon purely a s an expe rimental undert aking . The r eport t herefore stated : "Developed o.nd a dministe r ed s il."lpl y as an i s olated f a rm and housinG proj ect , with t he nee. rby for e st looked on Jl).e r ely as n f'orhmo.te o portuni t ;y- for em.plo~•1.'1ont , i t ha s littl e virtue as au. S. Forest ~crvi ce venture . Vi ewed , howeve r , as a testing gr ound of fitti ng a minor agricultural r e sou r ce i nto a :i;iaj or f orest r es ource for the purpose of securing t he maximum obtai nabl e s oci a l and economi c benefi t s f or a l arge fo res t popul ation, it can and shoul d be unde rta ken by t he U. s. 1'~orest Service • . "Cons idered a~ f rar..kly exper i montal proj ect , t here i s no pa rti cul a r rea son why t hey (the occupants ) shoul d be expe c ted t o pay f' ull amorti £ati on, intere st and ma intenanc e costs any more t han· direc t f'inanci a.l retur ns are· exp9cted on ether expe riments or ,fo rms of r esear ch ." The pictures on page 14 illus t rate t he type of f arming and 1·e sidence Sublimity was crea t ed to i mprove . Coopera tive a gree~ent and t imbe r sal e plan : Pr e l Lmi na ry es timat es indica t ed t hat the Subl imity i"iorki ng Circl o -:-roul d produ ce 3,000 li bd. ft. of sawti mber pe r year on a sus t ained yie l d oasis and an annual cut in this a~o~nt was provided for i n t he pi~n. Subsequent studies ·showed t hat t he pr elicinary e stimat es we r e overly conservative and t h.at .~ c.m1ua l cut or 3,500 li bd . ft. woul d bs permi ss ibl e . Recognizi ng t he legal requirements gove rning t he disposa l cf na tiona l forest tLmbe r t h e plan provided for s eiling t he timber under regular timber sale proce dure. Local l abor. c onditions' are indica ted by t he si gnificant fact that the t imber a pprai sal i n corpora t ed in the pla.µ. was based on wage rates or $1.50 per 10 hour da y for common l abor arn $3 .50 per 10 hour tlay for a ms.n and two-horse t eam. fhe proposed timbe r sale agreement provided t h.at not less t han 80 percent of all employee s on t he t imber sale oper ation, exclus i ve of supervi s ->ry pers onn el, be r es i dents of t he Sublimi t y For est Co:;,llllunity or in t he vicinity of the timber sale area . Tnis wa s t hought to be the maximum assur anc e of employmen~ t hat coul d be gi ven Subl imity residents Yri. t hout dis couraging t he more desi r able timber ope rators fro~ bidd i ng on t he t L~be r. A s L~il nr r equire~ent wa s i nco rporatad in subsequent sa les but t he lo ca l l a bor quote. wa s r educed to 70 percent. ?ne effect of t his requirement is discussed under Subs i di es on page 47. - 13 �" ,. r...' 1 -A . ';t- . ....· -""":',,,.. ,,/... . ~ .-- ~- ,,j,Z - - - --~ - -.· :, • f\~.-.1 ·: -':...-; ~--: .., __,.. ~ ·.:.. Ci;. _,,. ·c~· --;;i ;7 . . :·. '-•,,.~- ·t., :·- y\_f{ if ,.. ' . . ~-:~. -~\i_;.~_,~., ·_ -- ) ., .. ~ .. --~ .,. .-; :-; . -;. ''j ~ to· ~' ·:4 ~·., _;, . 1 ' .'...:{_::; ;:_<_~:_-;_->_ ..:. -__~;-~_ ::,:~---~ : . " .... . ___..,.::~. . . :; . -£;-~:. .-.] -.f:..~-..-...--, -"'==-·.......,,.,..-...."".,.··..c~.--,._ii~-J: fk~~:-:.:~~~-~ ~. ..,....,.._..._...__...:.~A ;.'"!. .,.1 The fo'..u:- cloare-d. __ 1 , ...__, ..... _ '""" ··.:- , com;:10n types of i'a1•;;·'l rovation ; Cul tiva.ted. (3} Aban oned. (1) famJ.y (J.i.) Recleared. --- --- - -------------- - -- --- ·-:- ..... ~.._ :':.~ ~·_r .. . ::.:. . - -. A typical ,; ;10\l.ntain f arn1ouse . Ho:-:,o of 'l'ravis Taylm... , ten:mt on t}1a Ct JTu".)erh.nd ::ati.on..t l 14 ';" ""' . -;- -:""·-:. �The Resettl ement Area : The pl an pointe d out that the resettl ement a r ea decided upon Yro. s t he bes t location ava ilable f rom t he standp:,i nt of the vari ous fa ct ors i nvolved such as su i tabl e l and , proxi mity to t imber sal e a r ea , t ransportat i on, rel ati on t o c ommuni ty f a.ciliti es ,. . ete • .Subd i vision O.!ld dovel opm~nt plan of r esettl ement; e.rea : Coi ncident wit h the preparation of' the plan, the a r ea wai:, l aid out on t he gr ound a s illustrated on t he f ollowing pa.ge . This rork was done under t he pe rs ona l direction of D' Ar cy Bonnett , Rer,i o~al Lands cape Architect , a nd ea ch pl s.ce 'i'i& S i nspected and e.pprovod b-J t he County Agent a nd f arm exper ts of Kentucky Unive r s i ty . The area was oubdi vi ded s o as to permit t he widest possible application of t he t ypes of f ami ng to be demonstrated by the proj ect . Th.at i s , a ll t he gra.do.tions from be.re subsistence to f ull time f amily fanns . The unallotted l and was r eserved for co:.n:munity pas t ure and i n order to have l and avail a ble in case co operati ve f a rmi ng s houl d t ake root i n t he community . The development pl ans a r e shown i n t he illustration on page 1 6 and are further des cribe d in t he constructi on e stimates ~nd plan s s ection of this chapt er . Cons t r ucti on Estima t es Qnd Plans s After an i nt ens i ve st udy or the probl ems and r elati onships , a decis i on was r eached t o provide the i mprovements l i s t ed below. Construction of Cons t r uction of Construction of Renovation o:r Construction of Construction of Construction of Construction of c ~Construction of 3~room dwellings @ ~-ro om dwe llings @ 20 5-room dwellings @ 7 dwellings @ 150 . 00 to 11 28 65 l a t r ines 62 13 root cel lars chi cken houses *Sl · barns 14' x 20 1 14 barns 1 6' x 24. 1 63 coal sheds Cons truction of · 66 wells · Drilling 7.13 miles ~ oa d inp. and can st . 66 Entrances 2, 340 l in . f eet Farm t ile ~, 600 l 1n . fe et Drain ditches 400 a cres Limi ng 12, 370 r ods Fences 66 Landsoe. ping . pS2. 8i acres ,Land Acq, Cont i ngencies .. Adminiatro.tion ® @ @ @ @ @ @ @ .® @ @ El @ @ .0 Tot al $1 , 250 . 10 $13 ., 751 . 10 1, 415 . 60 39 , 636 .80 1, 726 . 42 34, 528. 40 $ 400. 00 2, 000. 00 35~00 2, 275 . 00 25.00 1, 550 . 00 75. 00 975 . 00 525.00 16, 575 . 00 355 . 00 4, 970 . 00 20.00 1, 2 60 . 00 100 . 00 6., 000 . 00 3, 636 . 41 25 , 927 . €0 95. 00 6, 270 . 00 .10 234 . 00 532 . 80 .oa 690 . 00 1.35 15,4 63 . 50 1.25 67.10 4 , 428 . 60 93. 29 " *54 , 370 . 00 17,751 . 78 S5, 45l . 66 ; • Includes ch5.cken house . ** Includes planni ng and cos t of o. cqui s i t lo11. - 15 - 285 ,141.24 �.I . l· j I ( .~ ~ ~-.:1 ·~ 'r .~ t ; ) ,. / \ ~ - f .. ~ ~: . 'I ' ' - ' . --~~ ~-.?:.- . .' 1/,~) . . }'' ! . ,.. ·-,,.,.. .,. ·_ ,. ----· ✓ . i' / 16 ' - ' .· .. :·-..~, • . ~ �The design of t he i mprovement structures rere purpos ely planned on a modest scal e, . as indicate d by the cost estimat es , since it vra. s t ho belief of those on t he ground t hat with such improvements t he project would be 'roost likely to succeed . T"he construotio::1s plans ere quiet on the ma tte r of a s chool or community buildi nt; to be constructed by the Go-vernment as pa rt of t he proj ect- This wa s purposely done to avoid , i nsofar as poss ible, t he appearance of a separe.t 0 11 co1rimunity" or 11 proj ect 11 • Foll owing e.pprov-..i.l of the r eport on Thy 21, 1 936 it was fou nd tha t the design of t he el e ven 3-roo:n dwe llings schedul ed for cons truction and the seven existinc; dwe llings sche du l ed fo_r r enovation did not permit the i nstaH:i. t ion .of sanitary f acilitie s . Aft e r prolonged disc ussions Pti.yson I rw in of t he Chief 's Office authorized redesign of the house plans . Tric _,ls.ns ,;ere t he refore modified so as to provide · for - Renovating l Renova.ting l Constructing 13 Constructing 15 . Constructing 16 tonstructing 15 7-room dwelling 4-room dwelling 5-roo:m dne llings s.:.room dwellings 4- room dwellings 4-room dw~llings Type SA. Typo 7A Type 8A Type 9A 1'he modified plans -we re submitted to the Chie f's 'Office on July 13, · 1936 and approval of t hat office was received on August 3, 1936. Settl er Selection and proj ect d~rection : Tho plan s et up the following eligi bility requirements for settlers . Rl. Men mus t be ~Arried and sole support of f amilies ; not le ss t han t rnnty -years 1'.).or more t han forty y,:aiars of a ge at t he ir last birthday; and r eas onably experienced and physically able ,to do strenuous farm e.nd woods wo rk. 0 2. Women must be not less t han eighte en nor more t han t hirty-five years of age at t heir las t birthday; physically sound ; and r easonably expe rienced in garden and lifat f 9. r .r.:. wol'k. · s. The family as e. •,vhole must be bona fide residents of s ome part cf that area i ncluded within the bounda ries ~~ t he C\.u!lberland Natiolli\l Forest. 4. Families mus t poss e~s or be able to o~ta.in the n ecessary fund s and equipment to set thems elves ~p on t ho resettlement area in a rea sonably sat i s f a ctory man...~er. 8 ... 17 - �ProvLions -r,ere mad e for 1:i.n application questionnaire and investigation in sufficient detail to d e t ermi ne the eligibility of families and to Wl.lee pos~i ble a mathema.tics.l grading ' on certain~ vital points s uch as literacy, sobri e ty, i ndustry a.nd inHiD.tive . A !bard of Selection s to be appoint ed to pass on eliP'.ible a.pplican-cs nnd subs equent complaints and problems arising with r espect to the i r occupanoy . All accepte d f amilies r1ere to pass a physical ex.am:l.:nationo 1'ha proj ect direction pa rt of t he plf-n pointed out th.at the project v,-as merely a c oncentration, for the pur pose of intensive study., of the probler.1s ccmf'r ·:i::o.'ced t hroughout the Cumbe rlund National »'crest . For this r eason it should be administered as part of t:ne Fores t by the Forest Service in orde r to fi nd t he a mner t o the problems on a broader front. 1'he organizational set-up provide d for a. · Re-.nger . As sista nt R~nger , · Cl erk a nd Scal e r. In addition, i t wa s sta:ted t ha t -t emporary assistance in all other e:pe cia.liz ed fields would be provide d as needed. by t he fo rest and allied or anizations . Believing at t he tir:i.e ths.t t he enthus i asm and i nterest of the sevoral · local f ~r ~ extens ion and social Tielfare a gencies would take ca r e of the needs of the comm.unity in t hes e fi elds, t he .follpwing significa11t sta te::nent was m·i tten in the report! ' "Other twin sot out above , no project manage r, s ooinl worker or other Sz)eci alists are ne eded or desirable ; and their presence on t he job will only invite f ailure to accomplish the funda.~ental purposes of the project. It is desira ble, however , t o set up a · l imited ·Advisory Board - - - . This board - - - will advise on matte rs of broad policy ; a nd vrill be t he med um t~rou gh hi ch the l essons l earned may be ~ost effectivoly made to serve t he r ems.inder of t he peopl e of Eastern Kentucky" . Aoti on on fina l r ooort. Upon c ompl etion of the final r eport it was promptly approved by R. M. E~ns , Re~·io;.1a.l Forester, El.!ld i'ori·rard ed to t he Chief on February 17, 1935 . The Regiona l Forester ' s l etter of transmittal c ontain ed t he follo1nn~ sta~c~ents nThe fi nal r epox·ts emphasize t he Tollo,d o.g essential r equirements whi ch r:rust be carried out if the proje~t i s to be a succoss r - - 18 - �n1. That it be recognized o.nd kept clearly i n mind that the project is frankly experL~ental; and t hat tho justification f or i t as a Forest Service undert aking rests on the need of a proving ground on whioh to t est out and demonstrate - -- t he social and economic pos sibilities of correlatin under favora~le conditions a minor agrioultural rBsource with a ma jor timber 0 r es ource . " The r eport i,va s not wol l r ecoi ve d by the interested nw:nbers of t he Chief's staff. While t here appea rad to be a. general unde rstand ing that at l east conditional approval was for-thco!!ling: 1 the r eport as ,vri-tton seemed to have jus t about everything wrong wi th it .f rom the standpoi nt of the Chief ' s Office revi ewers e After five weeks in t he Chief's Office during which discus sions were long and bitter t ha r eport v1as submitted to the Resettl emsnt Administration· on March 24 , 1936 wi th a r eco:r-.,mendation that it be approved at once . After critical analyses by various membe rs of the Resett lement ~d,ministration it was approved by the Administrator on May 21, 1936 subj ect to t he following re3 ervations : oo· i ncluded in 1. Tha t l ndoor s3.ni tary .f acil i ties every hou se . 2. That t he poss ibility for t he provision of a community pasture fr om t he Cumberland National Forest be i nvesti gnt ed a.~d r eported , with recommendations, to t he Resettlcnent Adrainistra.tion. 3. Tha t t he cost of a r elatively small and i nexpens ive community house be i nvestignted and reported to the Resettl ement Administration • . 4. That cons ideration be iiven to t he possibility of' establishing a c o.--:ununity _dairy ar.d general f arm with the elimi n.atlon of co;vs and production of fi eld crops on t he indivi dual t racts and with consequent reduction in t he si ze of i ndivi dual tra cts iu orde r to effect certain economies in milk prvduction. t he prod uction or fiel d crops ., t he cost of s anitar-1 f a cilities and roads •. 5. That, if f>.Ily easement is grv.nted by t he government to a power company penlli ttLT1g it to maintain l ines on government o ·med property in conne ction with service ;;o occupants of the project, suctl easements ·s hall contain provi s i ons r equiring continuity of s ervice and, if possible,. n:.ore r eason.abl e r at es t han t hose contained 1n t he r egul ar schedule • .. 19 - �6. That all construction work , whether by force o.coount or contract, be in e.ccorda n.ce vii th the applicable regul ations of the President under the ERA Aot of 1935. 7. That e..ny contriu,ts for construction be submitted. to thc ·Lega l Division of The H.ural Resettlement Administration before execution. 8. That, 5.n connection with a.ny roads which. are to be built on l and not wholly owned by the United States , proper e~sements and ri~h~ of ~~y be secured before any construction work 1s donec 9. The.t permission be given for pe ri odic -inspections by the Resettlement Ad.ministration. 10. That acknowledgment be made in all publicity and proj e ct · r ,oports t hat t he Sublimity Project; is a coopera tive under ... ·,': ~aking between the Resettl ement ' Administration and the Forest ·Service of the United Sta-bes Department or Agriculture . Reservations 1, 6, 7, ' 8, 9 and 10 were complied with. Subsequent reports on r aaervations 2, . 3, 4 and 5 ·_gave reasons why they could not or should not be accomplished. In approving the project the Di r ector increas ed tho estimated costs from $285,141. 24 to $317,677.94 in order to provide sanitary facilities and electri c fixtures . ◊.a April 30, 1936 the. Chief 's Office made a formal request for the latter amount • . Cons truction. \mile the final report vra.s boine; prepared and unde r consideration, foundation stone for the hous es was quarried by authority given on February 1, 1936 to use $3,000.00 for ~his purpos e. Durln6 the sumr.:.e r of 1936 a construction orgnnization was assembled, a warehouse was constructed, roads i mproved, bills of mat eria l pre ~ pared e.nd a fow house foundatio ns excavated . The chi ef bottleneck during t,.~is period rro.s the h'PA labor restrictions whleh made it imposs i ble to r ecruit men with the skills necessary to carry on the job. Therefo re , t he ac·tual construction of' f a.rm i mprovements was pos tponed until the l abor si~~etion c oul d be cleared up. Au gust 3, 193 6, t he day Mr. I rwin approved the r evi sed house plans # z.n.d while the Region '1, .3.S &tru g6ling to get the l abor situation clarifi ed , ~Jr . Irwin reported to ~ ·• Kneipp tha t t aa l and purchases · had been completed t hree week~ before and there we r e no obs tac les to full aqtivity e~cept c omplete failure of the Region to plan ahead •. He s tated furt her : On .. 20 - • �-o -------- -- ------ ~0 m,. ctJ. 6A house en Farm Septe:n':>er 1 193,..,. use en FJ.rm No . 32. :Large barn in background. A r il., 1940. Type 6A b - 21 �l) I •. I ( ,~\· ( j I ..J I _.. ·1 /::IJ i .J 1-} l I 1s .r\._~.-· T_vpa 7A house on Farm No. ·50. July, 1937 • .... '\ ., - Vo-~ >.~< - ~.,...._, •t -:, ,.. : \ , I Septembsr-, -19'J8. �n1r something i s net ~~10diatoly done to ·or ganize and put ene rgy into the Sublimity Pro• j ect work in both the Regional Off ice nno the Supervisor's Office , t ho l•'ores t Service ni ll £'i nd i tself f aced on Ju...~e 30. 1937 with an uncompl etsd c omraun.i ty on i ts ho.nds and no money v1ith which to complete it". Followi ng this the Region :made tlll appeal to t he Chie f :!_s Office to try from: the top to get Wl'A restrictions · 6n certifying l abor runendcd so .the project could go for ward . 2•. 1936 , Mr . I rv-1i n tel ephoned Assiste.nt Regional Foreste r, tl . IT. Shields t h~t Sublimity hl:\d "bl own upn and t he whole undertaking would have to be abandoned . The Sta.i rway ·1n t ype 7A hous e fol lowing day ~r . Shi9lds on Farm. .No . 50 requested the Forest to ma.ka an estimate of t he t ime and necessary costs to close out Md l eave what had been done in a r eas onabl y satisfactory c ondition . fhe estimate YJaS promptly prepared and was foll owed on October 10, 1936 by a list of t he overhead pe rsonnel, t he date they could be r el eased or tran~ferr ed toother f unds and close out Sublimity by November 1. Annual l eave was taken by a nt.wtber of employees at t his time pending their r el ease on October 15 to November 1. Excavations already made for house fo undations were fill ed. up. Ori Oetol.-er On October 16, 1936 t he WPA r estrictions ~~re modified so as to permit t he o~pl oyment at SublLmity of 1 69 non-relief workers and 333 relief workers . Fror:i here on out t he chiaf _l abor problem was to .find the men e.nd obtain transportation for t hE1:-a. . Actual cons t ruction of the 66 farm plants got unde r way in November 1 936. lt moved along with no out of t he ord inary miBhap and was compl eted on : ~une 30, 1937. �l .' . I ' Kitchen in type 7A house on Fann No. 50. April , 1940. On Maroh ·11, 1937, Mr . Irwin wrote Mr . Kneipp. as foliows al.lr . Bartlett, ,Director 1. or Finance and Control, nnd · · Region ' Four, Re8c ttl ement Administrati on, vi sited t he Sublimity Comnunity Proj ec t on Saturday. --- After t he i nspe cticn hlr. Bartlett and Ur. :Mi tchell expressed hieh satisfac tion -v,iith tne excellent house design, c oiupetent. construction aridthe Mr . Mitchell, Director or evidence of the office of effic-icnt organization ...... nry unqualified commenda .. . tion of the efficient and sk illfu l construct iofr job accomplished by t he nien in charge . f o their praise I \Ye.nt to add This is a . construction r eco rd about which the Forest Service may justly find great s atis factirm . In o.ddi tion to the ex cellent time record,·-~ qualit'y of craftsmanship i s to be prais ed . The workmansh~s excellent from fo und a.ti on to roof.~ . .. · :,,} ... :'·" ··:.· .-. I . - 24 - -· _; �,. . , !' ' 1r r ·- ~ :!, ·, ,, I ~ :- "'"' l J :- ---, .. . ·1 I ., ' J, ___ L.~:~.. ~ , ~ .•: ~ ... ... j 'l'ype 8A hot1~a on Fal .::1 ?Jo. 42 . S~lJ. hs:.--n in bael<ero1.u1d. April., 1940. - 25 .. �Typa 9A house on farm No. 27. June, · 1937, · T7Pa 9A house on F"ar.m. No. 27. Reconst ructed root cellar o~ l eft. April, 1940 . • 26 • �... . 1_ - - .. - - , - · ... .., - ~ 7~~...,.~.,._....._.....~ .. -· - 7 ... --1' ~ - C· ' r ; ""'---,. l::::,..-· r j Bathroom i n type 9A houses on Fann No. 66. Kitchen in type 9A house on Farm No. 66. Tha project as completed cons i sted of - 66 f arm units , each containing l dwelli!ll; house with appropriate l andscaping 4, · 5 or 7 room.s ell : gravity ~~ tor system (hand operat ed f rom ¼~11) bathroom heatlng stove cooking stove hot wat er tank kitchen sink septic t a:nk l c ombination root cellar and coa l ..hous~ l · burn ./ J. ch~ Gken house (either s eparate or built ·into- ba rn) 2.3 to 26.5 (average 6.8) acres of f arm l and . ('9811 feneod) 1 gravele d driveway 119.f! ~cres o:f farm l aild in 9 t re.cts , ranging from 5.3 to 37.4 acres available to community occut'ants for pasture_and cultiva tion on the be.sis of need and desire . An improved road s ystem throu ghout the co:mmuni ti.r . 1'hese improvements are fu rther itellii£ed wi t h overall costs on page 30. - 27 - "':"' �' ·. T'nere were a. few structural deficiencies which nec e ss itated nn undue amount of roain-ten.ance . Chief of t hese was the construction of the edge of the roof flush with t he outside wall s . Soot; from t he soft-coal burninb stoves would settle on the roof and rain woul d was .• it down the wall s , including gabl es , in black streaks , thus creating e.n unsightly appearance and requiring painting more often t he.n would otherwise be necessary. In spite of this condition the archite cts argued t hat the cons truction s proper f.'or o.osthet:tc renaons. The water tanks wore built into t he attics of the houses nd were not t reated until they sprung l ea.ks. These tanks should have been asphalt t reated when i nstalled and t he attics sh~~ld have be~n c on• struoted so th~y could be r emoved and r epl aced . the t endenoy of the house silis and understructure to decay is believed t o be due to insdequat e provis ion fo r ventilation in the foundation walls. • Decay set in at an early date in the foundati ons a nd l ovrer parts of tho barns due , ap~~rently. to pla cing material subj ect to early docay too clos e to the ground . Th.a plana px·ovide d for undergrouud root cella rs - a nd individua l coal hous os . Dua t o increas ing c osts . l abor shortage s and t i:ma l imitations , a c ombined coal houso and root cellar was designed by the architects in the Regional Of f ice on February 23, 1937 as a substitute fo r t he t~10 structures f ormerly pr ovided f or . ·The ne-n s tructure was set on posts and the root cell ar part had 4-inch v:al ls fill ed with sawdust . This proved t o be totally i nadequate and t he r oot cellar was redes i gno d on J une 27 , 1938 t o provide for 10-inch sa dust filled vro.113 set on a concrete foundation. I nstallat ion of the l as t des i gned r oot cella rs was acc onplished by t he CCC ur.d9r authority of J uly 6, 1933 . See page 6. Typical com:;r,inity r oad . Type 7A house on l eft, 9.\ on r.ig,ht. April , 1940 . - 28 - �rJ Road entrance,. small barn and end of original. root cellar on Farm No . 26. July, 1937 0 - 29 - �CO,, o, Rl9tffI.J>all! PB'.lPIBf! il 0, JUD }O, 1931 IT UBIH An !HMS, l9CLUDIIO .&.Cc,JUITJO)I' COSTS, COITRUU'ftJ) COSTS A5D IQ.UIPIOOJT llt,PRZCU.TIOI ..... Jo. Group l 2 3 • 3• 2a 3 ~ 2" i 1 ~~ 9 10 2" 3> 11 2a • ~, :i 12 17 l& 19 r }.O 2 t~ 7., J,oUo 3,4 3,g ~1 w. ~ fu. U J,occo U t :~ 3• I ' ll, 5 l 3 26.5 9. 4 7• 9• 27 25 29 }O Jl 32 3 6. 8 9• 3• 9• W. 3• 5,} lJ,9 16, 7 2.6 ;: ~: )a r l> 1' sl u t~ 4 U ~ 'tz:p• Saoall ' 4 - 2" ~ 5 ' t ' ,,_,, 2}4 a5 :• 7 4 5 ' ~3 r.1 ' 4 5 4 t , ~~ ,4 4 ' J.ar.. ' J.ar.. ' -u ·' 4 4 325 }04 U ~ , 5 ! 3• t~ 4, 6 ;! U ~ .' 5() ~. 3b 51 52 ~a )a t 55 56 57 55 59 ~a 1' . l ~.l 13 :: 1 3.5 3-a Ja 2" To\al ~ J.nra,o per uni\ J. ~J g:~ 16. l tq l or · 65 1t ~ 3, 0 4,g ::. l> ~ 6o 61 62 -·-~· 9.s ;:1 t 41' s·, h.ti 13.1 7 • &. 0 9, l J: 1114 1,035 l, }03 203 '~5~ :: le ,,1 · t4 7J. i• l!~ e 4 5 5 ~ 5 5 ..:.. 7• 5 ' f~lor ll U 4 5 t6! t 7• ;: 5 ~ ~ JOO 4.5 5-ll • • ...,, m m 2,786 ),1 21 2. 786 379 6g3 6"3 378 2,756 37• 2,7g6 ) , 135 3, 13g 2,7 23 375 6"3 6"3 37'J :~ 155 154 154 154 m 379 379 37• l,256 l,178 ·-~ 367 3,iJ& 3,120 3.100 27) $35 OU l\95 172 ~- ~-~~~ 2 957 ~~ :;i 379 37• 154 154 154 31 5 Si: *29 2~9 44} $10 ~~~ )3\ "·••5 ~ a:~ 130 lJO 152 182 190 176 4,535 4,434 386 )57 3g6 154 154 309 ~:4, 5G36~ 154 154 154 :~~ 6"3 6s3 tm 2,723 3,121 5}1 1 ,022 52} 110 ts ::~ 151 :~ 15' lJO 129 lJO ~:~ :~? t:~ g~ t~~ ::~ 151 m 1 .~~ 4,423 5,8g4 7,926 5,175 :~ l}O 154 154 154 172 535 1,202 426 f.~ s:;~ 379 37g 102 1~2 i81 182 4, 672 6,}119 6, 1)2 4 ,276 ~;: 2, 72J 2, 7•• :~ 130 m ~:Jti 631 755 3•6 }116 3•7 15~ 5,243 ,,101 ~.423 ~g 240 :~~ 6"3 322 154 172 ::~ 182 m J,1 3& 4, ))~ 4.37• 4,900 6, 907 4,721 :~ 130 4jI 234 378 379 6g3 ::~ri 4,JOO 1"9 >54· 231 821 136 :~ 130 l}O l }O 129 }116 3g6 357 t:~ t:;; J ,1 20 J,la0 4,410 4, goo 4,609 4,360 4,752 :5~ lo4 ~~ 182 151 TOTJ.L $ 5~ 3g7 155 154 154 :~~ 37& 167 15g 21 7 1"9 155 ::i 1S2 , 29 130 130 3g6 fmc1ne $ 182 181 1!2 1!2 152 152 :~ r.i 182 102 152 152 151 ::: 129 l }O 130 130 l JO 130 ~ :~a t 375 2,7 23 3•z 3•6 JS l 356 $ :~ JO l 154 261 154 15, m 130 lJO lJO lJO 130 $ ~ Jllz }116 35z 1g4 1B:oad b\rnDcee I L;u,d•cApt.n,,; r.~ 15" 174 15, :~4 m m t~~ 2, 766 2, 7•6 2,723 }117 }116 3•7 }116 356 :~. m m t~~ 154 154 154 154 155 15" :; 375 37'} 375 5::~ 2, 723 356 3s7 386 }117 :;a ~~ 31'1 37• 31'1 379 6"3 375 3.1}11 3,•31 2,723 154 154 154 154 m m 21) · 31'1 t~~ tl:l 2,723 765 ~ ~ ~ 4 31'} 3,13• 2,723 3,120 3,135 3,120 :~ 359 tRoot Cd.!Ar!~•r Sy11tn,,e $ 154 $ 3s6 }116 J.arao ~ U 37'J 37'J 375 $ !:!~ 2, 7•6 ~:;~ Largo ...,, 2,723 3,135 2, 7• 6 2,723 3,120 ~ )36 l ,6oo ::~~ 9• 4 )4, 4 f :Bprll• m tm a4 3• ~ 297 921 2,068 733 !! 9• ' -11 41 42 la m U W. • ..."'l ~ J.arao U ::i47 265 395 1,41 2 5 5 4 9• 4,3 20,5 226 179 2',i) 297 • 4. 2 l•9 2a 21) 375 257 ~ ' • 4 3• ~ 209 5 4 5 5 5· 37 3• ~ $ IJouH : Ja ~ Land, - 35 36 ,., .... hn Bow - 71- l> n -·· U )a 4 ~ 0 W. 9• 7• W. 7• ~ 22 (,I 3. 7 3.5 4.5 3•3 3., T'Ype U t9 e.3 3° l 3.4 5,l 15. l 3• 20 21 .lcr•y• 152 l!l 152 n• :~ ::~ m l }O 130 l}O 152 lSl 182 20g 195 931 l JO 151 199 s:~ :~ :~ i:~ J•6 ~:z 130 J86 3"7 :ro ~:~ !JO l JO ::~ g:; ~; :~ 5,g82 6 !S2 1"2 136 217 4, 609 )!6 l}O lSl s:~ $?5 501 t: 6 i,;; 7) 1 6"5 f~ U; 4, J2~ ~:m t~ 6, 661 6,517 t:m 130 182 213 4, 910 l }O 129 lSl 102 15! 158 4 4 154 4 . 1• 2 1 375 !336'5 . E 9:95__ ~:~ i{~ S§ ~ :~~ :~ u~ u~ 4, 520 4,ga, 7, 1"6 444 :~ 130 306 3•7 4,494 t~~ ~i 381 ~ :,sl ~:m ::~ 1"2 :g ::: 1S2 6 m t ~1 57 2 Sll 99l!i l 1a ~ $20 i~ _ _ __109 331 169 2)0 0 ~ - ~g 1 1. 35 3 69 2 940 r 12., ·;:5 ··~:, 967 31) ~4 '·;~ 1, 2!0 G 11,! t 2l 293 1,219 134 ?, 5~~ ~ : ,t~ -- ~ 4 ---~!¼:!-- -----1~ . --- _------- ------ . -----~ .~~-u------ -----T.,.-, -- - - =s1H--::-- - -------·----·--- -~• $195,112 __1_~ ~ --- . _ ______ _____________ ______ ___ _ , ,1 Con.trw::t1oD of public J"Oad• $25 50, "' ,12 ·sn.99L _ i~:~•::::t:r~::i r::t:!!b.!:°~~~!.::::6!t!:c:::n;:!~:~o tb 4eulo~ut ri 12.. ou_ __ J1rMg __ _ s22 , 0 5 UWo:, 3"7it::: sJ~.~~g �n CHAPTER IV MANAGEMENT I nstructions . The planni ng , deve lopment and managenent of Forest Comm.unities dre~ t he ir full sharo of t he ~olumi nous ~T i t i ngs of t he t ime on such subje cts . However , vrhen t he Sublimi ty c ons truction job was com- pleted t he i nstru ct ions f rom a bove t he Regi on t hat were subj e ct to applica t i on on the ground were l ari;;e l y c ontai ned in t he authority outlined i n Chapt er II, the Chi ef' ' s Offi ce genej•al eligibility requiro::nents and sel e ction cr ite ria. fo r s ettl ers under dat e of Son-tember 16, 1 95 6, which are condensed on page 17, and t ho foll o,ning l ette1' over t he s i gnat ur e of C. Eo Rachfo:i:-d, Acting Chi ef on J une 9, 1937. flTho management of t he communi ty will be conci der ed as a pa rt of t he r egul a r work load of the For s t Se rvice and t he expense of mana gement will be borne by t he Forest Service . F'or t he f i rst s ix months a t l east. t he community rr.e.n.ngement will requi r e nruch of t he time of whoeve r is detailed to the JobJ t hereaf t er t h.a work shoul d gr adually decreas e t o litt le more t han supe r vi s ion with periodic intens i ve i ns pections ,--.. ttwhen t ho Subl imity Com::nunit y ha s r ece i ved most of its oettler s t hey s hould be aided i n organizi ng a community ass ocia tion , wi t h by-laws prov iding for the election or a community council. - - - On all matter s conc erni ng the general management and regul ation of t he community, t he _council s hould b-e the conta ct point with the For es t Ser vice and the Forest Serviee I!l9.!lagement will act as f ar a s poss ible throueh t he council. - - 9Under any circumstances, the test of t he Forest Service F.anagernent will be its ability to ~aka us e of the cou..""lo il for the r egula tion , educatio n , and up-building of t he eo~ unit y. 11 · J.!an ngement Plan. Coincident with purchase of t he l and and preparat ion of the fi nal report, a great den l of attention was given to t :1e form of management that would ba to t he best i nterest of t ho community. It was t he iene r a l cons ensus from t he first t hat t he m!lnagement should follow e. definite Vll"i tten plan. - 51 - �The settler selection section of .t he plan was c ons idered firs t. Using t he stanoaras set up in the fina l r eport , t he r equirements and critori~ e sta blished by t he Chief ' s Office on September 1 6, 1936, and fo l lowing t he advice given currently b:,• '' • Camp , this section of the plan was . completed in tho field on November 28 , 1936. A skeleton ple.n• c overing the· other phases of management; was pre pared before e.ny Eettlers were admitted to the conrmuni ty, but due t o unce r tainty as to f a r m :m.!lr;.ag;ement and labor r olo.ticns it v.ras not c ompleted until a l ater date. I nsurnnce . I n keepi ng with the policy of ·the Farm S0curi ty 1.dministra t ion , the pr operty was i nsured on a. replncement be.sis . Rmwver , fo llowing the l as t l oss. i t devel oped t.11.at the ins uror .could setUe on a ca.s h basis if it s o desired . 'l'h@ cost of i nsur ance from. 1ay 20 , 1 93 '7 to DecEJmber 31, 1945 s $6, 385 .72 of which $3.,860 . 52 was paid fr om r ent&.l f unds . A r ecord of i nsurance cl aims i s ~bub.tad below·• aFarm : Property , No . : Damar,:ed . ·• t '· t 24 56 58 Total I 1 ...·:: •·' ,cause of : Date of : Ll-stj.ma'ved : DatG i f;a!l;..q,ge ;Settl~d : D~W£0 1 . ;~; : 200.00 • • . 30.00 65 . 00 t ,10/ 6-38 : 8/ 15-41 : 1/ 28-12 : DU!na£e I I : t 11 ;Dwel ling · :Lichtn.ing : 6/ 8-38 . , 23 : Burn t 13 ;D.vell ing 1 28 aBarn s 31 : furn .. . :J.ightni.r1g 13/ 3-41 : Lithtning :8/ 9-41 ,Lightning : 6/ 21- 42 1Lie;hfa1ing 16/ 21- 42 :D7.i-e ll ing :Lightning :7/29- 42 t tarn :Lightning : i / 9-43 : &rn -1Fire :12/ 1- 43 : xx xx xx ..• I 15. 00 Cost of i:Settlement i I f _iio/ s-12 l- :$ 187.00 s 13 .00 t 8 6 .00 : 23 .00 22.00 15 .00 10.00 l 1 i . I 15 . 00 · _:10/ 5-42 30.00 ·:11/ 12-42 t 25 .c-0 : 9/ 24-43 t 800.00 1 8/ Sl -44 s *800 . 00 :1 , 180 .00 xx 11 1156 , 00 . ' .· , . • Cash payment .. . : ; .. ,., ,· Secti on 2 or Public Law No. 845 - 74th Congr~ts. approved J une 29, 1936, provi des t ha t .... .. . ..•upon the r equest or any State or polit ica l sub-division • thsreof', or an y other l ocal pttblic t axing ,t:ii t , i n whioh Any s uch proj ect, desc ribed i n section 1, re.s been or will be constr ucted , t he Resettlement Administration 1s auti1orized to entor i nto an agr eement and to consent to t he r enewal or alterat ion t her eof ~ vrith s uch State or pol iti eal sub-divi sion t he~eof , or other local t axi ng uni t, f or t he ps.yment by the Uni ted Stat,.3 3 of $U~~ i n l ieu of t axes . Such sums shall be f ixed i n such e.n asree~snt and s hall be bas ed u pon the c os t of t he public or muni ci pal serv ic e s to - 32 l l : : f �SUBLI M ITY FOREST COM MUNITY MAN AGE MENT PLAN ORG AN IZAT ION CH ART CHIEF ADMINISTRATOO ' FSA FS REGiO NA L FO RESTER FOREST I SUPERVIS O~ I 1 Tl ~BER NG T. LA N DS STAFF ASS~. STAFF Ass'T. I I I I STAFF Ass'r. I SUBLl tJ ITY ~OVISORY RANGER COl.1tA ITTEE ..---------I__, .--~I-----. SOCIAL AGRONOMIST WORKER SETTLERS •- COOPERATIVE - 33 - I ENGINEERI NG CLERICAL �be suppli ed for the benefit of such pr oj ect ·or t ho persons r esidiP~ on or occupying such premise s , but t aking into cons i deration the oonofits to be derivec'l. by such State or sub-divi sion or other taxi ng unit from such projects.a In order to arrive a t an equito.ble bas is for making paymen-t t o the oounty i n lieu of t~xes , t he percentage t hat the average assessed valua-tion of the r ese·ctlem nt land, durinr. th.e last sevon years , bore to t ho price paid for it by t he go·vermnent was applied to -tha cost to the govcrn,'Uent of that pa.rt or the c ompleted proj ect '\l.hich 1'h8 ·\'iould be s ubj e ct to property tax i f i n private ownership. figur e t hut arrived nt was i 12,751.53, On August 3 • 1937 the Laurel County Fiscal Court a.greed ·che.t by taking i nto account t he benefi ts derived fron1 public road i mprovements 1nude 1n connection with the dovelopment of' the communi t y. the only pay- ment t o the county t hat could be justified i'fould be for school s ervices r endered occupants of the c ommunity. It was agreed t hat t he school · tax rate- of 75 cents pe r $100.00 bo applied to the valu.a..: tion of $72 , 751 . 63· e.nd t ha. t t he actu!t l payment each year be t he srune percentage of tne ;.,546. 00 arrived at as the percenta.go of o coupancy <luring t he yes. r. A r ecorcL of :pa.y.ments t o t he county in l leu of t uxes fallows. •Fiscal f Year • I 1 938 1 939 1 940 r H .l41 1 1 942 I 1 S43 $ • I I 1944: HJ 5 "'" .;Average Occupancy a : 1 : ; Co:npL1ted 1 1 Amount l 300. _0 0 ~39 . 00 s : Nu:r;ibar 1 ' 1. 1 I I 2 1 f •s • 1'otsl : 36 41 43 50 50 51 54 56 48 's s I : S. I : Percent 55 62 73 7G 76 77 82 85 73 I ' I I I • l l . Sta.tu~ of' paymon-ta i n lieu of ta:xe o i 399 . 00 415 .00 ~15 . 00 420 . 00 448 . 00 464 . 00 's . 200 . 00 i ... f l J : .Amount Paid ~- Paid+ .•l Cu:e.1 l a ti ve 273 . 00 : 273.00 . 410 . 00 500 . 00 500 . 00 430 . 00 430.00 430 . 00 ~3 , 246 . 00 : I ' I t I : - 27 .. 93 - 82 + s + 88 + 98 + 60 + 46 + 46 'l'he Region wou l d c o,;;pute t he · a rr.oun'~ due t ho county t>.nd include it in t he budget f er each ye.1r. The atcount -;as l'!e er ques ti oned and 11ra s always approved as set up in the buc;.get . Eowcver , after it ue.s a pp roved and t he funds allotted . t he wo rk incicent to paying the county had ~ca rce ly begun . Each yea r the manag:ement was r e;uired to submi t e.n ana l ys is of the county ' s tax structure and fi r..e.ncial condition to be usod, so it ~cia said , as a bo.s is for prepar ing t he a reeraent r equired by Sea . 2 ot - 34 - t : I I r l f I I ' ' I �Public La-r1 lio. 845. Arter repaated f oll ow-ups. the Forest Service would reocd.vc a i'on:1. contract on which the amount previously approved and allotted would be fill ed in. Approval of the county officials \"/8.G obtained by the I<~orest S0rvice and t ho ng;rec:nent r eturned. After more follow-ups t he ugre e.ment would be approved t~wa. rd the end of the fiscal year . Complete f ailure resulted from efforts to s implify and speed up this procedure . Sattler Selection . Procedure t Settlers ,1ere sslected in accordance w:l.til the procedure s um..marized on the diagram en p~ge 36. The matter of choosing settlers on a sound and equitable basis was one of the most controversial questions that confronted the lI'anag;ament at any time . The fr aree rs of the fi nal report and all forest and Regional Officers ,vere of the opinion that some sox:t of measuring scale would be highly desirable, but how to reduce to a com.~on denominator such virtues a.a honesty, i ndustry, compatibility, eto., remained a proble-::1 . Mr . Camp of the Chief's Office o.g;reed with the Regional point of view and in January 1936 he set up a broad and • general 1..<tse for redc1cing in·,ang ible family characteristics to specific .terms . Mr . l rffln of the Chief ' s Office disagreed . ne took t he position t hat there c,,3 no local responsibil ity for :ma jor decisions affecting -individual f amili es and t hat f ami lies . b9 accepted or rej ected by one who would not be available at a later date to give reasons for his decisions . Upon b.sistence by t.ite Rogion that no r espons ibility be hidden or conveniently placed away, the warning ~-as given alt may prove.da~n convenient to have fi nal selection of settlers mace from al'ar so t hat r eoponsibility for decisions cannot be located ." The Region went ahead and prepared the s ettler selection section of the management plan which included a numerical scale for ehowing_ the r elative suitability of a;rplicants . It wus approved by the Regional Forester on Dsce~ber 28, 1936 and conditionally approved by .Assistant Chief, L. F. K."leipp, on February l, 1937 . Final approval was withheld pending concurrence by the Resettl ement Administr ation and t he working out of certain details by ks srs . Camp and Ir-.rln. Tha plan was not ,'.fell r eceived by the Settler Selection Division of The Resettlement Ad::ninistration . Here the position was taken that no scoring syste~ could be acceptable to r eal sociologist s since it would be a reflection on their ability t o use their profess ional t alents . The a.:nswer that Sublmi ty was confronted wtth t he practical problem of n0.u-professional peot-1le choosing settlers and 11:.e. i ntaininz; r eco r ds to justify t he ir reco.r.nnendat ions was of no avail. The Resettlement Ad_,iinistration agreed 7rith lfr . I rrin's point of vi e~ t hat the lo ca l public should not be able - 55 - �,.,,.·,, DIAGRAM OF SETTLER SELECTION PROt)EDllRE APPLICATION Form CNF 300 R1clpl1nt Sublimity Ranger Acknowledoe1 Receipt on Form CNF 302 Sublimity Ronoer Sets Up Form CNF 301 Apptlcont Not EIIQlble Sublimity Ronoer Recommend, Appllcont EIIQlble Applicant& Quollficotlons lnv11tioat1d ~ Appllcont Apparently Quolif led u,109 Forme CNF 303, 30:5 Forut Supervisor Recommends Applicant Apparently Unqualified Subtlmlty Ronoer Rtcomm1nd1 Commlth• Ach Sublimity Ronoer RecofM'lend• forut Supervisor Recommend• Appllconl R1J1ctod for11t Supervl1or Recommends Phyalcol Exomlnotlon of Applicant 8 Fom11y Usino Formt CNF 306,7 8:8 Sublimity Ronoer Notifies Applicant on form CNF 304 CommiUH Acts Forut Suptrvlaor Rtcommtnd1 Subllmlty Rono•r Ent.,.. Act ion on form CNF 301 Appllcont Rejected Committee Acta Subllmlty Ronoer Notifltt Applicant on Form CNF 304 Appllcanl Rejected Alternate Sublimity Rono•r Enten Acrion on form CNF 301 Sublimity Ronoer Notifies Applicant on Form CNF 304 Sublimity Rono•r Not ifies Applicant on Form CNF 311 c,:i 0) Subllmlty Ronoer Enters Action on form CNF 301 Appllconh Accepted 01 1 Settler Sub li mity Ronoer Notlfie1 Appricont on form CNF 312 Sublimity Ranger Enters Act ion on Form CNF 301 Sut>,imlty Ronoer Anions Home Subli mity Ronoer Seti ...__ _ _U~p_ Form CNF 313 �- -- - 1->- --- - s: -1- - I- rl CJ llil )I I IU \ ..... .... ;-< r1 I r1 1u ... - <-' ( (! H·, ;. ; ' ' , cr 1-H 9, '6 ,-+ 1- 1- 1'7I1 S.:. i -- # i ·""~ i'i \.. n, ~'- __ ... !• I. I , :,:: 1- , , IU I~ :~ t - 12=.~ rI + lF µ, rh ,- I I :J> ... ...., ..I.- I I 1-'-i " H -; c;.. .Jr" -1 I t., ..:_ -- --ki1I I -- ~ I l• I -- . .w... ..,.. :r--1""7:: ,. L .:.-: ,.... 0 \.,' r-· # I ~l -- -tJf ... .,..:- I I -;;,-➔ I ....,J... I I I I I I I -it:::, .. - -- ~ ,_H . I- ,,_C.... (j,, ) >- ,, ;. , :a: I I ,1:- -, '. t:. I"', !') -. 1.,; K-1 ,~., " <... r-- r-- ~ 1,1. 1 '-' I'-" .,,.- ,· -1 I if.. "O .,., '-' ~ 1:- I"- ,i.C.. l. . -- I ~- ... ,_ - I ;::;, d- -t r- ~ f...J - , ::: r,L I I .,...., I -'~ r - ' w .~ ,_ ..,·,•. "' _1~- -r - V I'-- H ; -t} •....L ; I I -+- . I - * I-< f, I +~ .:4- I I I i,:.. ¥ . -t-t~.,, rl . •T I I ~ ,<L 'I I I I c. v. ,,.._ , - -ft,}- ~ I - •-I'- r ).. ,- I __,_ -+- · ,- _I '- I I I'- ~ ' --1- ut · 'a: I-(, ~ !'7 ,;-· ,, I ' 1- .t ;:~ . I - -~+ I>- re . '-~1+ +g= - ~ •-' H> -~c.;1-- +- l •l I lJi V ' µ, ,- I -+- ,.. ,,.. 1-,- H 7'7), .,. ... I- - , ... I I !!..r i -+ I - ++ -++ 1--- Q 1..- , +" ,... id- -- - - ,__ ltj - '-I•~ ~ I # T-"t - -1- -- T -- ::: t' ·-i- ,4 I - -··--•- -- --- ~-- •-1- - - <JJ - -+ I -... + ·-- t: -~=r+ -- T-:.:: )·-r I C, ·~ . ;n "' ... -- ~I l- J -- ----t~! :±..+ I -- -·, - >, u. u. '4 I I ""r!e,. ,- I >- ¾ =:tt th tt I -- -· -- ·.-t I- ·-•- ... I ( ,.,.. ,_,... <=- - 1-1- .i::; '- , __ - ~ I " 1=:- ,:;-I · s= ,__ ' ... ~I -1- I - ~1 l I .:.T I- - , i:: <L ~1• ' - , I J,ii ~ -- ~- __-- ,...", --__ -ff~ I ~s ' C. t"' -1 •' #. # 6 µ, -,~ I I . ii'{ "' :r '"' • 7~ C • C , C -1=;r H •f-1 -t1 I I J.+ +~- a (/j · 1 p ., lr "1_ ,l., 'T' \ >l)l;_ ,t< ) l ..J fr:: i ......, ~ -· r'< -~ - · I- Li- -- -- , 1~- -cl ,.. ', - --· I . ... - ,c-.., l - I -- - ... ... - - ·- I- 11-4_ I .,... ·I-- - 1- - < I -,- - ... -- -- -- - ----- - 1- - - -- ------ ·- __ , - - 1- - --· -- -- ,_ -- I ,·ct~ I I I I I I -c fLj .:: I i- , '-" ... , ,' - ' I '• ' .... 1--' I-' I ~ .,:.. I I I I ·1 ~ I-ii .., ~- µ ·' - 1 f• I f'· ·r< ~ M "' .., ...., ., I I r H 0 r- r E.u "M 'T ,., ,;-, .... . . !• ,,_, ,,. ... '= ' q ;• I 'I " .,' . I' er:> ~IJ I ~ ,...., r' . {)\ - I I I r/f- __, ;- - , ' ~ -a,_L ... I I + ......:· I I I ~· ,., ' IS .... I I '.I. '1 u "'<' I I I I I I j-' • r, I U, I I I rrn •:..., I I hT .,... ' I I I I I I I I I ' ' 1-4 I I I 1. I I I ' i I I I I I I -- ,..,; , ·r- ,' \ - I ' I le ' - µ ,,-_ I ...,,.. I ,-.. ..., I "'- I ·- .., ''- I I I ;-- H '- I i I ' I I _, ,~-, -" I I . ' I I : I I i I I . I I f- I I I I I I I I ... :+ I �to locate the source; of de cisions, on the r;roun<ls ·that it would strengthen t~e l ocal management organiza tion to be able to truthf ully say that rojections were caused by a social worker who woul d . be gone by t he tima que s -bions were asked . This position was in ooni'lict with tha standards for Resettlo:,,ent's o.-rn proj ects whioh r e quired that Settl e rs bo chosen by R lo ca l Cormni ttae . Mr. Camp was inclined to r everse his former position and go along with the Resettlement Ao.ministra tion on the bas is of' t heir superior knowledge and vride:r ex9erience in tho settler selection fiald . After cons iderable ,vra.nglin 6 both tho Re se~·c loment Administration and the Chief's Office agreed to consider the Settler Selection pl ~n further nnd giv0 t he Region thei r obj ection to it in wri ting . At t ha end of t wo weeks the plan was approved as an in;>'e nnous approach, provided the ste.ndards were applied _with judgment. The plan was then put into effect and, . followed in determining the suitability of all nn plicant fe.mil i fla·, The sca l e used for eva luating the r ol ative suita bility of f ami lies· ·follov,s - ,Dependents utrlmDependents 15 , 15 vears of o.ge ::yea.rs or ol der s ---"and ,?Lax . I Value: 1ax . I Value , l!- x·. : Value : rlax . ,Value - I a , Charaoteristics 1vu1u0 : Given t Value , Give n 1 Value s Given :Value 1Given I a I Attributes t Health 1 Honasty . 1 'l'emperateness Man a I .S 1 16 10 10 • Industry e.nd 1 Thriftiness Ad.a pta bi 11ty 1 1 More.la Cleanl i neas 1 Re s ourcefulness 1 Stcadiness 1 Neighborlincss 1 1Attitude 1 I n.~el l I i gence Total 1-0 15 10 .s s 5 . . 5 5 5 5 5 . il0O I l I, : i ' •t s .f ' ' ' I f I t I I I I r I I : ' Wife· 15 10 ; I 10 10 15 15 10 3 3 3 3 3 100 i 1 ' ' I . I : I a t l ~o t ..... . . •I . ' ..... 20 I I •: : 15 --- ·15 15 I 20 I I 10 10 I : J I I I l I s : • . I 10 15 12 8 4 4 4 4 4 l 100 s I t l ~~ • I a t I I I' l I l ' I l I I l t r i 100 They were d is posed of as follow·s Acc epted as s ettlers Rej e cte d as settlers Wi thdrew before act ion Disqua lified because of age , r esidance , etc. Pendins J anuart 15, 1943 when settler s election activities were discontinued 227 293 92 61 18 I ,I I f The sum of all entries d ivi ded by t he numbe r or c ol u..--nns fill ed out gavo t he r at i ng for the f amily. The re were 691 · applie s. tions r eceived . .. 1 �Of the 691 applicant fe.mil i os . 325 were examined and ra.tod according t o t he s cale on pa.go 38 . The results of t he examina tions o.r o t abul ated · on pages 87 to 101 and sum."11Arized on page 49. l...n i nteres tini inslGht i nto t he matter of settl er s el ect ion , v,hich r efl e cts t he psychol ogy of ti1e t ime , v.ras t he fee ling on t he par t of a l most every- body connected with the proj ect ., except Di stri ct Rancor B. E. lf9.nsbe r ger ., t hat the management woul d be owamped wit h appli cations . One of t he ea rly "probl ems" wa.s how to prevent an excessive nwnbe r of applications a nd what to do to keep the demand for occupancy from get ti ng out of hand . O-i1 t he Forest • nppli cat 5.ons Yrere t hought of i n t orms of hundreds . In f act ., t he f i nal r ep or t pr ovided for the Ranger t o vi s it t he fi rs t one hundred hii;hest r ated applicants . :iention of a s many a s a t h ousand applicants t o be considered at one t ime was not uncommon in dis cuss ions with members of t he Chi ef' s Office . B. E. J:ansberge r argued t ha t t he r e ma y have to be s ome canvassing i n orde r t o g0t t he des ired number of suitable applicants a nd when he f a iled to get a .hearing he corumentsd s · "This all proves t hat vre don ' t know t he people we a re dealing wi t h." Area s The ori gi nal r eport provi ded t hat Settlers mu st be bon~ fid e residents of Gome pa.rt of t hat e.1·ea i ncluded wi thin t he boundaries of t ho Cumbe rland National Fores t. Howeve r ., i n a nti ci pation of too many appl icntions to be pr ocessed ., t he area fr om vlhi ch a pplica tions woul d be recei ved wa s at fir st l i mit ed to t he Sublimity Hanger Distr ict . Appli cations ~ere i nvited on Febr ua r y 18, 1937 , by .an i t em i n the l ocal -paper and notioe s pos ted throughout t he nrea . Contra ry to expe ctations ., t he f lood of appl i cantions did not mat e rialize and up to ;;a,rch 31 , 1937 ~nly 12 had been r eceived. On Apri l 1., 1 93 7 the area f rom which applica tions would be r eceived was e nlarged to i nclude a11 ·or the Fores t sout h of Ke ntucky River ., except the portions lyine; i n Es till and .Wayne Count i e s . Tnii; did not proyide t he des ired r es ults and t he e ntire fore st was t he f iel d after Ua.y 5, 1937 . On November 18 , 1941 t he sele ction area was furt he r extended t o i nclude f amilies livi ng outs ido the national fores t boundary, but within t he ~one of influence of t ho community . On Octobe r 21, 1942 t he Regional Forester app r oved a r e commendation of t he f orest and adv i s ory committee t ha t non-se ttler s be a dmitted t o t he communit y on t he basis of a hi ghe r r ental t h.an was r equired of regul ar settlers ,. and with the unders tanding t hat t hey we re t emporary oceupanta a nd woul d va cate when the premi s es were needed by r egul ar · s ettl ers . · - 39 - - �- 1-++ -,-l---l--+- I-1- -- - -i --1-+-l---1--4--1-.LLI l' \ 1---t-1--+-Ll-l---l-l 1- 1-- le, ,, I~ 1-- --t-t-17-+t+,H++-i+-I---I--W-~LIt l -- ,_ 1-1-- ·r ~ - ' i=tf'l++++++ +-l---t...W:.J.J. r ;... !--I-1-,_L-.1-- I !--.I- (~ _ I I ' 1 H i---1--1---+1•-l' --.;,''~•--+-H++-.1-l--L 7 ! ' - - 1-- +'r►-cl H-1----l-.:....,.~' - I -, -1 I >' I I. ' '"' 1 :I ' I i .,.., z,, ' ' 1 :--1 ' I ... - I J -I .D 1--1--- -· •- = .f!... ~- - c , -+-1-+-+--l-1 ..... I I ,r, ' I IL (. ' L-. !--I-- ~ 1• f"-1~ "-' I, -+!= 1--k ~ I _,..I I -)-~'- - I-- I ·- ,-.. I ... ·i:-: ·1 . I I I !--I-- . I I I I ' ..LL ,-., ' ~ +t-·tt-1l-::.IH -tt--H4-H-f-1LJ.-W-WLLUIT1 1Il I I I ' I ' I I I I I - I I I I ' "~- w.. +±U-W+ H -t-+-H-1--.--'i::::,:::_,_J._ l'.l I ,u '--'-I I I I I I I I' I I I I I I I I,u '--- . I I I I I i I I I I I I ., l l - ' I ~ I I I ! : I I I ' I I I I I I 7 I I I I I i ;:r.tp+-·-, I l I ' I ' I I I I I u. cu "I I I ... ' ' I I ! [ I I I I ' I I ! I I I I I I I I ' i I i I I ! TC I I I ' ,.., 7 I I I I I I I 'I I I - j 7 I I I An I I I I I l I I I I 1--- I I ' I I I, H + H++--1-••1 ~J I - I I I+- . ~-r:7 ld~:-+--H-++-~-LL.l~ I I I I ' I I I ' f ' I I I I ! I I ' I ' I �On Janua ry 15, 1943 t he Region.al Forester rul ed t h.a t no more r egular settler s would be admitt ed to the Co:nmunity in vi ow of the pending liquida tion. At that time t he re ware four selected families mvai ting· oooupanoy and six more were to be r ecom.~ended fo r acceptance at a s_o heduled meoting of the .Advisory _Com::n.itt-e e v,hich was oa.nceled . Ma intenance. The Licensing Agreement provided th.at the licensee shal la · Keep the premises throughout in good order and. r epai r a.nd in a clean and heal thful c ondition; --and ~ upon the expiration or te rmination of t his l icense , deliver up tho premis es i n the same good order and condition as at present , reason.. able wear excepted." This was interpreted to mean that the Settlers would use due care and diligence i n the use of _the property; that they would do mi nor· repair jobs such as keaping doors and gates swinging free and closing breaks in fen ces . They wer.e also required to keop down excessive vegetQtion and t heir l awns mowed . The Forest Service ass um.ed· r espons ibility for all ~a jor mainten!lnce jobs except those r esul ting fr om gross neglibence on the part of t he settler or his family. This consisted of keepin6 the houses painted , koeping the plumbing in working order . and replacing broken, decayed or worn out parts. · Forest Service met its maintenance responsibility by keeping a supply of parts and fixtures, 8lllploying settlers as haudy men, limited use of the CCC, and cooperation by the llYA. Maintenance during the first year was negligible and was s.ocoroplished with contri buted time . During the se cond and t hird years a l a r ge purt of Forest Service maintenance wa s devoted to di ggi ng up and r epl antfng s ewer lines . Pa.rt of t his was due to f aul ty construction and i mproper levels , but it -w as also partly due to and greatly aggravated by the disposal of all ki nds of things by the water closet routa. In a ddition -t o garbage and gener&.l household wa s t e , t he maintenance men fish ed bath towels, hardwa r e , children ' s Sunday clot~es and othe r things too numerous to mention out of t he s ewer lines. This abuse subsided as the people fo und out wna t a -v.rater closet v:ould do. Finding out ·was hastened by a threat that any s ewer line r equired to be dug up on account of imp_roper us e T.-rould be charge d to t he occupant of the house. Other Forest Service m!l.intenance cons isted_of' no rni.,.l re pai_rs and re-. place~euts ~uch as should be expected of any prope rty or like nature. The CCC was -used i~ a limited way to mow and spread lhle and phosphate on unoccupied and une. llotted la.nd . This work lasted fr om 1938 to 1940. - 41 - �During its occupBncy as indicated on page 40 the Nati onal Youth • .Ad.rrd.nistratioi1 pa i n t ed and addsid spouting to all •of t he houses . This involved a cash outlay of ,;; 26~ .oo and 1 , 700 hours l abor valued at ~383. oo. All Government ma:int enance f acilities cmd .costs are s umma rized below; : .• Fiscal : ..•• Year .•. t 1938 t t .• 19.39 : 194.0 : 1941 1942 ..•• .: .. .• 19!}3 : 1944 1945 ls . .• Tota - \ I Ae;_ency__ and cost or s ervi ce r F. s. : · 438. 81 1, 501. 52 c.c .c. .• root .••• Rebuilt cellar s . . Mowed and .• .• •• : t •· l:,480. 55 • 1,282. 73 f ert ilized un- : 2:,648. 99 • occupi ed land. t ... : : : N. Y. A. 3, 636. 03 ~ ~,: == .• : Painted and : added spout- : ing to housef.: •• t ► 4,503. 29 _15 ;1;_9,1. 92 •• : . .• .• t Fiscal Control. $ 647: • : - . • The investment costs t:ere borne by the Resettlement Ad.minist ration vd th the exception of overhead and inspection contributed by t he Forest Service , and a l imited amount of services performed by t he Civilian Conservation Corps and t he N. Y. A. An over-a ll financia l statement is sumi11a r i zed below: Total original investment : $390,056, 00 ~ 13,,770. 00 Cash Contri buted Less ~ (1) Development of public r oads not properly chargeable t o t he c cr.fil!lilllity. ,. {2) Cost to Goveni.ment of tracts C and 37 t r ansferred to t he Forest Service . (3) Unobligated bal ence i n r ental re ceipts fl)n4 on June 30, 1946. I . f403,826. 00 45,762.00 5,475.00 15,595.50 I (4} Sal e price upon liquidati<>n. Financial l oss t o Government _26__3_1_1_23_._5_0_ _ _3?9,9560 00. 73,870. 00 - 42 - I �Pisposition of' t he original i nvestment : Retained by Governn.ent Public i.."llprovenents Retur ned i n money or securiti~s . Not r etuFned ex cept to the extent t hut it provid0d employ~ent , end benefits to those who vront through the co:nmunity. Tota}. ~ 5,475 .00 or 1.4% 45,7 62 .00 or 11.3% 278,719.00 or 69 . 0% 73,870.00 or 18 .3% $403,826.00 or 100.0% The fi nal r eport made it plnin t hat as an experLuental undertaki~ full amortization, interest and maintenance costs should be no more of an objective than they would ba i n other experiments or forms of research. Ilov1ever, the r eport showed an es-timated annual i ncome of $12,103.16 as ne cessary to c,over t hese costs . I t was understood t hat t he eT.pense of management would be borne by t he Forest Service nnd that maintenan ce nnd upkeep of the property would be fi nan ced wi th re ntal funds vlhich would be made available for e a ch fisca l yea r . Rentals were collected by t ho Forest Service . deposited in 'l'he Bankhead-~lack Trust Fund and could. be s pent only when allotted by the R~uettl e~ent Administration or t he Farm Security Administra tion . Thi s wa s a good rrangemont in theory since t~ere l.ere funds at all times and they were subject only to administrative controls . Ho".'r ever , in prnctice, t he de l ays in _rnakine maint enance f unds available caus3d considerable e~barra ss~ent and i r ritation at t he begi nni ng of' each fisca l year. The l atest date on wh ich a budge t for t he succeedinb fiscal year ~"8.s submitted by t he Regi on was May 22 . ~he earliest date on which f unds were made available for the curre nt fisc al year wa s August 19 . Therefore , for a period cf from one a nd one-half to more than three nionths of each year t he loca l :r;,.anageilient was confronted ,·ri th t he• dilel!mla of faili ng to keep faith with the settlers by neglecting urgent maintenance or com.mit a -most s er ious fi scal violation by obligatinb fund s before t hey were available . - 43 - �The t a bula tion below shows t he actual r eceipts nnd expendit'"Ures by f isca l y ears : l l ,F. Yo ,Rental Receipts 1 I l t l938 ',$ 2. 795.11 I l : Allotted a Forward to I I I 11939 s ' l : a J 11940 l I I I J f l 11 941 a : , I I '11942 I I 4, 388.00 1,840. 64** ' 871 .00 a 1,641.50 I lt664 . 19 I • 136.50: 848.31 I I l I l I ' :J 1,664 .1 9 : * 1~ 480 .18 l lf210 . 85 a 1, 911.52 : f I l s Forvra.rd from 940 s Allot'ced 1, 210.85 Forward to 1942 1,52 6.30 l 1,980.55 : 2,296_.00 : ' l l Forward f rom ' 41 l, 526e30 : a Allotted · 2, 824.00 : 1 Allotted "'*"3 , 202 eOO : a Forward to 1 943 ,:·,.::2 , 567. 64 4,984 .66 : 1 l. 4,536.28 1 1 a _. 1- n I I ,1943 , 1 · Expenditures . $1,007 . 50 -: $ 871 . 00 l ug , Forward fron1 ' S9 a Allotted t Forward to 1S41 4,109.88 I . I , .Forward from '38 . a Allotted a Forward to 1 940 3,297.05 : l Allotments I 4,859.61 Forward from '42 1 : Aliotted a s Fonre.rd to 1944 t t I 11944 a a 5,972.70 a 1 s , Fonro.rd from ' 43 I Allotted c For.ra rd 1945 t I : 1 a a a 1 1 1 1 2,5 67 . 64 , 3,057 .oo . 1,887.06 3,737 . 59 I I · 4 ,0.6 6.03 : t t t I Forward from ' 44 1, 621.03 : a Allotted S,523.06: t Unobligated balance · a 1 on 6/30-45 210. 80 : 1 a a Z to ~ : 1, 88 7.06 : S,800.00 , 1,621.03 : I 6,394 .67 l I 1 11945 a , s 4,933.29 s 1 a 1 1----,---------r--------------------- 1 Total ~38 ,1 93 . 94 1 $22,831 .24 1 ~22 ,59 8.44 1 ·---------------------------------- ' I 1 1 • Unobligated balance in r ental rece ipts fund on June 30, 1946. I $15 1 595.50 1 1 These entri es i ncluua $22 .00 of appropriation 3-0T695, Operation and Ma intenanee of Resettl ement nnd Rural Rehabilitation Projects, Farm Seourity ,Administrati on (Trust Fu.nd )ff never recalled or forwarded to a succeeding year . · •* Ref und on cancelled i nsurance premium deposited in rental f und account . ••• Spe cia l Allotment to pay i nsurance pre::ni u:n for 5-year period ending Decembe r 31, 1945. �' • Rentals. Rentals nerved the two-fol d purpose of (1) collect.ing r eturns on the· i nvestment and (2 ) initio.ting tho people 1,nto a ne w philos ophy tho.t of pa ying cash for household comforts and conveniences. Da.s_ed on advice from officia l s of the R3settlanent Administration, diz zy mathematica l gymna stics rirere re s orted to in a.n effort to roooncil e rentals and amortization of the i nvest~ent , but the right · fi gure was nevor arrived at. On May 15, 1937, the Chief's· Oi'f'ice gave the Region t he r ental schedul e as tabulated on page 4 6. This Schedule "was an attempt to set forth a group of r sntals C-Ot!'!l71ensurate with t._~e cost of t he oommunity to t he Govern~ent., ever mindful of t!'l.e fundamental necessity of correlating this cost wi th the ·settl er 's ability to pay." The provioion for a progressive i ncrease in r entals during t he first £ive years was based on t he assumption t hat five years would be required to get the land in full production, and the rel ationships between f arm and othe r work ha r mo.µio usly ad j usted . This Yfas probably sound in the ory but proved to bo umrholesome i n practic e . It s eems . that as the people· advanced in t he socio-ecQnomie sca l e the gap bet-ge en t he ir i nco:ne a nd t he ir desires and needs grow wider instead of narrower , e.s ,-ms anticipated. Things t hat were luxuries at first became necessities at a faster r ate t han the i ncome was increased . Consequently, t }1e minimum rental continued to be 8: burden even though the f amily i nc ome was 1!!.!iteria.lly increased. For this r ea son the step-up in r entals 'MlS never put into effect and the schedule for 1939 continued t hrough 1945 . • The rental schedule for non-s ettlers wh o occu pi ed Subl imity was $10.00 pe r month for ho.me sites (yard# barn, iot, etc.) vnth 4-room houses, $12.50 per month for ho:ne sites- l'iith 5-rooni hou se s and $2 . 00 per acre per year for l and not included in the home site. This approximates t he maximum rental scheduled for t he settlers to pay. _The tempora ry licensing agreements provided t hat rentals would be paid monthly in &dvance . Collections were made in accordance with Forest Service procedure for collecting s pe cial use fees • ... 45 -- �IIUl!LIWIT! r om.:ST COlillUli lTY !) J.PPROVED BEllT.!L SCllllX'Li Jlo . l 2 3& . a 3 3b g 7 8 9 10 11 12 ( ' Group ia l5 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 ~a 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 ja ~ 37 38 ~ 41 42 ~ ~ 47 .Booms 3. 7 3-5 4.S 3.3 3., 3. 2.9 2.3 gJ. 4 5 4 4 3b 3b 3b 2b 3b t.t5.1 2a 1g.1 3.0 3.5 7-5 7.1 3.4 3.s 7.4 3.6 3,g 11,g 26.a 9. 6. 7 4.5 lb 2b 2& 3 2 llo~~· 3b 2a 2b 3a 4 l 3 2a 3a 6.s 3 6.1 6.o 5.3 13.9 16. 7 2.6 4.4 3-a 2a . 3 3a lb lb 3b 2a 3a 3a 3a 3a 2& 3& 3a 3b 3b la 2 2& 52 le 3b ~ ~ 3a 51! lb lb la 2a le le 57 le 59 6o 61 62 63 64 3a f q lor 66 2b Jb 3a 9J. a 9J. ii u 6J. gJ. 7J. 6J. 7J. 7J. 9J. 6J. :Boggi SJ. 6A 6J. SJ. 9>. 7J. 9J. 6J. SJ. 9>. 7J. 9>. 9J. 6J. ' 5 5 5 5 4 5 7 4 5 a 4 a a4 a 4 5 6J. a 7J. SJ. 9J. a4 4 u 4 9.J. a4 6J. 9J. 8J. 7J. 7• 6.1. 7• 6.1. 9.6 12.0 3.0 4,1! 4,9 9.9 11.a 13. 16.1 15.1 13.s 3.4 4. 7 3.5 3., SJ. fe,-l or 8J. 7J. 3. 7 9J. ' 4 u u u ,. 2b 7>. 9>. 9,g 2 u a•9 .3 5.2 4.4 3.0 4.6 4.3 20.5 9.6 9.3 3a 6J. 9J. L 2.5 2a le 65 fyp o 2b 49 50 51 J.cn,&e 2a 48 Cal endar ! • "1" ind lion thly Ren t a l llouu h rm 7J. 6.1. gJ. 9>. 6J. 11.. 6.1. 7J. 6J. 7J. 6J. 6.1. 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 a4 5 5 5 5 5 5 a4 4 5 a 1939 6.50 g,oo 7.00 6.00 7.50 6.00 6.00 6.00 7.50 6.oo g,oo 9.50 7.50 g,oo 7.00 s. 50 7.50 6.oo s. oo 7.50 6.50 ,.oo 11.00 7.00 s.oo 6.50 7.00 $ s.oo 7.00 6.50 9.50 9.50 6.00 g.oo 6.50 6.50 6. 50 · 6.50 11.00 6.50 6.50 6.00 6.00. 6.50 g,oo 10.00 s.50 g,oo 9.00 s.50 9. 00 6.00 6.50 l!.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.50 9.50 10. 00 6.50 z.25 .50 7.50 7.50 6.oo 1940 s.oo 6.00 9. 50 s.oo 6.00 s . oo 9.50 g,oo 10.00 11.50 9.50 10.00 9. 00 10.50 9.50 8.00 10.00 9.50 g,50 10.00 13. 00 9.00 10. 00 g,50 9.00 10. 00 9.00 s.50 11.50 11.50 g,oo 10.00 s.50 s.50 s.50 g,50 10.00 g,50 s.50 11.00 l!.00 g,50 10.00 12.00 10.50 10.00 11.00 10. 50 11.00· l!,00 s.50 10.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.50 11. 50 12. 00 s.50 9.25 s . 50 9. 50 9.50 f0fJ.LS ;449,5 Perc ent ot ul t 1matc · r ontal $ 496. 75 58i $ 6u . 75 $ 727. 75 ni 115i J.-.er-.i;• 7-53 9. 53 $5,961.00 7,545.00 J.nnual - 46 - 19 42 1941 $10.00 11.50 10.50 9.50 11.00 9.50 9.50 9.50 11.00 9.50 11.50 13.00 11.00 11. 50 10.50 12. 00 11.00 9.50 11.50 11.00 10.00 11.50 14.50 10.50 11.50 10•.00 10.50 11.50 10. 50 10.00 13.00 13. 00 9.50 11.50 10.00 10.00 10. 00 10. 00 11.50 10. 00 10.00 9.50 I 9,50 10.00 11.50 13.50 12.00 11.50 12.50 12.00 12.50 9.50 10.00 11. 50 12.50 12. 50 12.50 13. 00 13.00 13.50 10. 00 10. 75 10.00 11.00 11.00 9.50 $ s.50 10.00 9.00 $11.00 12.50 11.50 10.50 12.00 10.50 10.50 10.50 12.00 10.50 12.50 14.oo 12.00 12.50 11. 50 13.00 12.00 10.50 12.50 l?.,00 11.00 12.50 15.50 11.50 12.50 11.00 11.50 12.50 11.50 11.00 14.oo 14.oo 10.50 12.50 11.00 11.00 11.00 11.00 12.50 11.00 11.00 10.50 10. 50 11. 00 12. 50 14.50 13.00 12.50 13. 50 13.00 13.50 10.50 11, 0C 12.50 13.50 13.50 13.50 14. oo 14. oo 14.50 11.00 11.75 11. 00 12.00 12.00 10.50 1943 $12.00 . 13.50 12. 50 11.50 13.00 11. 50 11.50 11.50 13.00 11.50 13.50 15.00 13.00 13. 50 12.50 14.oo 13. 00 11.50 13. 50 13. 00 12. 00 13. 50 16. 50 12.50 13.50 12.00 12.50 13. 50 12.50 12.00 15.00 15.00 11.50 13.50 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 13. 50 12.00 12.00 11.50 11.50 12.00 13.50 1,.50 l ,00 13. 50 14.50 14. oo 14.50 11.50 12.00 la,50 1 .50 14.50 14.50 15.00 15.00 15.50 12.00 12. 75 12. 00 13. 00 13.00 11.50 793. 75 9~ $ g59. 75 11.03 12.03 13.03 S, 733,00 9,525.00 10,317.00 $ l~ �A record of rental collections by fiscal years f'ollows 1 11 'F. l I Collected .s Percent : Aino1.1nt 9S.7 ,$2 .,795 .11 t Y. 1938 I 1939 I 1940 t 1941 1942 I : ' 'a . 3.,297.05 4 ,109.88 I t : : : : : 4,388 .00 s I 4,536.28 : f . 4.,8 59 .61 : 5,972 .70 : 6.,394 . 67 . 100.0 : $3 6-t.353. 30 : 97.9 : I 1943 . 1944 1945 :Total 98.8 97.0 ' .: 94.S 97.0 97 .3 99.5 '' Uncollected Amount Percent t 35.75 S8.95 126.13 266 . 66 140 .00 135.95 30.90 · · . I t ' l : t t 774.34 1.3 1.2 3.0 6.7 s.o 2.1 .5 -- 2.1 ' .' l I I • I I a ' a ' :~~ "', .,_ Subsidies ·. -. ', .'. The families' occupying Sublimity recei·v~d no dir ect granto on subs idies a.t any time and there .ms no "made 11 ,·1 ork ~ Assistance Tihich might be construed a.s giving th~s e peopl e an advantage consisted oi, 1. 2. 3. 4. 6. Rentals on the basis of ability to pay. Farm and home demons tration services . E.~pl oyraent preference. 'l'ransporta-bion. Diversion of work that l'lould otherwise be perforn1ed elsewhere . Yihil~ ~the annual r ontals represented only about 1.8 percent of the c·o st · of the respective properties , they were considered by most of the, people to be beyond their r each • . Therefore, the people felt t hat they were paying a top price for rhat t hey were getting. An Agronomist v,as employed from Novembe r 22., 1937 to October 7, 1942 e.nd a Home Demvnstratlon Agent fro~ March 8., 1937 to Septe~ber 8, 1942 . These services cost ~10, 661 . 44 and ~9 , 648 .50 re spe ctively, and were l argely devoted to t eaching t he people t~e know-how of simple farming e.nd housekeeping practices and of obtaining compliance with the r ental agreements . To the- marui.gement these s ervices were direct.ad to~-o. rd nccomplishing its obj ectives by working \nth and through the people . Fr¢m. the standpoint or t he settlers they we re an enlargement , on a more direct s.nd i nt ensi ve basis, of the services performed by the County a~d Home De~onstraticn Agents . I the Oe¢upants of Sublimlty were given preference in all Forest Service work in the i mmediate section and the tLnber sale operator was required to employ them to the extent of 70 porcent of his non-supervisory personne l, provided tho people wanted the wor and their t ervices wero satisfactory. • 47 - ...... �The handling; of Government work on a proferential basis vms not new to the Forest, Service. In f a.ct , i t has been regular pra ctice to channel 1'..,orest Servtce work to certain i ndhicma.ls the b:;i.s i s of on pa.st employment , location, o.bility, nccrua intance a.nd other r ea.scns , Tith no thoug;ht of discrimilrn.tion. The prefere nce given to settlers l't~ rely limite d t he reasons for employment to location and a bility . The 70 percent l a bor requ i r ement i n timber sale agreements m~y have e.dded to n f celin.s of socurity on t he s•art of' settlers , but it did not greatly e.ffect the workings of tho sales since the full '/0 percent \1Ja S seldom claine<i e.nd throughout much of the l ·\ fe of t he timber sale jobs the operators ere on the open ~~rket for enployees . This requ~remen-i:; cree.ted cons itleraule shyne ss on tho part of prcspective bidders and 'fj'l.fly h a ve r esulted iu l o':m r stumpage prices . On t he other hand, i t got across to several operators , probably for t he first time, t h~.t t'.1ey were not without r espons ibility to the section fr om which natural r esources wero . taken. ( Co:mmun1 ty dwell ers "irere p0r11i tted to ride to and frcm the timber sale in a Forest Service truck driv0n by t he Scaler, from February, 1938 to J une 30, 1940. T'.ais service bridbed a very· real gap betwee.n t he employer 's need of workors and the worker's need of employment, and r esulted in cenefi ts and conveniences to both •. Work divert ed to Subli.Ir~ty Tihich would otherMise have bee n porfcrmed elsewhere c onsisted of : 1. Forest Service exhibit shop from August, 1938 to February, 1941 . 2. Regional sign shop fr om June , 1937 to date . During the li_fe of t he exhibit shop it providad work for from t wo to six or more settlers. However, with tie exception of the r esident manager, both t he top mans.gement-and a n;.a jo r ity of t he non-res ident employees r esented t heir having to ~ associated with Subl L'n.ity and th~ town of Loncon . Therefore, th9 emploJ~~nt benefi ts were largely, if not e.1 together , offset by the sowing of seeds of unres t and_ it was probably iood for Subli:nity, t he Forest Service a nd t he general community when the exhibit shop was taken away • .After n brief period of adjusting itself to the Community the sign shop becsme and has continu~d to be a community as~et . It has not operated continuously but has provided work for a.s many a.s six _ settlers at a ti~e . Follow1nb t he tra~sfor of Suolimity to t h9 Fann Security Adm.inistrat io!l on J une 30, 1945 , the Rei;i on9.l Engi neer recommended , r~~ant ion of t~e si gn shop at that l ocati◊n purely on t he basis of cheap prod~ctio~ r esulting from t he deYel op~ant of efficiency and skill. , - 48 - �Family Eval uation . l' An impor~ant problem and prob9.bly the one taken most seriously was a f air and equitable lilethod of sel ecting _settlers and of' evaluating their progress aft~r t h.ey we re in the community . T'na metb.od of i r ad i ng; applicant s is descri bed i n t he settl e r selection section of this Cha pter, page 38 o The gr e.des arrive d at e.re i t erm.ized i n tsbles II an d III on pci.ge s 87 to 101 -, o.nd are s um.-na r!zcd by various groups in t he t a bulution bslow: · Aver a ; e f or Group i s : Nu.r!'l.b e r .:No . ; 1'..gc t . : £ C: ucation 'p O ort sincome 1 """"_ _ _ _,;..__ _ _ _: of t ·: i n : Par:: Cllil- :i-ar-: Gh il-: : ~i!ed Y, last 1 • Group :l<"'a milies :Grade : Family :en ts : dre n :e nt::i tdren , 15 years = 1 ' Grade ·~ . . 60 .: 3 ' Gra de of 60 to '/0 .t 16 1 Grado of 'TO to 80 14 8 1 Gra.de of 80 90 : .l b3 : Gradeofover90 ·; 5 1 Total I nvestigated : 325 5 7.8 : 66 . 4 :.r/6.9 : 82 . 5 . ' 91.2 : 79 .0 to i 1 Total • who occupied Community .. . I : 3 : 4 :· 4 4 : 5 : 4 • 32 6 : · 32 1 8 30 6 · , 29 6 ' 31 : 8 1 29. : · 6 . 82 .8 I : ' upon le ss than 6 1 :rnontns occupimcy s I S 1 : 24 . . . 84.3 : :· .. a with no provis ion: I for e1nploy::nent t 23 4 24 13 4 I 7 1 l ·, s 1946 . · A, :1 · 25 . i··4: -~: :·'.: 1·· t 1 I 259 I t 300 I l I 1;220 : 7 6S : l 85 , 4 J : : : I t 0 'a ' I f 217 2 2,031 a I l 4S 89f I 29 : 6 t .. f t 542 898 / ' I ~ 5 I I I I . 34.0 t I I 5 I t I : I . 18 ' . I ,·:. J Purchase d place I occupied u pon I ; : s I liquidation in : 28 .. I • 1 : 8 ... I I 1 5 : 26 4 ; tAbandoned Community s 1 l i I I to ccnupy ho;ne of : · his mm i : 29 4 J.Abandoned Community ; a 271 . 1 1 Com:nunity : l eaving r entals . r unpa id t l l 1 550 : 1*129 ; ' 1,080 : 1,209 1 2 ,126, 1 1;1 61 : - .t IAbandoned Community : • 1 2 · l. ' 1 1 =i t 1 1 Abandoned : 7 .: 6 7 : ;t 163 144 211 272 6C4 244 2 l .: 28 4 I a Ocoupied Community 5 or more y13a.rs I . 1 8 7 7 33 t 8 I : 7 : '; S 3 t ~64 I 1,136 f '------------~=---- ~'--------..:--~--..:..--~:__-i•----~---- ' It ,rlll bo s e en fr c:m t h e Bbove st~ u r y t ho. t t he r e i s no c onoi s t ent r elations hip bet\c, een the grade and si ze of f amily, fi £ S , education, property o~n ed, or inco~e . fiowever , t he gr ad e is dire ct ly r eflected in the action groups , t hus indic a ting t hat i ntnn~ible attributes and chara cteristics are subject to such neasuremcnt . - 49 - �After families moved into Sublimity there was la ck of unanimity of opinion as to the ir progres s and wh~the r they \"Je re going forward or backward. This .as due to f a ilure to t ake all factors into c onsideration and i nability to · accurately r e ca ll vrhat had gone before . Furthermore , families who had made much progress were stil l l iving under conditions t hat were far short of sati sfactory and i t was next _to impossible t o get ac r oss to inspa ctors and ot he rs t hat such f amilies ~ere going for~a rd . I n order to cure: tnis situa tio~ and enable the management to chart progress on a c ondstent basis , Re.:nger ?funsberg;e r devised a c ombined i nspection en.a.rt and re s ident grading standards , to be applied to each f 8;mily at six.;.::nonth interva l s., a s follows , ' . . I I 1 _1J..iaxhmm , Valu.a : Group ' '1' t O 1 s Vi:>.lue sGiven : i'fe i rrht s a ' I s 100 XS Subj ect I 1 Hom.e lJ.anagem.ent 1 '(l) Child Care & Tra ining • (2 ) ·c1eanl i ness I (3) Hou.sehqld economy I (4 ) Cam1ing (Proficiency, quantit-J ) f (5 ) J udgment· displayed in ho~e _f ~rnishings _ .. s {6) Househol d handicraft - ;· .. 1 l 1 {7) I (8) l (9 ~ I (10 At t i tude Cooperativeness I I '.>.=: . s (14 ) Pe r sonal behavi or _ s elf-con~rol I I I I I I I I I I : I I I I I I I (18 ) Work Val ue (woods , gov., eto .) (19) Appli cat i on of Resources , Sense of Pr oporti on (20) Industry and Thri ft· .: l 1 15 f . f : 1 {23) 1 _ (24 ) 1 a (25) I (2 6) a (27) I I Educe. tion : React i on to he l p.ful critici sm Prospects : s . I 1/lillingness I Sel f -improveient Regard f or educutioc~l opportuni tie~ . (28 ) Sel f - denial l- ;Soil s , a (29 ) Buil ding prnctic e s (cover er-ops , etc.) I (30) Hi- Grade & complete ferti l izer - 50 - a l : . I : s s I I I I I I ' I I ., ,· I 10 10 l :~ I I . ..' . :•~ . (21) Steadiness a (22) .Ambition I I 100 20 ' ' 15 I a ~l.O . I I I I l -- I s I .. (17) Ut i li zation & Distri buti on of Time & Effort ' -- ' ' ; f - ..,;Economi cs l (15) Sen~e or Respons i bility I (1 6) Outlook I l I I I ~'.15 15 15 10 I : I 15 I f .• •· . _ .. ... .. I I :. : ,_ - (11) Conmiun.ity Welfare Iri.tG r est {12~ Health I mprovements (13 Corn.."llun i ty I nfluence I -_::·/···. ·. .. -· ' . t : :"!-.#'__;·: I I I I :. Commun i ty ada pta bility Honesty : 100 I . Social r t _ , _ , _ , 20 20 15 10 10 , I, , 25 - I X4 I l i I I .. . I l : : s I - X6 • •' a I I I I I I I I l f .1 ' ' 1 15 l 10 l 10 10 : t I -l I l l t I ': I I t : : l 5 100 20 20 20 15 15 10 100 : €0 I: . 40 f '• •• l s ; ' I' I f l ' ' I a I i I t : s s I I I I ' I t I ' ' J I ' X3 X5 I : a a l �l :A:aximum :Value :Group sT, Subj ect l ' Fruits : ' (31 ) Prune & spray 1 (32 ) Fertilize & Cultivate l , 60 : : t ' (35 ) PeGt · Contro l I (36) Varieties ' ·:C rop Storage : , (37 ) Sea3onable . a (38 ) Care (ventilation & moisture control ) 1 (39 ) Ample . . 1 (40) Vari ety ba lance 1. (41) Space utilh ation t. .: 't : s ,Livestock s ' I s {43 ) Gre.de (Pure bred , grade , scrub ) 100 :35 30 15 10 10 ·, 1Poul try1 · - : ' ·. - : . ,_. _ '. ·25 (46 ) Profitable breeds · I a (47) Care (ration., para.s i tes , quarters , ·- · a (48) Cull ing pra ctice 1 (49 ) Surplus • producti on & di spositi on - etc .) . . '. aFam I mplements , 1 (50) Care , (51) Util izat i on I 25 .2 5 a 20 ' 100 tMiscellaneous a (52 ) Farming i ntere st t (53) Care & Use of improvement s J (54 ) Farm Records J (55) Ca r e of gr ounds ' I : ; ---:- s : s :. , ·- ·· -I ' : : t l : 1 : I I S I l t . X5 J 1 ,. : s I 2 s l S I l X4 ' ---- s : .. ' : X3 : ' : J l 60 l I l : I J I I I l s X4 : . J t l : I I I :· I 100 35 30 20 15 . r a . ~45 51 - : 40 s Aver age Gr a.de s s I t I Total I '- : s : r l X6 : s s a 100 30 s ·; • ,• I 20 ,- '·::.: ' : a 1 I 100 :: 30 25 ·. _.. (44 ) Procuremont efforts s (45 ) Improvement I J t a (42 ) Home mea ~ supply 1 100 60 20 10 10 I I. t ' 40 T;uck 1 ' (33 ) Hon1e u s e production & dispos ition 1 (34 ) Surpll.l.s ..,; Produc tion & dispo sition t t Xl 100 1 I. s 1, , Value : Given ,' fe i ght s oi;a._ . - -- l l I ' �A sUll'.marized .,compa . rison of the resident grading standards for the sixmonths perioa ending December 31, 1941 1 with the grade upon entering Sublimity follows s , Family ' sRes ident grading Trend t s f I I l I l 1Forward l .l Under 50 50 to 70 Over 10 *63 *64 :,Stationery a.Backward Number of : Famili es i l Standa rd ~2 l I ' 9 '; f 25 l I t 9 l 27 l 8 l 8 ' ' .• I Average Grade I ' l 82.5 83.2 83.7 83.4 83.4 s2·.o t 'l t l I • :_Average The Ranger was unable to ma intain the resident gradine standards after the :a gronomist and social worker were . dispensed with • . .. . · ,•. . . . . . > .· Regardless of the true merits of the· methods of ·evaluation described in this section those responsible for re.a.nage:nent on the ground were unanimous in the b elief that they served a very valuable purpose and t hat they or similar methods should be among the first requirements in any related projects • . Forms and r ecords . While various forms were devised as a means of expeditiug and simplifying current work, nine records in e.ddition to the case folders of basic ini'o nnation were considered essential for ready reference, as a · &UlllI/19.ry of accorn?lishm.ents and trends, and as a means cif e.cconplishing the over-all objectives. These were, 1. 2. 5. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Record of inqu5.ry Application c ontrol ca.rd Ho:ne an,~ farm assignment card Record of rental payments Record of earnings Liveatock inve~tory Food stornce inventory Medical record Resident grading standards . 1. Th~ record of i nquiry was for t he purpose of sho wing the number, frequency, distribution and general condition of prospective applicants. It served its pur?ose admirably and blasted t he belief that *large numbers w.ould insist on gaining ad!t.ission to Sublimity. • See page 38. .. 52 .. �2o The application control oe.rd suw:na riz ed the f amil y i nfora.atio;:. found in the appli ca tion and s ubsequent i nvcsti i~;<.1t ion . It was most ess en-ti a l for r e s.dy r eference to questions that we re constantly a.ris-i!lg. 3. Tlle home nnd f a r m assignment ca rd shov1ed t he oocupe.ncy status <>f ea ch family a n d f a.rm . It wa s a r eady i ndex of occupied and vacant pl a ces and gave a running record of the oocupnncy stability of fa milies v1hile t hey vrere in Subl imity . 4. The record of r ental payments gave at a glance t he position of each f amily wi th re spe ct to t he ir r ental payments • . s. Since occupancy was re stricted to families of l ow i no~me # t h is ma tter had to be gone into b19fore t hey were e.ocepti;,d. The r ecord of e a rnin gs was devis e d to i ndicate t he trend in f alliily income . It was soon foun.d t hat to mainta in this r ec ord with sufficient aceuracy to be worth anything requi red more time t han it would be '\",o rth. It was. therefore_ 6 r~dually abandoned. 6. .A li-v-estock inventory \-;as provide d for annua lly in orde r to r13cord the lives-tock on na.nd in relation to the need and to get across to the settlers the i mportance of maintaining the pro pe r numbe r of the most desirable live stock. 7. The food stor9.ge inventory made each fall, served t he s a.'ll<:1 purpose with re?Spect to :food t hat t ne livestock inv entory serv~d with r espect to J.'i vesto ck: The se cri tica.l analyses and comparison of food and lives tock on hand with f a:nily needs were not only worthwhile reco:rds ., but t h oy stimul a t ed action by tho settler s . 8. The medical racord was an aid in mainta. i nini health by recording .vacoh1ati0ns , etc., and thus determining t he neod of elinica.l services, This record was vary valua ble as a means of acqua inting new settlers with available s e rvices and bow to get them. The wisdom of continuing e..f'ter tbe people were established is doubt£ul. 9. The r es i dent grading standards to be recorded at six-month interv.e.ls are described in t he i'amily evaluation section of this chapter on pages 50 and 51. The people on the ground wore of t he opi nion . ths.t _ next to t i1e family grades determined by i nves tigation before entering Sublimity, this was among the most valua ble records provided for. The maintenance of all these r ecord~ except 2, Sand 4 were discontinued· when the services of the agronomist and social worker Ylere dispensed with in 1942 . · 5S �Social Service. Studies made during the pre-development stages of the community convinced t he local planners thut all t ypes of s pecial s ervice should be kopt to the minimum and the people should not be made to -appear to h.nve any undue advantage over their nei ghbors. Furthermore, there ·was a. feeling that e.ny appreciabl0 amount of special services on an organized or project basis may be t aken by some as paternalism and by others as · regimentation . Coexif;tent with this outwa rd attitude wa s a spirit of doubt and a f eeling of uncertainty on the part of the management as to its ability to adequately handle t he social problems. The Chief's Ofi'ice, sensing this and in order to carry out its ovm ideas , went ahead and arrange d for the Resettlement Administration to finance a social wor~er. In order to prope rly appraise the wo1'-k oi' t h e t wo social wo·rkers, i~ is necessary to ha.ve aome insi ght .i nto their attitudes and t emperament. Miss *Dart served during t he spring and summe r of 1937 and her tiraewas abo\,lt equally divided bet--ween settler selection and assisting the first settlers in getting est a blished and adjusted in the community. She vras inclined to take the various standar ds s et up for filling and governing the comm.unity rathe r li f;htly and to give all applicants a clean bill of health following a cursory investi.bation. This attitude ran counter to the complete zealousness of the ranger and necessitated a close check of most of her work. » i ss Dart had a free and easy manner of conversation whi ch enabled her to gain the confidence nnd get a some,ma t r 0tic ent people to t a lk and unburden rr.aany of their i nneroost feelings . '.this ability to draw .out of people wna.t they were actua lly thinking should have been very valuable as a means of forestalli ng friction and charting the course of management - settler relations . But to }1iss Dart they vTere merely mat ters of h~~an i nterest and thei r chief value was t he emotional relief and satisfaction resulting f rom -talking "straight from the shoul deri1 . Her ability to break down barriers helped get across to ceveral of tho fi rst settlers that cleanliness , economy ·and prudence were virtues to be taken as e. matter -of cour se and that short cuts in cleaning a bathroom or ability to nake jelly out of apple peelings were e..ccomplishments to be proud of and not so::wth lng to be ashame d of as indicating drudgery or poverty. - She did much to establish amiable neighborhood relations by getting housewives together e~d t hen l eading the conversation into a. discussion of problen s of mutual i nterest such as dres s ing the chi l dren or prepa ring appetizing dishes . She did much to l e&d and t each those ~1!1.0 we re a.ble and willing to l er,rn , but she ~ una.bl.e to cope with the dull and recalcitrant . She was als o unable ~runwilling to confo rm to specific plans or procedures and since the management of the community in accordan ce v.1 th a dei'inite plan T/9.S s hapi ng up, it was obvious that s cme difficult adjusw.ento were in t he off ing. Romance r emoved her from the scene on Movember 23, 1937. • See page 9·. • 54 - �Miss Dart was succeeo.ed by Miss *Cornott ,rho was h er oppos ite in a numbe r of re spe cts . Miss Co rnett l ooke d upon abl e-bodied des titute people as i mp rovident and w·a svlndictive in her attitude when they .failed to res poncl f a.vorably to he r admoniti ons . She was aggressive after a course of action had been charted out for har. After groping around for some time to determine just what t he social program s'.-lould be , a "Social 1¼:,lationships " chapter was written into t he ma.ns.gement plan . The aims of thi s chapte r we r e : - 1. To pro~ote good health by~ a. Pure water supplies b. Proper diet o. Sanita tion d. · CHnica l sorvioes 2. To effect the most desi r able homer:i.aking practices bya. Enc ouraging prope r f amily rel at ionships in the home b. Cleanliness o. Proper food d. Suita ble clothi ng e. Attra ctive surroundi ngs r. Child care and training 3. To inspire neighborly coopera tion by~ a. Excha.ng;e of ideas through family cont a c t s b. Public meetings and group activities 4. To sponsor education bya. Cooperation with the public school sys tem b. Conducting clas ses in adult edu ca tion c, Inf'ormation t~ the pu blic 5. To increase genera l family we lfare bya. Teachini proper r egard for time and money All of these activities were engaged in by the sooial worke r ·under the guidance of the ranger and progress Tra.s made in all of them as indicated in part in Chapter VI, page 71 • The services rendered by the social wo rkers we re of great value and most nece ssa ry in guiding t11e settlers across th e wide and deep chasm bet..ee n their for~e r state a nd t he ons to which t hey aspire d . However. the need of t hese services decreased prog:r{<ssively as the pe.o ple advanced in the social sc3..l e and it is doubtful if t hey could ho.ve been justified after the settlers reached the social level of t he. surrounding area and understood and knew how to get t~e availa ble services from other , sources. • Coopere.tives 5.nd cooperation . The mntter of coope ratives wa s a co~troversial subject t ha t ~~s never reconciled between the ris.shington and field off ic es of ·the Forest; Service. *Seepage 9. - 55 - �Fr·om the very beginning the Chief 's offioe took the position tha t both com."!11.mity m.'lna g;erncnt and the timbe r ope r ations could and should be carried o~'i by a co ope rative with F'orest Servi co action lin H;ed to gui dance and l ea dershi p. lt ,-vas made quita clear to the Regi on that the only progress £or which it would be given c redit woul d be t hat accompli shed throubh cooperati ve devices . Verbal cormnitments t hat a l oa n was available , v-ri th few strings nttached , was u sed to ' i nduce the ~egion to a gree to turning over all phases of community management to a cooperati ve . l J . . Othe r Burea\.{o and organizati cne on the Washington l evol se emed to side with the Chief ' s office point of view. Approva l of the project by the Resettl ement Administration was contingent upon explori ng t he possibility of a c ommunity pa sture , dairy, and general f arm ~ The B.A~E. • ~ memorandum of A~gust 16, 1940 r eferred to on page 65 stated .,c;l!t ; : · "Xho d 1 elopment of a marko·b ••• is contingent upon a ooopera,t:tve system of dis tributlon. 11 · i t -~ 'l l ✓ ~ "l Group of Stibl:I.n.i .ty . \ •.~ . h ousawivas e::9r._w..unr; • clothing cnt ¢I c. i n a contest npq:nsor~J l by t he scciall wo:.'k8l... . ! ,1 ~ It addod, however• "So f ar, ---insufficient initiative, and i no.bility e.mong the settlers for cooperative activities have not permtted t he exploitation of these potential markets. · Furthermore, t he subs idization of a cooperative •-• does not s eem plausible.fl ' Th.a posi tion -or the R~ gion with r espect to ooope r atives wa s summed up in the management plnn as follo"o ' The formation of a cooperative or Con.~unity e.ssoointion was given much consideration when t he project rae in t ho fo rmative stage . It wa s t enta tively dec i ded t hen t hnt sine~ t he objeot ln'.s to demons trate accompli shment s on small i nd ivi dual f arm3 • 56 ~ �in a large r ebi on -~~ere physical conditions preclude clos e cooperation e.nd Y1here t he peopl';;) generally do not r ee.dily adjust th em.sel e s to ooope r ati ve undcrte kings. spo nsorship of s~ch an organi~ation ~cul d LJe deferred until the people we r e r aa. dy for it. Upon i::.pproa ching the manae;e::'lent stage of t he undertaking, one of the requi rements of the Chiof's Offic e . as sta t ed June 9 1 1937 1 included such organiza tion. It is o.lso the expressed opinion of those cha rged with the ac-tive a dreil"..istration of the Comm.unity t hn.t an active and efficient cooperative would decrease t he managenent probl ems and be of decided advantage to t he people. Howaver . the greatest barrier toa successful coope rative lies in the temperament of t he eople. and all who are inti~At ely familiar Y:i t h conditions are i n agreement that organization of a cooperative should not be undertaken until the people demonstra te a greater spirit of coo peration than has yet been manifested . Therefore. action will be directed toward l eading the people t hrou 6h tne simple lessons of cooperative action to tho more complicated operations of self-help by - an 1. Sowing seed of the cooperative idea at every opportunity and as effectively as possible . 2. Encouraging small informal cooperative undertakings and ompha.aiting their advantages. 3. Attending and encouracing Settler-sponsored meetings held for Community ·v:elfa ra. 4. Pointing out t he benefits to be derived from cooperative production and marketing and in providing essential services of mutual benefit . 5. Keepi ng posted on the rea ctions of tho people i n order to determ ine t he opportune ti::na to a~t . the Sublimity Ranger vill r ecord the efforts put forth and the l"eoults from the procedure outlined abcvo, nnd as oon as i t is believed that t he people are able and ready to cooperate f or the eo:w:non good . the Forest Sup -rvi~or wil l ndvise the Regional Foreste r and a coo?er a tive will be attempted with the people, the Forest organization. Regional Office . Chief's Office, and i'ar:.1 Security .A<kl.inistration participating . tho cooperative must be organi~ed and operated in accordance . with Kentucky la.v and should be· broad c.n ough to p~r~ t the f ollo~ing activities : .. 57 - �l'. To carry on any bus i ness or activity connected with or rel a ting to t he production , c ultivati on , processing , marketing , or sell in~ agricultural or forest products of any type or description . 2. To acquire , own , operate , and dispc,se of any property, i ncluding mills and commero ial ostablish.~ents. 3. To cooperate and deal wlth a ny public or private agency or i ndividual. 4. To engage in any and all l awful acts pertinent to t he orga.ni za tion.• *J.M. Feltner , who probably knew a.s much a.bout the r eacti ons or mountain peopl e as any living person, was eonfi<lent t hat efforts to ,ard nn i.nunedia.te cooperative , es pe cially on t he ·scal e advoce.ted by the Chief 's Office, would only invi t e di sas t e r. ot coope r a tion developed and ,.,-as t rans l ated into action faster than many well informed loca l people antici pat ed . A ~piri t . Two early settlers , whv were on t he bes t of terms as neighbors , declined to put t hei r horses togethe r to plo·w t heir res pe ctive ga rd ens . Ea.ch ws.s suspic ious tha t his horse may pull more than its share of the plow. So two ad joining sod fiel ds wer e scratched up by single horses pulling a light plow when t he t wo horse& togethe r could have done a good plowing job. -Some of the ea rly settlers had no horse and no one was available to do t heir plowing . Their ingenuity was arous ed by a hint t hat t hey might use n surplus Forest Service tra ctor if ea ch man would pay his proportional s hare of t he costs. This was d one t o t he co:nplete satisfa ction of all conce r ned. Tho Agronomist s uc ceede d in getting all of t he s e ttlers to treat their seed potatoes at one place an d in one operation. Ho then got across to them t hat t he tota l cost and work v.as little more t hnn it would have been to eac;i fa.:tily had the . s eed be n treated separately . The first cooperative effort on a c ontinuing basis was in the spring or 1S41 when a. Louisville commi.ss.ion me rchant of fe red to f urnish onion s ets a nd other assistance to th9 s ettl ers , provided they would produce onions and sell t hem to him as a unit at t he r egular marke t price . This required clos e cooperation am_o:n.g t he people , with the management · on both a group a.nd indi vi dual basis , and,-wi th the spo!lsoring merchant on a group basis . The undertaking was spe~.i· - headed by' t i1a agronomist with the results s hown in t he f a r mtng activities s e ction of this chapter _on page 61 . .. 58 - �Thus. a cooperative spirit, almost non-existent at· first . took root nnd t here wa.G 1an increasing t endency to acc ept coope rntive undert aking~ as a. nn.ttcr of course . All orce1.nized c ocpero.tion except individual neighborly acts was carried on un.dor the guidance of the a gronomist and when he passed o(it 01' the picture it v.ras discon-tinued. H.:mever, the people had a t aste of the benefi-t;s resulting from s uch action and it should cc,ntinue to be reflected in t heir atti tu.de and conduct. It should be E-)m.phasized that t he progress made was in cooperation an d not in organized cooperatives. The people consistently shied at any sugges~ion of a cooperati ve organization or cooperative undertakingn headed by them.sel ves . After t he &\.D€;er had conducted monthly meetings for over n year t he people voted unani mously age.inst themselves assumi ng any re sponsibility for subs equent meetings ., but t hat they be continued e.a in t he past. They entered wholeheartedly i nto tho spirit of the meetings and did most of the work and made them a success, but wero unwill ing to assume the re sponsibility , in an organizati onal vmy. for cnrryint them on. It bace.me evident at a very e~rly stage i n t he development of Sublimity that the authors of the ori ginal plan had erred in r ecommend ing against a fe.rn1 Il.lanager. Ranger }lansberger was among tne • f irst to dete-o t t his error and on Apr il 6, 1937 he made a vi gorous plea. f or an ar;ronomist . Interviews with prospective s ettlers i ndicated tha t they v10uld noecl SIJ$cifio i nstructions and constant follow-up i n the ir farming efforts in order to be neaned from co m e.s t he ma jor crop and from their traditional pract ices of: des tructive f nnni ng; as illustrated on page 14. It became increas ingly apparent t hat the anticipated cooperation "by the va rious agricultur al agencie s , e.s di scussed on page 18 may be s atist"'actory in the i mprovement of establis}ied farming b i1 t that it would be totally inadequate to mee t t oe needs of peoP,le whose f arming experience_had not advanced beyond primitive methods . Both the Chief's Ofi'ice and the Resett lement Administration had leaned heavily all a.long to ward provi ding the people with various benefits _ and services as a. public responsibility. ConseqL1ently, as soon as t he loca l mannge:nant realized the need of such. services, provisions were made for en.agronomist , to be fi nance d by the Rese·ttle.--nent Administration . The;;: emploY!Jlent of *7i. L. Brovming on lfovember 22, 193 '1, was a wise choice . lie mi s a real dirt f arme r. He V:1-lked t he people•~ language . He deli ghted in matching approved .methods ngainsi; the luck of the native f armer . - .He t ook great l)ride in r educ ing sci entific methods to terms whi ch t he simplest of peopl e coul d underst a~d and apply. Re had a wa;( of loc ating good practices in 1·elation to poor so that their differences wou ld stand out and be obse rved . But he Y-18.S l oath of make adequate r eports and keep r eco rd s of his accomplis~~ents. While t his did not affect hi s wo rk on t he ground or his r el ations with _the people, it failed to show the f'u.11 farm accomplish..~ents and to give him prope r c redit . • Se e page 9. - 59 - �Occupancy got under way at the beginning of t he- sunffiler of 1937 aud consis ted ot l es s than 20 fa~ilies at t he -end of t he s~iim.cr s eas on. For thi s r ensr-n f a. r :ui:ag; activities during; 1 93'{ consisted of a f ew gardens a nd s~me l a te fi e ld crop.... Daring this sea.sc:'l t:10 foundation was laid for the more intensive · f a r;n pro 6 r ru:1 ; ,L,ich was to follow. The sum"l!larized obj e ctives of the agronomist wers: To furnish the leadership, inspira tion, and instructions whereby the s ettl ers may obtnin a richer rural Hfe by the applic~tion of sound farill practices . itb.ich we_r e to be accomplished t .~1rough s l. · Individual fdnn plans 2. Soil i mp rove:msnts 3. .F 'ield crops 4. Gardens 5. Livestock and poultry 6. 7. . . 8. S. Fruits and berries Disposition of excess farm products Exhibits Educa tion Settlers were urged a.ncl assisted in establh hing the proper relation.; ship betvneen family needs a nd t he size of t he fa.rm . This r easoning naturally led to a farm plan which was emphasize d as the eettlez·' s plan and put on pa.per as such . T'ne plan naturally esta blit.hed a balance between the va rious products thereby- eliminatinz the necossity of taking a position against t he traditional habit of producing corn as the one and only farm crop. The wisdom of using approved fertilizers vras de~onstrated and emphasized and, throu gh the efforts of the agronomist and for the first time in this sootion., TVA super-phosphate was ma.de available to ~-na.11 part- ti.me f armers . An orchard nursery was established and a nu."llber of t he settlers l earne d how to graft i mproved stock to existing trees of poor species. Demonstrations we re conducted and cost records kept of the· advnnta ges of producin 6 capons . Settlers who h3.d little previous experi ence or lntarest in producing q uali.ty garden products v1ere t hrown. into t he liw.clilht and received state-~~de publicity by vrinning a number of blue ribbo~s at the Quicksand Fair in open competition with all es.starn Kentuck-; . Next to the ~ffe ct· on the people , the most outst anding feature of the farm program Vias t he r esponse of ti10 l and to bvod treat.nant. Production i ncreased by l eaps and bounds • . The ultimate farm and ga r den projuction e sti~ntes in the ori gi nal pls.n, v:hich ·;ore considered by some Gov3rn.~ ent ~nalysts to be overly liberal., we ro exceeded on a number of farms t he - 60 - �s econd yeD..r . By 1941 and 194-2 production ap)r onching twice the plan e stir:'l3.tes ,•ff,r o col'.Il:~on. The mos t outs t e.ndi ni_; sinf) e f a r m a c cor.1pl i shme nt was a. venture in on ion production on a c ooper a t i ve ba s i s o.s d fJscr:i_bed in t he c ooper.9.ti v es and cooper a tion s ection of t hi s cha pte r on pa ge 6 6. The r e sults of t his unc1.ertaki n 6 e.r e s ' •l!liariz ed below: · ..__...,,...,...,..,,.....___ . : : - ----------- I , - Families parti oi pating ;Acres pln...."lte d , Tota l bushel s pr oduced f or sal e ;Ave r age pe r ac re production s ( Bushel s for s a l a ) , Total cash ou 1,lay f or sets # f er t ili ze r # s s elling c osts , etc . iAvera ge cash outlay per a cre aAve r age .cash outlay pe r bushel , Tota l sa l o price :Average s al e price per a c r e ,Aver ag~ s a l e pric e per bushel : Totnl sa l e price l ess cash outlay I ' . 16 5. 7 1 , 106 ' I I s I 16 I 6. 6, 1,498 s : 194 ' 227 l I l . . ;Avera£;e per a.ere s a l e pri ce l ess cas h ou tl a y ··.· . • . iAv·erage per bu sb.o l s a l e pric e l ess ca sh ou t l a.y ; I Year o.nd Amount ._,,....,...,.-,----I 1 94: l : 1942 i 447 . 50 78 . 51 . 41 1 , 555 . 21 272. 84 1;41 1#107. 71 194 . 33 1.00 I , $ , : a : l , 610 . 80, 92.551 .41: 1# 687.23 , 255. 64 : 1.13: 1,076. 43 : 1 63 . 10 : ;12 : - --- --·-- ----- ----- - ------ -----------l . I I .The on ion pr oj ect was dis continued a f te r 194 2 due to absence of t he l ea de rs}up of the agronomist. who nnd direct ed it s o successfully ove r t he two years . Upon a bandonment of t he s er vic e s of en agrononi s t at t he end of 1942 , f armi ~ , which had ma.de pneriomena.1 gro, rth durl ng; t h e pr evi ou~ fou r y en rs , began at onc-0 t o decline .and c onti nu~d procr ess i vely un til t he productivity of t he l and in 1945 vras not a grea t de~ l better t han it i;va s in 1937. How~ver. t h e peopl e conti nued l a r ge gar dens a nd bet t 3r balance d c rops . The s e t t lers we re ~o~g t he first to a(!.,~ it t hnt t he l et-d own in f arming detri mental to t hemsel ves a nd a r.ia jority of t hem deplorei abandonment . of t he l e!lde r ship under which t hey ha d ::iade progr ess . They charged the i r i nabili t y or uu-.rilli ngne ss t o continue g;oo:3. f n. ni pr a ctice s to (1) breakdown of con trol me as ur es on the pa rt of t he ~anage~ent , (2 ) l ack of was l eade r ship a nd gr oup ent husias:m, ( 3 ) f ea r that t he y may not f 1.11ly utilize all of t he f erti li ty the y ,FAt in t he e~ rt~; and (4 ) higher- income fr om non-farm wof·k , t hus deoreas l -:ig t he il" d0pendence u pon t he l and . - 61 - �June~ l9li,J. • .. 62 • �CHA.PT BR V REW.TIO !3 In~Service Relati~~s . Sublimity brou ght to the surface, on a.11 levels, the truth in the old adage t hat the less ono knows about ft t hing t he more definite and l ess compromising; is t he uo si tion he t akes with res pec t to. it. Here wa s a new fi eld with no 0xperie11ce t ables for guidance , yet it vms beset with such uncomp romising attitudes nnd opinio:!'ls tr nt the obj ective of i mprovi n~ l iving st9.ndards was a-t time s il.11 but lo s t ' sight of. There were indicnticns t hat . th j se attitudes we re b::i.sed en economic, politica l, and s ocio.l phil osophies witn occas iona l tra ces of a desire £or personal or organi zational glorification. A revr aamples will suffice : The Regional Forester blocked a dete r r.iine d effort ·;to provide a. cart and oxen for movin[; the first .ranily to Subli::,1i t", and t hen get moving - pictu res of t he:il while en-route . This wu s j ust;ified as s. !:leans or publicisinz r e3ettle;nent accomplishments even thour;h "few, i f any~ of the people had ever seen such n rig. The fo reman of the Sign Shop 1 whlch 1!/as establishe d at Sublimity to provide wo rk i' or its occu pants , was so detenn ined ths. t . such people could not make signs , t ho.t poor 1ork and low 9rocuction were b::ith charged to tho r equire:c.ent that t hese· people be er.iployed. This myth completely yanishe d upon the adoption of a · work eva lur.t::.:in l'':"port which required the for en:a.n to sta te in l'1ri tin.; wherein each Ylo rker failed · to produce . +hu s , a simple fo rm tre.nsforl'.!!1d wo rker·s· durinl one work period from a condition of total inc ol!lpetence to one of high efficiency. Attitu des and opinions s eeme d to follo;~ leve ls of a 1.1thority. On local and ReGional l ev els there ~~s a fi ill belief t ~at the people should not advance too far in one st e p and ths.t the ir.i?rove!!lents should be a neat and r efined edition of what they were used to and could reasonably expect to afford. Above t he Regional l evel the belief was just as firm t hat t he Gove rnment would be derelict in its duty if it fail ed to provi de i mpr ovements tha t were co~pletely modern and up to date. On loc a l and Regiona l levels emplw.sis wa s plf'.ced on r aising living standards and t he crea.tion of conditi ons whe reby the people would make further impro ..enent by their own vo.li tion. Above the ree;ional l evel n.cceptance · or a.nythin~ short of t ho i deal v;as consi dered as an admission of fs.ilure or t n.s innbility to keep up with the trend of the t imes . - 63 - �On local and Regional levels the position wa s t aken that Sublimity should demonstrate t he best type of !'a r ming applico.ble to the section and in reasonable ke e pinc; rTith the t emperament of the people. This meant th·e greatest possible aoc omplislunent on small individual and independent .farms since topographic and other barriers precluded a.11 except s:nall soale farming operations throughout most of t h e section. Above the Regional level, fann end eom:nunity efficiency were streosed r.ith a prescribed way of' acoompli'?hment t hrough coopera tive .action, on the assu.c"!lption that conditions c.nd human t emperament would bo modified to fit into such a scheme. On local and Regional levels every effort was made to a.void Sublimity being looked u.pon as a separate uoommunityu or 11 project" but rather to have it blend into and be a pa rt of the s urrounding social set-up. • Above the Regional level there were strong leaningG toward having it stand out as distinctive with its occupants having more of everything than their neighbors occupying their O\m homes. · Then there was at least one incident which moved relations far beyond the field of differences of opinion or honest efforts to promote tho w~lfare Sublimity or the Forest Service. ot In July 1937, Mrs. Robs rt Bruere was s ent out by ·the Chief's Office to get and report on the facts perta ining to Sublimity. Her findings were so fictitious and ridiculous that t hey would have gone by unnoticed, except as a matter of amus ement, had they net gone directly into top headquarters. This apparent sanction in high places of n willingness to distort. manufacture. and miscons true in ardor to make a story, naturally led the management to wonder where they and the people ca.~ e in. the .s o-called "Army Grunau was in evidence from time to time. Tho Drummond project ~~s pointed to as approaching perfection, while disappointment Yts.s expressed in the showing .being made by Sublimity. Time after time the management was told. that if it had only followed the exo.mple set by Drummond it would be farther along. On at least one occasion the matter of Sublimity fallin& bahind Drummond wns ta.ken up in official correspondence from the Chie~•s offioe. It was rumored that .t he management of Drummond was led to believe that Sublimity was ·sailing along without a ritt. Inter-Bureau Relations. I The management of Sublimity, after it got under way, was a forceful demonstration .of inter-Bureau cooperation for the public good on an unselfish plane. YJhile the responsibility for Federal rural rehabilitation rested with the Resettlement Adm.lnistration, it turned development funds over to the -Forest Service upon a. showing lr,:r the latter a·g ency that lt would probably do as well as was expe oted of other rasett1e:nent projects. Manage:nent authority wa.s delegated to t he Forest Ss r11ico with a minimum. of re strict ions and t he manage~en~ rights r eserved were never exercised except in a most cursory manne r. In short, the Forest Se rvice vm s given -. tree hand . in managing for eig!lt years a project the cost of which had been borne by another Bureau. - 64: ... �Sublilliity a.lso de;:nonstrated th.at while relations on a top.. Bureau level may.be all t hat could be desired, nt the s~~e time the mechanism incident to those same relations may become inc r easingly irritating as they descend from the top l evel. Three examples are cited. 1. The delay in making maintenance funds available as .described on page 43. 2. ·The delay in executing tax agreements with the county as described on page 34. 3~ The requirement that the entiro financial and t ax i,tructureof the County be analyzed each year before relea sing a few hundred dollars due in lieu of taxes . Thi"s is also amplified in the taxes section. From time to time a false interpretation was placed on actions, -conditions, policies and procedures in order to justify criticiso of another bureau orb~ in the position of knowing tha answers. The most striking example of this was the study ma.de by B.A.B. as summarized in a memorandum to the Forest Service dated September 16. 1940. Insofar as the write~ knows, the Forest Service was n~ver given an opportttnity to review· t he results of t he study• but the memorandum set up and philosophized on is$ues t hat did not and had never existed. It took the two major sources of inco:ne and found th~t farm work had become •another damn farm day" and the woods work as being equ ivalent to a •sentence in Siberia." It then con cluded tha·t f avoring the settlers · with this work amounted to a "closed shop" and ndeprivedtt others "of a market for their services." A possible revolt by the settlers was predicted as e. res ult of their being "pushed around" and 11 resentment toward the Forest Service might crystallize among off-project people• on account of t he favored position occupied by the settlers. The origino.l report proposed to more t han. double the income of the people. One analyst chara cterized this as •inadequate to maintain he~lth e.nd a proper stnnd!ird. of living.!$ And ttth~ indicated incoma would involve a standard of living wh ich it is believed no Government agency should . indoree." Another ana lyst fo o.nd t he cost, production . and family income estimates wrong because they were above the average for Laurel County as shown by the census figures . Ha then concluded that an income greatly in excess of the estilliates should be "assuredn or else the people "will be without economic security.• Public and Press Relations. When pers'Jnn.e l · first be5an collecting data for the final report, they sought to a.void any appearance of a·tteL1pt:i.ng to e.ccomi)lish some ~1ysterious objective. On t he other hand t hey told the people, without fanfa re, l'iliat they were doing and w:iy. A.a a result, by the time t he report was co;11pleted, 65 - �most of the l iq!i.ding people of the section had a general t hough indefinite i dea of the line s t he proj ect might follo v. As t he ir knowledge, 0£ the obj ect3.v-cs of t he proj ect increased th.ere developed a w1despread attitude or sympathe tic support . Pr ior to initiation of t he proj e ct, voluntary l etters of indorsement ·were given by1 Rus sell Dyche , R. c. Evorsol e , Edi tor and publisher of the London, Xent-~cky, Sentinel-Boho. Cashier of t he na tional Bank of London ~ Kentucky . P. P. EdY.rards., Insurance broker of London, Kentucky . E. H'. Hackney, Merchant and oldes t r esid ent of London, Kentucky • .Yf. R. Feltner ., Real estate broker of London ~ Kentucky . J. M. Feltner , Field agent and Asst . State l eader, 4-li · Club work , Eastern Kentucky. While .the loca l public as su:ned a 11 hands ... off" att.itude t hey were at nll times ~~lling to give any solicited ndvice or assistance. Men who were busy with their own affairs served on the advisory committee. Tne - local paper was friendly to t he extent of publishing every item given it by the mamgement , and at no time <li d it carry e.ny adverse news or editorial com,nent . The Septer.ibe r 3., 193 9 edition oi' tne Courier Journal., one of t he larges t and :most ini'luentia.l papers in Kentuc.cy, ca rried a photog rav.ure section on Subl imi ty whi ch showe d it in a favorable light . Labor Relations. On the whole, l a bor relations we re nminble t hrou; hout. The few instancos of labor friction at l east partly the r osul t of, or aggr a vated by, ,ve1·e conditions outside the field of labor. All Govern.~ ~nt .work was paid fer at t ne rate es tablished at t he tL~e. When t he first timbe r sale got unde r way the first of Febr..iary. 1933 ., the operator pa id 20 cents per hour for comno~ l abor~ At tha t time the Fore st Service r a t e -wo.s 25 cent s per hour. ·. Wage s on t.'rie timber sale ware l ate r i nc r ease d to 25 cents per h::iur , and t hen to 30 cents on October 24 , 1939 when t he Wages and Hours Ls.w went into effect. A mass meeting was call ed by the Settlers on the evening of July 14, 1941, for the purpose of reques tin5 a pay increase on the tL~~er sale ot 10 cents per hour, or fr om 30 to 40 cents. They discouraged even discussi ng -str ike but thougl1t they were er-iti tla d to a rais e and reques ted ?.ange r ~crfasse r to ccnvey t hei r wishes to t he ti.:nbe r ss.le a operator . - 66 - �Foreot Service work was consi de r ed preferable to the timber sale job by the Settl ers be ca use it paid 5 cents more per hour, the re was no trans • porta tion probl em a nd as a r ule t he work wa s lighter and more congenial. T'nere was considerable scheming for pr efe r ence on Government work, and workers would r eport for duty on tae grounds of ha ving missed the truck to the timber snle and va rious other excuses . Tnero wa s also a tendency to neglect t he f a rm work if other employment ~~s ava ilable, especially Forest Service omplo~u1ent close home. 'l'his h_a d a -tendency to disrupt the timber sa l e, exhaust the Fores t Service budget, and neglect tho farming activities. In ord er to correct tnis situation, a monthly work schedule was adopt ed. The pre par ation of this schedule wa s concurred in by the settle rs and provided (1) for tho necessary f arm and home work, (2) for an equitable proportion of t he available Forest Service work and (3) for t he r emainder of the t ime on the timber sale. The Forest Service work was gauged ' so as to pe rmit an even flow of labor to the t imbe r s a le. 1'his system was discus s ed at a meotin& of Settlers in November 1939 an d a poll taken. 14 men voted for continuous timber sale 7 wanted Gove rnment work only 2 were away ork All others indicated sntisfa ction with work where the management chose to sche dule t hem. The matter of transportation was amon~ t he most difficult problems that confronted the cormn.u nity nt any time. The workers could not afford individual transporta tion. The la~s and r egulations governing group or public transportation JlJb.de t he cost prohibitive. The timber sale operator agreed for t he men to ride his trucks to and from work provided they would sign waivers for injury. Tha trucks wore run to suit the needs of the operator and not for t he convenience of t he workers. On February 2, 1"938. 13 men were e_\..ay from. home 12 hours, during which they worked 6 hours and earned $1.20 each. This proved so discouraging that l8 1 families vacatedthe_ community during tho next·'·,t wo months. was -·deoicied Following this episode it would io to and from work fn as many men as ca red to ride later declared to be illegal the that ·Forest Service scaler a large Forest Service truck and would haul with hiti.. This fo nn of transportation v:s.s and ~-as discontinued on June 30, 1940. fhe larger timber sale operators in the Sublimity working circle were required to employ residents of the community to the extent of 70-% of the total employees. exclusive of supervisory · personnel, provided suitable resident workers were available. A work evaluation report was adopt~d in order to avoid sponsoring un~ sathf'actorymen, and to maintain good · employer-e!l1ployee relationships by nipping friction and misunde rstandings in the bud. This simple form showed how each employee perfonne d duri ng ea ch work period and provided for i mmediate action u pon the fir s t uni'avorable r eport. The manner in which this r eport i:i:1?roved labor rel a tions at t he sign shop is givan on page €3. In violation of t he mar..a.gement plan, the work evalua tion report on timber sale workers was discontinued by the Ranger in September, 1941. .. 67 - �t' R ~ -''r<"'?"1·11y __;..; -: - :,;: t:11f >~/·_ [; ,ri~:,tr:',:fitf -- ~, ~ I -- , ~.,,': - ,;-::::,.,....c.--=e.....;...., J I( ~ -- . ·• - -------- T - . ~, ~ ·- - --~ :-~ __,. . --_ \ ..- " ~ I - "~:~\.: ·-:,-.,\"~. ·--. - - - - · ._,_·--, ,,~ _,_-, :>:: - ~· . :=I :. • f. A :#:t ~ Sublir.d.ty ·settlers working in rcgion~l sign shcp. ·fl .,-J·..-, - .,.. •r I .I_ . ) 'llll I~ Sublicrl.ty houaewive3 worldng in Forest Serrlce wJlibit shop • .. 68 - �On April 17, 1942 the Sublimity s0tt"iers employed at the saw mill went on a form of "sit domi" strike which resulted in closing the Iilill, paying the men off, and notifying them not to return to ,~rk until they were invited to do so. It appears that this was the _culmination and ou~nard expression of an accumulation of minor grievances on both sides. At o. meeting called on April 21 to settle the matter, it was brought out tha t both sides had aoted with too much haste and that work would bs resumed the following Monday. It was also decided to resume the work evaluation reports since the general belief was that the grievances would have been disposed of currently· and on an individual .be.sis if these repo~ts _had not been discontinued. ': : . .·..... - • 69 .. �CHA.Pl'.l!:R VI AC COMP!, ISIDiENT The main objectives of Sublimity were to ,, I . \ Test out and demonstrate --- the social and economic possibilities of correlating under favora ble co no.it ions a minor agricultural resource with a major timber resource . In order to supply A definite need to intens ively develop one or more fran.~ly experimental areas on which to d~volop and test in a critical way those prao tice·s and polioie;:; which bear on t he land use adjustment problem of the Cumberl and National Forest and similar areas. So that .... _ lot only will the inforir.a tion obtained fr om such an intensive testing area be i nvaluable in t he everyday handling of the i mmediate ma jor l and use adjustment progr am. on the Forest, but it will unquestionably serve as a stimulus and encouragement to both other public agencies and i ndivi du-a-1s over a wide area to think · and act along uimilar constru~~ive lines ~ The measure of acc omplishment is t he extent ~o which t he se objectives were achieved, either.dire ctly or through influence or other forces ~et in motion; or it was deternin~d t hat t hey could not be nchieved in the manner indicated. In this discussion, aocomplis.h...~~nt is used in: its broad sense to include both posit"ive and negative_results. ;,,•:·. '.. ,:.- -· ( . Accomplishment seem~ to ·fall n~turally into _three categories in relation to - 1~ 1. 2. The land The occupant f amilies 3. The Forest Service. The Land. lfost of the . s ettlers abandoned subna rgi nal £ar~ land upon moving to Sublimity. Much of this abandoned land be 6an .promptly to revert to forest ttnd there is little likelihood t hat it will all be reclaimed for f'urthor c;i ul ti vation. Therefore• t he first e f i'e ct tha t Subl h li ty had upon l and .was in t ne better and hi£he r use of much of the land abandoned by the s et t l ers . - 70 - �. -·-r· .. _..,_..,. .. • .. ..... , .. ·-·· ...- ..... - .. ·- ....... ·.. .,..__, Even though the farilling aotivitles section or Chapter IV, paie 61 shows . that the Sublimity fa.rm l a.nd was little if any more fertile in 1945 than it was in 1937, the phenomenal rise in productivity from 1938 to 1942 and the corresponding decline from 1943 to 1945 was a demonstration so obvious that few who observed it will soon forget. The effect of this res ponse to proper treatment was observed by the County Agent on nearby private land as early as 1938 and v.ra.s later reflected in better farming practices and an inorea.se of ia.rden farming for many miles around. ' 2. ( The .Occupant Fa~ilies. Of the 103 f amilies who uent through the community and vacated it with an av~rage occupancy of 18.8 months, it is aa.fe to say that a large majority were permanently benefit~di:: by the experience. This statement 16 borne out by the fact that more ·t ho.n 90 percent of. the families came 1,o the community from a tenant farr.1.inr; ~or share-cropping status and left to go into the following aoti vi ties, · · Families ·. • Activity ·.~ :·,, . ' . Public works T~mant farming and sha.re-oropping ·' Returned to old haunts Bought farm home Employed on large commercial farm Went in business Wont in military service Invalided • ' - ,. .~ .. No. _! , 42 33 40 7. 3 2 :---- 1 . ·.\ 1. '. . . .,. . . .103 - The status of the 12 people who_ sold the resettle:!llent I \_ 32 14 14 .. ., .S 2 l l loo i~nd to the government is su.,-mnarized below and shown in det~~l_. in Table VI, page106 • ·: -· ' ... Status .. ·- · ···. :: · Purchased and operate farms Purchased and o.ocupy homes in toi.vn Horne owne rship unknovm Condition improved Holding their own Condition unknown or :•• F8.lll..ili es lio. :¼ 8 2 2 9 . 61 17 17 75 l 8 2 17 the 34 settler families and 25 non-settler families occupying the conmunity on June 30, 1935., 18 settlers and 7 non-settlers bought the homes . t he:,, occupi ed when they were offered for sale early in 1946. fhe occupants who bought the ir places are listed on the following page. - 71 �Settlers Non-Settlers Anderson, L. M. ,Bowles, Carter Hampton, Charles · Marcum, Leslie · Alsip, Y'illl . F. 'A nders on, Troy ll. Baker; Cha rles Carpenter; Leonard Creech; Oater Edwards; Fou.."l.t Hale; Scott Hampton; George Inman; Chester Inman, Edward Kidd; Claude . . lirby • Arlie ,. li!oore, Albsrt Morgan. Louis Peters; Yfa1 ~ . Prioe~ Fred E. Shackelford, Hargus ?ussey~ Clarence i. Standau., A. Vi. Taylor, Henry Williams, Ray c. -.. .. .,., • ·•• • -• ~ , ' I . , i• The Forest Service. During the period from 1935 to 1938 when resettlement on a "comm,mitytt or "project~ basis was under consideratio~ by the Forest Service there developed a new attitude and policy with respect to dealing with farm tenants on the National Forests and to the u.se of National Forest land suitable for farming. This was lnrge ly due to a comparison or . the standards of resettlement set up for others with the treatment given National Forest tenants who were already on the land. · Beyond adopting the policy of the wgreatest good of the greatest number in the long run" and establishing procedures for issuing special use permits for which a fee must be collected the Chief's Office had paid little attention to this phs.se of National .Forest administration. On the forests, permits for residence and cultivation were issued largely on the basis of the desires and needs of the applicant without full regard for the suitability or the land for the authoriied use. R~«ever, in the early days of the Natural Bridge National Forest., such psr.nits ' provided for reasona ble naintenanee of i mprovements and propor land use and the per.nits authoriiing cultivat ion included farm plans Ylhich would not fall fe r short of present day standa rds. But. due · to inadequate tacilities. enforcement difficulties, a nd lack of official encourage.nent and leadership, these standards ware only partially accomplished and were finally abandoned. A member of the regional office probably well expressed the resional attitude when he wrote I I "I would l ... - emphasize - - t he fc..ct that we a.re in the business of growing trees , not f ami.1r; , a::2d tnnt wa ws.nt all our lands producing t imber as r apid l;;r as possible." -.72 �On October 15, 1928 Region 7 set up definite standards of occupancy and use which requirsd satisfactory land, housing and opportunities for a livelihood. A policy was adopted that "shack" occupancy on the nationa l forests would be permitted no longer and that all permits not 111.eeting the standards set up would be _closed.by December 31, 1930. While this polic, was heartily concurred in by top employees throughout the Region it r esulted in little or no action and existing and new permits continued as in the past. On April 20, 1936 the Chief's Office sought,, and obtained from the Secretary, e.uthority to issue free permits under certain conditions, to destitute people occupying national forest land. F'ree , annual, permits were issued u.nder this authority as followsi ·. Number of Annual Permits Forest Allegheny _Cumberland . George Washington - §.. · ··. · ··~ao 10 .Green . Mountain .2 3 .6 Jefferson Monongahela Yfui te Mountain - · On August 11, 1937 the Chief's . Office obtained authority to use the _. Civilian Conservation Corps to improve the place s occupied by National ..-· · Forest tenants. Aocomplish.--nents under this authority are summarhed below. ' ·_ · ·.- :::_ ..;·. _... · . . -.'-,J·_.:-- .. . Number . of· Places Developed . Renovated Forest :... · ~::.. Allegheny Cumberland George W~shington . Gree~ Mou.."l.tain Jefferson .Monongahela _ White Mountain l 15 9 3 2 Total Total 2 2 14 23 2 6 • - 16 10 11 44 59 -- 18 ... On September · 20.· 1937 the Chief's Office sent out a. •discussio.n of . policy" pertaining fa.raing and residence on national ~ores ts. 'lne essence of this discussion was t~at the Forest Service ·must be a good landlord. That subsistence or part-time f aming or suita ble areas of national forest land would be an asset, "both socially and as an · integral pa.rt of t he forests; 11 that "action to bring sanitation a.nd housing to reas~nable standards is ·olea.rly the responsibility of the Govermnent .R to ./ - 73 - �On February 11, 1938 F. A. Silcox, Chief, wrote R. M. Evans, Regional Forester, as 1 follows: "It is obvious that the Forest Service must deal with tenant and human relations problems in the national f'orests more directly tr.an formerly was believed necesse.ry . To redeem our r esponsibilities fully, the i mprovement and management of: National I'orest as productive property must ha definitely inte:r.voven with the reha bilitation e.nd suppod; of dependent families and comruunities. •Plans of action for both are interdependent. Because hum.an · rehabilitation as a part of the management of national forests was heretofore not too clearly considered a definite responsibility of the Forest Service , it is the purpose of this letter to outline the steps th.at must be ta.ken to ma ke it a par:t; of the Forest Service program." The Chief then outlined the ffs teps needed to meet the landlord responsibilities of the Forest Serviceft. which a.re m.unrearized below: ( l. ' Repair, renovate., reconstruct or build anew, national £orest tenant building improvements; test and improve v/8.ter supplies to acceptable standards; provide sanitary waste disposal a nd sanitary toilets; do the necessary initial land i.!l'.provement work, such as terracing, fencing , liming,. fertilizi nr; , land <?learing, etc. 2. Require eomplianne by permittee wit_~ good land-use practice; provide for regularly recurrent supervision of the maintenance of improveI;lents; ob-ta.in the cooperation of the county agent, home demonstration agent, Soil Conservation Service, or similar specialized aid to prepare farn and home management plans, meas1.1 res for preventing and controlling erosion, and to provide continuous guidance in the execution of the plans. s. Determ.ine the basis for an equitable rental policy; investigate present credit facilities open to tenants, including aid from the Farm Security Administration; detannine extent of work opportunities available to tenants; investigate possibilities of establishing new, small locai i~du~tries. :, Determine possibilities and costs of transplanting tenants residinb on land incapable or further farming use to nes.rbz. areas of land adapted to part-time f ~r!lling operations. Thus, the Forest Service, probably for the first time, brought the tenant and huma n relation6 problems of the liational Forests 'L'i.thin the scope of the _n i;rea test good" policy which had been its watch':rord all along . - '14 - �It cannot be said t ha t this new attitudo of. the Forest S3rvice all stemmed from Subl imity or other specific reha bilitation projects, but it is fair to assume toot consideration of the question as a whole focused attention on problems and solutions in other respects and l ed to a r eappra isal of reluted conditions in the national forests. At this writing t h ere is a tendency in Region 7 to abandon the policy established by tho Chief, as outlined ~bove. ( ,: �CHAPTER VII LIQUIDATI0}7 The Agrioul tu r al. Appropriation _Act of 1943 and . subsoquent yeo.rs .indicated an intention en the part of Congress to . liquiclat,s resettlement projects. On July 9, 1943, Assistant Chief Kneipp wrote Regional Forester Evans as follows I •As a result of recent Congressional action, certain ( considerabl6 chnnges are occurring in the Farm Security Administration so that the organization is now trying to get its affairs in order. As ono step in that direction, it proposes that t he Sublilnit~, and DrU!W'u.ond projects be transferred to the Forest Service by Executive Order. 'l'hs F.S.A. representative suggested the possibility thet the situation could be met by the following means: (1) An authorization from tha Sacret~ry of Agriculture to the Forest Service for tha establishment by t he Forest Service of a _Bankhead-Black account. into which would be patd .all revenu e s derived f'rom the proj e cts, and · (2) an a'.lth orization to the Forost Service, under the terms of the Ban.~head-Black Act to disburse from euoh a fund .t he amounts necessary to continue the various . type s of pA.yments now made v,i th t he funds allotted by the F. S .A. under the Bankhead-Black authority.• • On July 14, 1943 the Regional Forester replied: •1t is my feeling that the Forest Service in conceiving, ( planning and developing and ndminislering for over seven years the Sublimity Col!l!llunity has assum"d certain definite responsibilities vrhich I e.m reluctant to give up • .Accordingly, if it is found that the Secretary of Agriculture has the authority and will gr&.ut the auth orizations outlined in the third ;;mra. gra;:>h or Mr. Kneipp's letter, I recci..mend that the Forest Service continue the management of this community and therefore i t would be agreeable to have it transferred from the Farm Sec~rity Administration to the Forest Servioe. 8 Personally, I t:-"ld other forest officers v,ho have played a part in- developing and administering this projoot a.re very reluc";ant to ha ve it abaudons d.• I i 16 �During the latter part of 194:3 the local poople wore informod of what was going .0::1 and their opinion solicited wi th resps ct to liquidation. The general conser.sus a.r.1ong the settlers, the lead:i~ citizens or the oounty including county officials, nnd the advisory conmittee, v.ras that if the levol of management and sorvices v:'.1ich cha :ra cterized the earlier stages of the proj0ct could bo mnintained they would be oppos ed to liquidation. but unless such management could be restored and continued they felt the .project should be liquida tod. Investigations during this period also disclosed that additional legislation would be necessary in order to continue the project under either of the authorizations suggested in Mr . Kneipp 's communication or July 9 or to otherwise provide for the services es:;euti&l to continuation on a healthy basis. In a con.ference on December 16, 1944, participated in by Messrs . Watts, Behre, Granger, Kneipp, Kotok, Loveri d.ge , Marsh , Pierce, ·Evans, Kircher and Price it w~s decided that the Secretary 1 s office would be con- Bulted as to legislation permitting continuation of the project according to past standa rds of service. The consensus was that if the Depart~ ment favored such action and if such l egislation was obtainable the proj~ct would oo given national forest status by proclamation and thereafter managed in conformity with the l egislative authority. Otherwise ,. Forest Service roanagernont should be t.erm.inated e.s · promptly a~ possible .. Upon finding t hat the desired legislation was unlikely and that liquidation appeared inevitable, the Fa.rm Security Administration took the position tnat th~ proj ect wns already liquidated as far as it ~-ras concerned and that it had no res ponsibility in the :matter . In a conference between Mr . Kneipp and Mr . Grover of the Forest · Service o.nd C. Scott Noble , Associate Admintstratcr , FSA, on February 22, 1945 , 1ir. Noble explained that it would be L~practicable tor the FSA t;:, aocapt any responsibility beyond lending some or its services to .th~ Forest Service in carrying out the liquidation procedure. It was therefore agreed t:aat t he first. step would be th.e cblegation of authority from the Secretary of Agriculture to the Forest Service tor the disposal of the project. This seem~d to "back fire• for the decision of the Depart~ent ~,as thst t~e Farm Security Administration and not the Forest Service would be tl2.e liquid.a ting agency • . A liemorandu:m or Understanding approved by ~ilson Cowen . Assistant War Food Administrutor and Charles F. · ,Grannan • .Assir-tant Seo.r etary of A~r t culture, on June 29 8-?d 30, 1945 ·respectively, contained the following provisioni •sublimity Carn:::nunity Proje~t~ Laurel a nd ~<hitley Counties, !e_ntucky s .i:.'xcept as herein otherwise provided , the ~dmin,istration and custody of this project, together with - 11 - �the improve~ents. appurtewnces and equipment presently locat ed thereon (e.nd inclucl.ing appropriate title date. , land r ecords e.nd files) are hereby transferred from the Forest · Service to the Farm Sscuri ty Administre.tion. Fa.rm Security Administrs.tion shnll exercise j urisdiction over suoh property in ~.ccord.e.nce 'l'rith a_pp~ic3.blo provisions of l aw, and the Forer, t Service shall ho.ye, no further po;,,ers · and functi ons- with r espect thereto; prov i ded , however. that the follo7fing described land loca t ed on the project she.11 be reta ined by the Forest Service. which shall exercise jurisdiction over such lanci and t he impro-ve.i!e:nt located thereon, for use as a service area in connection with the administrat ion of the Cumberland National Forest, to wit: that land spec ifica lly desiGnated on the plot of survey as lot "C 11 containing 9 .10 acr es a.nd lot 51 containing 4.0 a.ores; togethe r with power line ri ghta of way over lots ~.;.-, nnd telep:1.one line ri ghts of way over or e.cross lot F and lots - - • •Thi~ authority shall supersede Administration Order No. 25 6, dated October 8, 1940 . •This memorandu.'ll of Und.ersta.ndlng shall be effective as . of_ July 1, 1945." / On August 7 ~· 1945 , J .. B. Slack, Regione.1 Directer , F.s.A. • wrote R. M. Evans, Regional Forester as follows, •Ne wish to take this opportunity to t r...a.nk the members of your staff for t heir cooperation in the transfer of the Sublimity project fr 0m the Forest Service to the Far!!t Seouri t;7 Adm.inistra. tion. • At t he request of the Farm Security Administration _the Forest Servica continued to collect rentals for July a9d August, 1945. As of September 1 1 1945, the old leases were ca nceled, new ones put ·. into effect and full management responsibi:litieb assumed by tho Farm Security Ar.loinistration. · • 78 �i) CILI\.PTER VII I CO.NCLUSIONS MID REC01[lE1l)AfIONS ConclusionG. up The record of Sublimity S\mme d in this report seems to point to certain obvlous conclusions the most bnpor-1:;ant of' which are mentioned here . It vms extre:'0.0ly unfortunate to have spent so rn.uch money , t hou. ght 6 ener 6y and tims on an experimental undertaking e.nd then f a ll short of ca rrying it to fi:-ui tion. Had the facilities prov.ldod up to 19~2 , espocia.lly t he s ervices of an agrono::;iist_. ~een ccntinued ; and could l icr.1i dation have been postponed until c ond i ti 0:1s le-vel off o.fter t he y;ar • Subl i:mi t .v- s hould have pointed to the solutlon of :na.ny troubles ome social s.r;.d ccono:uic problems whi,ch are now either u nsolved or solved only i n part . By c ontinuinr; Sublimitr on e. f ully managed basis a. fe ,1 more years, a solution sho~ld have been indi cated to t he key problem of deter.:oini ng the l ength oi' time rural slum dwel l ers must s e rve unde r directed or controlled f a.n1ing practicea in or do r to become imbued with the spirit of good l nr.d husbe,n<lry a..nd to properly ova.luate t he benetits and security resclting t~erefrcm. A cl ue miiht also have been found to t he rea s ons for th.a t we ll kncrnn. tendency to abandon or neglect t he soil as so on as f8.!llily income from - other sources a t t ains e. certain level, have gi ven further i usl ght into t ne ability and willincness cf lu::iberman t o no c o:rmnoda.te thei r operations of the needs Contirn.,s.ti:m ?;o 1.1ld of f a r·.m-for e;:;t workers . Al s o., t he ability a nd wi llingne s s of f e.rm- fore st worksrs to take pr oper c~re of their farLs and at tne s ame time ma i ntain an ~ van and adeq'-la to fl ov; of' forest wo rkers. Ho~;-ever • the c cncl u s ions are not a ll of a post :mortem. nature hidden in t hose ss.:: wor c!s ttlt mii!lt have b-8en". Progre s s vras indi cated in eviff',/ e.ctivlty und r~l n:tionship. Thls -ims particula rly t;rue in t he follo ~ in~ r ~s~ects : l. While occ upancy was never entirely satisfactory it becsn~ ~ore stable each year~ 2. RentB.l pa.y:nents i n creRS-;;id e::.ch y oar ar:.d 9i . g p~roent of ai l r e!lt.als were colle cted . ~·;, z. A c0operative spirit. almost non-ezistant at fir st , ·took roo t acd t ~ere w~ s an i_nc r easla.; t e:c.d.:;nci to take cooperative u nde rta.kings . aa a matter of course . - 79 - �4.. The economic socuri ty and social outlook of the people This is poi nted out in detail i n the effect on occupant f ami lies section of' Chapter VI werfJ greatly increa.sed . on paie 71. 5. Communi-'c;y meetings which were first monopoliz ed by a few to carry on petty bickering$ . l ater developed i nto en• joyable , profitable and wholesome occasions . 6. Heads of f amilies developed a keen sense of responsibility fo r mainta ining themselves and their dependents in a self• r especting manner . while children accepted schools as an opportunity and not something imposed upon them . It i s a debatable question, nnd depends on the value placed on turning a f amily from a c ondition of dependence and despeir to self-reliant membe rs of society , o.s to the extent ·to which Sublimity was e. success from n governmental investment standpoint. mny thoughtful people believe that t he United States wa s ma.de much richer , i n hum.an values, t han t he 873,870.0J loss i ndicated in the balance statement on page 42.; However , t he seas oned c onsensus appears to be that except for experimental e.nd demonstration purposes such projects have li ttle or no place ·in our economic, political and social set-up . The chief r easons for this conclusion are , 1. The minimum successful mana.gement would r equire cons ide r.;. able control over the people; thus extending public employment e.nd so-called 11 Bureaucraoy 11 . , 2. The· c ontrol necessary to success i mplies t enancy or only limited ownership. This is counter to the more wholesome unrestri otod ~nn.ership . z. Success would often r equire concessions whi ch could be taken ns f avoring a f ew at the exp-0nse of many . 4. A r esettlewent pro gra~ ambiti ous enough to provide for all eligibles would upset t h~ ec o!lomy of tho country while one short of this could easily result in favoritism. 5. Life on such a community basis, even t hough it may be wholesome , suggests a form of r egimentation which is often obje ctionabl e to t hose it is designed to help. It may be concluded that to t he extent Sublimity wa s managed in accordance ,nth t he original obj ectives, it we.s most suc cessful as an exper i mental un1ertaking . The antici pat~~ r esults pointin~ out what not to do as well as w:-;.at to do were not ' fully accomplished due to the l et-down in management, t he war, end liquidation . • 80 - �At l east -mo results from Sublimity ce.n bo applied on the national forests to the bene fit of ~11 conoerned. 1here e.rez or both l and and people to rui opportunity to produoe should put to res t any doubts as to tho soundness of the p ogre.m of rehab ilitation, on an individual bads,. on t.l}a national £'or~ s ts. l• The reaction 2. The effeo.t of the advisory committee on the attitude of the general publio. This ooL.mittea had no official authority, yet the faot that it x-lsted and l ocal people were included in its re.rnbership created a public attitude all but unknown to projects handl ed solely by publio employees. To the general public Sublimity wa s "ourstt while the Cumberland National Forest managed by the same staff was tttheirs" . Recommendations. The follomng reconmiendations represents the writer's opinion of the proper course for the Forest Service , partioularly ~egion 7, to pursue with r espect to subsequent rehabilitation activities . 1.. 1'.hnt the establishment of rehabilitation communities on or in connection trith tha national :f'oronts bo discouraged. 2. That in oa.ae such projects are to be established on or in connection with tho n ational forests, the Forost Service indsti . e.. That full e.uthori ty for nll phases of management Md tins.nee be centered in one agenoy·. b. 15:lat there be reason~ble assurance of continuity O!t a given l evel of mnagement . o. 1'ha.t there be a olosad season on of'f'ioia.l reports and news items for the purpose of putting the repor ter i n a favorable po sition . d~ iha t o.f'.ficial i nspections be nada ago.inst prescribed policies, procedures and techniques and not the current whims of the inspector. ,. 1'hat the methods used to i ncrease l and produotion and to secure compl iance on the ,pa.rt or the tenant be extended on an individual basis to all areas of nationa l forest l and that are more suitable for fanning than for other purposes. 4. !hat the advisory committee philosophy be studied 1th a view to incorporating it as e.n essential pa.rt of nation.al forest develop!:lent and man~~er.ent . • 81. I fI �CHAPTF..R .IX APPENDIX This chapter contains pertinent information and statistical data on individual families and groups in greater detail than was warranted i n t he Y.rrit ten text. · The chief value of these data .will be in ~onnection with the follow~up studies suggested ln the preface.. Table VIfocontains an abstract of the laws, rules, and regulations to which Sublimity was subject. Table I ,:'enur~ Of Those Who Ocimpied Sublimity . • ·~---..,.-,-,---..,..-------· - --~-__,_ _ _ _ _ _ _:: _____P_e_r1_·o_ d_o_r_o_c_c_u_pan_c_y_ _ _ _ _ ~ t t ( ·- J tifo.: Na.me t -:Settlers · :I 1 .: Bullock.., Russell :I 2 : Smith., W illiam A,. .1 3 .: Salmons., Steely ) 4 .: Davenport,., F. W.• ,a 5 ;: Douglas., Lowell :& 6 : Dougl as , Ed .l 7 :t McPherson., Roosevelt ;I 8 .t. Pennington, Farris .I 9 .l Alsip., Clayton .tlO .z Car~, Elmon .tll .: Thomas., Roy .:12 _, Neal, Lawrence .tl3 .i Owens., Albert .sl4 : Roundtree , Enos R.• t15 : Fannin., Green .:16 .1 l'fuite,· James L,. tl7 .a Morgan, Louis t18: 1{eadors, Clarence tl9 ;: Sego, Uaynard :126 ·I Smith, Thomas A. :21 -: Sampson, Chas. f. .:22 .: Bell, St oney L. .t23 .t Hensley:, Tommie ,t24 .1 Davis., Berry .:25 ,; Salmons_.,. Cecil A. ::26 .: McKenzie., Ollie ::27 .1 Davis, J.• Lawrence .:28 .: Soulyret:t.e., Hubert .&29 -: Johnson, Yerda. -:30 ,: Gilreath.., Paul .i 31 : Alsip, Kenneth -132 •& W yatt, Lewis ..i :33 : Harrell, Andre,, : -: t From : To :t :: Total .: Average ; .: Months:lionths: Months : ,: :l :I :17-20-37 .: 10-21-37 :I : s-4~37 :lQ-13-37 I 8-9-,-37 :, 8-10-37 I 8-20-37 :lh-10-.37 : 7-20-37 I 7-16-37 .,10-15~37 .a 8-27-37 .:12-9-3'7 S 1-2-38 :12-13-37 ,&10-5-37 t 9-29-37 : 6-16-37 :12-2-.37 I 9-2h•37 sll-15:-37 -: .t 3,.0 ,: ,3.0 : .).0 :12'."'10.-::n := 4.2 .: . 7 .2 : : :: ;: .: : ,: .: : : 2-.3-38 :: 2-5-38 ·I 2-8~38 ;. 2-9-38 ;Z 2..10...38 :: 2-10-38 '.: 2-21~,38 '. : 2...27-38 .: 2-27-.38 ;: 3-7-38 ;: t 3-13-38 :I : 3-17-38 : .: J-22-38 .,I :: 3-22-38 : : 3-25.;3s : :: 3-28-38 Z : 3-28-,38 ;: .: ·3-31-38 : I 8-26-37 : . 5-20-38 : s 8-14-37 .:10-22-38 .: 3.7 5·. 8 5.9 5:.6 3.0 6:.6 7.•2 4.•4 6.0 2.9 2.•4 3.1 5:.6 5.8 9.3 3.8 6.•2 4.• 5 : : : : s : 10.9 16:. 7 22.6 28.• 2 31.2 I 45.0 49.4 55.4 58.3 (;/J • 7 63.8 : :: : : .: 37.~8 I 9-27-37 ,: 3-8-39 :10-21-37· .: 4-15-39 .ill-6-37 .: 6-17-39 : 1-27-39 all-16-39 tll-25-38 :J..1-28-39 : 7-20-38 :12-6-39 : 9-23-37 :12-8-39 ,I 1~►38 .: l-l-40 - 82 - .,.6 : :· .3:.6 : : 4.•2 t : 4,.5 :: I . 4.•7 ;I : 4.•5 : : 4. 7 : : 5.0 . 2· : 4. 9 t : 5.•o : . : 4.-9 t S 4,• 7 ;% : ,•• 6 .: : 4:.6 I : 4.•7 : .: 69:.4 : 75~2 : s~.5· 5.•o I 88.J : L•.~9 : 94.•5 : 5.~0 : 99.•0 t 5.0 8,.8 :107 .8 14.2 :122.0 :11-2-38 .:ll-12-.38 .: .~3 :122.• 3 :112-:31"'.'37 :12-27-38 ,: 11.9 ·:134.2 : 8-10-37 : 1-9-39 ::, 17.0 :151.2 :I : : : : : : : 5·.l 5:~6 5.• 3 : 5.6 t 6.•1 : 6~5 .I 6.~9 · .: 7.•3 : 7.4 : : ,I : : : 17 .3 :168.5 2 .: 17 .8 :186.3 : : 19.3 :205 .6 : : 9.6 :215.2: 12.l :22? .3: 7.6 : : 16.5 : 21.3 . s : 7 .9 : I 26.5 :270 .J: ~.5 I .: 23.9 :294.2: ~.9 : �! t : ~!!2:.t l ----------------:----~--~~-----~ : Name :.Settlers i:34: Davis, Alber~ t35 t lfoely 1 Andrev1 M. ~36 i. Jones, Thurman · t37 i 1;.rnch, Odell . i3B t Johnson, Cecil i39 i Freeman~ Edgar i40 i Utchliter, Lee i41: Napier, Robert E. i42 i Johnson, Gordon · i43 i Tabor, Wm. J, B. t44: Epperhart~ Omar · i45 i :46 i .i47 i i48 i :49 i i50 i ( Greer, Earl . Robinson, Ellie House, John Wilson, Herbert Murphy., John · · Bryant~ Crit i51 s Gabbard, Rufford i52 i Lakes, ~'inley i53 s Rhodus, Virgil i54: Angel, Lycester i55 i Davenport, AlonzQ i56 i Hall, Wm. Ezra i57 1 Eversole; Robert i58 i Hundley, ·Harvey i59 i Litton_, Verdon i60 i Bryant, Jakie i6l i Inman, ·Kenneth i62: Watson, Walter i63 i Hamlin; Alfred 164 i Hodge , Preston i65 i Johnson, Wm. T, i66 i Edwards, Fou.~t i67: Braden, Conrad i68 i Alsip, Clayton i69: Jopnson, Dennie i?O: Floyd, Arthur i71 i Stephens, Howard i72 i Lewis, J ames H. i73 i Gaines, Robert H, i74 i Johnson, Otis i75. i Wri ght , .Arthur i76 i Robinson, Robert t77 i Ball, Hilliam C~ a78 : Robinson , Che ster i79 :*Hale, Kermit iBO ~ , · ·~ Period of Occupancy McDaniel,. Albert_ J : · " : From : t Total : Average ·: , Months : Months ~ Months s· : 9-28-37 : 3~29~40 : i0~5~.37 z 3- 30~40 : 3-2-40 ~ 9-14-40 z 1 1~30:-39 s 9-30-40 : s 3:-9-:-39 : 10-10-40: : 5~28~37 ~ 12-4-40 t s 9:-23:-39 t 12-6-40 : a 12..14~39: 12-13-/i.O: s 12-13-38 : 12-19-liO : ll-10-37: 12-31-40; 12-13-39: 1-4-41 : i s t i To : 1 360~4 ~ 300~4 ~ 399p4 z 30.0 : 324.2 ~ 9e5 29~8 : 351}~0 : 10,l · 6~4 20,0 19.0 1 ~ 492.2 ~ ~ : : 10.4 ; i : 11,7 37~7 , 529,9 ; 12,3 12:7 ; 542.6 : 12.3 1-1-:-39 l.- 5-41 : 21~~1 J 566. 7 I 12~6 2-ll~li,O : 1~14-41 ; ll~l 1 577:8 : 12"6 3:-13-:-39 f 1-27-41 ~ 22.5 J 600·~3 : 12,.8 9~8-37 1 2-22-41 ; 41:5 1 641:s ; 13.4 a 12-:-29~.39 ; 3-8~41 · ; l.4~3 & 656:1 ; 13,4 1 8~27-37 t .3-9-41 J 42~4 : 698~5 14,0 : 4~2-40 : 3~12~41 ~ 11,3 ; 709~8 .13,9 1 3-14-40 3~18~~1 : 12.1 • 721,9 : 13,9 t 4-2~38 '.3-27~41 J 34:9 ; 756,8 I 14,3 : 2-5-38 1 3-30~41 : 37:8 794.6 : 14.7 i 12-6-38 : 4-6-41 ; 2s:o ; 822~6 15.0 i ll-14-38 1 5-24-41 f 30~3 ; 852~9 : ·1 5,2 : 3-15-41 , 8-30-41 ; · 5,5 ; 858.4 I 15.l i 11-9-40 1 10-4-41 ? 10~8 • 869,2 1 15,0 i' 3-15~41 : 10-25-41 ; 7,'J ; 876,5 ; 14,9 i .3-22-41 , ll-29-41 l 8~2 : 884;7 : 14,8 j 1~29~38 ; 12-23-41; 46:s ; 931,5 : 15,3 I 5-20-38 i· 12-30-lil. J 43:3 i 974.8 z 15,7 1 12-5-41 i l-31-42 ; 1~9 s -976~7 -: 15,5 t. 12-31-.37 : 1-31-42 ; 1~9;0 :1 1 025,7 : 16.0 t 3-22-41 l 2-2~42 ; 10.3 :1~036,0 I 15,9 : 2~25-40 : 2-)2-42 ; 23~6 ;lj059,6: 16,1 . t 12-2-41 1 2-28-42 : 2~9 :1~062,5: 15.9 : 4-1~1 : 3~12-42 : 11~4 :1,073;9 : · 15.8 : 9-2-37 ; 3-17-42 : 54,5 ,1,128,4; 16.4 I 1-16-42 ~ 4-6-42 ; . 2,7 ;1,131,1 ~ 16~2 : 12-4-41 1 4-ll-42 ; 4,2 :1,135,3: 16,0 : 12-27-41 ; 9-30-42 : 9.1 ~1,141~,4 : 15,9 s 3-22-41 ; 10-15-42: 18~8 ,1,163,2: 15,9 : 12-:-3-38 : 10-20-42 : 46~.6 . ·11,209,8 : 16~!~ i 10-:-20-41 ~ 10-23-42 : 12,l tl,221"9 : 16,3 : 3-:-10-42 : 11-ll-42; 8.0 :1,229,9: 16,2 : 3-29-1~2 : 12-:--42 : 8,2 :1.,238 ,i : 16,1 z .3-19-.'+l : 12-15-42 : 20,.9 sl., 259,0 i 16,1 a 8-ll-;7 : 12-31-42 ~ 64,.7 :1.,323,7 1 16,8 t 12-5-41 ~ 12-31-42 ~ 12,9 ,1,:336 .. 6 2 ~-6,7 - 83 - ~ 10.0 10,3 42~2 : 441,6 ~ 11~3 14~4 , l~56,0 . z lle4 12:0 : /+68,0 : 11,4 24:2 1 ~ ; ~ ~ J J ~ ~ ~ ; ~ : ~ J J ; , , f ; ;. ; , ~ · ; : ; ; ; J t t ; ; ; ; ; ; : �J; ~ ~- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ i ~ .t t?fo. ;· Name s ; Set tlera J81 J Bryant; Leslie C, J82 J Litton~ Albert &8.3 a Parker~ Shelby , s ~~J s ~ 3~1-40 J 3-,.27-42 J 3-1-42 ~ J J t s : .__·""·::· , Average : a· Months · ·t ·· l-- 9-43 , 34"3 : 1,:no~9 ~ 16,,9 l -17-43 t 9.7 t 1 1 380:-6 ~ 16,.8 l - :il-43 ~ ll~0 : 1 1 391~6 ~ J88 J Proffitt, Ernest ;89 ~ Spurlock, James t90 J Johnson, Tom ~91 , Jones ., Chas , F, J92 J Ha11., · osca.r J9.3 ~ Carpenter, Emmit .t94 i Isaacs, Howard ,95 .1 Robinson, Wm,. ll.l 1 1.,402~7 ~ 1 4-1-43 c 26~6 i l,li.29/3 a f l-.1 8-11.J ; 5-3-43 t .3~5 1 1 1 432~8 ~ J J-20..,.41 J 5-l~-4'3 : 25 it 5 : l., 458 it 3 ~ , 1~18-43 ; 5-13-43 ; 3~8 l 1.,462 ~1: ; 12-1-41 ~ 5-15~43 I 17:-5 : 1.,479.6: , 3-15-40 ; 5-16-43 i 38.0 : l.,518~l~ ~ :: 12-10-1-..l ; 5-20-43 : 17~3 ; 1,535.7 .st 12-25-42: 7-14~Ji.3 : 6.6 , 1.,542~3: t /i.-1-41 ; l-31-44 : 34~0 a 1;576~3 , a 1~23-42 J 1.:31-44 1 241'3 _a 1 1 600:-6 : ~ 3-18-43 J 1.:31-44 : 10.4 : 1.,611~0 : t96 c 12-10-38 .: .3-15-41~ : 63~2 J84 J Wise , _Lloyd J85 1 Stephens, Lester · ~86 J McFarland, Martin t 87 J ( Period of Occupancy J· . c: Total To ' Months i Months Roberts, lli.d Wosley, Wml' 197 .t *Inma.n, · Chester 198 ~ Jones , Floyd 199 ,i *Hursh Dorsey 1100~ Hacker, J ames .sl0la Perry,· Charles tl02t . Beckner., Earl -,tl0,3: Roberts, Delbert 1104: Price, Fred E,. il05: Black, Willie Dow :106: Hale., Scott · 1107: Lanham., Luther il08: Carpenter., Denver tl09t Moore., Albert sll.0: Anderson., Troy alllc Alsip., Wm,. F.. tll2.: Car penter, Leonard ·:ll31 Baker, Charles tll4: Tussey, Clarence _t ll5: V!D.rlin., John 1l16t Campbell, Herbert _tll7,c trorgan, Louis tll8_: Kirby,· Arlie _tll9t Angel, Eli _1120.i Inman, Edward _.:121_1 Steph~ns, Grover .: 122: Kidd, Claude .1123.t Cr eech, Hillard .:124: Brovm., RoD.ie .:125.: koore, Walter .1126.s Caddell, Nelson .t 3-1-42 J 1-13-41 I I ll~l-37 a 4-►40 :1 4.;,4...43 I 2-4-43 : 3-31-LJ+ J. t .1 l}-10-L~ c J: 5"!"30-44 i 1 3-30-43 ~ 8-31~14 .: :, 12-20-43 .1 n~1e-44 a 3-24-43 I 2-15-39 t 6,...5-37 .l · 8-1-37 : 1-.31-45 : I 3-ll-45 t • 6-30-45 : .1 . 11 a 9-12-37 _: " a : 9-1-37 : 9-3-37 11 c ,I I 1 ►15-39 12-16-39 .i 2-7• 40 2-7- l~0 4-:>--40 .: 4-15-h0 t t & :I . 9-17-37 .: 9-27•37 :l 10...1-37 .: : 10-21-37 s 10-.30-37 t lJ...,.16-37 ,I ll--17~37 : 12-31-37 I ll-18-38 ,I I .z 12-1-40 t ')-20-41 t ►21-41 . :I 11 I 11 .s " " ~ : 77 .•0 4s:.2 131'9 l'/1'0 10.9 22.0 72.9 96~8 95 .•0 94.6 94:. o 93.• 9 93,. 4 93~1 93·. o 92'.3 t ;l 92:.o : " a 91.5 : : : : • " " " :I 91.4 ,I 1 90:. o 1 75,.5 l I " J 66,.5 II a 64.8 1 " : : " " i t " a " 61;.s a 6i .9 1 62,.5 i 55,. 0 a 51,.3 ;I 51,.3 • 84 - 16~7 : 1 l : : : : , ,: 1 II 16:-8 16~7 16.a 16 ~ 8. " " : : : ~6r6 16.6 16~ 9 16_.9 16.8 171'0 17 l'o l?.0 t 1,674 .•2 ; i?~l+ I l, 751.2 : 18 .1 t 1., 7991'4 _ : l 8~L} 1 l'.,8131'3 _, 1s ·. 3 s 1.,8301'3 1 1s ·. 3 : 1,ei~1 .• 2 _: 18~2 : 1 1 863 .•2 ,: 18.3 1 1 1 936,. l ~ 18·. s s 2.,032_.9 : I 2 1 127.• 9 .l : 2;222,. 5 t s 2,316,. 5 : I 2,410,. 4 _ : I 2,503.8 : , 2,596:. 9 ': i 2,689.~9 _ : : 2,782.• 2 _s .a .f I i ~ 2.,871.,,,. 2 _: : 2,965,.7 .: I 3.,057,.1 .: l 3,1.l•?.• l :I : i : l 1 : 1 : •• : 1 I 79,•4 : 3.,226_.5 : : 3.,302,. 0 : I 3.,.368,.5 : J 3.,433_ .3· : · t 3,498 .1 : , 3,561_.o :: : 3, 623.•5 : : J., 678 .5 : : 3,729 .8 .r : 3,, 781,.1 ,I ' J : �- •• tNo'.: t. - •• Name ;Settlers fl27: Shackelford, Hargus , 128; Bl"a.den ~ Lawrence t From t ; 3-26-41 , 1-1-1+2 ; 3-20~1.2 tl.32t Peters., Wm. ; s ; Edwards., Fount Johnson., Lewis Hampton~ George Tackett.., Ben 1137: Rader., Pleasant ,Non-Settlers , l J Cupp, Martin s 2 .; Cupp., John M. · t 3 t Miracle, Roscoe l 4 i Bolton., ·walter i 5 s Hicks ., Andrew J, a .6 t Herron, lillard ' , 7 J s 8; s9 s 110; Hacker~ Fred Johnson., Morris C. Johnson~ Floyd Reams, John C, sll ; Ingram, Clark ;12; Johnson., Robert cl.3 t Creech, Mrs . J, D, sl.4; Vanarsdale., D. F. sl5 s Hedrick, Vince sl6; Ledford~ Arthur sl7 a Lawson., G, w, 118: Stand.au _, A, W, al9; Hensl ey., Emory J20 i Anderson., L. M. ·s21 : Beckner., Blanche a22 . i Wells, Ellie J23 t~ale, Ker.wit •24: West , Claude :25 : V.ia.rcum, Leslie t26; Taylor~ Henry C. t27: Combs, Enos D. 128: Carpe~ter , Celia .129 J Shehan , Essio J30 J Bowling , Robe~~ t 31 : Le ris ~ Marnia t32: Sparks ., Oscar ,33: Bowles, Carter To ' 6-;30-45 i • ; ,, : If '' ' " " " " "It " i 3-28-42 r 1-26- 43 2-8-43 3-28-43 : 5-1..,43 I 9-ll-4~ 1-1-44 I i: t $ 1 : 12-20-42 : 4-9-43 I 1-1-4'.3 I 9-9-43 5-5-43 ll-'r-43 10-15-43 : 12-2-43 J 3-20-43 : l2-6-43 l 9-15~ t 9-6-43 5-18-4;3 t 9-J0-44 5-1-44 I ll-1-44 12-10-44 i 5-4-43 •• 1-6-45 I l-22-42 •• 1-3)~-45 •• 1-1-45 J 12-12-4Jf- l 4-4-45 , , 3-8-45 t 4-7-45 S 11-15-li-2 ; 6-30-45 t 12-7-42 : ",. I. l 4-5-43 ; 4-27-43 t "It t 5-27-43 •• It 9-11-43 •l 9-27-43 r " I 10-1-43 : "It J 5-17-44 I I 11-16-44 : 6-30-45 ' ' '' ' ' t ll-16-44 I r 11-20-44.: "It 11-21-114 i I It : .12-17-44 •• 11-20-44 . : 12-18-44 ,. : 12-21-44 : ; 12-26-44 : .I 1-10-/;5 •• ' 2-12-45 ' - 85 • '' " ·" " "n ti " t ; Average : Months : •• f ~ 3.,832,2 f 42,5 t 3,874,7; ; · ,~2.0 t 3.,916,7; 39,3 ; 3.,956,0; ; 39.1 C 3~995~1; ; 28,7 : 4.,052,9; ; 51.1 ~ ; • II I I I ; f ; a Total ; Honths : Months f , 12-16-41 i ,129; Chandler., Leroy il30; Kidd, Ventis ;1,31: Creech~ Oater tl33: tl34: tl35; tl36; ( '' ; . . Pefiod or Occupancy ' . ' 29,l ; 4.,024.•2 ; ; ; 27,1 i 4;000 ,0 ~ 26,0 : 4~106,0; 21,6 , 4.,127,6 ~ 18,0 : 4,145,6 l '' I 3,6 8,3 ; 6,2 ; l,6 t 8.5 J 12,3 16.4 6,0 ; 19.2 ; 35~5 1,0 J : 3~7 1;0 J 31,5 J 30,8 ; ' ' • '' J •• ; •• ,; 11,9; ·. 18,1 , •• 28,2; : I ; ':• • s I : i · · 3,6 ; C • ~ 21,0 131>/} 7.; ' : •• I •,,• 7,5 7,3 7.3 7,3 6.4 6,4 . 6,3 : 6,.1 I '' • J I •J ; : ; : : : 5.7 •• 4,.6 •• 30,3 3,.6 6,0 6~0 40,5; 56,9: 62,9: 8.1 82,1: 5,6 6.8 7.9 9,1 ll7,6 •, ll.8 118,6 t 10,8 122~3 • 10 ,2. 123~3 •• 9,5 154,8 , ll,l ~ . . . • ,' ; 4,9 ' ' C 19,7; : 185,6: 26,8 r 212,4 ~ 26~1 238,5 •• 263,6 • : 25,1 J 21,6 J 285,2 • 21,l I · 306,3 : • •'• 327,3 ~ 3401'7 & 348,2 I 355,.7 J 363,0: 370,3 ~ ':' ; •.• J ; .i ' ' '• : J ~ : .• I : J. ,• 'JJ I •; ; ; . C ,. ~ ~ 384,.0: 390 .•4 I J 3':/7.6 396~7 402.s ·I' 408,.5 • 413,,1 J . J J J ~ ~ �'l - &: : ---: Non-Set t l ers N~Jno 34:*Inmn.n, Che ster t 35: Hampton, Chas . : 36: oren, Hrs . Lou s 37: Tipton, John Y. : 38r*Hurst., Dorsey I 39t W i lliams, Ray 1176: Sub Total t I 11:: N. Y.. A. tl87: Grand Total t - . :. ' t t t t Period of Occupancy I : No. t : I From. 2-17-45 ..• 3-3-45 • 3-12-45 s Total t t To a •• : 6-30-45 .:• l:tonths •• -.onths II t II s s •• •• t : 4.4 : J.6 I 3.9 41705 - .. Average : :Months t •• •• 421.4: 425.0 : 3.0 J 428.0 : 2.5 430.5 •• u t 1.5 •• 432.0 l 11.1 II • h.,577.6 I 26.0 .. 9-18-39 • 12-31-42 :4,577.6 406.0 • 40.6 t 406.0: : 5-28-37 : 6-30-45 :4,983 .6: 4,983.6 • 26.7 : 4-1-45 t t I 4--14-45 I 5-14-45 : I 5-28-37 a II II I .' ~ •• I *Abandoned Sublimity as settler and came back later in a non-settl er status . - 86 - ' t . . •• ... •• : : : : : • .•. •• t �Table II T) Status of Famiiies Who W~re Investigat ed, Accepted and Moved Into Sublimit y . ,:· :- -~ ~ ~: Av er age : Average : • . : Age : }'~du.cation: Name ·and I : ~ : 0 ~ :Pa~-:Chil - :Par-:Chil-:Property; lncome •• .t Address I ,: Date r...;::_~r.,,,. : ents:dron .: ents: dren : O-.-m0d :~ R~s 5 t . • :Alsip, Clayton • • : . : : • • • : Corbin, Ky,, .: 5-12-'.37:8990: 4 * 24 i ) • 10 ,: 0 , i 217 : $ 504 •• .1 Alsip, Clayi;.on t t •• .,. : .t .1 ~ •• C.o rbin, Ky . 68 = 850 : J 8-29-!~0 .: G'O .o: .5 : 27 : 5 : 10 ,: 0 • ~ t . •. t Alsip,. Kenneth :, t t : • •• • 0 •• 11 J 0 l Corbin, Ky!"128 •• : a 6-19-.37: 89.0: 2 •• 19 • • t i • ~Als ip , - Wm~ F, : t : . •• • • • • Vox., 8 •• 6-19-37. : 84. _ 7; : a : Ky!" : 431 325 J 33 9 3 7 •. • .• •:: : •• •• . t ~Ande1•son, Troy t :: t t Jellico Creek,. Ky.~ 6-8-37 ~89,.5, 3 : 26 ; 2 l 10 • 0 : 75 : 1,200 • .. .• .• c· t : •• • sAngel, Eli : : , • • 0 6 0 ;80.2: s : 2 : . 500 t Parrot, Ky. 253 23 J 1-4-~9 • • • s . t r t : cAngel, Iwcest er t l • • Ayers, Ky. t 112-7-37 181.3: 3 : 28 : 6 I 9 J 0 : ~o : 1,980 • ,• •• t t ,Baker, Charles s r l r J ••· , ; • • • Bird, Ky , 8-11-:37:83,1: 8 ;;6 : 9 J • 1,000 : • 2 I . •• r : : I l : ~Ball,- Wm, c,. t • 0 I l 1-21-42:80 .3: l~ r 21: 1 J 12 Pine Knot , Ky,15 • 600 •• •• •• : : : : : 1 Beclmer , . Earl : J •• , London, Ky,2-23-43: 80 .6: 5 J 26 I 2 J 8 : 0 : 405 : 2,500 : l . •• •• l : t : : I ~Bell, Stonsy L. J,000 f I 6-16-37: 88.8; 6 l 42 : 13 • 4 J 6 : 529 t Shoopr:nn, Ky,•• •• : • t I I I t tBlack, W, D, J 350 •• 400 • i 4-19-37:89.5:10 •• ;;9 •• l3 i 8 : 4 I t Bald Rock, Ky. •• •• r C : : : I t ~Braden, Conrad : 1,000 ; 9-5-41 ;84.5: 3 •• l l ll t 0 l Holly Hill, Ky. 75 . I t I ; t : t 1Braden, Lawrence •• •;, • • s 1,500 t I : 10 278 :10-JQ-J.+l: 83,0; 4 38 • 5 • 3 f Holly Hill, Ky. I I I I : : l t I I ~Brorm, Rollie : I 0 I 500 97 t Earnestville, Ky, :10-21-40; 80 .0: 3 I 25 i 3 I 5 • •• : t •• : I I t t :Bullock RusBell I . 125 : I 5-23-37: 83 .0e 2 •• 22 •• 0 : 9 I 0 I •• t Corbin, Ky. : t •• t I : t t t JBryant , Crit I 250 • 313 : t J ellico Creek, Ky,: 6-28-37:87.33 2 : 22 t 0 I 8 2 0 t , t •• t I : t : t I t ;Bryant, Jakie •· t I ~60 2 t l 8 t 50 i t ;82.0 : Whitley City, Ky~ :12-3-41 34 7 t . ·- . . ~ - . .. . . . I \ . ♦ . . , * ' . ' . . .- ' ♦ • so •- ' . ' • • . a:. ' . . . • . . . ' tBryant, Lesli e C. i'ibitley City, Ky . tCaddell , Nelson Pine Knot , Ky. ;Campbell, Herbert ' ' ' * •• t t t s-16-39:e-0.5; : 3 23 t t •• Jellico Cre$k,Ky., i t t 2-24-l}l; 81. 7: t t 9-29-37: 81,3: ' I 't 3 35 : ' : 4 't 29 •• t - 87 - : : 1 : 5 : 0 t •• : 4 t 0 4 : 3 : 8 I ' 0 s a t 10 : I •• . . t 300 : •• : 125 : 1,000 : 218 •• ..• I 1,045 : - �t _ __,_,_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. i t Name and : t. Addre ss c 1Carpenter, Denver ; Average : Average i Age : Educa.t:ton ; 1i! : <;~Par-:Chil..::Par: Loam, Kentucky t t l Loam, Kentucky sCarpanter, Leonard t Loam, Kentucky tCarr, Elmon t Keavy, Ky.. • l-1.3-40:78.2: 4 * 24 : a t t t 9-18-37:83.8; 6 s 28 t t t s & 9-18-37:84.5; 2 t 22 :Chandler, Leroy t Merahons, Ky. t . ;Chil:;""'"f>i._o_p_o_rt_y_:"""'Iri,_co_m_\ D~te_t /5 .:.::::=~nt~:dren sents:dren s . Cr.med ~1~~~§5 r :. t : : t : ; ; 4-28-37:87.:,: 3 t 21 i l ; 8 l O t $. 50 ;$ 405: , t t i: t t r f , ; &Carpenter, Emmit t ( , t o : -~.!1: t t t t 3 : t : t a i 4-29-4lt81,7: 5 a 29 ; ~* i 5 : 0 t ; : t 2 ; 8 t O • : r t O ;10 1 i O , : t k2 i l 80 t i t 300 s s 6 t 9· z 1 : $0 t 450 t i a 1., 704 ~ , s i 4 t 5 t 11 $47' s 2,500 : tCresch, Willard t , 1 t : t : s t t • Earnestville, Ky. r 2-l3-40t81.7: 3 t 28: 7 r 7 : 0 : 265 i 996 1 &Creech, Oater : i· t : t I Travelers Rest,Ky. s10,..27-4lt80,0: 8 i .49 i 16 t tDavenpor-t. 1 Alonzo Squibb, · Ky. ,Davenport, F. W. t Jellico., Tenn. , 1 tDavia, Albert t t a : ; i 110-15-38:80.3: 2 : 19 t s t & 6-28-37:84.7: I : I : t t l t W illiamsburg, Ky. 1 7-19-37t 84.6: 4: 23: aDa.vis 1 Berey a t t s : t Sumner, Ky. 1 9-23-37:81.2: 4 i 211- ; tDavis, J. Lawrence : 1 : t London, Ky. 110-11-37:90.7: 4 s 1 cDouglas, Ed. : s & i 0 95 f 1 : S l,U.O t t : t l 10 s O i s :,60 s I I 1 J t 3 : 8 s 0 7 : f : 0 105 : i t t 143 : 1 1 000 & a i 200 r t 3 ; : ,o,; : O t 6 3: 23; l s 250; s 700 t s 1 • : 960 : : 8 ; 13: 2 J 1,700 : ; 1 900; t Jellico Creek., Ksr.: 7•19-;7:84.5: J I 29. t 4 ; 6 I O : aDouglas., Lowell : s s t : t s : s Jellico Creek, Ky.: 7-29-37:89.2: 2 & 22 a O s 8 I O f t : 829 I 966: 238 50 aEdwards, Fount t Mt . Victory, Ky. : f I I 276 s 1,337: aEpperhart, Omar I I ' I I : I f t Vox, Ky. tEversole, Robert ·• Hazel Patch, Ky. I Fannin., Green t l I I s 1-5-40 :82.0: 2 c 27 f : · a 6-15-39: 82.21 3 t 1 1 : 21 1 t t I s t t 1-4-41 :81.0: 3 1 22 : : t t l 5-15-37t90.5a 2: 26 O I 1 I London, Ky. t 7-21-4ltS2.0i t 1 4-19-'37:00.7: 2 : 20 : 0 l t t : 1 t Heidelberg , Ky. tGaines, Robert H. : ?!ershons,; Ky. : 2-29-40:80.o: ·3 22: l : t : : : 2-10-41:82.5: 2 a 22: 0 1Gilreath, Paul & . Holly Hill, Ky . t : l : t : : t i : : 9-9-38 : 84.5; 2 : 21 I I 7: 31: 6 t : : 1 I • I 0 : : t : t t 1 aFreeman., Ed.gar a SUmner,Ky. . :Gabbard, Rufford. ; 0 s • 9 I l Ky~ I Floyd, Arthur I 1 s 1 1 : 7: 0 , Morehead., : l t 8 1 t I t. 1 t 100 & . l a I I I 8 : 0 a : s 8: .0 : a 1 8, 0 : I O : : : t O s 10 : 0 : : a 3,000 a • : 119 s ~O: I 1 1 005 t · I t , 1 335 s 1,288 : 7: 0 , $ t l I I. t : 1~100: s : 76 : 910 : t : 35 : 580: t * : 120 : l : : 120 : 1,260 : I I �tJ .: _____________: t r Name and Address tGreer, Earl : Symbol., Ky . tHacker, ·J arnes : Big Creek, Ky • . 1Hale ., Kermit t London, Kentucky : Hale , Scott t London, Ky. tHall., Oscar t : Date ~ : : t;i~ Average t Average Ap,e : ~ : : ~:Par-:61iif-:: Par-:Chil- :..,.P1-•o-p_e_rt_y_:...,ln '°"'c,,..,.o-.-ie- : :_::,_ailr2: ~ : dren : ents:dren : Oimed : : .• : ..• .• . . t : I t I 7-19-37:88.5: 2 S : t t : : 24 I t Azor, Ky. I : Hamlin., Alfred : 2Hampton., George t Bald Rock., Ky. :· t 8 : .• .. .. l Hundley, Har-t1ey t McKee., Ky. t t t t 6-17-40: t •• t * ,: t t : 8 : t t tHurst., Dorsey : t t Travelers Rest, I<y.: 2-25-43: 80 .o; 6 : airunan., Chest er : Pine Knot, Ky. tinman., Edward : f : : f 0 t 3: 23 I : 1 : 30: 6 : •• .•t : .• l ' t t : : : t· Ar-1el, Ky . 2JolL11~on., Cecil : I I : t : 9-29-37: 82 .0: 4 :· : I 26 l l l : S •· • : 9-16-41:82.; 4: 36: 9 : London., Ky. tJoh."lson, Dennie a McKee, Ky. I London, Ky. iJohnson, Lenis 1 Berea, Ky. 1Johnson, otis t Ribold, Y~. z t : : 495 0 2fJ7 : : t 9 : 2 I : l 1 8 ; : l • . • : : : : :10-5-38 :81.0: 2 I 22: 0 - 89 - : I . 8: 2 : . 8: * :• • .• t .• 340: •• 1,200 : 960 : t I 1 1 306 : t t . : 1.,000 : .• : .• 490 : O : : 30 : 2.,016 : 0 I t l 340 : 550: : 142 2 50 : : 5-12-37_:84 . 7: 7 : 45 11 : : : : : : : •• :10-4-;8 :00 .7: 2 l 24 : 0 ' 8 : 0 : . .. . . : 3-26-43:so .o: 3 : 52: 11 : t 5 : 2 : l : l.,602 : 1,190 : 2,000 : l t t 1-5-39 :82 .8: 3: 22 I t t : : : t t 350: : 130 : 1,155: : 7-24--37:o/J.6; 7: 32 : 10 : 6: 3 Hmrard 1Johi"1son , Gordon : t I : 100 : : 415 •• t 6 : 6: l :: : l 0 •• t 9 : 0 : t : 8 I O I 1 I saacs., t 6 9 t Pino Knot, Ky • . t In.'!lall., Kenneth t J ep Hill, Ky. s i l :10-18-37:85 .2: 7: 31 z 8 : 9 t . : •• t :12-12-38:80. 8: 2: 23: .. . 180 2 : 900 550 : 7,500: : t t 7: O 9 : . : 0 : 6 : t t l : 2 : 6-19-37:86 .J:) I 21: 13 :: : : • :12-31-37:81 .0: 2: 25: 0 Symbol., Ky. : 6 : 9 a Loam., Ky . : House, J oh.'1 t Victory, Ky. : 5 :. tHensley., TorAfaie t . '.347 : : t : : : I I t : 8-26-38:87.1: 5: 32 : I 0 O : t tl2-26-43:80.0: 4: 47: 20 t 8 : f 0 : 1,800: t : 8-15-41:80.0: 2 : 20: t •• : t 0 : :$1,464 : 4 : : t t : 9-20-38:84.3: 2: 25: :® 150 o : 8 a O : diarrel l , Andrew : Emlyn, Ky . :Hodge, Preston : : : : 1-23-43:80.0: 6: 53: 18 • l : : 4-19- 37: 86.5: 5: 23: 2 : :10-10-42:80 .0: 7: 33; Pine Knot, Ky . •• : : London., Y~ . tHa.11., Vim . Ezra t :i_~~~i.,_: : 1-13-38:80.7: 2: 22: 0 : 10: 0 I : t F,ducation: 113 15 : 1,260: : 2 t : 0 : .• : .• .• t 320 : 2,000 : t .• �D i: t t Na.me and l Address ; :Johnson, Tom : London, Ky . : -~ Data ~ Average : Average · l Aae : E~ucat ion: , ~ : c: ~ : •r-1.,f!Par-:Ch:ff.::Par- :Chil-:Proporty: !ncome ~ :dren : ~: drcn 1 O;me~- :1~~~s.5__ : ~_£_: ~rff ~ : t : · z ; 2- 16-40: S0 .. 2; 2 : 20 : :Johnson; Verda l ; : J ep Hill, r~ . : 3-24-38;80.7: cJohnson, Vl. • T. a ; t London, r~. : 2-20-1µ;81~0: tJonas, ,Charles F. : : a : Pine Knot, Ky. : 8-21-41: 81~3: sJones., 1'"'loyd ; :. t t P-lne Knot, r~. : 2-12-40;80_.0: :Jones , _Thurman t : J : Mar shs Sidinz, Ky- J l -26-40;80,0: tKidd, Claude : J c t Pine Knott, YIY: 2-29-40:80_.0: ;Kidd, Ventis t t : t Pine Knot, Ky,. : 2-16-/i.2:80.0 : :Kirby J Arlie I .t t : Livingston-, Ky,. .: 2-11-39.1 81.5: .tLakes, ~"'inley .t t :: : McKee , Ky. , 1-15-40.:80.• 7: .:Lanham, Luther t t : : Clio, Ky. : 7-29-37:84.6: tLswis,- James R,. : t : t London, Ky,. t 8-25-41: 84.3: .&Lichliter, Lee t . t t : Bernstadt, Ky. c 1-29-38: 82,. 0: .:Litton, Albert t .: : t Creekm.ore , Ky:. : 1-26-l~:SO.•O: .sLi.tton, Verdon t :: .: . Vox, Ky. : 2-26-41:SQ .7: ;IJ-u'llch, Oclell t I t :a Whitley City., Ky:. : ll-25-38 :S5.o: :t Ma.rtin, John t : t r Eglon, Ky. : 8-26-37:8,3.0: .: McDaniel, Albert : : : : Lamero, Ky. :11-1-41 .:81.0: . : McFarland, ilartin : : : ·t Corbin, Ky, . : 9-21-42:00.0: : •: McKenzie, Ollie t Ky .• . r t ·I : : 2 ; 30 : t 4 4 2 r ~ o ; 4 f 33; : : - 0 2 t : t t t : 8: t : ~4 , 5 : 6 : ~ : : Frenchburg, . t Meadors, Clarence .: : : ·: ~:: ~ ~~ : t 1 t s a r 50 .~i : 159 J •35 : 8 ; . 0 : : 9 : 0 : 3 : t 0 : t t 26 : : : 0 : 5 : t t : t : : 7 : : 9 .: ·40: 10 : 4 : : 5 : t : · .f 165 190 * :. t : : _l,,140 .: .: t : 936 : .t O .: 166 : 375 : : 6 .: 0 t t : 377 .: 984 : .I t 3 : : : : 350 .: .~,700: .: .: 90 .: · 500 :a i t , .1 .: 184 .: 635 .: : .t .: 0 : 4: 0 : 695 : 325 :: : : 2 : 21 : I : ' .a .: 0 : 5 _: 0 . : 0 .: 200 : : : : 1 : .: .t : : : : ' : 3_,600 :: : t I t : : : 860 : 1 2: 38 t : .t 4 .: 24 : 3 : 6 : 0 .: :i : t 5 :: 23 : 2 : 9 : 0 ;I t t i : t. 7 _: 0 : t : : 3 : 13 : 0 : 4 .: 41 .: 15 : t * : 415 : 1~000: : t t t _t : 7 : i : : t t 3 .: 33 .: : i : 480 : 2,000: 0 : : ; 3~000: 2 5. : 27 : 2 .: 21 : 40 ; : 9: 0 , t : ; 1~800 : : : :. : t : 90 t 0 ·t i i o : 0 28 : 2 .: 2+ ,: : 45' :·$ 796 : O :$ 33; 4 : 8: 0 : 3 :: 21: 2 : 6: 0 ·I I I 7-6-37 : 82.2: 5 t 46 a 16 i . : McPherson, Roosevelt: : ·t : : : .: Frenchbm·e, Ky . • . 1 9-18-37:S3.5t 9 .: 35 .: 9 : :, t i : 7 : : 3 : 4 9 : : I 6 t : : 7 : 183 .: ~ .. 200: 170 .: 1,396: : .1 1 4 .: 4 : 178 : 800: : .: , : :: Pleasant View, Ky.: 9-8-37 .180 .9: 5 :: 27 : : 3 :: :ahloore, Albert : : : : : : : Dabolt, Ky. . : 5-12-37: 8'.3. 5: 5: 31 . s 6 : 7: : 5 I i 0 : : O : 128 .: 1,594 :: : 96 .: : 909: �; ~ ~ , Name and ; Address ; Moore, Walter t Bond, Ky~ : : : : ~ Morgan, : Louis Bald Rock, Ky, ~ Average :.~~ - ~ : : I 1 5: : ~ t 41 • 1.3 : Whitley City, Ky. ; l~l2~.38~81~8: 2 ~ 22 i Neal, Lawrence t Ayers, Ky. :Napier, Robert E. t McKee, Ky~ ~Neely, A;idrew u. :. : Sawyer, Ky.. t 0Nens , Albert : Bouty, Ky. :Parker., ·shelby Mershons , Ky. tPennington, Farris t London, Ky. · t t : : t ; : :: :10-1-37 ;82.l; 5 ~ : : ·: : ~ ; 28 ~ t s 5-3-.37 :86,5: 7 ~ 20 : t i 1 ;8 i : t t 9-20-.39~81.7, 2. a i t ; : 0 : :10-25-37:82.6: 4: 48, 20 t t : & 5-5-41 : 82.3: 2 : t l 4-19-37: 80,7: 7 21 : 0 t t t • t 252 t l l, 7.35 i · : t tPrice, Fred E. : Bald Rock, I Ky. : 0 : t 1 • 0 , t 5 • l t 7: t : : : 9 : t : 6 : t • l t I t 160 ~ t 200 t 990 l : t 307 ; t c 30: 7 : 6 I 2 : 215 I 750: , : ,- : : : : 795 : 600: 1 i : 1 : , 7: 4 : : *: 6 : 9: 0 : : 845 ; 800 t ; : ; 75 a 1,326 1 : : 185 : 5-3-37 :82 .8: 3 : 3J : 7 : 9 : 2 : s 1 1 000: i a : 0 ~ s ,· 90 s 2,180 : : z l 200 : aP-roffitt, Ernest : London, Ky. 1 : : sl2-17-42t 80 -0: 3: 21: 1 : 8: 0 : 243 : 500: :Rader, Pleasant t New Zion, Ky. s : : : 1 a 1 : : s : : : 2-26-,38: 80 .5: 2: 24: 0 t t 2 5 t t sRhodus., Virgil Stearns, Ky. &Roberts, Delbert 1 Dabolt, Ky. t 1Roberts, Yiid t McKee, Ky. 1Robinson, Chester : La.~ero, Ky. 1Robinson 1 Ellie · a La.mero 1 Ky. &Robinson, Robert t La.mere, Ky. &Robinson, Wm. I Shelbyville, Ky. aRoundtree, Enos R. : : : t t l · t t : 11 : .: a : 185 aPeters, Wm. Travelers Rest,Ky.:12-7-42 :88.0: 6 : 4: : 2 t 1 230 i 1~223: :10-1.3-43: *: 7, 41: 12. .t : t t t I t : : : aPerry, Charl es t Blackwater, Ky. t , :· ·i : a l: 4 : , 10 : 11~8 • 1,000 : 6 ; 9 : 2 ·~ 0 ; : 2 t , a : 9 ~$ 100 1$1,656: : 4-19-37;81 •.3: h : 40 ; 11 ; 1 : : 6-24-.38;82.3: 4 t : : Chil-~Property : Incom ; . 40: 17 ; ; Average r., : • -~ ~Par-;Chil-: Par- : ; Murphy, John I : Education : ___ _ _...--__ Age ~ 5 ~g ~~~~dren :~:dren ~ O.vne~,i~~; 0 5 .• t .t ; a 1-11-41, 6"2.7: 6: ~ : t : t .Morgan, Lewis Bald Rock, Ky. t i Date ~ : : : 9-27-43:92.1: 9: .37: 10 : : r : l &10/18-38:82.0: 3: 27: t I t t : 9-4-39 :7S.7: 3 : . t s 1-4 -39:77.3: 3 : t : 25: : , i : 25: 5 3 I I t 1 1 : 8: 3 : 9: O 5 5 : i t t : : 1 : t t : t 1-30-43 :80..0 1 9 t t t l : 26: : 47 : 11 : 6 t , : : Williamsburg, Ky. :ll-10-37:85.3: 8 c 35: ll .. 91 • 0 t t t 1 J t 665 t 4 1 8 : t 7 : 4 a 2 a t : : 208 t . :. 125 : t 1 : t 215 8 : 2-18-42:80 .0: 6 215 t 1 t t , : a , :12-9-38 :81.1: 4 : 26 a l : I s 122 a t : O t 1 l t : 430 : 4,080 : 8: 0 : t O 1 4 I , l 475 316 I c t : 414 t : 800: f * : : * t : 500 : : 1,500 : a : I I I 2,000 : : 1,500: �-- .. • ; Ha.me and Address t sSalmons, Cecil A. •• l Mt.Victory, Ky. J -&Salmons, Steeley t . J t Bouty, Ky, tSa.mpson, Chas , F, •• : Sumner, Ky, : ; sSego, ·ua.ynard : Krupp, r~. r ;ShackalfordJ Har gus ;l Earnestville., Ky,_ ; • '. ; s Ayer age J Average t ;;1 ~ AP..e : Education : ; ~ ; :_Par-;Chil-;Par- :Chil-:Propert.y: Inco1110- :,: 6 : ~ l ~ tents ;dren ;~:dren : CAmed 1;~~s5 ~ ' i Date e> t ~ 7-19-37: 83,5: 2 ;: t .• J t ~o 9-1~37180,.8; 3 • 24 t ~ : ; .•J ;36 J l 8-2-37 :81,5: 4 ,• 24 .t t •• •. 8-2-37 :82,5; 7 •• f •; t 0 1 8 l 2-22-41J 84.0: 7 ; 36 ; 9 . . _sSmith, Thomas A, • : • •• •• Williamsburg, Ky. 9-18-')7;00,9: 5 ,32 ; ? •• •• · JSmith, Wm. A. l = Shoopman, Ky, :· 6-16-37; 82"9~ 5 I'• 2,4 .•• 2 • ' •: 9-18-37: 84,7~t 4 2_5 t . •• •• : . ·csoulyrette, Hubert t Greenwood, Ky,. 1Spurlock, J ames s London., Ky. tStephens, Grover •• Pine Knot, Ky. &Stephens, Howard I Pine Kn'ot., Ky. .i Stephens., Lust er I Pine Knot, Ky. 1Tabor., Wm. J,. B. .t Smith Town,, Y,.y,. ( , • ' t ~ ~ J I 6-17-4h82.Jl 5 (: .. • l-5-40 :81.0: 3 : ' I t J t •• t t .l 2 ;5 . .5 • • J 21 ; •• .•• l : •• l l .t •• . . .. . t ' t . 0 . .: 1-28-41: 82.0: 5 : 24 I 2 •. t : t •• : 8- 3 : 81.9: 2 : 20 • 0 Knapp, Ky.• 182.8: 4 •• 28 •• Average 1.36 families * Data ~ I : 0 ; -t,• : ; 6 : . t •.• •• 0 6 :. 1 C 3 ' 0 ' .. . not in files. • 92 • •• J .I .: .• : .. • : : :: 200 .: :I ,t ,a ·75 .t ~ .l ' 330 7 •• 1 J, :t 70 8 271 . .• I 0 .• . 1,2?0 •• t I 0 _: 1,138 • ·.t' ,: '••• I 880 t 624 • 119 t ,t 1,,500 : ,t • .151 .: 7 : 0 .a l : : 0 9 J '/50 ,.• .I o· .: 0 500 .: _l,328 : •• 835 : 225 s ~ J r t t ~ ·,1' .I * 385 625 ' • :t • 2,394 ,: •• J ' .•• ,: 45 ~ ~ 80 I 0 I l . • ' t : : 5 I _t , ~ • ;,ooo t •• .t ,t _105 .•• 0 .l 1~500 • t & I ~ 61.3 I 7 : 6 : s 8 .: : l I .I * •· ; .. .l I ~ t 80 t ~ ~ • ~ .• • i~8'.)0 • ',. 223 ~ t * 704 ; ·t' 6 : 2 •• C I 7 : 6 : s I 7 I 0 4 : ~ 505 •· . ~ ~ •~ 163 ;, : t I 1· 252 t 8 a 0 •• 8 ~ 0 ; .. • t ~ 195 ; ' t : ~ 65 ;$ 760 • t t t . t t 1-23-42: 81.. 5: 2 i 23: .1Wyatt , Lei-ds I I •• ,$ 0 8 J 2 • t 0 t 8 ' t t J ; ) 10 & J J J' J . t . Pine Knot, Ky. 8 t ' I ' 9 ; 9-25-41: SJ,.O: 4 ~ 20 ,.• 2 J 8 j 0 • ,.. • s : : : : .: 2-16-38:83.,0:_ 2 I 21 ,.• 0 C 10 .• 0 J 7-31-37.:80,.8: 5 : )4.; 9 I -: l : tTackett, Ben : 1 • Travelers Rest, K~:ll-2-42 :80,.0: 5 J 40 ~ l5 ,I :. : - I · (fhoma.s, Roy : Jellico Cre~k.,Ky.• .I 7;..19-37:SJ,.51 5 s 23 ,: 2 .t . I : .aTu$sey., Clarence I .: J 9-18-37:82.0,: 3 l 30 : 7 .t Eglon, Ky. t •• : t 1Watson, Walter : hitley City., Ky .. :10-11-37:84.6: 4 J 21. ,.• .3 J W l l t .• t .:Wesley, Wm.. I 6-8-37 .: 89.01 5 t 27 •• .3 .: . Frenchburg.., Ky. I t J JWhite, Jame s L.. .: •• 2l ,: 0 2 t 6-28-37:81 .. 5: Ky. Cranston., 1 I • t : Herbert t ?lilson, • • • 0 2 22 . : Ky . • : 7-17-37:82_.0:: .I Jellico Creek, : t l t t .tWise, Lloyd Mershons., Ky. t .aWright , Arthur • r t r ; t J- t t * •• :S 600 •• : 1,038 : I . * .l• :t .a 400 : t .I l-1500 _: .i •• * .: 1,220 .I s : �Table ;t:II Status of families who were investigated and were either rej ected or failed to move into Sublimity for other r easons ! , t a Average Average : L ,~a: Age .i Education: , , •~:Par-,Chil-:Par-:Chil-: P-.roperty: frico.a9 l a, l JAllen, Edvrard McKee., Ky. s J 'g t s Date '- ~ l ~ r:.,: ~ : ~e~_:~:dren i Otmed ~y3~¥s5 j r r 1 r t ; 1 s t : sl0-21-40:78,o, 2 J 21 ~ o ~ 10 1 O j$ 200 ~i1, 900 ~ &Allen, ; t · Nama and J Address t- t, D, J t t ; t Corbin, Ky, tAllen, Vest;.or t Buminer, Ky, a 6-19...37:79~51 2 ~ 28 ~ 0 J 13 t 1 : r : t t 9-20-';,7;79,0: 2 ~ 22; 0 ~ 9 tAllen, Wm, F" J London, Ky" ~ t ;1~14-37~79,5:' I 25; l : t t ; t . JAlaip, Steeley J Corbin, Ky, JAnge1 1 Earl J Parrot,t, Y~." .sAngel, J , - D, , t J.fiddlefo1•k, Ky. JAngel, Oscar J McKee, Ky. t Arnold, Edward :I London, Ky,. JAskins, Delbert : Sumner, Ky,. :aBailey, · Wm,. : Slade, Ky~ t .t ; t ~. t Jl0-14- 37:85 ,. 0; 3 F 24, , t ·J : .1 2-18-39:76"7' : t t :: : ' t l 3 ; ~ .c : : t t · t : l ,a ll- 12-41:67 ~5.1 4 : t t t 5-3-37 176~0: 3 t t : ,I t ,I : 25 ~ ,t 26 ~ 2 ,I t : 1 320 0 t ~ 186 : 8 :. t r ~ 0 : s 9 • 0 t 6 ~ 1~83 : I 4 0 t 3 ~ 8 1 0 I : a ff 1 : 6o 40 ff I ~ 935 t : : : : : 150 : : I : 2,1 088 : t I t 7 ~ t ~ :1!260 s I : 1,000 .: : : t. 335 } .1 ,500 ~ : t I 330 : t . : 400 ,: .37 : t t t t I 6 1 4 : 0 c 123 a 621 : - t t : : t .l 9-20-37,:77,. 0: 5 I 28 : t ,I t 5 ; l : t t .a 6 tll-20-37:78,. 8: 7 t t t ,I t r : Beulah Heights .,Ky. :12-29-38169.8: 8 aBarnett., Phillander ·: : : t Hargis, Ky,. .sll-22-37: 79,.0: · 3 tBarnett, Leslie : : t : London$ Ky . 1 8-2-39 :75,.0: 2 .:Berry , Clint : : t · t McKee, Ky. a 1-5-40 177.7: 3 t ~ :10-21-40:80~9: 5 ~ .37 ~ 11 ; _tBaird, Clarence , t : t t t Jellico Creek, Ky.: 8-26-37,: 79.5: 2 a 20 1 0 .t Baker, Raleigh t , : t t ~ I · Eubank, Ky. I 2-28-43:81,. 7:*6 : .33 ,t 8 .s Ball, John t t s : ;,S Goldbug, Ky. I 7-8-37 : 80 .6: 8 t 4f.i. : 11 J&.11, Orvil t : : t ·t t Williamsburg, Ky.• : 6-19-37:75.5: 2 -: 25 ,: 0 tBall, i'lm.. S.. . t t I : t I Pine Knot.., Ky,. 111-12-41:57,.51 2 I ~5 I O :Barbee, Abraham ~ : O ll: 0 & t . t :, •t t I 1 t 54 t .1 55 .t 2 : 1,333 s 2 I 249 .: :I .t I a 7 .: 0 t t 50 .c t a 5 1 t t t 7 : : .1 : 0 J 6. l 1 ·t I I 7 : t t 1 r I : .: 20 .a l - 93 • : I .: 8 : 291 1 I ~ I :: s t t ;I 1.,000 :: ·• I ;t.5 : 600 : .: : t 0 : 50 : 26o :: 1,375 t : 0 : 250 : : s I t a 6 ~ 40 : 1.,000 .: a :I t 0 : : t· : : .s s 20 s O a 2 z O a t 4 1,100 .: t .s· _103 : 66 : . I ,18 .s 13 : 13· : t a 24 1 t 150 : 1., 759 : �1 .. • - . • . r • ...... • ,, ' ' t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _t t Name and a ·Address tBerry, Paul : McKee, Ky. sBlaek, Walter H. t Bald Rock, Ky. : t t z : : ~ :~ :~:dren ~~:dren t :- t : : 6-1~37:64.8; 7: 31: 7 : : : Warren Pine Knot, Ky. . 1 Branscum, Hubert Whitley City,Ky. :Britton, Wm• .M. i : 7: l i 4; : l : I 2-3-40 :77.3: 3 : 31 : 4 ; 4 t · t : t t : : t Pleasant View, ~.tll-20-:n:79.6; 7 : 29 ; ·I Braden, : : 5-12~37:68.0: 4: 45; 15 : Alpine, Ky. aBooth, Elmer t ; t t t r ~ :.!:lg:- : t : t Bolin, John. I t Date J Average J Aver age · ·~ · Ag.fl t Education: . t ~ ·~ : Par-:Chil-:Par-:Chil-~Property;lnc ~ J 0) t .: : :11-12-41:61.5: 4 : : t r 1 : 7 a 33: ll t :11-25-39:72.5: 2: 25 : : t 2-26-43:82.0: 2 t : l }-1.3-37:SJ.7: 3 t t : t : t t i · : 1 : 44 : 0 : i t t 24 I tll-25-39:76.2t 5: 23 I ) tBryant, Clarence I t t : : t Jellico Creek,Ky. :11-20-37:74.5: 3: 22 t t Bryaht, Ernest : t t : t l Lond.o n, Ky. 1Brown, John H. t Loridon, Ky. t Bryant, Bill Ed. t \i/hitley City,Ky. : t I t l t I O 2 l : : 7 : t : 262 ; 2:/5 : t ; ; ~4 ; 693; ; , J ;• t J t t O : 1,22,5 Keavy, Ky. aCaylor, James t 1. t : t J J t 20 S 500; # J t J t a t 9: 0 a J 5 t I ill-Z>-37178.3: 4: 28: t I : 1 O ; I t 1Chestnut, John L. I I I I I il0-14-37:76.7: 4 : 35 : l s London, Ky. t ,Collier, George I • : s : t 2 : : Clearfield; 'Ky. 1Cook, Harris on t Y1hitley City, Ky. 1Cornelius, J ames t Williamsubrg, Ky.. I I : : t : : : O .: : : 1-5-40 :79.5l 5 : .33 : : t z : : : 4-S-37 :78.8: 3 .: 22 : 1 1 .: : : 2 .: 8 : l I '° 0 2 J .: 1 0 .: z 750 I : a I 1,000 .1 I .t J ff • t I 25 J 1,000 I 440 t t 1,288 t , 1 J 120 : 872 : J I ,10 : 4,000 .: l : : .: .t 495 .: 157 : ;95 1 ff a : 100 .: 560 s : 9 .: 0 6 500: : 2 s .I : .I , : t : 7 • llO I 6 : 0 : 3 : t : I I : 6-28-.37:78.5: 2 : 22 t t ll : 0 . : J I 47 J 4 : 7 : 0 : s Jellico Creek,Ky .. : 6-19-:37:73.8: 5 : 48 : 16 :Collins, Denton : : : t .: t I 5-3-37 t78.2: 2 : 43 : 0 : t : 2 s 10: 0 : : Whitley City, Ky. t 7-29-37:79.5: 4 : 21 : .t London, Ky. 1 Clouse, Andy , 92 : 1 1 800 i t t t : • 2 1 400 z a s 2~, J 500; O ; : t t t : : s Parkers Lake, Ky. t 4-9-38 :74.3: 2 1 24 J O J 6 a O • 1Campbell, Archie a : : t : : r : I Whitley City, Ky. 110-21-40:78.0: 4: 25: ) : 8 J O J : t i I t tCarr, Everett : 465 I 2 t : l 1,500 a 1 s : i ; 8 I O S t : 270 10 : ; ; i50 ; 41 500 : O ; :Burton, Charlie t Hazel Patch, r~. tCaldwell, H. L. ' t * l t 3-1-41 :68.0: 2: 22 t O I 3 t O t : : : : z t : t tll-25-39:77.6: 3 1 22 s l . : 8: 0 ; 1 ~ ; J tl0-31-38:78.31 4 = 21 : ·f Whitley City,Ky. tBullock, Raymond· t Corbin, Ky. I a 80 ;$ 350 ; 6 a 4 O : 4 t J t 7 Owned :~~~¥s5: : it\ · : .So .152 .1 .I 1,150 : I .t I J 828 : �J _ J: J ______________: , © Nama and Address • s ; Date i ~ ; /!J : : Aver age : AveraGe ; .~;?:. Aae : ."@ : Pa.r-:Ch il-: Par- : Chil-:l-~-◊-p-er_t_y_:_l_n-co-,r-,e- : : 8r~:ertts : dren : ent s: d..'Y'6n ; Owned : ~~i-s5 : · :--.,.----i :: ~ : : ;10-29-38 ;78 .J ; .7 : 42 t J i Cox, Andrew t Cli o, Ky. : ; : =- t : s:Cornett, Finley ; Vox , Ky . t 1 ; Education: : 20 , : ; 5 : : :10,-25-J7:76.6 ; ' ; :,2 ; 11 ; 2 ;. i···· . _. ___ : : : ;$ ,30.l :$ 500 : : : 4 : -3 L t ;Cox, Elbert B. t : : ; · Pleasant View, Ky .:11-20-37;80,0 : 7; 38 J 8 : 3 : :Cox ., Wm. Os car · l : t : 9 : 6 i 3 ; J Skate., Ky. t t . t JCoyle, Alson • •• ; _ 2 2 , 0 s 5 : 0 : a Foxt mm., f.y. :10-21- 40:. 73 ,0: 2 . . , aCrawford, Si las a Farist on., Ky. . screech, ,John ; London, Ky, tC:reokmore, John : Pine Knot, Ky. ; : t : 1-30-43:80 ,0: : I ; 4; 26 I s 7-29-39:77,8: 3 t t ; : t i t 2 : 10: 0 : : : 1 : 7 : 0 : t : Z6; : JCreekmore, Clarence t : t ·; t l Pine Knot, Ky. :11-20-;37:79,7J 2 : 2~ ; ;Cupp, l&l.rtin t Grove, Ky. 1Davenpor t, Lewis c Jellico,, Te nn, . sDavidson, Ben L. l Johnetta, Ky. sDavidson, Samuel t Johnetta, Ky, &Davis, Andrew f M cKee, Ky. sDavis, Clark l Corbin., Ky. :Delph, Goeffrey • Grove, Ky. aDoan, John E. l Hazel Patch, Ky. tDurha.m, Aster : Orlando, Ky. aDur~wn, Leander I Bumm.er, Ky. 1Estes, l-0nnie C. a Bowen, Ky. aFlcr,td, Wm. R. l Alcorn, Ky. &Gabbard, 'Willie t "Iindcave, Ky . tGibson, Willie Smithtown, Ky. l : 4: .• : 0 t t l f t. sl0-29-38:73.0: 2; 24: 0 t t fl l t t 111-25-39:77.0:10 t l t t l 1 : I : 41 t t I t l 11 , : ff 's f l l 127 l 200: : 6 : 0 t l 6 s O : : I : 8; t 40: 11 I 8 S : l t : t t t t l t I l 7 t I : l 7 l I 3-7-40 &78.0: 6 : 30: 5 t t I : l I I '37 : t t : I l2 t l I 4 : 11 : t : : • 95 • : I s I 800 : •• 100 r ff t. l 500 : I : 385 : 2,940 t O : 95 t I I 5 : l I O 713 I S l : 150 : 2,400 s f 2 7-21-37:77.5: 6 l 46 I l3 S 4 I 5 I t t: I t l :: 7-29-37:78.0: 3 1 21 t 1 I 6 I O I 4-7-37 :66.0l 7. : 35 * : I t I I 9 : 2 , 6-17-38:72.0: 4: ;1: 15 : 9 ; 8 : t 107 r I l t 4 I : t t 7-29-39:58,0:*4 4-9-38 :77,0: 5; 33; 6 : 7-29-37:79.3, 5 : 29 t t t 1 1 080: 0 I I : l J12-18-40:80.3: 5 I l 175 O : 9 t t t t l O ; t •• 868: i : : 8-26-37:79.6:*2 s 20 t t S 804 : ff t t I 100 ; S I : 3-7-40 :77,3: 3: 23: l 375 : 2,500: 11 350 t t : 1,348 ; : ; l t : I 76 8 l : : : 1,200 s •t 16 ; t 123 0 i t 283 9 : : 2-7-42 178.Jt 3, 51 t 6 8.35 : ; •• 2 : l : t. f t : 8,..26-.37;79.2: 6 ,:. 45; 15 17') . l I f : 80 s s : : : •• 425 : : 832: : 969 s I 145 l : ,50 I ,500 : �I; _ __ __ __ _ __ _ _ , : Name and :. ,. :: Average : . Avera ge t. Addra ss : Date :q.ibson., V,m.Joe s :- -:- -i---.-: t Pleasant _Viow,Ky • .:11- 20-37:78. 6: 4 : - 25 : . 3 i~oodin, . TiJ.fo:rd s :· : , : : Krupp, K:/"o :: 4-9-38 :78ol; 6 :. 23 : . 3 tGrif £ith, Os car t : : : :: . . : Cranston, Ky. · : 6-28-37:79 .7: - 3 :Hall, Lester u. : : t Whitley City, Ky.: 3-7-hO :70-.3: : 2 : Hamby., Alfred : :. : . t Stearns, . Ky. :ll-20-.37t7?•P: 3 : Hamilton, ..Neil : : t : Sawyer, . Ky. : 1-18-38: $1.6 : . 6 : Hamlin, Estill : : t : Poplarv ille, . Ky.~ . 2-20-42:74.0: . 8 : : , .21 . : . 0 : : : : 56 : : ll : 1. 7 aHellard, . Russell Dabolt, Ky • . , t~elton, . Ledford : . Dabolt , . KY • . t . : ~cks, . Andrew t. Fariston, _Ky . , 1~-nes, .Elisha ·: Lamaro, . Ky~ . tHorn~ J. W• .· 1. Loam, . Ky.-·:~ :Howard, Luther t Big Creek, Ky. , t : f l_ t 8 : t : : t : : *~ I : : 8: 0 : 5 :. 0 1 S: : · : t . : : 8 r~undley , Homer : r McKee, .Ky. . a~ennings , _Andy :ll-25-39:72.0: 2: ,22 : . 0 1 : : : l l t I . : , 1-5-40 ;75.0: 4 : .24 t : : t : 1 t t t· I: : 1 t 6 :. 2 : : : 1 : t - t t l : : : :. : , .. :• 750 r I I 281 2: 375 : : : 40 a. r. :.3,000 : . : I 108 :: 280 : · 880: 825 : . : 1 l t : . 190 t : : : I: 20 :, s: I t : 750 s: : * : : 1 : 3 s 1,371 : t a: : : . 158 : : . 670 : . : : : , t . : :J, 600 : 0 s' . 125 : 2-26-43:72.5: 5 : 44 : 15 : 5 : . 4 • 96 • :. i : : :• 7 :· 0 a. : :. 3 :, l : : 25 t · ¼w t s : : . 750 : t t . t . 41: 10 , 5: 4 : . 630 : : t . 700: : : : :. 1· t 7: 0 s . 100 s · 796 : : .7-29-37:79.3: 9: 41: 9 : 5: :Johnson, .Carlos , .B.: :. : : s : : : . London, Ky. t 2-3-40 :75.5: 2: 23: 0 : . 8: : 9-20-.37:74 •.3:10 60 : 500 : : . : 8 :· l .K.Y'• . : : : : : tll/25-.39: 80 .0: 2 : 26 t . 0 z : t : t · :11-25-39:79.21 8 : .38 : ll : t : : : 169 a. : 6: . 0 : : . t : 3 : : 6: , 0 : . : · f : : : i. : 4: t : :.• i. : : 2-26-4.3:80.0: 5 i ,4.3: :· ~ t6-19-37:78.7: .3r:.33s : t *:!- : 600 : :11-25-.39:79.0: 3 ·: . .35 : . 9 : . 6 : . 0 : : :. :: :. t. : 0 276 t :. I 714 : . :: 4 : · 0 · :. t t t. : · l,000 : : : : :• : : 2-18-39:76 .7: 2 : .38 LO : 656 : 131 s 8 1, 0 : : s. 8 l: 0 l .2-26-43: 80.0:10 : . 42 i.11 : t: t : : : .* : . ~ . , ., t 100 1: l. t ,3 : : : 1: : :12-29-38:(>8.0: :·2 ·: 26 : 0 : :. 1 : :. l , 7- 29-39:73-5: 2 t , 20 : : 0 : :: a_ : . 10 a. 0 1 265 L s : l: : , iH!f t :~ohnson, Estill t Keav--.r, .Ky. . 1Johnson., ,Gillis l . Middle Fork, Ky •. :Johnson, .Harvey r Keavy, .Ky. . ,Johnson, Ro scoe i : London, ,Ky. O : . 32 aHuff, ' Johnny : Sand Gap, Ky. , t . Shoopman, f : 6 : : . 4-9-38 ·: 77.s: . 3: 26 : , 5 : t : 1. : ; 33 t line Knot , . Ky' . , : fre<;ld, . Delbert : ; Sa,vyer, _Ky. . : : - : · · :'·: : 6 : , 0 :$ 72 . :$1,480 : : t. t :·- : : 33 : . 5 : 8 : . l I fla,ys , . Fr_e d t :. :.;j:;j: A~ : Education :_;.,_,_ _ _...,_._ _ : : ~ : • E :Par-:Chil-: Par-:Chil-: Proparty:Income ;.: 1 ~ :~~ : ent s : dren : ent s : dren : : ◊,med :i~R ~s5 : ~ : t ff : I 400: : 200 : 3.,500 : �. i' . . . . Average : · _ .• ~ Q ••rl • s:: A~ -·• ~d ' s ·-·' uca t 1:£!1 - ~-~ • : ~ i • : Par- :Chil- : Par- : Chil-:Property: J,ncome :. Na.me and t •• Dat e_:~ Address : ~ &:~ : dl~en :~ :d.ren t Owned :y~~~s5 _: • •• • • • : ~Johnson,_ Russell • • : London:, Ky. : 5/12-37: 74;.0: 5 i 32 • 35 :$ 500 : • 4 •• 7 : 0 ~$ : : : : t ~Johnson; Sam t • •• 600 •• : 1-16-37:79.0: 2 i 22 i 0 : 10 •• 0 i 170 : Keavy:, Ky. •• •• l •• •·• • : : : ~Johnson;, Wal ter t : : 2-26-43:79.0: 3 •• 22 : 2 •• 7 : 0 t : London, Ky , · 75 : . 165 •• •• : : : tJones., Chas. F, · ••· • • tl2-Hs~40:78,5: 3 • 33 •• s : 7 : 1 I t Pine Knot, Ky. 50 I 1.,632 : ..• ... f : : iJones:, 1verett : • . t Williamsburg;, Ky.: 9-20-37:78.8: 3 • 30 •• 1 •• 5 : 0 : 56 s 1,450 • •• •• •• l : :1<etron:, Robert H. : • •• :. • • • • 6 0 :10-14-37:79,8: 5 32 • 4 • 197 375 • • Corbin, Ky. :· : •• : z · :Lakes:, ,Grant : : .• 7-29-37:79,5: 6 • 27 : 4 .•• 8 •• 0 . • 210 .• ·375 : t McKe~-, Ky , .. •• •• • : •• t. stakes-, Paul l .• • -•~ Loam, Ky t. : 9-20- 37:5Eh0: -4 : 20 •• 1 l 8 : 0 ·S 100 : 600 : :, : f : . : 1.Lovitt·, Ernest t t •• . : 12-29-38: 78 _.,,: -112 1 28 0 : 9 s 0 : 6o I 1,085 •• t Bouty-, Ky. . • ·t . •• •• : : tlirkins:, Clay •• • • Scranton, Ky . · : 7-29-37:78.0: 8 t 31 : 6 : 8 : l -:' . 115 1 · 2,500 : t : •• : • • l •• : : t ~ ~ch·, . Harvey · : : t 2, 500 : t l 6 1 6 238 Jellico Creek,Ky.: 48 17 8-26-37:79.8:: .t 4 . : . • : : t t : ;, Mahaffey, Cha s. • ·: Travelers Rest,~:10-21-40:75 .9: 4 ·: 29 t 5 t 11 : l 775 t 1,700 : • • • : : _:tMa.rtin, Henry L. l : t : l • • :, : : 0 8 ·: 750 •• 50 : 3-15-37: 92 .3: 3 : 31 : 5 t London, Ky.·• • . · . •• :, Mays . • • : . : Ho11ai--d : . • • • • : 25 : 410 ·•• Symbol·, Ky. :11-25.;..39:72.5: 3 ·, 20 • 1 : 4 : 0 • •• ·• ·•!'" l : t t : t : Mays, Sylvester t 8 I 0 t 0 t , Morehead, Ky. t 6-19-37:89.l:{}2 : 24 55 : 1,340 I ;I l • . : : I i : :: McGuffey, Chas . D, : • • 9 ·, 2,000 0 : : : 26 136 I I Ky. : 8-26-37:Sl.3: Stearns, 3 : 5 : •• t •• t : t : &McNabb, Bert : • I 0 1,050 I I 50 2 4 : Ky . 110-24-37:79.0: 5 • 33 • •• : Salt Lick, • : • • t : i :, Monhollow, Oscar : : • • • 238 ·I 280 •• i 9-20-37:76.5: 2 •• 28 . • 0 •• 10 r 0 & Corbin, Ky. I •• · : t t : • : t •at:.!oore, Wesley I • 500 0 0 : I 9 : 244 :U-6-37 :73.4: 2 : 27 • . : Krupp, Ky. • : •• •• l ·I t t : : J}Joses ., La¼Tence •• 50 I 1,087 I \Thitley City, Ky.I ~26-37:79.0: 5 '. : 24 : 2 • 8. • 0 • . : • t : I . •, : : :: Murphy, Willie • • • .; • : • 0 • 500 : 1,500 s 2-26-4-3:80,0: 5 t 29 • 3 : 5 I Honeybee , Ky. : • •• ·: : al · : : • : Murphy, Wm. •• i:~ •• • • • ·• 100 : I 2 . 8 36 7 K y. :10-17-38:78.5: • Symbol, 5 • • l • : : I : • •• :: Musgrove , Alvis • • I • • 750 l 1 : 2 ·: 124 :11-20-37:77.0: ·r Revelo, Ky. 7 • • 7 35 t .• : : Average . . . . . . .. . . . • .. . .. . .. . . . . '.. . . .' .' . . . . . . - 97 • . ' . . . . .•.. ·, . . . ' . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . t ' . . . . . ' . . .. . . . . �: i · Name and : a Addrass : Nel son., J ames : Honey Bee , Ky . sNeely,JamesE . : : Uarshs Siding,V.y. &Owens., Estill : Bald Rock, Ky . t Dat e : : t : : Average I Average : t.~;'.r: Age : Edu.cat i on: _ _ _ _ _ __ · : :~ 1 ; g:Par- : Chil-: Par- :Chil-: Property: Income"": _ __ _ _ _ _ _..,...,...,..__ _ _ : 0 =~ -=~ :~ : dran :~ :d:ren : : : : : : · 7 , l ;$ : : 5-26-3'7: 66 ~8: 6 : 30 ; 6 i t: : t : : 2-28-39: 80 .6 : L,. : 1}3 J 12 : : : : : : : t : 6 1 0 1 : : t 7 I~* ; 9 l 2: 1 : : ' r ':, s : : · :-: :80.0: 6 : 24 : 9 l 8 I . 2 ·: , :ll-12-'~: 67.0 ~ 3 : 21 : : , :Patton, George t London, Ky. : Patton., l'Jolan t Mershons., Ky. ·, Perry, Andy t Shoopman., ·t : l · Ky. tPrewitt., · John Krupp~ Ky. t '· : : : I t : : l(y. : d'rewi.tt., Van F.dgar : Vox, Ky. tPrice, Courtland s i s &Prewitt~ Joseph aPrivett, . Orvil ·, Creekmore, Ky. .:Quinton, El b~ lhldeman, Ky. :,Ramey, Vernon s Bangor, Ky~ :Reed., Georee· ·, Symbol., Ky. &Roberts, Alex : ·:11-20-37,: 78.2.: 7 1 i'Jhitley City., Parrot, Ky. .1 Price, Sampson : Sawyer, Ky. ' : : : f~ t ~ : 7 t S 5 : 1 : : t : : I s-26-37,79.51 9 ~J 41 : 9 : : : : . i· I i : 110-21-40:68. 7: 3 : 21+ : : : ··: : l : : : 4 : 0 t. l : 1 : 1 J : : : a 4-9-38 :85 .• 3:: 3 : 25 : l : 12 : 0 - : t t 2 l 1 : : : t 4-9-38 :82.0: 4: 25 : : : :10-12-39.: 77.•3: 3 : 22 t : : t : t i t t t 1 : : t : : ,: a 7-29--39:73.0i 5; 30: 6 : : t : : t t 1 8: : : O .t ilit : : 100 J 164 : 3,000 : t -J:- -lr : : : I 1,204 : 243 i 433 J : 98 .: : : 172 : : ~,408 : a 868: l 400 : : 1,sso : : ,: : ff J 155 I 219 J : : _1 ,560 I· I J 317 : ·750 : : . : 10 ; : 500: : iH< : t J : 500 : t t 125 i lp330 : : 35 : s 830: t J 45 : 1,10!} : : : i t 30 : 375 ·: J J : 0 :10-14-37:79.0: 4 : 31 : 4. : 5 , 0 : : _I 1 s 1 : : 9-20-37: 73,. 0: 4 t 30 : 3 Z 5 : 0 .. $8 - : I 185 t : 7 ; l.~5 : 0 4 a O : : :Robinson, Jonas : Cruise , Ky. :Rose., Alvin · r Beerock, Ky. .:Rose, Hansford t : 5: : 234 # t : : 800 : t : : t. J 0 ·# : : : 4 : Bald Rock.,Ky,. : 7 : 4 : : : : ;$ 463 : , : : : s 9-20-37:78.7: 4 : 32 : : : :12-29-38:77.•3.: 3 : 33 I O I 10 : 0 : : : : : I I 110-14-37175.0: 2 : 21 : 0 I 6 : 0 . : : 'i ·' ': : : t : : :ll-29-37.:79~0_: 3 : 24 : 6 : 7 l 0 : I 450 i : McKee~ Ky. ·, : :11-20-37:?8.4: 9 z 40, 11 : 6: 3 a ·: · t : : : : :11-12-37:78.51;: 43: 18 : 6: 7 t t ' t z : : t :10-14-37:78.5: J J 22 : 1 l 8 : 0 t Sumner, Ky. sPrewitt., · Bart a Corbin., Ky. t t 2-18-39: 77.81 4: 25 l l : 8 r. 0 : : ·t • 't : : :· : : : 6-23-37:70.5: 8 t 46 J 14 I 7 l 3 : t :Perry, Woolsey ' t: Honey Bea, Ky. ~Petrey,, Everet t ' H. l *~ I 18 : tParriman., Randol ph : : : t J ellico Creek , Y..y.: 7- 29-37:74.8 : i~3~~s.:,,.: : · : 6 : 5 ; t O:med a 360 s 3,,193: : , t : 172 1 500 : 120 I I 566 ·: 1 : 2 �~ t · Name and ----·-------••rfa'• Average : Average : Ar;,e : Education: : · : ] : i ~ : Pclr- : Chil-:Par-:cm::-Pr_o..,.,p_e_z_·t-y_: _In_c_o_r:_,e_: t Date : c., : ~fl:. : ents:dren ients:dren : O:med :~~:~a5 : ~ : : : : : : : : · : : t 5-26-37:66o8t 6: 3() : 6 : 7: l 18 r$ 463 i _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ __ _ • : ~., : © Addres n : Nelson, Jame s : Honey Bee, Ky. : Neely, J ames E. : t : : : t t lifarshs Siding,Ir.y. : 2-28-39: 80.6t li. I 1•3 : 12 sOwens, Est ill : : : : : t Bald Rock, Ky . :ll-12-'-1-l:67.0~. 3 : 21 ~ 1 tParriman, Randolph : : : : t t J ellico Creek, Ky-.: 7-29-37:74.8: 7: ~H'r ; 9 : Patton, George : :· ·' r ':, : t London, Ky . z iH{· ·: 80 .0: 6 : 24 : 9 t : ·:( : 8 : .2 : :Patton, Nolan : i : : : Jershons, Ky. ·, Perry, Andy · 'i Shoopman, Ky. JFerry, Woolsey' t Honey Bea, Ky . t : 8 t O s : : I . - :...... aPetrey, Everett · H. 'i Su..'l'l!ler, Ky. tPrewitt , Bart J Corbin, Y\J'• l Prewitt ' ' John : Krupp~ Ky. 1: : ------ t : 2-18-39:77.8: 4 : 25 : 1 t ' '1 : : - - - - - - - : : & t : 6 t : O : t : : 6 : 5 ; : 2: 1 : 1 t l of..-:} t : : t t : : :11-20-37,: 78.2_: 7 7 I 5 I : : : : : : : :ll-2~37:78.4: 9 s l,,.O: 11 : 6: t : : :ll-12-37:78.5: 5 43 f J t : 18 : 6: 1 : : 3 : ? : s ·, Vox, Ky. tPrica~ Courtland 110-21-40:68~7.z 3 : 24 : l : 4 : 0 J : t : ·: Parrot ., Ky. .1 Price, Sampson i Sawyer, Ky. :12-29-38:77 .•3.: 3 : 33 : 0 : 10 : 0 : : t : t I l t : :10-14-37:75.0: 2 z 21: 0 : 6: 0 : 1Privett, · Orvil : mlitley City, }Cy. ·, Pre'"tltt, Van Edsar ·• Creek11ore, Ky. t : : : t t : • I : : : : : : : :11-29-37,:79.•0 .: 3 : 24 : aQuinton, Elb~ t a 4-9-38 :85 _ . :,: J : 25 : :s Rarney, Vernon t Bangor, Ky. t :Reed, Georee· : : ·, Symbol, Ky. .•Roberts, Alex t t : 1 : t t t :10-12-39.: 77 .3: 3 I 22 : : : : : 2 : ; 750: : l 164 : lf 204 : : t 243 J 1,408: : I 433 : 868: : I 98 : 400: : : 172 i 1, 590 : : : 10 ,: i(* 155 J I 1~560 : .S 219 J 1 : l *~ : : : : t : : l : : 4 : I I J : 1,104 : l 45 : : O : t : 30 : 37;: J I :10-14-'.'n: 79_.0: 4 : 31 : 4. : 5 : 0 I s t : s 1 : : 9-20-37: 73_ . 0; 4 : 30 : 3 : 5 : 0 t 6 : 8 : 0 : : I 830: O ·, i t 35 : t : t 125 : 1,330 : : : - 98 • 100 : ~~ t , l2 : 0 : : .&Rose, Hansford t Bald Rock, Ky . : : 1 7-29-39:73.0: 5 : .30 : : : 1 32: 4 : 7 : 185 500 : t 1 i : : : 3,000 : t ·1 Robinson, J onas ·, Cruise , Ky. aRose, Alvin · : ; 1.35 .317 : 9-20-37: 78.7: 4 Beerock, Ky. 500 s : l : : l O : llcKee, Ky. : : ;, : t t t : t : : : : ~ : 4-9-38 :82.0: 4: 25: 2 : 5: 0 : : : 23}~ : 6 : 7 t : 0 t I 1 Haldeman, Ky. : 800 : : t : ' i . : t : :10-14-37:78.5: 3: 22: 1 1 8: 0 : : . t. '·· i : : : : : : 8-26-37179.5: 9 : 1.1 : 9 ? : 4 1 1Prevd.tt~ Joseph : J J : : : 450 t : ' : t ,$ : : 6-23-37:70.5: 8: 46: 14 z 7 & 3 i , ,. : 360 : l 172 t : 120 s 3,193 : t : I 500 : s I t 566 ·: �:· ~-'"""!":'--~------~ © . • Name and ~ Address ; Rose, lb.rt t . Beerock, Ky 4 ~Roy, Lea G" : London, Ky. tRoye, W, ·T, t Sawyer, Y.y, ~Sal.lea, Stanley Frenchburg, Ky . ::Salmons, Ancil ~ : Ba.ld Rock, Ky 41 Sargent, Russell t Tabor, Ky, :Sea.rs, Bill 1M t~ Victory, Ky. :Sears , J'ames : Bald Rock, Ky. :She~ton, Jim Tom .: Douty, Ky. ~Shelton, Thom-ls ; ~ t ;:i~: Average : Average ~ Ago : Education : __,_ _ _ _ _,_ , ; ~ ~ ; ~ :Par- :Chil-: Pqr-:Chil-:Property;±n~gmg i s Date ~_a_=if~i~:dr~~.,:~:dren ; Om1ed : ;y;~nrs i ~ : ; : : : : t : t ~10-14-37:78.. 8; 2 ~ 30 i O i 4 i O •$ 85 i f-II- t ; t : : t tl2-19-4.2~e-O.O: 5 z 29 ~ t ' t : tl0-14-37~78QO; t t : ~ t :10-29-38: 80 ,~: 3 : t : 4 t : ~ : : ~ ~ ~ t : t: ~ 1 I t 4 ~ ~ : ~ 5-3-37 t70,7: 6 t 30:, 7 t : s : l t l l : 25 1. 3 : 8 Pleasant View, Ky.:11-20-37:76~1~ 2 : 23 ~ t 0 :Smith, Horace ~ • Smoulard., Yim~ T. t Whitley City,Ky. ~ Sno;-rden, l Dewey · Emlyn, Ky• ; : t s 9-20-37:78.6, 5 t I : t : t ~ t t t : I 9-20-37:79~2: 7 : t: : t : •• I I : : l t O t : t l t i O : 2-3-40 :78.3: 2: 23; o a 7 l O : : : t : :· : t i t : t t : t : : .: • 99.,. : ~ : O z 6: Ii 640 : t I 11,500 : I I 190 :l,214 278 0 . : : : 8 : ·o ; 0 0 : t : I l ; t 500 : . 800 : . • I : 404 :.2/355 : I I 21:3 :2,1.00 : I : 150 : 875 : l a : : ; i : I 3 : 5 : Jellico Creek, Ky.:12-18-40:75.0-:*3 z 21.+ t .• I . 1 636 r t 6: 0 I I : tl~450 i a : , 43J i : 5 4 tlO-J.4-37:74.3:10: 33 t 6 : Whitley City, Ky . 1ll-l2-4l: 6S.O : 2: 21 t • I I Parkers Lake , Ky. :10-21-40:71.0 : 4: 26 t Eva..'11 H. J3 26. 1 t:: * • 128 t I I 80 : 7 39 t I O : : t i: l .•I I t : 2 I : 1Sv.a5.n:, I t 85 10 : 8-26-37:78.51 4 , 2 : t : tSpencer, Allen : Scranton, Ky. t ~ 27 t 5 I Ellis l 10: 0 :10-29-38:75.0: 7 ,strun.~, • i • Sorrell, Wm<\ Elmer Scranton, Ky • 1 . :11-25-39:69115: 2: 36: 0 ·, •Staley, J a.rne s 1 Greem;ood, Ky. tStephena , Arnold : Pine Knot, Ky" 1Strunk., Ce..leb 70 • : 2~ t : Krupp, Ky . : ~ l Jellico Creek,Ky. : 7-19-37:77~0= 8 • -~ • 6 : 6 t .: S I : I cSir:rpson, Oscar l London, Ky . :12-19-42:80110: 2 ~ 19. 0 ' t t : : ~ : 1Slater , Tom 1 : Yariba, Ky. f 7-21-37:79.3: 9 l 47 ~ 7 S : ' 800 :: •• 1~000 •i i t t· t 485 t #10-14-37;76~0~ 3: 22 : : : 1,000 : : l 10 ~ 1,500: 240 i 7: 0 t :_Smith, Arnold ; .• 4 ; 6 , O : O t t t t f: I t • 7 • 0 t 35 t t 5-►37 ;731!5: 2: ,0 ~ i t It• : 136 t 32; 18 :10-4-37 ~ 77,, 7: 5 : '•4 ; 12 -~ 8-26-37~63'!7~ 5 •$ ,. : 385 : 439 I i : 60 :1,378 : : 100 .• •• �:·: : :~ ~ : Average t Average l : fl.p_e : Educat ion : ·· · l f : •~;;.. Par-:Chil-: Par-:Chil-:.Property:f~geiilf: :.....::,_:~:iei1ts :dr~12_:ents:~:. O:med iyears •• . • :.T aylor I Clarence : t : : t : • • • 'Whitley City, Ky •. : ll-25-3.9:.72 •.7:. 2 :, 21 t 0 S, 4 :: 0 l.$ 80 :i -!Hr • I: I. Ira.me and i, ..• Date Address .. , . Edward ..I.Taylor Keavy, Ky., t I. & ,Taylor, Gr over : London, l~y •. aTaylor., Harman : Smith Town, Ky. .• .• .• . • 7-29-37:78.51 2 I , 20 • 0 •· •• :· t t • :, 2-20-42: 82. 0 :. 2, t, 23 I , 0 .• •• : • • :11-20-37:.79.,8 :, J :, 23 •·• l . .• . .. .• . . • .•• . ., I.Taylor,. Hes till 28 I: t J ellico Creek_p. Ky •.i. 8-26-37:.79 ...8:. 2 • •• . t t aTayl or I: Robert B•. • 8-17-39: 78 .6:, 2 :, 41 I Sawyer, Ky., .. .. : 'aTerry, Crawford : Whitley City., Ky., :10-14-37:.76 ..1: t t f ." .• ' t'· 49 tTerry, Harvey t :, Shoopman., Ky., : 10-14-3.7: 77 .,8 : 4 :, 1.0 t t tThoni;is., Roy •• . t Jellico Creek, Ky •.: 12-18-40 :.77., 7: t t tT011nsend., Romilus 9-20-37:.78 •.0: t Bowen, Ky .. t t : 1Truett, Walte:r l 7-29-39:74.5: t Parrot, Ky . : t tTurnor, Geo •. E •. t ,u-20-37:72.5: l London., Ky .. ..,. a._Tuttlo, Quince t ; 6 : t Ky., t 0 0 16 t l. ~ it-if ..• 4 t .• t 2 t 19 : 0 • •. 2 •, 21 .. .. 0 . . t l .t 21 • 0 t f :11-12-41:.60 .. 5: 8 t 44 : 10 .. • :. Beulah He ights.,Ky.s 5-26-37:73 .. 0: 2 •• 23 "• t •• ' 0 1Vanover, Herbert t Saeyer, Ky. &Vanover, J • .D. i Bee Rock, Ky. : : : I : I, 28 t 3 tl0-14-37:76.3: 5 • t t l : : 28 : 4 tl0-14-37:77.l: 5 aVa.'lover, Sam t Greemrood , Ky. aVanover, Tom :u-20-37:79. 6:10 : l}O : 11 t Bee Rock, Ky. . •• t •• l . t • " t t t :10-14-37:78. St ; : 21 •• t t t : Wallace ., Joh n t 'Whitley City, Ky. tll-20-37t79.2: 9 l .• : . •• : &Walt ers , Charlie z -it*: 112-29-38: t Jellico Creek, Ky . 1Walters, H;itt I Bouty~ Ky . aWarman., Chester z Bee Rock, Ky. ~* t I t i ~ 7 I t I 9 8 t !}2 & 6-19-37:71.5: 8 I ~ t t .• 5-J.2-37:?J.O: .• .. .• I 35 8 : 39 ' 11 - 100 • .• S, t t 7 210 I; I, 0 1, t I. 150 :: 2.,100 •• t t I 2 : 8 I 0 7 .• 0 3 t t t 5 l t •• •• 7 t z • . l iH!· •• •• : ' 5 : : 6 I .•; t I, 77 :. 1.,106 : : l.00 :, I. t t. •• C 570 •; 75 :. 181 2 2 '** l ..• : 215 l 000 ~ iH} : •.• f: 500 ..• t . >: • 1.,000 :. •.. t. ; 1.,500 • :. t ••. 3.,600 : ~ 2~ t l •: ff t 195 t I I 6o5 f • 400 ••. : t t 2 I, t t a %. . • I 800 a. 3,.540 :. •. t :, 1.,000 •. . 279 l •• :, 1,551 :. : I t l l :: 77 : t •• I 1. i:~ : 3 I t I: l I: %. t a 5 :. 0 • ..• 1,125 •• 0 . I I :; : • $00 • ~6 t : 7 . I, 11 : 0 • : 7 : 0 .• I: 8 t ' ." l: 283 t I. 225 •• •• : •• & : I h65 t l; t :, 0 . . •• : :, 8 0 •• t'· I 6 •• 0 t • a. 7 z. 0 : 100 ; 30 3 .••• t: : t. l. l t :, I, .'· .• t: 0 t 6 : • ... •• 1.,,000 :. ••· •• 155 •• • t: 2 300 •• .'·:,• 106 :,•. .• 0 •·• 6 : 0 : .• t S, 9 f 2 t 32 a 0 •• : 2. t, •.• . ~ t t t 110-29-38:70 ..0:. 2 Lend.on., Ky .. tUpchurch., Elmer Whitley City, aVano•.rer, Claude •• t t .• . .• 1.,500 : •• l .. 1.,500 • i . • ** i 50() : 750 i i �:: s :,.., : Avere.ge : Average t : ~ : -~: A~~: EclucaJ,lon : __ , ---N-a-me_._a.n_d_ _,_ t_ _ _ _ t ~ : . ~ :Par-: Chil-:Pa:e-:Chil-:Property:lnc om:o : & Address a Date :_::_: .JI:. :~idren : ents : dren : O,med :~1~s5_ : aWar.man, Emory : : : : : : : a f : t Honey Bee, Ky . t 8/ 21"'.".37:30.8: 3 : 19 : 1 1 6 : 0 t$ 1614 : $ 69() : &Warman., J:Llll . t Greenwood, Ky. &.Warm.an., r>/m. H. t Bee Rock., f-Y • :Wells, Ellis : London 1 Ky . l : : t. : :10-3/4-37:79.8: l~ : 23 : 1 : : : : t 7-29-39:77.0& 4 l 33 l 3 : : : : : . : 3-1~41 :72.0: 2: 22 : 0 : t s :White., G. T. • t Corbin, Ky. :10-14-37:79 .0: 5: 26 : 3 • 1 l t : :Wilson., Luther : Parkers Lake, Ky. :10-14-37:78.6: 7 : 32: 5 &Wilson, Marion : t : : 1 Jellico Creek, Ky.:12-18-4,0:78.4: 4 l 26 : 10 1Woods., Harvey : t t : : t La.mero, Ky. I 2-18-39:76.7; 4 I 28 2 6 : Wrigpt,, Ardle : t I l t . t Pine Knot, Ky. :11-12-41 : 64.Q_~ 2 l 22 : 0 . t :- :- :- t: i 7 : 0 I 457 : 9-00 : 9 O I 150 : 900 : ': •• t 2 l 7 ' I O : : S 8 t l O •• : l 5 : : t s 4 : l : 8 : 0 0 : 6 : 0 t : . l . • : •• t 500 : l 300: 263 : 755: t : 179 .. ~* .:- 317 : 3,600: t ; •• • : t 305 : t t 135 684 : : •• : 1,500__ : t : , __A_v~e_r_ag~,e;.....;;1_8~ 9 .f_a=~=i=1. l · e~s--____:~?~ 6~.4~:_,~.......=-3~0_:_6__:_7._t_l____s__2_24_..__t_l_~JJ1..t * Aged ~ 101 dependent not included DatA not in files �• - 1 ,7- - ., ---- -- ... TABLE IV Uncollected· Rentals : : Namo t a Pennington., arris a· 110a.l$ L:mTence : Meadors , c1a1~enc9 t Sampson; Chas . F • . t Salmons; Cecil t McKenzie., Ollie .• •• 1 • t t l Soulyrette, Hubert Alsip, Kenneth Harrell., Andre1.1 s Neely, Andrew Davia, Albert Jones , Thurman : Freeman., Edgar l t : s l t I : : : : : Period Fro , 2/1-38 . 3-1-38 3-16-38 l l.ifnch, <xlell t J ones , Thurman t lo'nch, Odell ' • 7-1-40 : F>reemar1, Edgar s : Tabor, W. J. B. Robinson, Ellio ilson, Herbert a BF.rant., Crit t Murphy, John a Watson, fo.lter t J ohnson., Wm. T. l- Hoclge., Preston l Johnson, Dennie 1 Floyd, Arthur t l t i Stephens, Howard t Lewis., J a.:nes H. l l ewis, J ames H. a Wright , Arthur Litton, All:>ert i Hall, Oscar 1 & McFarland, Martin : Joh.'1.son, Tom I J ones, Chas . F. I Hall., Oscar I Hicks ., Andrei'"I J. I Carpenter, E.i."l!llett t_!!oncs 1 Flozd I a Total 5-1-40 6-30-40 t : : : : s 9-30-LO I 9-30-l}0 f 12-4-l~0 12-13-40 12-31-40 •• •• : 8-15-40 l 10-1-40 : t t 10-1-1?0 : : : a t 8-1-40 12-1-40 1-1-41 2-1-li,l I f 7-1-42 i I t r t ; .• I ' .1 -1-M., . !.±,-1-!s!!, : i 3--1-43 4-1-43 2-1-43 5-1-43 7-1-4.3 11-1-4.3 ll-1-43 . : .• : •• r : I I I 5-3-43 5-16-43 5-20-43 52.39 10.50 7.13 I i !t_ . 00 I 7-14-1.,..J •• t ll-19-1~.3 : •• 12-6-43 : -1-.31-44 l 4-10-144 • : I - 102 - - .24. 61 4. 74 3.10 12.39 7.50 .• :; : ' : .• : : l 1942 ~Y±Q..00 •• I : ' I I I 191~3 $135 . 95 I •• I I . · ~.1z : $774.34 : .$774 -34 I z t l : •• : : : I ' .:• t 1941 ~266 .66 : t I i I I : t t . ..• 2 •• •• I .' : : : •• l 3-31-43 3-1-!.2 4-1-42 8-1-42 7-1-h.2 36.40 : •• I 1940 $126 .1.3 ·o 1-17-43 4-15-42 a s : : : I J I 15.00 6.50 22.50 :22 . 50 22 ~50 .33~36 11..,. 60 : • l l l t l I I -l-l-42 ll-·l-lµ. 7-1-41 : 18.00 : 12-31-40 19.50 12-31-40 a 24 .00 : l-15-hl : h9.50 : 2-22-41 17. 77 t .3-15-41 • 17. 50 •• 3-8-41 t---2:_QL_: 12-:31-41 t 9.00 t I 1-31-lJ.2 J 52 .50 8. 00 : 1-31-42 • 3-31-42 : 35.CX) I 4-?f.)-42 : 3.00 : : : 13.00 4->)-42 : 6-.30-42 121.iQ__I 9-30-42 . t I 19. 50 10-.23-42 I 17.82 : I t I l I 12-1-ltl, •• 6-30-40 6-.30-40 7-l-40 7-1-40 10-1-40 3--31-40 . .• : : Rental .. To : Individual : F. Y. &. 'f otal =~),, 4. 25 : 2-15.3-15-38 t 4.50 : I 4~50 3-31-38 •• 1933 5-.31-38 : ?2 -20 ~- : $3,2 . ?2 3.20 : 12-31-38 •• : 32.00 : 3-1-39 1939 6-15-39 l . J.75 . : $38.92 _ 12-15-39 :--":;-:-6'3: 12-31-39: 28.50 I 3-.31-40 • 32.00 2 I I t • I , lli.racl e, Roscoe : : . .5-1-40 6-1-40 : Napier, Robert l J o~~son, Gordon . r Greer, Earl I ·: 3-1-.38 12-16-38 I 11-1-38 •• : 6-1-39 12-1-39 · : 10-1-39 • 12-1-39 : : 1-1-40 I l l ' I i ··1944 $30 . 90 •• •• : : : �TABLE V Location and activity of settlers upon discontinuing occupancy in Sublimity. , t 1,-t..,.,,,,. : n== H d To .move ;· Engaged In t._ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ t_ · - - · - - - -- - · :_ : - - - - - - - - - - - - - -· :. Bullock, Ru ssell :. Smith , Vm.· A. 1Sal mon s,' Stee ly t Davenport; F. t Douglas ., Lowell t Douglas; Ed~ : t l!cPherson; Roosevelt , Pennington., Farris : Scranton, Ky~ : London; Ky~ w: 1 Alsip, Clayton 1 Carr., Elmon l Thomas~ Roy : Neal~ Lawrence , ~- 0..vens ~ Albert. t Roundtree., Enos R~ :' Corbi..11.,, Ky. l St earns; Ky. s Louisville., Ky. Jellico, Tenn ., J ellico Cr0~k, Ky. t J ellico Creek, Ky. : Coal mining : Hospital work t Tenant farming : Tenant farming 2 Tenant farrning a : : : : a : Tenant farwing : : · Loading Coal i Baltimore, Md. i Keavy; Ky. i Tenant farming t. Jellico .Creek, Ky. : Tenant farming ~ Jellico Cre!;lk; Y.y. : Tena.."lt farming I Bouty; Ky. : "Turnkey" Williamsburg ., Ky. t Willia:nsbure:, r~. : Tenant farming : Sandy Hook, Ky. : Tenant farming 1 White~ J ames L~ .t Morgan, Louis t Cranston, Ky·. l Bald Rock,Ky'. : Tenant f arming t I t t t Meadors·, Clarence t Sego., Maynard t Smith., Thomas t Pleasa..11t View·, Ky-. :, Tenant farming :, Tenant .farming t Krupp., Ky'. t Fannin, Green A. f Sanpson, Chas. t. :t. Bell, Stoney L. . • Hensley, Tor.ruie . 1 Davis, Berry t Salmons, Cecil A. : McKenzie, Ollie : Davis, j. Lavirence t Soulyrette, Hubert t Johnson, Verda t Gilreath, Paul t Alsip, Kenneth I Wyatt, Le-.·d s :Harrell., Andre11 t Davis, . I Neely., 1Ubert Andrew M. t J one.s., Thurman .t Williamsburg., Ky . 1 Shoopman, Ky. I Loam, Ky • : Williamsburg, Ky. : London, Ky . ·: ·t · t Surveying (F9rest t Coal mining : Factory work · : Telephone work · I Tenant f a rming 1 CorbLn, Ky . · g Coal mining a High Splint, Ky. · 1 Tenant farming i Emlyn, Ky . : Williamsburg , Ky . · : Haulihg lumber t Tenant far;ni.ng t Sawyer, Ky. f Te~ant farming a Stearns, Ky . I t Johnson, Cecil : London, Ky. Napier, Robert E. : : Sumner, Ky. 1 Dearborh, Mich. s McKee, Ky. .. 103 • t : Tenant farming .: Paralyzed-Living with father : Coal mining :S Tenant f arming :& Tenant f arming :l Tena.'1t farming : z. Tenant faraihg :& 2 McKee , Ky . s Greenwood., Ky . t Richmond; Ind. t Pine Knot, Ky. .• Tena.."lt farming {moved back to Sublimity) : Bath County : Whitley City, Ky. t I ·t : t t Free;nan, Edgar : Lichliter, Lee : ·t t : Lynch, o.iell I •• Share-cropping : Fact,ory vmrk 1 Service) : .I : : :a : .I : :s :: ~ : No particular work - live with: r vdfe's pa~ent s t : Tenant farming for father : : (Evicted) s s Tenant farming I : Factory work : a His own wood-vrorkine shop : �,' ______ ______ : _________ ,s______ In______ st Na:iw Moved To En~_a_g_e_d_ : London, Ky. : Tenant farming 1 ; London;Ky . · s Keavy, Ky. t Nor. ·ood, 6. : 'l'eilP..nt fnrmine s Farming his own land : Factory work : z : Richmond, Ind. : Factory work : ; Norwood, 0~ : Hor.mod, o. c Whitl ey City, Y.y . , Norvrood., O. t: Cincinnati; O. ; Bond, Ky~ a Fac'l:,ory ,rork s : Factory work s : No particular work : i Factory work : a I<~actory work : : No particular VlOrk ~ Live with~ : Stearns, Ky ~ s No particular work , .Johnson, Gordon : Tabor, Wm. J ~ B. t Epperhart, O:nar , Greer, Earl ~ Robinson, Ellie t House, John J Wilson, t Murphy., , Bryant~ JGabbard, t Herbert John C:rit Rufford Lakes , Finley J: :: Rhodus, Virgil t f Angel, Lyceste~ t Davenport, Alonzo t t Hall, Wm~ Ezra Eversole, Robar", a Hundley, Harvey t Utton, Verdon i ~ ~ ~ ~ a wife ' s parents . Cincinnati, o. Norwood., 0 ~ Horwood, o~ Norwood, 0~ , Dayton, 0 ~ ; Vox, Ky~ l J Bryant., Jakie t Inman, Kennoth Watson, Walter .t Hamlin, Alfred .t Hodge., Preston J. J ohnson, Wm.• T~ .t .1 Edwards, Fount .I Braden, Conrad .l Alsip, Clayton J Johnson, Dennie • .1 Floyd, Arthur t .I stephens, Ho\·;ard .J Lewis., Ja.Ir1es H. .I .t Gaines, Robert H,. _: Whitley City, Ky. Cincinnati., o. · .1 London, Ky . 1 Pina Knot , : Ky_ • .1 Cincinnati, o.• .1 London, ICy_ . s Bald Rock, Ky_• : Holly Hill, Ky_. I fultfuore, Md. .a Berea, Ky_. .t Bunch, Ky • ,I I t Pina Knot, Ky_• r Hamilton, 0,• .a t Mershons, Ky ,• .1 I .I Johnson, otis .I .I Wri ght, Arthur t .I Robinson, Robert t :I Ball, Wm. c ChestefRobinson a Ha.la, Kermit 1 1 I I a McDaniel Albert z Lamei•o, Ky . I I .1 ~ 1 : Live with: : : : rlfe' s parents. 2 Factory work •. : Factory work 1 Factory work ~ Factory work , Carpentry work ~ Tenant farming-for mother~ ~ in-J.an : No particular work : Factory work I : v...mero, s Cheviot., O. o.• Bald Rock, Y.y. • 104 • 1 a I a : : : : : Railroad work ( Brakeman) No part icular work (Evicted) : Tenant fanning : Tencmt farming t Factory rrork . s No particular ,mrk (Evicted) : Farming on very poor land . ;S of his own . · : Tenant farming f or father 1 I : : s a s Learnll.}g trade in defense : I Plant . . I a MaintaL'ling home with parents a house near parents . Maintaining hooe i n rent~d I Pl~ce and ~~rking j,n Ohio . 1 Tenant f aming · : Seeking. employment I Stock farm 'liOr.· : Fa1•ming his m·m l and near 1 Ky,• Cincinnati ., t I : No particular work 1 s Pino Knot, Ky • : : : Tenant farming :I and v1orking in Ohio_. : No particular work- Rented London ., Ky. a s s j ob at Bald Rock To7mr : No particular ~ork - Live r with in- la.'13 : : a a : I .$ I a I a .a �1 Mo d T____ a:: t _ _ _ _ Name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ :_ s_· _ _ _ _v_e__o t Bryant, Leslie :· Litton, Albert t Parker,- Shelby a I Wise, Lloyd :, Cincinnati,. o.l :, Idleness-NO'~ fond· of work z :. Factory work : t Mershons , Ky •. t :_ Mai ntaining home with father ~ and l'Torking in ()hio ., 2. Dairy far.rning-.t ove sponsored l F.S~A~ :_ Seeking employment : : l \'lhitlcy City, I<y ,, : Salem., O, t • Stephens ., Luster t Proffittp Ernest, i t .t : t Spurlock, J ames. McFarland, Uartin Roberts, Mid 'J ohnson, Tom J ones, Chas . F. i t Hall, Oscar t Carpenter, E-~nit t t t .t Isa~cs , Howard Robinson, Wm. Wesley, \ m• Jones., Floyd I t inman, Chester t t t l t Col umbus., O. : Louisville, r~ . 1 Dayton ., 0., : R.l, Corbin, Ky~ 1 t i •• g Dayton, o• Oceana, w. Va. Pine Knot, Ky. Baltimore., 31d. t Ne1v Buffa.lo 1 1-.li ch. t Lancaster, t Shel byville, Ky . o. : Morehead, Y..y. t Stearns, Ky . t t t Hurst, Dorsey Hacker, J ames J ohnson., M:. C.. Perry, Charles ;• Engaged In : Nancy, Ky . t London, Ky. : Big Creek, Ky. t London, Ky. t Blackwat er , Ky. ~ Fact ory work ; Factory work ; Sharecropping i Factory work ; Milita1--y service i Mining for Stearns Coal & i Lumber Co:npany : Factory irork , Factory work : Factory work t Sharecropping on large farm ~ : Farming a place he bought. . t l!ai ntaining home on mothers i n-Law's farm and working for • Stearns Coal & Lumber Co . t Farming on place he bought . .s Farming a l arger rented place : Work in Clay County : Continue working for F_. l Occupy his o·m farm s. by : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : Farmine l arger place as tenant : a_R ....· _ob...-""...vr...t_s_.,,__D_e.a.l_b_e-rt____ t Dayton, O. (R.F .D_J_s Factory work - Purchased ho~ __: t B~ckner, Earl t London , Ky.. / • 105 - t �"TABLE VI Location and activity .or people who sold t he Sublimity r esettlement land to the Government. 'i' Boggs, B. L. .; . •t Campbell,- Stratton Cook , Charles · :, ·.. ·,. : Fouts, J. s. -:,- .·. : ,,,.- 1 ·•··. i Sexton, D. G.··:- .. .-. · · . i Taylor, B. F. ·· ·_, .- • 1 l ·).Taylor, w. 1 : Purchased and operates farm.., , Relative condition imknown. s 1 Danville, Ky .. , Purchased and operates f arm.: : J Condition improved. , t London,Ky. (nearb-,1}: Purchased home in town. t t t Served as County Judge . Con-: c dition improved. : Operates coal mi ne and deals: * in coal. Condition improved; t Purchased home in cit y and : 1 works for L.&N. Ry. Condi- & l t Louiville, Ky. t t t t tion improved. l t Purchased a..11d operates fa...l"I!l. ·S Piney Grove,: Ky. , (nearby) · t Fariston, Ky,. Condition probably improved.; Pul·chased and operates farm;:= Condition probably i mproved.I Unknown · · · s Purchased and operat es fS:rm..: l About holding his own. : l Purchased and oper at es f arm.: l Condition unknown. : J Purchased and operates f arm.: J. Con.di tion improved. i . t t t t t · t {nearby) t Unknown 1 Piney Grove, Ky.. l J. l t Webb, Robert : -I , improved. : Bell County, Ky.. c ·t Jones, C.. F •. .t t Kelly,- B. F. l 1 l ·s J ackson, W. F., --.. :t ·· · - t t Gwn...m, W. G. - l ·· I Moved To , Eugaged In tondon K y fnearbyJ Purchased and operates t . , • \ : 1 : 1 dairy farm. Condition much .: t .: :t i -·' I I : I (nearby) . t London, Ky.. ·- t ' (nearby) t Harrodsburg1 Ky. I I S . : ·•------------'·------------·---------------~i J -106- �TABLE VII 'l'he l aws, rules and regulations governing resettlement . o ___________ . --------------:... : , DocTh~ent D~tc Cont ents _:,__.._,:;.;;.;:;.,;.::.;:;..;;.::.:;.;;.. ;._--";.:•:.::..;;.;;__;.._ .;;.,.....;....,. ....... : : Sec. 200 of Title : 6/16/33 t 11 To provide· for aiding the redi.otrib':.1'.:.ion of : the overbal a.n~ of population in indus trial II of the National: : centers $25.,000,000 is hereby made available : Industrial Recov: to t he President, to be used by him through : cry Act (P-ublic : such agoncicG as he may establish and u..'1.de r : No. 67, 73d Con- : such regulations as he may make, for making gress ), :o.sY.ing the: :: loans for 2nd otherwise aiding in the pur: first provision 1 cha...<ie of subsistence ho,-nesteads . The moneys ; for subsistence : collected ns repay.:110.ht of said loans shall i homesteads. t : const:ituto a r evolving fund to be adtaini.s; : ·: t ered as directed by the Pr .asident for the : purpose of tbi$ sect:ton. 11 · t ___ .. · : Executive Order s 1 No . 6209, author: izing t he Secreta:y. : of'the lnterior to ~ : exercise the : powers vested in s the P:i.· esident by .: Sec •. 208 : .• . : : : I 2 t I t : : •• t .• s . • 7/21./33 r vlrtue of t he authority vested in me by : the ~\ct of_ Cone--.ress, entitled • An Act to en• . courage nati onal industrial recovery, to : fost er fair competition, ?.nd to provide for • the construction of certain useful public 11 •• works, and .for .ot her pm·poses, approved i J une 16; 1933 (?ublic No . 67,73d Con6T~ss ), i1ay . . s in order t •::> ef.f cctua.te the intent 2:nd pur- · : pose of th e Gcngress as e~<pressed in Section z 208 u..rider Title I I t hereof, I h ereby aut.hor- : izo the Se~rctary of the Interior to ox~r- · : cise all t he powers vested inn~ , for t he •• pur pose of adainistering all t he provisions • of Section 203 under Title II of said Act, • I : including full authority to designate and •I I ~ppoint such agents, t o s et up such boards • and agencies > and to make a.11d promulgate such . . . i . r egul a tions as he may dee;n necessary or 1 : desirable." : : : : : : .. character of t he end.s to which Section : Program and poll11/15/33 : : 203 is dir..: , cted and the spe,::ification t h8re•- : cies of the Di: vision of Subsis- 2 : in t hat t he appro~Jriation shall constitute : t ence Honesteads : a r evolving f und, Bake it a.ppar~nt th~t t his : t org~-tlzed by th e : l egisl ation is not in the c~tegory of t owponT_r. : Secretary of t he : r elief l egisl ati)n . The Section e~bodies a : : Interior to s perm.anent policy 'ilhich cont.sJn?l a'l:,es a con: • t. pffectuate• t he , t inued program. of a longtime character . Tho : 11 The . . : purposes of Sec . : : 208 . : ad!ilinistration of t he,,leeisl ation accordingly ; _vd lJ. b d in confor nlit / t herewit h, although i f : due regard ,dll be gi.vcn to emergency needs : consistent VIit h t he pennanent program in view. : - l(J'/ - �:= .. : - Document ,,,______D_a_t_,o____:_____________ C.; ,o; . ;.n... t. ,; .e.;.:;n;,. ;t. ; ; s___________~: : : : •• •• . : r1Because of the nature of the purpos•Ja and • problems involve d and t,he l ~united fund in i com~al'ison with the need, the progreJ'.l of the Div lDion v,i.11 consist in d ding :i.n t he estP.b: l lshm.ent of a series of de6onstrntio:1. _p:ro.j ect s: : v!nich nill t est out t.he prc>.i:!ticability of : : val•:J.ous types of projects under the y ,3.rying i sets of concUtions f')tmd i.11 <1ifferent p<lrts : of tho ccuntr:r. Best us0 of the available : appropri.at.fon vdll be made by s ettinf,' ttp d.eG1onstratio.!'l projects v,hich rill point the : way to a. p1•ograrn of a per,ncincnt cho.t•ac~ter , 'i'hp3e de:nonst~a.tions viill 0£ necessi ty be : expcrir1'3ntal , 11 •• t . .• 1 ,· : Emergency Relief : : Appropri ation Act: ; of 1935 (49 Stat. : t l.15) ... .. •• : l •= .: : : _; : ·= :t : Executive Orde r ... . .... • • ... .. . ... . .•· .. t : : t v ested in me tmder the Em-er E;Bncy Relief .: Appropriation Act of 19:35 , a pproved April 8 , ; 1935 Publ i c Resolution no. : : ll, 74th Congress, : : I hereby establi!Jh an aeency id.thin the : : C-overni: :ent to be kno,·m as the Resettler.ient : .s Adtlnis t ra.ti on ruid a ppoint Rexford G. Tugnell,: : Under Se c retary of Agrlcu.lture, as Adminis: :: trator thereof, to serve .,,,.1.thout additional : : compensation. • .. . , . -~~ -: 2-"I h~reby prescribe tho .followine f~cti ons ': : . : and duti es of the said Reset tlement Adm..."lis- · : : : t ration to be exercised and performed by t he '.: i. : : : of: proj ects e.nd the amount ~ be used for each : class. cl1all not - - exceed t he amounts stated,: n amel y: ~ (b ) rural r ohabilitation and re: l ief j_n stricken agricultural a.r.-:as , and . 1 water c;ms~rvation, trans- ;nou."ltaln v1ater .di- : v ersion n.nd irrigation and 1·ecJ.amation, : $500,000, 000. 11 . : : 4/J0/35 : "By virtue of and pursuant to the authori.ty s No . 7027 estab: : lishing the Re: settl~nent ad~i.n- : : istrat.i on ..·•.. i t o remain avail able ur.t.il J une 30, 1937, the i stun of $4,000,000, 000-this appropriation J shall .be available fo r t he follo-vr.Lng classes .1 2 1 "Resol ved that - - there is hereb'iJ appro1,-\>rif\t~d ·-- to be im,;10diately _a va:i.lahle . e..'1d : .• .S .• 4/a/35 II ...•• • t Ad..·'1.i.Ju.strator , . '·, ;s thereof : : =~- ~-.. .• : (a) To e.d.:-ni.nister approved projects involvin.: ;- :,· : resettl~ent of dastitute or low- incmne f a.mi-, : : lie s fro::i rl.1:-:U n:1d u1·b.m c.I'ec:is, . i ncludlne th~·., - s estab1ishil~~nt , m..:1i:itenance , and operation, in:·: t t . ; .subm•oan areas . ; such cor.nection, of . c or:ll~uni t i~s in r ural nnd - 108 - · .• �s Document 1. Contents Date I S s i r 11 (b) To initiat.e and administer a program of: : approved projects with respect to soil erosioCi; : stream poLlution, s eacoast erosion, reforesta- : : tion, forestation, and flood coniro1. : t t i : t •• c) To ma.ke loans as authorized under the : : said E.rnergency Relief Appropriation Act of : : 1935 to finance, in Y:hole or in part, the : s purchase of farm lands and necessar y equipment: : by fanners, .farm tenants, croppers, or farm t laborers ." •• t l s : .• I t .• t : t t s 1 s Executive Order No.: 5/15/35 : 7041 transferring s certain property, : : functions, funds,etJ::!: • r elating to subsis-: : t ence homesteads s frooi the Secretary: : of the Interior to: the Resettlement , t administration. : t I I r t :f t I I t : t I ' 1 I l l r •• .• t ': t I t t s •• n . 11 ( : 1 nny virtue of and pursuant to the authority vested in I.le by Title II of the National. i i 1933 (48 Stat. 200), I hereby: Industritl Recovery Act, approved June 16, s c : 1. : : Transfer from. the Secretary of the In- J terior and such ag.ants and agencies as he may : have designated or set up pursuant to Executive Order No. 6209, of July 21, 1933, to the s ReBettlenient A~~inistration; established by z Executive Order No. 7027, of April 30, 1935: : : 1 J , (a) all the real and p ersonal property or : : a.~y interest therein, to 0 ether with all con- : : tracts, options, ri ahts, interests, books , : : pa~rs, memoranda, records, etc., acquired : i tr-~ the Secretar/ oi the Interior and a,~y such: s agent or agency with the funds appropriated : : or made available to c~rry out the provisions : of Section 208 of Title II of tt~e said : National Industrial Recovery Act, and (b) and tall personnel now employed under t he said s. Section 208 • t .•·: : 2. Authorize the Ad.!r~nistrator of the Re: settle~ent Ad'll.inistration to administer the : : property, etc., transferred under the pre: t ceding paragraph a-.~d the activities authori zed : J under the said Section 208 in accordance with : t he provisions of that section and subject ·to 2 the limitations of Section 20l(d ) of the said: r National Industrial Recovery Act. • • . ,,,-,--- -109 - . �• t . Document : t s Date Contents I t : ; i f I i 3~ Transfer a.11d allocate to the Resettle- ment Administration all balances of appro- t : f t r priations and .funds heretofore allotted or I s f t * :. s : made available under the enid Section 208 of f the National Industrial Recovery Act., to be t used for the purpose of carrying out the s provisions of this order," J I s ' Emergency Relief I I I i i t • I •i I • ·a I t ': t f I I • • 't : •• Appropriation. Act or 1936 (49 stat. 1608) t l, : t I I C .• 2 C I I t ; 6/22/36 i •• •• : .• to be used in the discretion and under the : direction of the President together vrl.th such: a ; unexpended balance of funds appropriated and: ; made ava.ilablo by the Emergency !½lief Appro-: s priation Act of 1935 as the P.resident mny : t determine, vhich are hereby reappropriated * end ma.de available for the purposes of this i s p aragraph, to r emain available until June 30,: 1937,-Provided that this appropriation sh~1.: I be avaia.lble for the foil owing classes of ' projects, - and th~ amount to be used for I ' •• each class shall not-exceed the respective : s amounts stated, n~nely:t I I I (j) rural rehabilitation, loans, relief to £armers and livestock growers, $25,500.,000. • l • s : Executive Order No.: 12/31/36 • f!By virtue or and pursuant to the authority 7530 transferring t 1 vested in me under Title II or the National the Resettlement • Industrial Recovery Act, approved Juno 16, I Administration to • s 1933 (48 Stat. 200), The Emergency Relief t the Depart.~ent of t I Appropriation Act of 1935, approved April 8, Agriculture. 1935 (49 Stat. 115) and the Emergency Re: f • lief Appropriation Act ot 1936, approved I • I June 22, 1936 (49 S~at. 1608}, I ·herebr s I •• I I order as follows: . . l t . . . . • . . . '. . 4 • . - I I t t : I I , s ' I I I I I J I •I : I ' i . i t I . . ..• ; "To continue to provide relief, · nnd work re- t t lief on useful projects, - - $1,425,000,000, I I I I .•.:• • •. •• f s I J "All the powers functions and duties here•• tofore vested in the Resettlement Administration· by Executive Order No. ?OZ/ or April 8, 1935,- and in the Administrator and Deputy Administrator thereof, are hereby: transferred to the Secretary of Agriculture, to be exe:ccised and performed by him; and •• all .funds, ·personnel, property, records, and equipment of the Resettlement Adiainistration • e.re hereby trans:? erred to the Department ; of Agriculture.-" I -110 - . . . . �l f t Document rJ Date Secretary ' s Memor-: : andum No . 732 1 i i ch:mgin,_, the Re- settlement Adninis-t : tra.tion to the t Farm Security t A~m.nistration. 9/1/37 Contents t Septo:nber 1, 1937, the Resettle- : : ment Aclminist.ration is changed to Far'".il Secu.r-: : ity Acl.1iinistration . The ad'U.i.nistrator of the : : Resettlc::aint ,\<ird.nistration shall continue to: 11Ef i'ective t perform the sa'ne functions and be subjec t to : -the Ew.:--;ie l :i.mi t at ions as have heretofore been ; prescribed, but shall, pursuant to the fore- ; going chD..t-iee , b e hereafter lmo,m as the Acbri.nistrator of the Fann Security Adminis- : tration~" : Executive Order No.: : 9070 consolide.ting: housing agencies and functiono into: ta National Housing: t i , Agency. virtue of the authority vested in m.e by' · : Title 11 of the Fin:;t Y!ur Powers Act, 1941, : approved December 18, 1941 (Public Law 354, t 74th Con_c,,ress ), end as President of the t Unit~d States, it is hereby ordered as i follows : · 11By I i ... f : 1-~ The .following agencies, functions, dutiE:s: t and powers are consolidat ed into a National : : Housing Agency an<l shall be administered as : c hereinafter provldud under the direction and : : supervision of a National Housing A&T.inis- : trator;--; {g ) All f 1.inctions, powers, and duties of the: : Farm Security Adninistration r el a ting to such: : housing projects as such administration de- ..•• •• l I I t Department or Agr:H : culture Appropria-: : tion Act, 1943 (56: t Stat. 77th Congr~ f I : f I f : (Under&:or'J.Ilg ~,plied): f : Depa.rtraent ter-...i.inea are for f amilies not der-lving their: t principal income from opera.ting or working on: s a farm." : : 7/22/42 : ---"~Ione of the moneys appropriated or other-: t wise authorized under tr.is c~ption ( ' Loans., t t grants, and Rural Rehabilitation ) shall be s used for (1) the purcha:;e of l;;i.nd or for the : carrying on of any land purchase prograia; : (2) for carrying on ruiy experi:nents in : s collective farrtln ,:r, excer)t fo!' the li cuidation: i of any such projects her:.: tofore init"i.2.t ed;- 11 t : : 7/12/43: To -enable the Secretary through the n"ar Food: : Adrainistration to continue to provide assis~ : i tance through rural r sna~ilit~tion and grants: t to needy far~ers including -- (4) lic.Qi-: i dation :as eDeditiou3 ly as nos sible of s Federal rural ra!:1abilitaU.on oro,iects under s the sunervision of the ·. :ar Food ac1-ri nistrat t ion, ~20 , 000, 000, -..:::ich su:n sl-i.tll oe also f of : Ag- : : riculturz Appro~..a: t tion Act, 1944 : (57 Stat. 7Sth : Congress ) :(Underscoring : suppli~d) .• : . - lll - �t I : Document t •• I. : : ,, * = t t I -l •• t I f t s s s. : (Underscoring ' t JIUpplied) • . . ' purch'asing for colonies of r ehabilitants or •• tenant pruchasers, except for the liquid.ation as exoeditious1 ,r as oossib1e of~ .'• !l1l-Ch, Ero,jects heretofore i nitiated; i C t : s •s • : grants, -a..'1d rural rehabili tatioh 11 ) shall be : t used for (1) t he purchase or leasing of l and ; I or !or the carrying on of any l and purchase f or l a.rid-l easing program; (2) the carrying on •• t of any operations in collective f armine, 0 1' • I cooperative £arming, or the organization, : promotion or management of homestead associa-: •• tions , land l easing associations, l and purchasing associations, or cooperative land ' Department -of Agri-: culture Appr opria- : tion Act, 1945 •• (58 Stat. 78th Con-: ~ess) r • : I t t I ; ': "None of the moneys appropriated or other•a :wise authorized under this caption ("Loans, : I • .• : s I . •• : tiori of Federal rural r ehabilitation 2ro,ject_§;: I undei~ his supervision, - - 11 • : s f . ; ; f t :. s(Underscorlng t supplied) : I l J I f available for necessary ad.mnistrative expenses incident to th$ foregoing, Provlded, tha.t the War Food Administrator shall t ransmit to the Congress semi-annually a pr ogress report with respe ct to the liguida- : •• •t t t : i t . : C t .• Contents ! I t t t t' .• I Date : •• •• t : s 11 6/28/A4 t f i J : ., I s : ' I t 1 C I s : : : "To enable the Secretar/ through the War Food : Admini stration to continue to provide assis- i tance through rural rehabilitation and grants : to ne~dy f anners-, including-- (4) l iguielation as e~eclitious;1.y as EOssible of Fed- •• eral rural rehabilitation projects under t he : supervioion o! the War Food Adninistration,--: Proviq.ecl that t h_e Wa.r Food Administrator : shall transmit to the Congress s e:ni- annually • a progress r eport with respect to the llqui- i dation of Federal rural r ehabilitation oro- : jects, under his supervision,-" : : .. 112 - · . • �June 20, 1951 The Washington Office Information Digest No. 58 of June 15, 1951 cont a,ined the following item: "History of the Sublimity Resettlement Exueriment. Region 7 recently submitted to the Washington Office copy_ of W. E. Hedges• compilation of the history of the Sublimity Forest Community, situated on the Cumberland National Forest, in Laurel County, Kentucky, from the inception of the resettlement idea in 1933 to the transfer of the project to FSA in 1945 for liquidation. In submitting the history .to the Washington Office, M.A. V.attoon commented as follows: No one document of practical length could include the many angles wh.i ch developed in dealing with the settler and his family both before and after his arrival at Sublimity. There is an um,ri tten volume which probably no one man could prepare adequately, portraying the background from which the settler was extracted; his · ethics, philosophy, morals and general reaction to his environment. It is unfortunate that many of the incidents which ill istrate the ways this rc.ther rugged and independent individual approached and worked out partial adaptation ·to the changes involvad , as observed by the several responsible administrators, could not be recorded in greater detail aiong with this documentary history. Some of us who were less intimately connected with the proj ect have the feeling that the human story of Sublimity, if written, could have developed into a best seller. 1 of the Washington Office who are interested in Mr. Hedges• report will find a copy in the Division of Recreation and lends.• 1 Members �..' U. S. Forest Service Region Washington 25, D. C. 7 April 6, 1951 John Sieker, Chief, Division of Recreat ion and Ir.i.nds B- HANAGE}IBNf , R-7, Cumberl~nct , Subli mity Reference is made to your l etter of March 23. We are very glad to have your fine report on Sublimity and it is beirig routed to Hr . l<Ia tts , his staff, and several other people who ar e int erested in such proj ects . It i s expected th.:1t t here will be more detailed comment after fo•. Hedges ' r eport has been r eviewed, 2 XC R-7 �STANDARD FO R M NO . 64 C Office Memorandum • UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT TO Chief, Fore st Service FROM W. S. Swingl er, Regional Fores ter SUBJECT.: B-MA1"JAGEi.IBNT, R-7 Cumbe rland , Sublimity < Philade l phia 7, Pa . FOREST SERVICE O P Y DAT E: March 23 , 1951 By M. A. Matt oon, Acting Herewith are t wo copies of ~'f . E. Hedges' c ompilation of the hj_stor y · of the Sublimity Resettlement Experiment from t he inc eption of the resettlement idea in 1933 to the transfer of the project to FSA in 1945 for liquidation . ','le have found it . a very interesting doc ument and one which we believe should be retained for r eference , especially in connection with any activities of the Forest Service which have to do with i mprovement of t he southern highl,'!nder 1 s lot. r~re also believe one copy should go to Archives. No one document of practic al length could include the many ane les which developed in dealing with t he settler and his f amily both befor e and aft er his arrival at Sublimity . There is an unwrit ten volume v1hich probabl y no one man c ot:ld pr epar e adequately , portraying the bac kground fro m v1hich t he settler wa s extracted; his ethics, philosophy , mo rals and general reac t ion t o his environment. It is unfortunate that many ·of the incidents whi ch illust r a te t he vray s t his r ather r ugged and i ndependent i ndividual approa ched and worked out partial adapta t i on to t he chane es,involved , as observed by t he several responsible administrators , could not be recorded in greater det ail along with this document ar y hi story . Some of us who were le ss intimately conne cted with the project have the fe eling that t he ·hum:i.n story of Sublimity, if written, could have developed into a best seller . Atta ched (Signed) :xc Chi ef 2cc Cumberland MAUA TTOO!J: KC C 0 p y M. A. HATTOON �FOID~ST SERVICE - R7 M. A. Hattoon, As st . Reg ional Forester Division of Resource Management PHILADS:LPHI A 7, PA . J anu,1.ry 4, 1951 ,l . E. Hedges, For e ster, Divi_9ion of Resource 1blage,11cnt Upon approa ch of t he liquidation of the Sublimity Forest Comnnmity, form.er Regiona l Forester R. M. Evans instr ucted me to prepare a history of the project fro;;-i its i nception to lic:uida tion . I was told not to ovcrloo:{ the va r i ous opinions and reports ancl t )1e attitudes on different levels ·which operat e_~ for, or against, the b est inter ~sts of the co:nr:1.unity . Mr . Evans u a s particularly i ns ist ent tha t at least a brief record of the individual f runilies who lived in t he com,."J.unity be prepared as a ba sis for posdble follow-up studies of .family prog r es s . I solicited help fro m I&E on arr ange:aent and for,ll:'..t without success . I 1?.t er r equested t 'b.a t _Division to edit t he manuscript in ro.ugh draft with a vie--.,; to _ gre3ter cl s.rity of statement and better word usage but was again tur ned _do'..n . Working alone and to a l ar ge e xt ent on my 0 1;-n t i me I eot the roue 1 dra ft asseJJbled e :1r l y in 1947. It was t hen r evie·;ved by Borden , lfcI a ir, l ~cHe s2~u·, Mansbcrger, Olliver .:o.nd Ritter a...'1J r evised t o include t heir sugge s tions . I t hen had it put in final fon-a and -subr.Li.tted to the Regional Forest e r from the field on May 11~, 1947. The only thing I have he.::i.rd a.bout it s ince t hat d,s.te i s tha t Hr. Uctfo.ir told me t ·hc Regional Forester had giv_c n it bi::.ck to him without instructions . Upon -t.cldng over the l and section of your Division I fin d this thing c1.eain on Therefore, t he original and three copies are attached for your consider~tion. my l ap wit h no indica tion of clea rance t hrough the Regi onal Of fic e . cc: WEHedges : �tOOEST s-invrt.'E WASH.J.NGTOl 25 ~ D• C• · llbolosed f◊~ $uch distribtrHcn ns you e,.'ire to m,;a.ke· ru:-a t11a (lrlg:inal and .four copies of a history of the Subl:Lm ty Forest Comi.1Unity. The frontispiece. pict,ures are 1i.d.ss:u1g i'rom the last trio copies. I expect to be able to st1;,,np:!y thase two mism.ng pictures sO® atter I return to hendqU.:1.:t"'c,o~ • �I ' ' I i Office Memorandum • UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT FOREST SERVICE, .Philadelphia 7, Pa. April 11, 1947 To: W. E. Hedges , Washington Office From: John W. McNair, Asst. Regional Forest er, Div. of Recreation and Lands -- Subject: B-HA1'IA.GE1F.f~lfr-Subli mi ty 6, 1947, I am sending you the rough draft .copies of history of Sublimity which have been returned by Supervisor Borden and Ephe Olliver. Commen ts on the history from Ritter, Oliver, Borden and Vansb erger are attached. As discussed with you by telephone on April · Ranger McUasser 1 s mernorandUJll of ll.arch 27, 191J.7 which is in reply to our memorandum of January 20, 1947, is attached for any use you may wish to make of it in putting the history in final shape. I have reviewed the history and comme nts, and can thi nk of no constructive suggestions to add t o those being submitted. When the report is put in final shape, I feel it will represent a sp~zb•,(.,U , ~ - ~ Attachments / _) �STANDARD FORM NO. 64 Office Memorandum . uN1TED sTATEs GovER_N MENT TO John W. llcNair, Asst. Regional Forester FROM H. SUBJECT: B-M1\NA GEMENr, Sublimity-Cumberland I,. DATE: Winchester, Ky. JI.arch 51, 1947 Borden, Supervisor, Forest Service Reference is ma.de to your memorandum of ll'3.rch 25 and to previous correspondence. Please find attached the unedited copy of the Sublimity History by Yi. E. Hedges. I regret the long delay in returning this manuscript, but other important work appeared to constantly come up and keep me from giving this the attention it deservedo Both Y.ansberger and I have read this ?Ver carefully. A copy of J;~nsbergerts comrr.ents is attached. ~ ~ ~· ' While it is no doubt necessary, it is unfortunate tha.t in cases of this kind so much statistical material bas to be included that the result ma.kes rather dry, uninteresting reading. The only way that this could possibly be avoided would be to relegate all statistical data to the back or append.ices of the report, thus leaving the body for interesting and readable sidelights. I too think Hedges has done a very thorough job and . I have no other comments to make. Attachments �COPY STANDARD FORM NO. 64 Office Memorandum . uNrTED sTATEs GovERNMENT TO Supervisor Borden FROM B. E. }lansberger, 1.fana.gement Assistant SUBJECT: B-MANAGEMENT, Sublimity DATE: Winchester., Ky. }.fa rch 17., 194 7 I have read the history of the Sublimity Forest CorrJnunitywritten by 1fr. Hedges and in my opinion he has done a very painstaking and thorough job. However, I think something should be added to this history-something which to me is of reasonable importance since the idea erranated from the Chief's office. You yourself JTl8.yrecall that almost at the outset the Chief's office expressed the opinion that the Sublimity Forest Community would either ~se or fall as a result of tts attempt to incorporate self-government and cooperatives in its ma.keup. In order to comply with this Chief's office indirect directive, the local. ID3.nagement., through a considered and consistent approach, attempted through monthly schedulP-d settler meetings to sow the seed of cooperativep as well as self-governTient. The efforts to set up cooperatives have already been touched upon in some measure by Mr. Hedges. However, no mention has been made of any attempt to a~raken a self-governing spirit among the settlers. After these settler meetings had been conducted for approxiJ!'..ately 12 months, I thought perhaps the time might be right to have the settlers themselves take over the job of conducting the meeting . At the end of one of these meetings the idea was sugeested that during the coming month the settlers think over the idea of electing their ovm officers and come prepared 8.t the next meeting to take a secret ballot on who they would like to have installed as their president. When the next meetjng was held a secret ballot was taken, first of all to determine whether or not the set~lers wished to continue the meeti~g 2s it had been conducted in the pa.stnamely, that the Ranger preside, or whether they wished to have one of their own members take over the job. When the ballots were counted I was amazed at the results. The ballot indicated that the group was almost unamimously in favor of continuing the ,eetings as they have been conducted. Thinking that_per~ps I might not have made ~he subject entirely clear, I explained again the purpose of the balloting and decided to take another vote. The second vote turned out the same as the first. So, up until the time when I left the Sublimity Ranger District, October 1940, the settler meetings v,ere conducted by the Ranger. I think this is worthy of inclusion in }~. Hedges' history, if for no other reason than to show that even though the local ir.ana.gement was sympa. thetic and made a concerted attempt to effect the ideas of the Chief's office, the settlers ther.iselves were unwilling to assume the slightest move to place on them any responsibility. �-~STANoAno FORM NO. M Office Memorandum • UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT \ TO FROM SUBJECT: Philadelphi a 7 , .Pennsylvania. DATE: -~1. E. !Iedge s Re cr eation and Lands Ed-:: r r: Hit ter January 17 , H, 117 P- COOPEEA't'IO"N, Yentucky Com.:"Tl ents on Sublimity Historica l Rep orts The history of Subl imity ha s been r evi ewed with much pl easure e.nd may I c ompli rr.e nt you on the all -i nclusive nature of subj e ct ::,atter , :nanner in v1hi c h it has been co mpi led , and ~bove a ll t he soundness of your conclusi ons and r ecommendations a, Thinking in terms of one v: ho was c l osel y associated \Vi th th e proj ect fro,rr i nception, ny c omments :nay a ppear to have a· tinge of e..:-1fr10sity . I f so , it is pur ely unir1tent iona l. I doubt if my criticisms are sufficient ly cr editable to be of v a l ue in i mproving your ma nus cri pt , but you may r egard them for whe.t t hey Ee.y be vrorth . First , 1:1.ey I present e. f ew general i zat ions which v1ill be kept s eparat e fro::i c or.,ments listed by page numbe r . You v1 ill note various correction s an.d checkmarks also on ma r t; in of co py re-t 1;1r ned . • I It is believed your for eword o r p r efa ce coul d be lengthened to i nclude s. b ro e.der over a ll p ictur e of th e nationa l situa tion . ~~ thought in doi n~ this would be to build up a r es is t:rnce in the r eade r ' s mind a g ai n st f ..lture p r oje cts as _ c onceived by such economi sts as Tuc;well or othe r b r a irt truster s . '.·tr f eeling is t hat p ost war p l ins conceived by theo rist s wi ll be ic t h~ ma~in~ sooner or later a nd ala in for ced qn to ~overn::n~nt a~enci ~s and possibl y t he Forest Ser v ic e , for e.~-;d.Li s trat ion . If th is prediction :na.terial izes , your r eco:mn enc a tions E', S st ated might be more e ffectiv e if ~ept i n the f ore~ r ound . 1 Secondly , f or vihat pur po se is this r eport and to ,•1hoT:1 will it be :nade ave.ilao le? I assu:~e t he Chief for one ·ni ll ~et a c op:r . Ir.. that event , I wou ld be i n cliLed to r ea rr an:;e so--:1e of the s -':;ate::'. ents , thou -; i1 tr 11e , and tone -She critici S''lS ac c ordi ng l y . Pe r ha:?S the state:uents about :.:r . Fa:;e of B•.d•• E. :night be sha.ded v;i th a litt l e les s r ed . I h ave fa i led to note a gre nt dea l about t h e p r og r ess (or sh oule I s ny l ack of prog ress) in filli n~ t' e houses ~ith sett l e rs . So~e o f you r tables a nd s tatemer.ts sumrn.s. r::.ze t h e situ?.t j on . I feel the p ic tu r e v:a s :nu ch da.r:-: er during the f i r st f ew r.1.ont hs of occu;:-at ion than de s cri bed . The f oll cwi ng; rerria. r k s refe r :na i n ly to yo11r te xt id entified by page nur!i.be r. Page 33 - .Exc avation for the houses had begun . In clo sing out , all the exc avations. ~e r e fill ed up wi th a bulldoz e r , but so~e of t he st o~e f otnc a tions, as I r e c a ll, i,,,1ere 1 eft in place . Page 46 - First pa r a~raph , second li ne , :P.ight sent ence . Pa g e 49 - Check ca.te of insu.rance :)eriod . be broken up i nto !:!O re t ha n one �2--V! . E. Eedges --1/1 7/ti 7 Page 54 - It is b elieved s ett lers' sel ect ion materie.l on Page 4 7 might be placed in viith the topics dis c u.ssed on Page 54: to 58 . Page 54 - I s the s entence a.:?;re ed v:ith ?Ir . to me . ~ rhe.!")S help to cl arify ber-..;, in__rlim: v;ith "The resett lement ad.mini st r at i on also Irwi n '' just v;hat you want ? I t i s a l itt l e confus i ng the thought stat ed in more t han one sentence would thi s . ~ Page 54 - I n c orpo r ate sub-hee.ding 11 Sett l ers ' Selection 11 i n body of rep ort in ad dition to Pa~e 52(a ) , "Diag r am of s ettlers ' selection p roc edure . 11 Puge 57 - Probably an ele.boration on th e hearing be i n ord er . { 11 T.'.ansberger 11 failed to g et would Pa.ge 58 - Vfoul d there not be some merit in philo sciphying at this p oir.t on why the project p r oved l ess popular than ant ici p at ed? Pa ge 68 - Your fir st pare.graph is c or rect iri co ntent , but it_ may g ive a non-Forest Service r eader a false co~cept of ''discrimi nat i on !! , vihich i s not j ustified. A restatement of your thought·s mi ght be d e sira ble . Page 68 Paragraph 2 is s. very adI!lirable stUJll::la!'IJ • Pa g e 69 - Cne ,not f Eimili a r with the deve lopment of Sub li:nity rr..ay as k why , -in additi on to the ansv,e rs you hav~ given, the exh ibit s h op V\S. S e. failur e and the si gn shop a succ ess . Page 73- · 7 5 - You mi ght eli!Ilins.te the ser.!b la n ce of repet ition (for r eadab ility only ) i n the stater.ients dis pens i n; ,;Ji th '1e.g rono::ni st . " < i:>a g e 8 4 - Explain here or ;ive refer ence to Fa 6 e. elucidat in 6 on _sec-::md. _!)a r e.g raph "As soon as the loca l !D.ana7,e;-.1ent r elented . ?i Page 8 5 Unde r c onst r uction and occupancy , I failed t o note the various contri butior~s i n i nitial deve l c:)T:ient , such e.s p lanting of berry bushes , strawberry p l ants , shrubbery , and frui t trees . I recall movin:; and p lanting of c onsiderable stock on so"'.l~ lo ts . Also li IT:e dust v,as p rovided end scatter 13d b efore occupants .;:oved i n . ··;eeds were mowed at one ti me to r educe th e weed s eed cr op . The only r ef er ence is n oted i!l _table , F'a:; e 26 . Fa .g e 94 - Pub lic and p ress r e lations should be transp l anted to Chapter II I, fir,a.l r ep ort , exc8pt f or ~o r e c u rrent it ems . I Page 95 - In ref err ir.g to ~ange r ?.fc !Te.sser i n the third pa r e. 6 r aph , i t i s s ug~ested so::1e st atement ::ie e.dd~d to sho·,,, ·: ;hen , ·nhere , a nd possibly ·why ~anger ~".ansber;er d r opped out of t h e p ic tu re . Fa~e 98 -- You state i n :iar a;raph l t h9.t t he '": ork eval a ti.on r ep ort 11 wa s in -violati on of the t!'..ana.ge::ient _?l a.n , but i n :,?aragr a.ph 2 , you stat e t hese re:iorts ,-:ere a gain re su::ied , appa r ent ly s t ill in viol at i on of the p l an . �Pag e 100 - 1,'•;i ll the t er m 11 highe:r 11 u se of land , in pa r agraph 1 be a sub j ect of critj_ci sm by l and expe rts outside of our servic e ? Page 10 0 - Is the term " l9 nd II o r 11 soil " best for a. c at e.g ory cl assif ic atio n ? 7iith 11 ln~d 11 ,,,.,ill be associated ta xes , r eal estate v a lue s , for est a cr op and perhaps other f a ct ors t h e t may mislea d t he r eade r . Yo ur exa,npl e of soil i r:1p"t-ove~,1ent of Sub l h nity i s mos t strikin~ . On the othe r hand , I fail to fi r..d any factua l data co ncerning th e old ho:!lestea ds or prope rties left by t he c h os en settl ers . i,.r e t h er e no data avail a.ble on t r1e l and you ment ioned i n pa ra g r aph l? Page 1 00 - In p a r ag rs.ph 2, you st a te 90;~ o f the f s.mili e·s viere _t enant farII10rs but minimized ( unintenti om. lly) the 32~ who returned to ,tenan t farming . I appreci ate this situat i on full y but f eel so'.:leone outside of our service might tak e deli ght i n pl aying up the st a tement as writt en . J \ Pag e 101 - Date bn secon d line of para graph 1 is not corr ect . Page 104 - Last pa r a g r aph mi 5ht be modified if Chi e f's policy letter of February 11, 1 938 h a s not been r escind,e d . Page 109111 - I a gree with your con clusions a11d am gratified to see repeated e,nphas is pointing to th e vJOrthwhil e obj ectives of expe rimentation and demons tration. Your prefa ce mi ght wel l c ontain more st atements similar to thos e f ound -i n the conc l u sions . Page 111 Your r e c orrn,, endat ions are com'Tlendable and a re endorsed wit hout r eservat ion . I a~n partic41.larly i mpressed vrith your statement under paragraph 2(a) ., i n3.smuch as t wice during my lifetime have I e:z:p eri ,mc ed first hand s ituations which woul d e:npha size the ne ed for c ent r alized autho rity . Sublimity to me v1a s e. ni :;htT:J.a re, :nuch more depressing frc:n a p sycholo t; ic a l point of vi ew th an ";';orl d. 'Sa r II . Ead I been in attendance a t the c onference of t he ten or dozeri hi ~hest brass officials of the u. S. Forest Service on t hat fateful dat e of Dece."lber 1 6 , 1944 (see Pag e 10 6) my rea cti on , I ':l!!l su re , wou l d have been one of dep r e ssion e.nd defea ti s"!l in co ntrast to a f ervent desire to resist , fi g;:1.t , a nd live as sho.rn by all thos e c au :; 'i,t in t h e "Bul ge 11 • Sometimes I t h in:::: '.Jeneral i.!acCaulley's a nswer of rr!luts 11 to t h e '}er::i.an Cor:'"~ande r p re ssing fr om outside i3astogne might well be mad e pa rt of Sub licnity ' s hi st oric a l do.$na . The signific ,:_nc e of st '3.tements und er_ ~a rag raph 2( a) -::i.ay be typified by so,!lewh at ana lo~ous situ at ions _ of ~uch 6 ree.ter i n:!)O rt . Ar:ny v s . Navy is sufficient to describe wh at I have in mind . ~. A. F . ( Royal Air Force) v s . Briti sh .Arrn.y e.nd division of c or1.-r;1.and between British and Am e ric s !!s in Decemb er 1944 a~d January 1 945 a r e ot he t•outstanding exs~p les . ~~ �I I -· -- ------- Memorandum Philadelphia 7, Pa. January 27, 1947 E. M. Olliver, Division of Personnel Management From: ' . _ Subject: W. E. Hedges, Forester B-MANAGEMENT-Sublimity I wish you would review the enclosed rough draft and unedited manuscript and give me your· frank co~~ents on it at the earliest practicable date. mclosure. ·o Pt~rt- -. -· • UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT FOREST SERVICE ' ·--- - ·-------- ~- - v -· , . ~N'.c~T " j~J\ 'l'.7 \941 ) ���r r •, ,. Ref()rerice ii; ~hde t o O'.l T , 1~1~i .1r..1s conve1·srtionr, i n I' ~'':. -~rd to i 1ac l :.10i ng t he ~uh~i r,1lty f~i:,eettbn:ent J\rou l n t he pro~or;cd bcund.1.,r.r £> 0clni,¢. tion of the Cl.411berl v.nd fr::1.rc1~~,se Unl t., Yc sterde.y I C:i~cnssed t hit, l'.!l.r-. tt€,r r:;.i th t!.r- . f'. r.oi;)p ~nc. to f:tfi.t ed t ~c.t t he i r. clus i on of tee TTts.ottle r.:;{;nt Ax-mi ~1 t.Lir. t !2e iYf'Oc.l i.:. ir.:1e rt b c:u::10:- 0.ry wc,.s not c o:'rtrc.tJ t o thB Chief. 1 s pol icy . 1k~ l\lr·t.her st.-. t.-::d thl'-7- b~d ~orked cr. rt t lie Di-ur,1.i"'.10nd Rncettlt?::er.t ;.rut en t:1l t, b :j ds b;r c0nfenrnco ·i':'ith R~:rnttlei;,er.1t J.ciJ,,iui stnt1 on 1-:.d v~id ~r . ,fac \:. t:on of Rc sottl ~:;,,:mt, E.xi:,<m:;ion •n, t1;1; s th!: ~,ro;1er J!.r-n t o c onti, ct . ilc f urther :Jt.Rtod tha t if F..e!>ettler.:trnt i,:;'Tced t'C/ tne prop:,oed ?r€:!,;ident1.~1 ?l'Cdnr,,.,~:. i c;~, t1e ·would t I:en lw vc t o scc n.r~ t he e ,,)r~v;:;l of t h~ St.;3te 1"orei2t•<l I" t•nd the. Gov6r ~or of Ke::tuc:ky to mitkc ~u.re i t did no t ccn flict ~tHh ;:,ny of tr:eir ;::etid.e-s . Oiu· d:l sc .1ss ].01i t t:,en 9.-;rt.~.i nt!d .- .o th~ r:dv?-.nt r:=. css ,1.nd cl1 s,.:_dv:.1.r1 ::gen 1 1 of t hus proclo.l ~;ti r.:r: tbe Hcs;:,t-tL;: ent. /t' H:1 1 imd t.he iiore t'l0 t ook t he i doe E.;;,t::.rt t he o.ora ~e be~r..e c o,:v icecd t ½z1t for t bo tiI~e b1=~ing i t t:n, unden:h.'fi ble to inc lnde t h i a R-:: (;;et tlc,2Dr, t /rt;a ·tdt.hirl t _e p1·ocl,: i:'.Gd bou.m:laJ7 . The r easons dsvolopect D.r~ c.:.s f ol.lows: (1 ) If thi s r: rc e. 1 o w:,de i ;>z: rt or t r-,e N!i ticr:61 ?'or .. st, t~1e gros s rece i9t. ~ ( ,~ ...,1~thly F,t ... ,';:ite fr c':!l the Co frr,.iste~ds ) 'i'l va l d b<:':c :;.~o 2 ;;c.:rt o.f t l1s gr oss 1--t1 cei. i!ta of tb.::~ C >!!Ct~rl<i:d ;;i:. ticr~~l For"; fJt &:·~d , therefore , 2..::.i% wo,.ld go to tte c cuntios i:;r:d 10; ;r:.r;de E:.'1','dli1:;le fo.r roc. s.i ;;,:~d t rail ;,ur ?o:ces. I n t !~ i a r er.p~ct 1 lf o:c~ of tl.':e t r;vo pro;-c!1ei:. n2'i'i .:::et:~~,tn f or ,,f.l k!ng cor: tr.i"c,uti on ~i t.:i 1-:-cc. l ur,i ts of Gov,::rn::o,:, nt bGc0r-,<as a l~s. , t.i:~n 25% of t be. E:;ro~s recol ~ts frc~ t~1i s ~:reE t~~'iulcl g r) to L£m~e1 C:.·. .u.,ty tinca this ifi r, fc,r :1 ~f r e,c;c,d Jt t i:2 t e.o'.l l d c-£ cred ~eel d i.r e~t to t 1H} cc,11:nty frc;il i'l ~-icb i t oric;:::..nr.tcs . 0 ~0 e.ecure zo::.:e E ea of \~het t. i s c cntri :>ut 1on ~·; oul-d r::c :.., n 1 ,~e ,:onsi C.er£1d thc t 52 :-c cre f !! J.~ St-t,_.,~-:. s li:.Y.Jl d. eeeh ~.:.:.ke rt.n ar;·!'n:tt;.l =7c:{,. . =c:1t 01... ~ i20 . ~ ::o and t l10 14 so-c.::- 1.led !.C~ ~c:;e 1-,-~_1•~u3t€!~t:t.1 , fi...n c r:: t_;\;.t; l · i,,·' -.!t~cr.:t ot ~·100 . 00 . On~ tt:i~ b:·. ni a, ~~·~ toU:;l gror; :;, r:e •::o:!. ;, t$ wculd be (3 1 4-SO. C'J e nd f..5;$ of t ~,c t. ~:, ~1l d ~ivc :>:v.rel Cour,ty , un,.:!.<:r tr:e ;:e;,;r r::etbxt o f c·J r.trib'.rtion; t~ ,lt O. OO t.nr.;.;~lly . The r r.'cord a~ t ;;.xea ?:-id by t '.:le O'ii'.:er s of t.t e 585 2cres of knd i :»:! b J ed i n t he Eesett.loc:c,.t !:.res L:; es .follo·~.~: �u1;su f t9C. 07 19~-l 1932 409.78 1955 1934 19~5 19[6 810 .. 7:) 58~ er4 t45.l!3 - 275 ,. ::'5 270.~5 Tho e. bove i..d i c1.1tes t i-it t t :::.e c,mrJty ,,ould :i;·c c,:?i ve t h:r oui;:h c0ntrib ,.1tion:,; t;. tnich l ··r.;or rnl!l t::<! n t ~1ey h1.;.ve :r.ocoived wr,eu t l) j, 5 l&.nd w;.:. 3 in privHte ::n :r,cr~Lip . I t ls t nw tl:nt the vnluo of t ::i tJ ;iro;>ert y for t 1,xr,tion PUI"ir:.iSOD is b,:- ir..g w.,t m·h U.y i ncrC?~'{l:icd d.!.e t o t.!':i•!.l t:)rccti on t'l 65 S(.::ts cf .f&rl.:l buil<li!i£ S t,i:<l , tr1u.t•efo:re , i !' t his .~ru£~ ,'i0re- l ;~d .;1*: dovelo;:ed unrk:r· 1·,r.tw,t e 01,11er{,hip 1 the c o,mt y ~cuJ.d r_rn t~U'hlly 1-~ceive more t::'1:Xe tl t ;l,rn it ht? s i n t ho , £Wt4 ( 2) ~ni le, for t ho t t rr:o boi-:iih we ht"<VG ~11 szroed t ~;t.'t tl::e;;e f l:.rt!steods r;ould be h~•?H.ned cu L ;;.: c-rmit be. s i s (fc~1er[.l (..ov ~irm:Hrnt re ·:i uine 0 '§'.11 r· :1i.p of t he l u;:d l:,Hd i ~,)rovc.::e;1ts), ;;t:t r.-e du not know e nough about .,hat i s eh~t;,d of uD to decic' e ,,ihe thor tr·' !1 w.l H be the perw.rn~nt cettod or- 1'1 •• et hor, lt.d..er on , we "ti•1ld c t t,n.;e over to •·nother l!1ethod ,, .ich . s t ~e ~round l ~::1 t;e . Under the t,1.· ,::iund lctil:lf: }1lt.n , ,rn coudclored i.'or V0l md . lon p;..1 rp ::; ~c t ho pd c".i tte Gov e :nimont ; bid for- t ho l end e.xcluaive of i.:::iprovc-::1er1t a. Thi t'i i s {=34 , 1~5 . 00, or t bout ( 60 . 00 par r.~re . Si nc€!i t.he Gov0r.i:r.e.nt t;Ollld r ate.in O'tner:fr·. ip of t t,e lE.nd t,r:d since we rw.turt:.lly run,us:::s tL".at. the vdu~ of tho li m1 will not ue_preofo.te but , in !llore prob,1;,bility , t.:1 11 i ricr ef\se in v.:.lue , f..:e v:0u1d fi eure the aEnu1,l er o 11nd r sntr,.l on o b::-1sis c os;p•·rel>lo to e 3;~ i ntere..t r r.te on t ho i nve s t:: 11t .m:., ce b; t h9 Govern:.cent . fer ~ ?,- ecro f ~ mste,.d the l!: nd ir.ve.;tr;,<Jr:t i s t,lu;) , ;)0 e:r;ci. r,t Z£ i nt')r ,:, st , t !1 o en:n..: cl paynier;t ir....:,tle by t he fe:.tlor fer t hia pur po~e ~ould be ~5.40 . f.'cr .:. 10-!! ~:ce f ,.,l"I:'I SWad thia );'1)'1'.tC nt ,rnuld l>e ~1a. oo • . Lr..-: t Sa~I'i ng, ~be n :1• . I rY.in '-~S advocf.ti~g the .i.{l"c ~:~d l e~~o fJl :rn , he e :::.t ibl!. r,hed the grour;d r er.tf:. l z,.t ~ . 2~ per t.cre 5;er :V.Jnth . On t hi s b ·· Bis , i his r,:--.tw,.l !:-;r o .:r,d r c :1t ,1 for t. t-acra fr.r::,:,t$~d 'M Uld be t7.e:::. I f '.?te US$ t.ha ~fa i den11;,t r:,ethod, t r-.~ tot <:> l t:, . !·1utl faP-y=1en.t r::li.de by t he CG tettl r;rll would be (564. 00 and }5;'& of t ha t i a ~141 . G·J . l.f ·,.e ueo f .22 }Or ~ere pe r w:mth cletentlned by ,~· . Indn , the tot,, l e.!n:111.- l recei p t s f -:Jr t !:ii a i,ur µc.so 'il'.:>uld be l r. r .;er . 0 ~ · · ing • - .,~., ...... '"'he .-5-:1 ,.,,.,,.d ,,.!a ~ ~' , ... , 1'r '.·,.10 e vr),, '~ 1,, .!.J.<.v t. · . ,.,,, .. -~ ( t,- ) 11.~ "e •tt;rt c:ut bY pay l r.i.tcr on, c:·,t...'1 g G fr :::-m • t 9 ;oi-~1t, tH ~i.a t o t he gT :,uncl l cc !je >1.-:n, t hen tm would ~.;. t er.1.c,.llj !'1.:d~ee t :::o c,.~t..rib11tlon fr cz.i tbo ~ -1, f~1nd. &Ld t.8 both fear i t ... ould bo diffi c.Jlt to c::·n vir:ce t h~ locr l t ;;:~i ng e ~c:.cies , �t hat tho chtnce we~ de~.: ir;_ble,, ;\t tho ~-u~e til::1:. , ~,.r10.:- the ;,:.1:~1.md .~:we pl,m., the c::n.mty '>i-. a ld col lo ct t r.xcs on t.,e (Hi cat,; of f r.r':!l i r:/rovo!:.c.L .ts i::':d the te1.1denc,1 wo:Jld. 1.UlC0ubt(.'dly be fo r t~1e county 'to r,~senG t .,o~e f l<Tm :i.m :,rov1:,;:ento .,o ".hr..t the·i 'f.vll.ld t·ece i ve in C,Jntributionz ciac! t ctes fr o111 th!e areo, ~t lcs:.:it t:2 , 0~)0.,00. If this were dono, tho t 1:n; tu..rc:icn to the h 0r.ie8 i c.!1cl0r !!l~ .;ht be c;~cof-~-ive ~ ( 4) WMle there is c ondd~I'-Rblc •r. mce:rtdnty i ri rcg.:. r-1 to ·1._.i;.t f unds- w.... ll be m~;:;e c-.vt.:!.l:: blo for r.~.--.ct t.l el.:lont r,tU'po;;e~ i n the futuxe , yet ·~ Bll k.now t bt t t.t r,m:i::;:t>r of t:i fi:C ;,r -o j e cts b,.;B either ::,£;en c ompleted or ~\re in t l~ ~ ? roccr.e of boiri::; c ,:r::,;3letoJ. . t.1 s o, the .F'cdonl Govc:rnment r.H l prob .... bly not :> b~;-:don tl:e ~e Beset t 'i.f:=r,cnt J..:r·e.a. s ~ n,1 , t hereforo , fut.uro funds will undo:lbtedly oe r.ir.de f.:.vdlable fo:.· this ;>Ul'fK) ,o . I f' the Rest.ttler::ent /ro8. 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J,. n~..lU \.•.q- 'lfY . .. - .;.<. ► · -.. • ,d ',, .. i,.I' v (5 ) .The Re~c t t lcment Ji.ct of J,;,ril 19i5 e ive2i ~uch ~i dar ;'.:i o¥ie r &cd tiuthority t hb rt 0ur htsic $.Ct::; H,~l it ro~ y "', t h.:•t ~e ~1•;;uld c-;.1;: tcrfolly ha.r,d.:i.<1np C1JI' ~t.1l vca by r:ot bd.ng ::i.'?;l a to t t:-Ce ndv;,ntogo of Rcllettle c.ent 1•,... tiotl i n._ .,) ,1,..-~ •T tr..::> R~, .,r.. .. ,,1.,,-~,,,·t .ti.r,..,,r,. __ • ~ -, ,.)..,,.. ~ t...i,, •..-' tr.••1·n ._. . -,.1 '--,.....,,_. - .... l ,.•.:.:ri<sJ;.o.,...t. Vt.)- .l~l .,J,.•...,, • ~.PV •~ \..' P.fter. cr..refuUy conddering the a: nv€ 1 !:1·. ~ne i~1~1 and I f elt ti,at liiould te on f.\UCh .. o;.mder footing i f tbe rte··ett.l e·: ent J-.r~., ~ere r,ot r:iede ~ µt, rt of t he Cu.:::.l""'·rhnd t:d, i e1 ct l 1'"orest i1t t. i-:i~ t i t::e . t'e both felt tlu..t it \':'ould be much bott<>r to . ?':~r.'ile t be 2cse ttli.::tlent ?roject for ~t l eit~t aevernl y et:.ra e.r.d in U:nt 'iit.y fir.d oat r,;ore of our d :i.ff i ~i.jl ties r.d ".t,..._.. .·ht "C".,..,'8 ,..__, ,-,. t \.,. 1.,. i "';,;.1- t- 1....... ,, .,..· i -;-i -·c, "" 7bS ~~'" Y .._. t 'l; ,._. ~~..,.. t -ti.) ~ ~ :;.:: il «.~ ~• VJ •i•s,•d'!'l -', V t.:... }l ,•..~,.,. '-' V ·,1 , -.._ ,_ e,-1 •.l """ U t ho r:d"'"•• 0 p.s rt of tho Cunbe rliiz1d ');;,Hon:.\l For.€st. I n e -.lci r~e:)ect, i:-lr. Kr.si p? et~t ed t r.r t it, ~O!.!.ld not be <:1iffL ·ilt l a ter on t o b vc tbe ?ree.tdent proclaim t hiz e. rea RB n µ, rt of the Yore st if ·e fo'1r:d that ~:.uch E:.ction ~q; denir:., blo . Yte ~ L / 'i' ,. ...,. In ·1.itr ot 'the foregoing, I r li? c o;:;c-:c.,d b::.t we do riot i tal ude t hg :-,,Jtiettl0:;;1 e.:1t .Aree in t !-ic pro;:io "'ed Cum'::>ar hnd procl.::r.:~tion. Sublimity 61/e 12£. I R;, 1 . YJJUH.:., t s.s i su.:.1t Re~ i ···n~l 1'.,ore stcr , � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Robert Foster Collins (1906-1999) was born in Lansing, Michigan to Frank Noble and Grace Foster Collins. He received his formal education in the public schools of southern Michigan and graduated with a B.S.F in 1928 from Michigan State University. In 1929 he obtained a M.F. degree from the Yale Forest School of Yale University. <br /><br />After a stint in the military and other forestry related jobs he was assigned in 1953 as forest supervisor of the Cumberland National Forest (renamed Daniel Boone National Forest in the 1960s) in Kentucky. During his tenure the Forest Service successfully resisted the encroachment of strip miners in the forest and saw the rise of an active conservation movement in the region. Most of the materials in this collection relate to Mr. Collins' occupation as a United States Forest Service administrator. Of particular interest to the researcher is Collins' research notes and draft of his manuscript on The History of the Daniel Boone National Forest. In addition, there is information about pioneer Kentucky history and material about conservation and environmental issues in Kentucky during the last quarter of the 20th century. Included is a large collection of color slides which Collins took of Winchester and Clark County historical sites and structures and of field and streams and flora and fauna of Kentucky. The papers also contain information about weapons a favorite subject of Collins. <br /><br />Only a portion of this collection has been digitized. See the <a href="https://ekuprimarysources.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/500">Finding Aid</a> for a description of the entire collection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1847-1988 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence, maps, documents color slides, photographs Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource text image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1990A005 Title A name given to the resource Collins, Robert Foster Papers Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource History of the Sublimity Forest Community Situated in Laurel County, Kentucky Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Hodges, W.E. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Robert F, Collins Papers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1947 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource report Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1990a005-b07-f04-i2 Daniel Boone National Forest Laurel County Kentucky New Deal Sublimity Forest Project