https://digitalcollections.eku.edu/files/original/241446b6c205ea523cc0aa752cf158ab.pdf ae248ccfd5c7243d71013ab3bf95f84b PDF Text Text i r age~ f[,i' . ptju ~@t;J~iers Treta f;rm~r r. )( CALHOUN, TENNESSEE ~-_, CATAW BA, SOUTH CAROLINA Publ,,ht J h II Pub l!c S<lrvk~ bv H1w ,111u•o lMd Comp,HW ,.,,d C,ll -1 wh11 Tfrnh e, (Q.rr.P• •w . 'Grow in9 .lnd e,.,.,;"!.l Putpwooct f<>t O.ow,11rc-n, RONA LD SUSTANA-EOITOR Pe ter 0. All an-Assoc iat~ Edito r l. E. Haws Jr., Contributing Editor-Catawba l'...._ ·" -,, 1 WINTER, 1966 VOL. II~ . Thi.s edition of the Bowaters Tree F cirrn er i s printed on Bowalers' .J2-Pound Cancwy News: //,, Let's save our vanishing heritage; // This is the politician's plea. And with our taxes, Government / Buys up the land-for you and me? This monolith t hat we create . By the usage of our vote, Now owns the very largest part Of the land we underwrote. - - Now we believe that parks are. ?ne Up to a certa in point; But we r aise our voices to protest When they want the whole j oint. Private land can also serve The r ecreation needs ; While paying taxes, g iving work For all our human creeds. Let's stop a nd think before we rush To sell our land to Uncle ; If not, we may wake up to find We've bred a huge carbuncle. When we no longer own t he land On which we work and play; We'll find out much too late I fear, That Freedom's now no more our way. - By Arnold Branham, Eagle River, Wisconsin, ·-- , xERO I r ··---.(OP\ --" _ �Cnu ,: .~(:r · - J c;1J rn-J.l J,<~ui: :v.LJ.J.r: 9 1.c ntu c ky '/I l<;/l G I J, .. • , • .. , • ,,, ' ... ·~·' ,, ... ' ... .. .,. ' .,· '· ... . ::.,ij~i:\' 4f\TYt,:1L\i\I .J i:. ..·'. tr.,.;;;;{c ' ·c(,itl.i.?hc,· ...., T ..\ ~ .~..... : ,1 ..., ·"""'"' · :· t~J . .. 1.... .; . -·..1 /I...-__ , , ~ ....... - . . .~ j l / .. ---- Q - \ ,r , · 1~~ 1·-_·-· ._ _...• !,. . . . . _ kJ' •.:.....,.l..-4.. _ J..,") ' -/ - - _ __ *.._ _ _ ,,, ...... ?.._... ,-. "-" _.., i ...._,1· ~-,;. ,JJ.1.- l,: ;p:1t:.:il!:~T:1.T iVB C.'lf:L P.:::~, ~l·{ISS anc: Sc,.:.'.ot ~ohn Shcrn1,:.i1 Cooner ;ire noL ,:s !a:.~.r,ar• or. ti,.! is~u·:: cf the f:.cct Hivcr D,m1 as ?l~:-. ~' ....r1·' :!s sc~n,.; to :car. 'I!1c s~nato:· h;.s .'.it' 't1:.c.,::.:~ l.1 oln::ming ::. bric:' delay in the· st: .,·~ of ,:,)1,siruc~:on at the ori::if1:\l .site, to ~i\·,) ~he Corps of Jin;;::-,ec~·s ~~1,1,.; to rc5:l!('. y a ,,)~:~:ble relocation o~ th <~am fit:e ,,' d. .{ h ali 1,1Lcs duwn:,trea m from fo e :;t:en;c r,~i:·,iC;. !,lr. Per:, ins, Y.'hO i;; inter ested in ~~rovi<.iin.~ ii• ·, ·i pr,1.e.::i:m for }1is ~a:·: ~:c.n~w.:'.-7 d1:, ~u, ~1as pro~-::~tcd .:ny delay io,· co1~:::c'.:>.:.:.1ir,p or :.not:1cr .;i: c , evc: t1 r, halt of r. lC\'.' J1', 1 t! 1:- r.s this ,:.-c.t1!ci be. ]J's ~.;·~u~U\:nt 1s tl::>t c\ \.' ·t if t :,c cn1:r..ccrs do :ir:d ~ be :::~~~·n: 1.: \..; ;ic;c:cp~ai:.lc, l'Ot::;:;rnt':ioril:,i.s sli!l \\'U !,ct 1;.:: ~·.t ti:'!'icci . " lt's :1!1 r i,\ht to comprori",iS1.," he :,, !,I, ..l 1:11.·c no i'/Jjcctior~ to that. · . ., ..!t I "A'O t!lil j1r: re · tr, ;,alld the d:-.1:1 ;w,.v. J don't thin:-: ll •,· i'lJ , H·r r c:;ulvc t he~ issue Q0\''11 them t o 1' • :::·ti.;f::dion or :tll nt'onle. The i~-.m0 is 1 ::! ,'Oin~• iO ;)C \'.'!lrthci· ·yO\• build 2. d:.ii:~ Of yo,t (:.01l°t 1) t1ild one." ~:,..;,;~or Coope r 0n t h~ other }1:a!1d thinks lh i, cr.,1:t1rc'ioi1 of ,; d;im ~1 . · :.: ::o,,, n ~l r\!a;11 :r0r.1 t:1c mor..:: !l~;-n five r,;t,ri!~ \v~:.ild he ··, ' ~~::. ,. ~;',luUon th~t r::1yone cou!d ~rt on: t:-. ~nh1~[." ~l:c dam is :)t;ilt dowastr-.;;irn," h;1: 11 . •, ·; r~. t'., " Cle -;~o:,1c ;:i ·.:1c. .;..1-.::-t wi!l di · :;,,:l !'..:od control ::nci, .if they 11c,~d ;:, ~ \':. '..:r !,: :· .,:y. At the r;t, 1:'t,, t i1 ,~c it Y:O: !ld JH't1· 7t !,:·..t::1._·,:ly nll tlH~ unh1L.c pa,t 0£ tile: Hcd !\· ~·, !' {-rOr(~{'." :1 .: . I'cr!,:ins is, 11·" :1, ;·1k, hc:t~ .~ und:il·: f··- . o( 1 " 1[ .-;ir.bt.:c. 'fha downs~rc:1m c,i::; is a ..:o:1~;,:-.:~11i.,:'l acc~1:.table to pr,:c:tic;aJJy all t'.iG c:oc .,.:::;,·'::1t:onists wi·,o h ave a rg ued ,,~ain~t tl~~ ,;,,:·,:c .-i'.l.m. This newspapc:·. ,.vhich 11-:s fo~1;,; .~ ,. i,~c:ously ior a ~-..ic:on,-:;idcr:::tion oi ti1c si' .·. wuu!<i be <:,::tc :;aw:ficd, indeed ,i:tppy , if U c; ;: reposed c·Grnpfl.)11, i:;c can t c ;·c-:t.::1cd. w :11 lia.:1 },. ~ :Oi:;tci.i . duirn::n of t ii-: Ee.iilh:1:;· sc--c:tion O!' t!ic ,Si:: rra Club, a lv:irict· in ti'. ~ f i;.On t o :·, rcr;crvc th<~ gor .~<::', says llls mC;11,!Jc,.~ find tl:c proposal :-,cccptablc. The dc!:1y thut a ~urvcy mi;;l1t (:;.w:c •,,,: ." llC' n m ~LLer {lilly o r mont hs. Tl'Jr. Corp:- n t Ln:_:incers could no( bcr;in \\'Ork ·rny,.,:a:: unt:J .T.. 1u;cy or dtci'. ils new ~i:n·cy si~oi.l,! i-.., com()lci:cd by I·,;'ay . 'l'ne project w\Jl i10'.. nCi·ci iurU.er rtuthorizati1H1 but only :'I n apprnpri.•.tion hy !i:e: 1:cxt Congr~.ss. :_ <lc:iay of at mo;:t :{ ) Car wiL 1:ot ;if:'~r .. :!HlJer oJ' t he m:.ijor pur11u1-::.-s or tbi. c,am b:,t 11.. m:-y well j)re.,c~·vc for po:;tcriiy :m i:TC-;1hc:1 ·i!hla !lcri,:-.:1e of ,rilJ bc:1uty. i1:. 1> . .~4·!~: 11., ·.:Hl Rcp:·.:-sent: 1;\'C John '.V«tts oi. Lc::in~wn, \', !.() a m t he Kcntueky prnpo,H'n1s o[ , hr ~orr·. dl~Jn ir. 1h 11 } ) 1.:r · ) iOi!~f\ ~lP't•~y ('''·1 t ·:J ' , 1~ : S,, .. ''c .. 1 '11:i1·l r.»'r , . ,, !' !·" '• ,-1·· " I. ,., 1l . · 1• ·~,, .• f"\' ·.:y ,., ,, L ·• i"h'd c-tur-n Jr1r r:".t i~,J; ,·1 h''L ). , '-' I ,1 , 'I I<,•• I• �( / ( UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT O r AGRl.::.;ULTURE FOREST S l::R V lCE Box 727 Winchester, Kentucky 40391 f3 "s, c. T. ""I. cu· 'M"" 4 3 • ...e..., fc,l1c.j "trh.\•1 -~l~tt-cd (!("~ '2510 March 7, 1969 l,M r. TTR'" . a· w. • r. o l stein, na1rman Cumbe rland Cna?ter, Sierra Club 3307 Pineneed le Lane Louisville, Ken tucky 40222 L Dear Mr. Holstein: I am pleased to acknow ledge your letter of l'farch 3, 1969. The timber sale to which you refer is one of a great many such sales now in progress on the Daniel Boone Na tional Forest. As you know, t h e National Forests are managed under the general policies and principles of the Mo..1ltiple Use Act passed by Cor.g ress in 1960. The principl'es s ta ted in that Act had been developed and implemented by the Forest Service for many years prior to the passing of that Act. · The implemen tati on of the princi ple s of this conc e pt invo l ves a detailed inven tory and evaluation of National Forest lands and resources which provides t he ba s is for the Multiple Us e Plan. This Plan deli neates, by map and narrative, the managem ent decision of the technical staff of the Nat iona l Forest. It provides the basic guide to dev~lopment and management of lands and resources of public l ands adminis tered by the U. S. Forest Se rvice. In the case of the Red Ri ver Gorge Area, the main Gorge and its tributari e s, below the cliff, are delineated in the Multiple Us e Plan for the Forest as areas of special scenic, geologic, ecologic and recreational va l ues and management prescriptions are established which will protect and enhance these values. Above the cliffs the area ::. s delineated into certain zones which prcvide for Sj,ecial management to enhance recrea ti onal developmen t, roadside and trai l side protection , special s cenic features and for m~nagement to fully utilize the t imbe r and wildlife resources and to make them fully productive . �( ( ( 2 The management decis ions invo lved i n the a reas sur rounding the Gorge have been made by professional personnel o= the U. S. Forest Service , qualified by techn~cal training and their competence proven by year s of exp erienc e . These decisions are in ke epi ng with the pro v isions and po l icies of the ~ultiple Use Act, the Multiple Use Plan for the Daniel Boone National Forest and with the principles of sound natura l resource management . The mul tipl e us e nanagement decisions, which resulted in the timber sale referred to, are in conformi cy with t he above gu idel ines . We fully recogn ize the uni que va lues in th is Gorge and its tribu tar ies, and our Multiple Use Plans provide for the protection of these values and their enchancement . The cimber sale r eferred to i s above the cliff some d istance fr om the Red River Gorge. The timber on the area was marke d, adve rtis ed and so l d to the highest bidder under our establ ished timber sale procedure. Cutting on thi s sale is now more t han half complet e . This timber sale is within the multiple use zone provid~ng for the improvement and manage~ent of the timber r esour ce . In this specific cas e the area con tained res i dual t imber remaini ng after numerous logging operat i ons and forest fire s occurring prior to the land being acquired by the Government . The timber stand was of low qual ity , defective, of poor s tocki ng and compos i tion·, and not con side r ed a desi rab le stand for management. This is t he rea son it was se lected at this time for cutti ng and regeneration whi ch will provide a new stand of de si rabl e quality, comp os i t ion and thrif t . As you know, I am responsible for the adm i nistrati on and management of the Dan ie l BoonP- Nat ional Forest. I meet this r esponsibility by managing the resources of the Nat iona l Forest in conformity with the policies and regu la tions of t he United States Forest Service. The Dan i e) Boone National Fore s t belongs to all of t he pe ople of t h e United States and the policies of it s adm ini strati on are designed to provide "the greatest good to the greates t number in the long run" . In view of th is r esponsi bility, I cannot h onor your request " that timber cu tting be sus pended i mmedi ately in the greater Gorge area pending the decision as to the ultimate use and administration of the a rea" . I have explained in the above paragraphs that this decision has be en mad~ by duly authorized National Fo re st ~dm ini strators of proven compet ence and techn i ca l ab ili ty . As always, the staff and I w!~l be glad to meet with y ou and to · discuss t he details of any Gue stions you may have on the planning and adm ini stra tio n of the l and and resources of the Daniel Boone .. �( ( 3 National Use Plan Nationa l basis of Forest . We will be g lad t o r eview with you t he Mu l tiple for the Red River Gorge and its t ributar ies and f or the Fore s t land adjacen t the reto and to dis cuss in deta il the the l and and resource canagement decisions included therein . The forthcoming recomme ndation, mentioned in the l ast par agraph of your l e tt e r, will be revi ewed with interest and be given every consideration. Very truly yours, •-{~/•; .r·~-...-.',, . /: •t- \ ' /JO ~ ....:,_,: . : ;~ .,, - ·i •' ~ .... , ,.: .. '.~· '- ;....... ·;,c'° ....··~ • ROBERT F. COLLINS Forest Supervisor l . �( I ':H·9 U. S. Forester Defends Red River GOrge Ar· ea Log · ~ · gum By PHIL NORi\TAN from the gorge, are visible from overlooks. Under the Forest Service plan, it WINCHESTER, Ky.-The National will be devoted to the improvement of Forest Service, criticized last week for unusual timber stands and wildlife habitimbering operations near the Red Ri ve t· t ats-and thus, hunting and fis hing opGorge, has r eplied that t he ac tivity is in portunities-and to the development of ~armo~y with a long-standing p olicy of hiking t rails and possibly small recreatmprovmg the natural qualities of that tional sites: scenic and controversial area. The timbering is being designed to re"We've been careful of the gorge for generate poor sections of forest and will have long-range· benefits, Collins says. 35 years," Robert F. Collins. supervisor of Daniel Boone National Forest. sa id He adds, however, that no more commerin an interview. Collins adds that his of- cial timbering is scheduled in the area f ice has e volved a plan for protecting out- during the current 10-year planning standing feat ures of the gorge complex cycle. Future cutting, he explains, probwhile earmarking peripheral areas for · ably will be lim ited to special "ruralrecreational development. r enewal" projects, s uch as wildlife clearings. . At the s11me time, Collins observes, Collins observes that timbering in the .limited commercial timbering bas been gorge area is part of a "multiple use" "continual" in national forest a,eas adjaprogram aimed at increasing all of t he cent to the gorge. The only cutting operar esources-lumber, water, wildlife, rections within t he gorge itself, he notes, reation-of the 750.000-acre national forhave been on land that. remains in private ownership. est that stretches into more thdn 20 Kent ucky counties. T~e first obj ection to the timbering, When t he Forest Sen·ice began acquirCollins says, was the· one raised last week ing the la nd in t he 1930s, he say5, it inby W. R. Holstein, chairman of t he Cumherited what was largely a '·junk" forest berland Chaplet· of the Sierra Club. Sugof stunted and low-quality trees left by gesting. a meeting a t which he savs the repeated fir es and exploitive lumberi ng Sierra Club could gain a '·full knowloperations. ~dgc" of 'forest-management policies, ColHarvesting selected stands of mature lins has rejected Holstein's reouest to trees "to get the for est into a mo re prohave the timbering stop ped until ·the ultiductive condition," the s upervisot' points mate use of the land is determined. out, his office •·supports a whole industry Collins notes that t he Forest Service up and down the forest."' Log!!i116 con- , won't be able to make detailed land-use tracts, let by Daniel Boone National Forp lans until it knows the exact location est to the highest private bidde rs . are and elevation of t he controversial Red bringing receipts of about $275,000 a . River Dam. The Sierra Club a nd other yea r, 25 per cent of which is alloted t n conservationist groups appa:rC'ntly have forest-area counti es for schools a nd won a battle to have t he clam built at a roads. downstream site t ha t would cause mini-mal flooding of the gorge. As the forest is improved by the regeneration of about 8.000 acres a yea r, Notwithstanding uncertain ty about the Colli ns says, the a\'erage annual grnwth r l'servoir, Colli ns acids, t he Forest Serof 300 to 400 board feet an ae:re gradualiy vice has been :ible to devise general classhould be doubled. sifications for t he gorge and the land Current ti r.ibcring operations in t he arour.id it. · gorge area arc on t hree main i,ltes "pre. The fr esh ti mberi ng operntions, CO\'erscribed"' by Forest R11ngc r Ro bert rn g a total of some 420 acres are in a secBrooks. The ranger, who marks the t rees tion of about 3.000 acres to 'be preserved to be cut, says t hat t he project is being and enha nced for woodland us es. carricu out chiefly to remo\·e stunted and Parts . of this a ~ea, extending south undesirable stands t hat otherwise would smother new growth. Courltr•Journal Staff Writer The timber "sales" sites, the largest amounting to 197 acres on Refitts Bra nc h, are no less than five miles from t he gorge. Brooks points out. The others a re off Rock Bridge Road and off Tunnel Ridge Road, where t he t imberin g site is broken into three separate patches. Although most of the cleared land :s hidden from motorists. Brooks acids, small sections of it arc \·isible from Tunnel Rid ge Road and from KY 715 on Refitts Branch, both leadi ng to the gorge. Adjacent Land lncludecl Any objectionable effects, such as rutted loggir.g roads and severed tree tops left on the ground, arc temporary, Brooks says. With strict control over t he loggers, he explains, he is able to order the seeding of road beds and to guard against erosion and other hazards. Beside permitting the growth of improved timber, he comments, the operation will provide needed clear ings for wildlife near t he gorge. The Forest Service officials point out t h,at the gorge- defined as an area between the cliffs aJong the North Fork ·of the Red River and several tributary str~ams--and all adjacent lands are included in a· plan e ncompassing nearly · 30,000 acres. The government-o wned land between the cliffs, they note, is off limits to development and to any .timber ma nagement other than what may be required to salvage damaged areas or to ensure safety. In addition to woodland areas like the one in which the tim bering is bein g done, the plan includes protected geologic sites such as Sky Bridge and Chimney Top Rock, protected scenic :.reas, recreation areas and travel corridors. Collins a nd his staff also look towa rc.l governmen t acquisiti on of priva te land withi n the gorge and toward substan~ial improvement of roads in the area. As one project, they mention the possibility of a parkway between th e gorge and nearby Cave Ih111 Reservoir. Such a link, they suggest. wou ld lend its elf to complcment;iry goals at the two reser\'Oirs: Intensive recrc:itional development at tavc Run and t he retention of natural values in t he Rc-d River Gorge. �I Red River Logging Stirs Conservation Dispute By l>J\ vrn ROSS STEVENS Courier-J ourn al St~ff W r iJer T he Red River Gorge i n Eastern l(cn·t ucky s eems safe from being inunda ted by a reser voir. .But now conservationists a nd timber i nte rests arc at odds over log, ging operations in the sc en•ic gorge are,a. ., , In the middle, t he U.S. Forestry Service s ays it's a r ef0..ree buffeted by two ·, <liarn r trica lJ y opposed forces. • The S ierra . Club a nd Audubon Society s ay r ecent tim be r cuttings near trails ..and scenic overlooks are d e.structivc and ·_., detract from the gorge's appeal to hikers a nd other natura lists. . . F or t his reason, the conservationist . organizations s·ay the last 70 acres of foT,.,.es t that can st ill be cqt in the gorge area ) ;µ ould be preserved. · · • - Fo:.: example, hikers were alarmed over , cu ttii:ig in Auxier B ranch near the origi;n al s ite of the proposed Red River Dam, which now is to be · buil t f urther downstream. Se ve ral hundred acres in Auxier "There is no doubt that the 100.000 acTes Branch have been cut in five s:cparat.e in the Red River Gorge area is becoming stands. T he timber company, which paid more of a recreation site. We have no-t $12,707 for the wood, completed t he four- let any limbering contracts there in 1969 ye ar contr act las t fall, according to Boone <a•nd we won't let any in 1970." Forest Director Robert Collins. Two timber sales sites-contracted A recent tour of the area shows that ear ly in 1968 and totalling about 70 acres t he loggers twice penetrated the screen -aTc still current. The J,ast tree cutting of trees betwee n the cutting and I.he near the gorge wil'1 be finished by next t rails. Without leaves on the trees the fall. A 20-acTe plot is near the Nada Tuncut areas and the leftove r treetops are ·nel· just oH T unnel Ridge Road, and a plainly visiiiJle from the trarJ.s; 550-acre area is in Fefits Branch, about 1'-text summer visitoTs Double Arch :five miles south of the gorge itself, · and Haystack Rock . overlooks will also · ' Sie1Ta Club officer CanoH Tichenor, see t he remains of the logging epe1;ation. ·Nicholsville, said tJhe U.S. Forest ry ServBill Holstein, Louisville, president of ice .s hould b!.ly up t he Temaining two conthe . Cumberland Chapter of the · Sierra · tracts from lumberman Homer Gregory ·· Club, said: "The Forestry Service refuses of Morehead, Ky. .to recogni?e wilderness ·via1uo.s . .All.l they "I know the timber in that orea is not see is the clo!Far sign." · · ·· · · · : worth much," Ticltenor said. "It's been But vie,.yed .from the longer rap.ge, the logg~d ~ver many ti.mes and· mistre~t-ed, tree-watching game i.n the Daniel Boone but 1t still has some beauty to t he hiker. Forest seems to be swin.ging toward Which is worth more, the beauty or ·the t he conservationist.,;' ·position. · ·· lumber?" · Boone Forest Director Colli115 said: Forest Ranger Bob Brooks acknowledged that tbe forest has been "a junk.' ' pile." But,' rather t han leave the forest · as it is for nature lovers, the mngers de·, · cided it was best to raze parts of it and start from scratch. · Supervisor's Offic e Daniel Boone Nat ional Forest Region 8 Tiie Courier Journal touisville, Kentucky January 29, 1970 le :, I even if the y are decaying. Old decayed t rees are worth a Jot lo insects, birds and small animals. ln other words, the whole life of the forest is involved." · Said forest di rector Co-llins: "You must bre·a k an egg to make -an omelet. What these people ( conservationi·sts ) don' t realize is that you must get sunlight on the g round for thes e young .trees to become a vigorous fores t. "The quickest way to elimina te wild- , life in a- forest is to -eliminate cutting," he said. . , Collins said that, under the Forestry Service's criteria, the Red River Gorge does not qualify as a wilderness. Besides, Callins a<lder.l, a wiklerness in the gorge. would not serve the greatest gcod to the greatest number of people . Ranger Gayle Cox, timber manager :for , the gorge area, said: "Frankly, we are in the business of producing timber. It 1 is one of our aims under law." !! . I Decay Part c,f Process ! I This policy is called ''even-aged man; · age rnent" in the foresters' tem1inology. This means that the logging company is allo wed into a s pecified area to cut marked t rees only. The trees Ieft ·s tanding then receive ·a herb icide inj ection ,at t he base of the trunk which wi'll ki11l them in a year . or t wo. As a res ul t, a new forest of h ardwood trees begins a gain from t he se cd1 ling stage. 'l'o tJhe conservationist-minded Sierra Clu bbers "eve n-aged management" is the same as devastation. ·· Said Tichenor: "The forestry s ervice has only one t hing in m.in<l- production. Cut everything completely o.ff a1s a fann er does with his crops. First corn, then plow it up, theu ,alfalfa and so on. "I would rather see the haTdwoods left .. . .. ... .~~ - -·- ------'------ - " �( ( Supervisor's Office Daniel Boone National Forest Region 8 The Clay City Times Clay City, Kentucky February 5, 1970 ' The Sierra Club and the U.S. Forestry . Service are at odds over the logging operations that have been going on in the Red River Gorge during the past few years. Again, it is the case of a group of amateur conservationists trying to tell the· professional foresters what is best for the . forest. The Sierra Club has but one plan for the Gorge and that plan is to leave it completely alone. Save the Gorge for the people but don't let the people in. No doubt one of the next moves to be made by this organization will be to prevent hunting, fishing, and camping in the area. We feel that it is time for the "silent majority" to let its voice be heard. How long are we going to let a few .radical conservationists tell us how to use our public land? We don't believe that wholesale logging operations should be permitted but we do feel that the U. S. Forest Service is more qualified to detennine what should and should not be cut. It is about time we put the Sierra Club in its place. • �( RED RIVER GORGE STUDY ,AREA Summa ry Total of 620 acres regenerated since 1964. Average of 100 acres per year. 'nle Timber Management Plan calls for 600 acres per year to have balanced stands. During the next SO-year period, the 48, 000-acre study area will have available for cutting -88.1 MMBF sawtimber 163.5 M cords pulpwood or a total of 169.9 MMBF This will be available under normal sustained yield even-aged management as set out in the Cumberland Working Circle Timber Management Plan. �SIERR A CLU B ( xxx~l l ~ . . < ~~~ r CUMBERIAND CIDiPTER '. March 3, 1969 ., Mr. Robert F. Collins, Supervisor Daniel Boone National Forest Winchester, Kentucky Dear Mr. Collins: The Executive Committee has requested that I express to you its extreme concern regarding the timber cutting activity which we discovered in the Red River Gorge are;-/of the Daniel Boone National Forest this past week. While we understand cutting is occurring in three places, we have specific reference to the area east of State Highway 715 leading to the Gorge. We are requesting that timber cutting be suspended immediately in the greater Gorge area pending a decision as to the ultimate use and administration of the area. We know, as we are sure you do, that the Gorge and the land surrounding it has a special place in the hearts of of the thousands of Kentuckians and those from other states who have responded strongly with determination to stop the threat of a dam which would flood a place described by · Kentucky's capable Senator John Sherman Cooper as "an area of unique geological and ecological characteristics. 11 We believe that many of these same people would feel strongly regarding timber cutting. We feel that, in view of the special nature of and concern for this part of the Forest, the suspension we request is justified even though the . mission of the Forest Service is multi-purpose use of lands within its jurisdiction. We recognize and appreciate your wide range of objectives as they may apply to normal Forest Service lands. You may be interested to know that the Cumberland Chapter is accelerating its efforts to define a position regarding the ultimate use, administration, and boundaries of wh9.t we hope · will remain an outstanding example of Kentuck-.r wilderness in the Red River Gorge which will attract visitors from all aver the country. We hope to submit our recommendations together with others who share our concerns. Our project leader will be consulting; with you during the course of the study. Very truly _yours {. \,_. •.'I • :1/ 1.. ' • )I .- l .'· rI ' .. ·~ r : ~ • W.R. Holstein, hairrnan 3307 Pineneedle Lane Louis ville, Ky. 40222 �,n - ---.. ~ n ) i \ -- -· f r-~.·T. ·1 I _. - J ~ v,·,, .-;: l 1 1 •··:: c S1,·;-r:i C lt, h ~nd , \rn1 Lt bc,n S oc id v - ·:~· !"~·~r nt n n~b·'r CHU in~$ nr~1r tr,l~i1S .:- . l ~CC'1: :;: r; \ t•doo>, ;ire ck,trnclirc and , "" :t\~:·t :r0 ·1 th~ ~or~1,;·s ;1ppc;1t to hike rs .... ·: o~~!c r -1~d.1.r :i! i~(s. . . l\,l' thts r ~:.~0 11, the to;1.:-:- 0rv\dinnjst . (' · ~-. ·iiza tio!lS ,;~y the 1~~t '10 ncr ,:,s of fo r. ,·. ~ ~t\d: c~: 11 s till be cul in t11e ,:;crgc t1re.1 ;. tr1:· u !),:; 1-·l'~~C l'~'t.'1<.f . ·~-·Y?~\1~.<:,:·:.,:· ~: r\·,~:l1. 1:irndru l B; ,inL"h h ..\.\' l•, 1 )1 ; h:~rs .• .• , o . . . ·. ...... ,;) ··:11! l"()'.-\v· <[,.~ """ ' P.,, l'~ ..'i t.I i_.,.... j, yp !j,. ..:~ .·n- ~. , I," ,-1. I ! 1 / ' j ,---. y,,. T,TL' ..!.J._;., .•. • U ;J ~~. L '! '.:1! Til·d 1;1\·c-r l. ;nr.~!t~ 111 Ea."fl'r n Ke!l · :,.•\y ~f'('iPS :::1 f.-, J~·f, ;n 1)cin:~ : 11u uda l cd , ., a .1·c.~t·1·,·oir. l )ut now ~: nn:--.. r\'a1iP:li;..; 1s :·. i\i t::11!)cr in [C'1'("~1-; ;i re ~l l C"d ds ci,er Jo.~!. ~ : (, p0r~1t i 1:is: i n t he ~::cntc; !~Cr ~~e <tr, :1. - L1 the m idd le, t h<) L·.~- F :1r'0~t;y s ,,n ·:,- " ~.:t::.~ i1 ·s :1 l'l' f{'r ~: ~" i.: t1 ffc ted bv lt.,o u: - ·ne~:·.lc-::P y ::,:~r11)5Cd f o tTC.) . . ,~xa:r.. .;.~ lc, --;'\ C t I ' ·. , ' ' L/, \\.} J c !,. \._}'· J .. . I · 1;y ll \ YU >;~c~~:, ~·rEYE.'\S c.-:, r:cr •J f,!_if;J;,': ) s::·, f \': r: :.:r .l: t•:· .. I , . -""\ T _!J., . • '- .. ·,_/.' !. ~.-;tlre ~Iru·1:1ccl over t:~?t~· 7:~t~~Jft , · 11 ~e r,·.~ in :\ux ic r in fi \·e :::C'p:tra{c l~td .•.: and". 'I'll . . · 1: .~ ~· , r <'il hlp.t :l.\',. '.rhich paid ~\ I:\~~,r1 t. () ~· , h ._l ·,~ \lt:d , r\) IH !lle1 cd 1llc lour. .\.tl:~r c1111l r .ie~ L:· t L~ll . ~H.·1.:urding{ to Boone F nr,'~t D iredo i' Hobert Collins. A i\ "' ,·'t. ·nt i our of {he aro. ~l :=;ho\v:; l h:tt (he l<i,,,:,•r;; l<.vice pcnd r;: k d the :-.crc<'ll o r fr'<' " -' hPl 11·c·,•;, the cu1.l i il,! :n,d t he t,. lils. i\'i1iwt,t [p ;; 1·(' ;; 0 11 t ile t rc-rs lhc l'liL :,re;i~; :ir.,! !h·~ k 1:ovc.- ln' clops :i re 11lai 11I:,' \iEi!Jl ,' from (he \r,1 iJs. ):ex!. ~ ll lllll1C l' I i,i\ors lo Double Arc-h and l!;i \ :<! :1,: ';: !l oc k ov"rlooks will also :;er. [he re1n:1ins of ihc loggiilg ope ration . B:l! Ho l:;l ,·i n, Louisvi lle, prr,;idci1t of t he. Cu111iicrl:md Clrnp lc r of Urn S ie rra Club, sa id : "The Fo;·eslry Scni cc refuses to ·.-cco1,nizc wild r nwss v•alucs." l d l Lii.::y 1 sqc is the clol!c.r sign.v · Dul 1·icwcd _from t he Jo ngcr ra n,.-re, t he tL"C<.H·,:;tching game i,1 the D:, ni,~1 Boo,1c F nr,-:- •.t ~·cr·'.1 '> th!~ to he~ ~·-:,rin..~i n;:; loy;~tL,l Ci1n~rT ·;~~f :i,n;;:! .:;' r c-·jtjnu. L'u~.: 0 F o:·; :>l Jh··~t:lvc Collii;s , _i:J : "'l'l1c· rc is no doubt thal Uie 100.000 c:~·rcs i n the ~Nl Hi':cr Gorvc area is be com ing more of a rec reation s ite. We ha1·c not le i ;111 y li mlh; rin.,: cont:·a c ts there in lOGJ'.J ;ind ire \rn n'l lc L a ny in 10'70." Two li n1ber sales s ilcs---contractcct Ntr ly in lOG:J and lo t:1 1ling .i bo ut 70 acr es -- arc ;:till cLtrrcnt. T he last tree cu lli ng 111:ar the go rge wil l be fi nished by next fa ll. A ~0-:tcrc plot is nea1· t he Nada Tunnc l· j ust o£f Tunnel Ri dge Road , an d a !350-acrc area is in Fcfits Branc h, about five rn iks soul ll or 1hc gor;;e i t scif. · · Sierra Club o fficer Carroll Tichenor .Nic hohv il!c, sa-id Lhe l!.S. F o ;_·z,~t ry Serv: ice _should buy u p thr:: re rnrcinin:; two cont r:1cts from lumb,~rman II0mc1· Grego ry of !\forehead, Ky. · · " f know t he limber in t hat ·a rea i::i not w0rt.h much," Tichenor s·aid. '·H's been logged OvC'r ma ny t imes a nd :mis!n°:itcd, lmL it still ha~ some beauty to the hiker. "\'.' h;c,ll is worth more, t he beauty or lhc k .n her?" · · Forest R;rngcr Bob Brooks ar:knov:1- !::l<Jl'~ from sccat~h. Sup e rv i sor ' s Office Da ni e l Boone Nat ional Foces t Regio n 8 The Cou t·ier Jour nal Loui s ville, Kentucky J anuary 29, 197 0 Vce;iy P :tr t. of l'roc,:ss Th is. p0Jicy is c:illcd "cvcn-a:~ctl n,a nJ ''. '-;1Jl€!lt" in the for ,isters' tcr minolo: y. ·1·;1 1s mea ns t ha t l hc logging <;om p:iny is .illn\':cd illlo a ,<;.p ~cified area lo cut n:, rk cd Lrces only. The trees !cff. staHd in:~ l hcn rccd ve . 1 !icrbiric!c inj c:d ion al Lile b:,sc o( t he tr, rn k 1•::1ic-h 1·.ill k ill t hem in a yr;,r ur ll':O . As a res ult. a n,J w forc,-t or Ji :m i,,. ,~od !rec:;. begins· .i 6 .:in from t he :·ccd ; 11r,r~ staf~C. To foe c o n~~n·:tU011 i,;l-111incl cd ;i i ,_•,·n C1n bb(;rs ,:c,·<'n-a~cd n1. an =1gc1ncnli is lhc ~,:;1,c :1s d c 1·:, s ta l io11 . Soicl Tiche.wr : "The for0<1 r v :;ci·1·i.::c: h ;, , only one 1.lii11~ in m i?,d-p1:odi•, : i,, n. C11L C\ C-ryt llin;;: cor:1plc tcly oH a fa rm e r '~"~' w ith his crop',. Fir .;t ,.-,nm, lh ~n t: lcn·,. i1. ,.), 1· .. r :1 ~~1··:1 !i~1.: 11.i ~ 1, .1. ··1 · l, ii J i 1\tl; ti:. -T ;lC:i.! 1'.1 e r·~ .~;d,~·cc . .b i,_•ft 1 a, ii/0 e ve n i( t.hcy u c de,·:.::: ng. O::! decay d tree~ arc worth a l:'lt lo in~rct.s. l;i;·rl,, :;, .! .s:11ali an im:ds. Tn ,,fiw r 1•:0:-<l,, t!lc i ':l,n c l ife o f t he fore:, l is inrn!n~d.'' Sti<l forest <lirer:tor C0llin:<: --You mu, t brea k an C.!ig to m a \e nn omelet. \\"h,,t these people (co11s0r ·, .,t:oni~t.-; ) d~,n·t 1 r ea!11-c 1:; th:>t you nrn.-;t g<'l rn n(i~h t on i Ute ~1ouncl fc,r !hc;;c young trc.:-s to 1· ~· I conic a vig o n, us fo rc:: t. "The quick est wny iO c l!l11 i1: 2Lc •; 'lrJ . life i1J a fore,t is- to cl1mi1:ate Cll t' 1p~' u (:·l~cd 1h:; t the forc:st ha ; hcen "a j unk~ p'ic." B ul, r,itht;r than lca ,·c t;ic fc ,·r-~t ;'!s it is for n~~ tu::c lovers, the ran gci·s dn. ,:,led iL was be,;t to ,a,.e p.:rls of i t a nti -rrIOI I I he sa id. . Collins sa id tha t. under t l.e For,•,t ry Scrricc':; critr.ria, tb e Ih:d Ril"er Gcr:;e .doe., not qualify a.; a wiicicrn c$;-. '. 'cs ide:;,. Cc-llins .adde d, a w ild,?n i.,~:; i n the gorge. 11·ould not serve ih;:- gn:,a(est good to I.he greatest numbe r of people. R,rn gcr G:iy lc Cox, tin: 1)er managcc fe r the gor ge area, s:-iic! : '·Yr:: nkl:,-, \•:e ~re fo t.he business of producing ti~1c::r. It ' .is one of our ain~s unckr law." . · -- -- - �-. : RED R IVtk t- I C l ~4 -j ( ·I l NATIO!\AL FLOOD CONTROL POOL ' Creek I I LEGEN D / , I NOTE: U.S. PR OPERTY 3. 225.00 ACR ES (FEE) (EST 200.00 ACRi S FLOWAGE EASEMENT (EST.) SCALE IN I EET , 0 3000 c=:=::;-;:, 6QOO I E I RED RIVER, KY. REJ? _Rl1VER LAKE LA~E AREA LOU ISVIL~E. KY. DISTRICT SCALE AS SHOWN 30 JUNE 1970 �RED RIVER F/C 194-6 I ( ' AREA IN HUNDRED ACRES 760't - - - - -- -_j en :E I - -----,'"---- - - - -- - ( - - - ->.c--- - -- - -- - ~ ------l >- LU LU ..... ~i--- -- --r--- - - -- - -- -- - - - -- - - ----:.....:- - - - - - ----1 z 0 ;::: ~ ....J LU 720t---- - r - - -- -- - - - - - -- - - - -- -- - - - ----->,,------ - -----tl C 6801H-- - - -- - - - - - - , - - -- - -- - - - - - - - - - -- -- -- - - - - -'\---t 660'~ 0 --~ 20,----t.40. - - - - ;6~0 - - ~ 80,----:-:! IO:-;:-O---,.12~0- - ~ 1 4:::-0 ----:-;16:-::0 - - - - :1~80,-----2 :::-:!:0~0 - ~ 2~20, - - ~2~40,-----::2~6 1 CAPACITY IN THOUSAND ACRE-FEET 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 CAPACITY IN INCHES RUNOFF RED RIVER, KY. RED RIVER LAKE POOL DATA LOUISVILLE, KY. DISTRICT SCALES AS SHOWN 30 JUNE 1970 ( �RED RI VER F/C 194-5 (, ( NATIONAL FLOOD CONTROL POOL LEGEND ES (FEE) (EST NO:\ROPERTY 3, 2Z\O~:;:MENT (EST.) U. 0· 0 ACRES FLOWAG 200. SCALE IN FEET JOO 6000 9000 RED RIVER, KY. ED RIVE.R LAKE R - - LAKE AREA LOU ISVILLE, KY. DISTRICT SCALE AS SHOWN 30 JUNE 1970 �"'d • : . ( . \at • . -r,)1~ ~ERT f . COWNS PERuNENT DATA AND PLANS CONSIDERED RED RIVER LAKE RED RIVER, KENTUCKY FOR PUBLIC MEETING AT STANTON, KENTUCKY 14 JULY 1973 U. S. ARMY ENGINNER DISTRICT LOUISVILLE CORPS OF ENGINEERS P. 0 . BOX 59 LOUISVILLE, KENTUCKY ... �PERTINENT L~HA ,pec1 General The Red River Lake project was authorized as a part of the Flood Control Plan for the Kentucky River Basin adopted by the Flood Control Act designated as Public Law 87-874, approved on 23 October 1962. Implementation of the project is under the jurisdiction of the District Engineer, Louisville District, Corps of Engineers, P.O. Box 59, Louisville, Kentucky 40201. . Drainage Area {u, rea• Red River has a drainage area of 487 square miles of which 235 square miles are above the damsite. Project Purposes and Benefits The project plan as proposed will serve purposes of flood control, municipal industrial water supply, general recreation the · preservation and enhancement of fish wildlife resources. the and and and The purpose of this public meeting is to assure that all social, economic and environmental factors will have been considered and weighed in a systematic and interdisciplinary approach so that total public interest will be accommodated by the decision making process, and to inform all concerned interests of the proposed plan being considered, the environmental effects of this proposed action, and the measures that will be taken to eliminate or reduce these effects. Operation of the reservoir for flood control would reduce the stage of a flood equal to the February 1962 flood at Clay City by about 5 .9 feet. This flood stage reduction would have resulted in dollar savings, on the reach of Red River from below the dam · to the Kentucky River, of $377,000 if computed at 1972 price levels. Additional beneficial effects would also be realized on the Kentucky River below the confluence of Red River and on the Ohio River below the Kentucky River. Following this public meeting, a review of comments obtained will be made and the District Engineer wilJ complete the final environmental impact statement on the project. All pertinent comments from all interests reviewing the draft environmental statement and received at the meeting will be incorporated into the statement and it will then be transmitted to the Division Engineer, Ohio River Division, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for review. Upon completion of this review, it will be forwarded to the Chief of Engineers for further review. From the Chief of Engineers, it will be transmitted to the Secretary of the Army who will submit it to be filed with the Council on Environmental Quality as required by the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969. The project will provide storage to insure a dependable municipal and industrial water supply of 65 million gallons a day which will help provide for the water supply requirements of a substantial portion of the Kentucky Bluegrass area. The project will also provide facilities for recreational opportunities including boat launching ramps, camping areas and other related facilities necessary to assure adequate public access and to accommodate the increasing public demands for boating, picnicking, etc. These facilities will be planned and developed in a manner that will be compatible with the primitive nature of the area. Increased opportunities for fishing as well as for preservation and enhancement of the fish and wildlife resources will be included. Location The damsite is located on the North Fork of Red River at river mile 42.3, about six miles east of Stanton, Kentucky. When impounded, the sustained pool of the lake will extend upstream from the dam about 15 miles and will cover portions of Powell, Menifee, and Wolfe Counties. ·l The project plan has been formulated in coordination with state and Federal agencies to alleviate present and future water related problems. The Commonwealth of Kentucky has indicated its intent to sponsor the provisions for water storage space for municipal and industrial water supply in accordance with the 2 �the existing river chann'el. Water Supply Act of 1958. Under present planning, it is expected that jurisdiction of essential project land not needed for operation purposes will be transferred to the United States Forest Service under the tenns of a Memorandum of Understanding between the Forest Service and the Corps of Engineers. Under this agreement, the Forest Service will have the responsibility for the development and operation of all recreation lands and facilities. Relocations Present planning will require relocation of about 2.5 miles of state roads and 320 graves. It will also result in the abandonment of 18 miles of power lines and 6 m.iles of telephone lines. Lands Project Description Lands Sediment Reserve Winter Drawdown Pool Water Supply Pool Flood Control Pool Elevation Capacity Area (Feet MSL) (Acre Feet) (Acres) 683 698 703 759 11,757 29,163 36,531 167,814 be required in fee. title for elevation of 764 feet msl, which allows a freeboard of five feet in elevation above the flood control pool or to a line measured 300 feet horizontally from the water supply pool elevation of 703 feet ms!, whichever is greater; (3) selected sites adjacent to the lake area to meet present and future public requirements for project associated outdoor recreation. Flowage easements in lieu of fee title will be required in all significant tributaries off of and upstream from the water supply pool. Reservoir Pool will (1) the dam, spillway, construction areas, and access roads; (2) the lake area up to an The following data concerning the project features have been developed by detailed studies completed to date. 915 1,39,l) 1,546 3,177 Environmental Considerations Dam The dam will be an earth and rock fill structure with a crest length of I ,800 feet and a maximum height of 141 feet with the top elevation being 786 feet above mean sea level. Spillway The spillway will be an uncontrolled open cut through the left abutment. The bottom width will be 320 feet and the spillway crest will be protected by a concrete sill for its entire width. Crest elevation will be 759 feet msl. Outlet Works The outlet works will consist of a nine foot wide by 13.5 foot h.igh oblong shaped concrete conduit through the dam. Included in the outlet works will be an intake tower structure with control gates at the upstream end, a stilling basin at the downstream end to prevent erosion from discharges and approach and retreat channels connecting the outlet works to 3 1 Construction and operation of the Red River Lake project will provide benefits from t1ood control, water supply, general recreation and fish and wildlife enhancement. Flood damage reductions to lower reaches of Red River will improve environmental conditions for those people living downstream from the dam in areas adjacent to Red River and the Kentucky River. The storage in the lake for water supply will mean a supply of water would be available toward meeting future needs of the Bluegrass area. The Jake will also provide general water related recreational opportunities and will effect a net benefit to the fish and wildlife resources of the area. The project as currently planned will inundate 1,546 acres presently in agriculture, woodland and residential use and will eliminate 15 miles of free flowing stream along with its natural streambank cover. The impoundment will alter the ecosystem in and adjacent to the stream resulting in adverse impact on some species of fish and wildlife. The impact of 4 �periodic flooding on the vegetation and animal populations cannot be specificaUy identified bu t it is expected that some of the existing herbaceous plant materials will be eliminated or substantially altered . In addition, it is concluded that the effects of periodic flooding and the effects of a large body of water on temperature , growing season, relative humidity and soil moisture may have some effects on the vegetation of the area. The intrinsic values of the remote nature of the area would be somewhat affected by the p roject. Specific attention has been given in the formulation of this project to the preservation and management of the existing natural and unique environment of the upper Red River Gorge area. At the same time, it is recognized that enhancement can be effected through the provision of water-land contrast and a complimentary recreation development plan. In the planning and design of this project, an attemp t has been made to achieve the project objectives with a minimum effect on the ecosystem of. the upper gorge area. The project will leave free from inundation all natural arches and .other geologic phenomenon. The white water in the upper gorge will not be significantly affected by the project. The wilderness setting typified by the quiet valleys, vegetation and notable geologic features in the upper gorge will be left substantially intact and the project lands surrounding the lake will have highly controlled access and limi ted recreational development in harmony with this kind of setting. forest and agricultural land, and 15 miles of free flowing stream with its associated wildlife habitat. In addi tion, an outstanding natural area would be affected by the groject. The committment of labor and material resources associated with the constructi6n and operation of the project would also be irretrievable. A draft environmental impact statement for Red River Lake will be available on 25 June 1973, and a copy may be obtained by writing to the District Engineer at the address on the front of this brochure. Those having a direct interest in the project will be furnished sufficient copies of the draft environmental impact statement for an adequate review. Additional copies of the draft statement will be available at $2.50 which covers the cost of printing. Estimated Costs The current estimated cost of the Red River Lake project is $27,600,000, based on 1973 price levels. The authorized Red River Lake is an alternative to a previously authorized upstream site. The lower site was selected after much debate and deliberation as to the best site to meet tangible needs such as flood control, water supply, and recreation, while minimizing the detrimental impacts on the environment of the gorge. The irreversible o r irretrievable committment of resources if the authorized project is constructed include the loss of 1,546 acres of 5 6 �? ( ( FROM: Howard G. Hyers WOODR.E SS & MYERS, I~C. 304 West Liberty S treet Louisville, Kentucky 40202 Telephone (502) 583-4431 FOR IM.MEDIATE RELEASE ~~ovember 7, 19 7 3 KENTUCKY FORESTRY .COUNCIL FOR: OPPOSITION TO MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR D.Al'J IEL BOONE NATIONAL FORES1' ' LEXINGTON, Ky. -- The former supervisor of Danie l Boone Nation al Forest has taken issue with plans to ·withdraw nearly 26,000 acres of a proposed Geolgical Area within the tract from the growing a nd harvesting of hardwood timber . Robert F. Collins of Winchester, who retired in July of 1970 after a 40 - year career with the u: s. Forest Se rvice, told the Kentucky Forestry Council mee ti ng here that such action would be "a clear violation of the intent of Congress" in establishing the national. forest system . ( Collins, who directed management of the 624,668 government-owned acres within the reservation for more than 17 years immediately prior to h is retirement , said that virtually all legislation s ince the enabling Act of June 4 , 1897, "has uniformly emph as ized " timber g r owing and harvesting " as a primary function of nationally-owned timber land." " There appears to be little or no justification, " he said , "to delete 61 per cent of the 40 , 000 acres within the propos ed Geological Area from the multiple - use manage~ent of its vital-' and valuable timber re so urces." - - --more - --- �( .> KFC NATIONAL FOREST ( add 1 ·, Under the terms of a proposed statement of management prepared by the present administrative staff, sustained-yield growing and harvesting of timber would be banned on selected acreage within the Geological Area. Collins insisted, however, that management of this land for timber production "will not impair the geological features contained therein or the public enjoyment of them. Multiple-use management, by definition, will proyide. for their protection. "The contributions of a planned silviculture program to the delicate balance of wildlife habitat, recreation and aesthetic values is well recognized," he said. He pointed out that the proposed Geological Area is the latest in a series of moves to set aside "great chunks" of land within the national forest for special-purpose use "as opposed to management for the benefit of all." He said proposals "in hand, if adopted, will ban the application of proven principles of forest management and conservation on nearly 100,000 acres within the tract . " In detail, h e cited: Set aside -- 1393 acres including 258 acres in the Yahoo Falls Scenic Area near Stearns; 945 acres in the NaturArch Scenic Area on the McCreary-Pulaski County line and 190 acres in the Rock Creek Natural Area near London . ----more---- �I ( KFC NATIONAL FOREST ( add 2 Set aside pending land-use decision -- a maximum of 56,500 acres including 40,000 acres in the Red River Gorge Area and 16,500 acres in the Beaver Creek Area. Set aside pending legislative decision -- a maximum of 7300 acres in the proposed Pione2r Weapons Area in Bath and Menifee Counties. Proposed -- a maximum of 28,400 acres including 25,000 acres on the Big South Fork of the Cumberland River and 3400 acres in the Yellow Cliffs Area. "It is doubtful," Collins concluded, "that ~.we can afford to remove nearly 16 per cent of the land within the Daniel Boone National Forest from the multiple-use management of those resources that contribute to its greatness. Cer- tainly we owe a high level of excellence in stewardship to the generations that will follow." ----30---- �Rill RrJER GORGE • STI LL E!IDANGERED The proposed dam on Kentucky •s magnificent Red River Gorge conti nues to rank as the most illlllled• iat.e and challenging issue that we face. The Army Corps of ~ngineers has announced plans to file its Environmental Impact Statement with the Council on Environmental Qua l ity on March 15th. Permission to start land acquisition and construct,ion will come shortly after - the bulldozers will be ripping in August . The Red River area is one of the most striking and unique areas in the eastern United States - rich i n beauty and scientific interest. It is a l and of natural arches and sandstone bluffs, more abundant than anywhere else but the Utah desert. '!'he river i tself is a beautif ul, narrow, boulderfilled whitewater stream above Skybridge, and a broader, more gently river of boulders and pools below. ! ts waters are so undisturbed that it is vi rtually t he l ast remainin~ stream containing all of the fish s pecies native to the Kentucky river system. I t 's wildflowers conatin in relative abundance species considered rare eleswhere, and its .forest is the most represe ntat ive remaining of its type. It "is the only place wher e today an ecologist can see the saqi"ience of communities f r om the beech consociation of the valley flat, t he rich mesophytic forest of the slopes, the gradual change to a mesophytic forest in which chestnut was a constituent, to the s haded cliff-faces with their characteristic rock-crev i ce s pec ies ; and far above at the cliff ·marP,i.n, the fringing pine forest on the shallow sandy soil". Elsewhere only isolated fragments of this f orest can be found, not the continuous inter-related succession found here. (Dr. F:. Lucy 'lrown in Sept. 1970 Ohio Chapter bulletin) The Corps would have us believe tr1at tile environmental impact of the dar~ would be insignificant; tha t tlle dam would even result in a visual illlprovenentl What dama r(e and destruction would the dam really cause? <"lone would be the fish populations found there now - in the silted slack water that res1Jlts would be la Ke species already present in abundance in the many Kentucky impoundments. Gone would be tho clear, clean white-water section below the Rou,•h in the Upper norr,e; in its place would be the debris and clutter that occurs at the heads of slackwater pools subject to flooding. 0one would be the river-to-ridp,e succession now found only here; even temporary floodinp, above the 7n.o foot level will destroy that ecosystem. And gone would be the spectacular wildflower cor.imunities and displays found along the valley bottoms and roadsides; in their place we will have the "visual enhanceme nts" of what the Corps admits will be "large contip;uous mud flats" or "small dispersed mudflats"- "a visual and olfactory problem" according to one Corps study. Imagi ne if you can Wolfpen and Gladie creeks as mudflats, or the Douglas trail denuded of its wildflowers, with mud flats and lake grasses in the i r place. Governor Wendell Ford has yet to take the decisive action that Georgia's JiJMly Carter .took in halting the Corps Sprewell Bluff project, or t hat Governor Gilligan took in halting all Corps projects in Ohio not already under construction. Nor has Kentucky Senator Huddleston taken a stand aga i.nst the dam. President Nixon in 1969 said that "the determined efforts of t he conservationists to keep the Gorge from flooding has served to keep the Corps proposals under c ontinued scrutiny". '.;ontinual, perhaps, but not close enough! Letters and conunents to Governon Ford - and just as importantly now to Senator Marlow Cooke of Kentucky - are very urgently needed: there have actually been more letters supporting the dam than opposing it. If you have writt en, wr ite again: a form letter res pons.e does not i nd i cate that the Gover nor has placed t his project in its proper perspective. The natural Red River Gorge is a far more i mporta nt asset to Kentucky and to us all than the dalllllled Red can ever be. AN "rn" rnNING The date of our March meeting has been changed to permi t us to schedule and exceptional and timely speaker. Mr. Wendell Flerry of the English department of the University of Kentucky, and author of 6 volumes of poetry, a book of essays and two novels, including "The Unforseen Wilderness", dealing directly with the Red River area, and still finds time to serve a Vice Chairman of the CU!llt>erland Chapter of the Sierra Club. He is also an agriculturist and proponent of conservation practices in farming. He has been a prime force in the effort to preserve the Red River Gorge, and can be expected to present an interesting and instructive evening. As usual, the place will be the Avon Woods Outdoor FAucation Center, at 4235 Paddock Road. The fact that we cannot give the topic of our April meeting at press time is not related to the date. Call Jim Moffet if you don •t want to be surprised, but you won't be fooled. �p_-..-·-- . ... . ... -... - .. ,·' 7 f230 1\ ; '/~ ' . ~ ·-· ~ 1170 .,. . 1 . f I I0 -. -: en. 1050 E .. \ ,, I Nada Tunnel -~·~ ,,, ,\ ·. . ,/ \ ~ 990 0 ..0 . 0 >:- ·Rock Bridge ID 930 Q) ,.,._ C 0 . ( "-··· \ -..,,_ Red Byrd Arch j! 87Q ( Approved Dam / 0 > (l) 8 10 · · ' · 750 · ' I 1 Seasonal Pool - Ela~v. 767j, . · ' f I / 1 690 L :____....----------------!......--------------. .... fm----------- --- --- ~ _---_ · · RED RIVER RESERVOIR APPROVED DAM ,SITE ( ="=55=-------"----6~0--'---'----'-...---'--6--l-5----L---I I -· . . __ t. 6 3 04~0-----'-----'-~.---;145:;;--L.....-.,__...__~5=1:0~-&.--....:...1--1 .. . -:;~~~~=======·Vo°c 1 - - - - - - - - - ------1- - - - -~ _:_:= = r= ·1 _..,--, ......._........, . ------ --··-·-... .. (Hunter's) · I = ! r 1 11S 1 fl\N,~ j : ' , l ! '( ! • Moonshiners Arch ----- ---~ Flood Co~~~!r !.:_ ! ~i>•· 807~:Z-----~ w . ! . r . '''Jl'•' I ~ f.~ . 11 Site / ;:;;;i,r7fr;;, Miles Above Mouth of . Red River ' ,.. I �DANIEL BOONE NATIONAL FOREST I I I ( e,, ... I ( ,' ( ' ... \ LEGEND NM LICKING RIVER, KY. Considered Rel oca tions Considered Acce11 Roods Considered future Acceu Roods Roc rootion Aroos Proj cl lC1nd: N ct: on!' t fcrc ; t l o1 t 1 $(All IN Mil I $ 9.-L J 3 CAVE RUN RESERVOIR RESERVOIR AREA LOUISVI LLE, KY. DISTRICT 1 - ---- -· - ------- .-~.."". .,,.: ,. L ( REVI ~ �I ( • I, ~ll.TIJllAl [IRl!;CG 2 . ::MhJ GAP 3. TV/IN ARCHES (2) 4 . \'i!ll'fE t>l1A,KH 5 . WHITHETO:-i·s Df<A1':CH 6. Sit VER MINE 7, AUrSPf.:UNG 8. ROCK DiVDG!: ? . r.w 1:. :~.D 10. GS/LE ,\ ·~t ~..... ---~~. '.:i"',:°'· \ '>I·- -· .• •. ..,.,,..) I\' • \ ,...:. ....,._~·~ .. \ 11 . s:~Y ~:::co2 12. P~n--;ccss ,, I,, ; ( ' / I .I l'i. 1;1..,;/.,: ll,. ,:::, i~(.,, l 17. G~· ,":., f:P.AN CH HJ. nr... :J~~L.: , .. ACH J~. s·~:. R G.\P 20. ; lM;A I· ;,CHES (3) 2 l. 1,.C ;,;,rsc.,, i 22 . . ,.IGtt. \'/JND OWS 23. C/·.'·t' CAVE A RCH U , CM,:t..:0 25. \ 1/ . iiSiL; 'iG 26. f«OCrJ;.HIN f R'S 27. GRANT'S 13. HAtF A'. OON 14. l trORD _, / / \\ J / I ,// j / ®® @\ . I" I / ,,.--,,-· APPROX!.\\ATE UPPER LIMITS O F SEASONAL VI ATER 1/vVOJNDMENT POOL ViPROVED SITE) \ @.' , '\ '~ I ·1 0 '""\ I.e.\ ~ NATU~A!. B!:WG-:! ij 0 APP ROXIMATE UP?ER LIM!T OF FLOOD-CONTROL POOL (APPROVED SITE) I\ . ~, ..:.:.z t._:. A.!'?~OX!:'..lATI: U?f~~ Ut:'Jrs c:= r-tOO'.)~Cc~-.rr:-:ot POO!. (AU:::~.:,rn.Tk: Sl7E} \ P:'-.'~J( > . ' ...~ \..~ .c ·.:~ ~ \ \ 'NATER IMPOUNDMENT NADA TUNNEL lf{1 St<Y BR!DGE C /·!/ M /\/P/ TOP ROO< r ~ -- -- - - - -- - - - - - - - - APPROXIMATH Y 25 , M ILES APP~ovm ALTERNATE DAM SITE DAM 511£ ~ r~ ; I · f; - - - - - - ' FLOOD -CON TRO L POOL (AP PROVE D SITE): a . ~. - ARCH p . 1 _ _ fl.OONS.YiN::R'S - - , ,• ··, -, ·': _ ELEVATION 807 FEET . - u _ ,, - -- - - -- - - -- - - - - - - - - . -----~ ~ SEASONAL POOL (APPROVED SITE): ELEVATION 767 FEET FlOOO-CONTllC.', POOL (ALTE:lNATE SHE}: a~VAT!0,'>l 70.: F:;zr fj _ - - / - - - ·=- .. ~ �KtU KIVtt-< LAK t , KtN I UCKY 1-/C 194 ( TENTATIVE LOCATION OF LOWER DAM SITE. �RED RIVER F/C 194-2 I ( ! ( OHIO Cl') C, z VICINITY MAP SCALE IN MI LES 0 50 100 -=-=- 200 ( STATUS Work nQt started PLAN -- SCALE IN FEET 0 300 600 900 OPERATING TOWER DOWNSTREAM RANDOM FILL CONCRET( CONOU IT SECTION ALONG CENTERLINE OF OUTLET WORKS r-~ 100 SCALE IN FEET 150 RED RIVER, KY. RED RIVER LAKE LOUISVILLE, KY. DISTRICT SCALES AS SHOWN 30 JUNE 1970 �RED RIVER F/ C 194 -3 ( ( RED RIVER LAKE, KENTUCKY ( Condition of Improvement, 3.0 June 1970 Summarized Data Location: The damsite is on Red River, about 42 . 3 miles upstream from its confluence with the Kentucky River. It is about 4. 3 miles northwest of Slade, Powell County, Kentucky. Authorization: The project was authorized by the Flood Control Act approved 23 October 1962 (Public Law 87-874, 87th Congress). Project Features: The lake will operate primarily to reduce flood stages below the dam in the Red River and Kentucky River Valleys and in conjunction with other lakes, as a unit of the comprehensive plan for the Ohio River Basin. Storage for water quality and water supply are included in the project plan, Multiple-Purpose Project: Counties affected: Powell, Menifee and Wolfe Counties, Kentucky . Operating Levels Pool Minimum Conservation Flood Control Total Storage Elevation of Pool 688 688-7,03 703-755 755 Capacity (Acre-Ft.) 25,800 36,700 118,100 180,600 Area (Acres) l.._ 180 1,950 3,450 3,450 Drainage Area: Drainage area above dam - 235 square miles. Dam: Type Maximum height Length Rock & earth fill 150 feet 1,850 feet Spillway: Uncontrolled open-cut spillway through left abutment with a crest elevation of 755 feet. �( Progress: }?reconstruction engineering a.nd c.h, sign s tudie s continue d.. Cost Data: .C :.:-: ·~:i;.1:.1 J1:-d F\« i.-,·,-;~1 C r, s't ( J. <)7;)} Estil:nat:c. d Non-:F·,,·dc:):r ;:i.1 Co .r;t ( J. 'fl J } Estimated P rojec t Co st ( 1970) Federal Costs to 3 0 June 1970 Federal Net Allotments to 3 0 June 1970 ~;l'?,t.6P, __} ., 6. 40, 2. 0, 900, 816~ 1,399 , I 000 ~ 0 00 000 .500 000 C �River Complex 1. Reservoir Area 2. Key Area 3. Additional Area ) = 2 , 200 A. (Pool above upper = 2 , 500 A. = 16 , 800 A. (Protection & Enhancement a) 12,400 b) 4,400 Within Forest Boundary Outside Present Boundary Estimated Cost To acquire a l l of the above land will require condemnation . Past leas t 50%. It is es t imated that condemnation will be requir ed 50% of 1) Res . Area 60% of 2) Key Areas 40% of 3) Additional Areas = = 1 , 100 Acres 1,500 Acres = 5,000 Acres Negotiated Cost Condemnat i on Cost 1) Reservoir Area 1,100 X $150 = $165,000 1,100 X $225 = $24 7 ,500 2) Key A:c:ea 1,000 X $150 = $150 , 000 1,500 X $225 = $337,500 3) Additional Area 11 ,800 X $ 80 = $944,000 5 , 000 X $120 = $600,000 Totals $1 , 260,000 Total land cost - Red River Complex= $2 , 445,000 Possible (Corps Acq . ) 2 , 200 Acres= $412 , 000 $1,185 , 000 �...,; ,. ( ' f. ( ' ''h'I..;,.. . Planned 5- Year LWCF Funding Level fo r DBNF • . 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 Total 580,000 580,000 580,000 580,000 580,000 $ 2 , 900,000 $ Red River would requi re all LWCF for the next 5 years , except approxi mately ,, $500 , 000 . Red River Accomplishment & Planned FY 1970 = = = 300 Acres Pur chased 250 Acres Optioned (Key Area ) 300 Acres Offered = 1500 Acres Planned (Key Ar ea) = 2000 Acres Planned �Scenic Red River Gorge Land of Natural Bridges DANIEL BOONE N~fc»U6t Kentucky ti\.. ( p · U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE �To Frenchburq Job Corps Conser'lotion Ce(lter "' 3 Mil•• 4- ~•'-" • tt-c.• • .,.... ',c.•\.··· ~COURTHOUSE ROCK ~ IN DIAN STAI RWA'i' ~\-1. - ) ',HAYSTACK RrOC \ \ RAVEN ,. ! II I/ I ' ROCK , ' / I, a DOUBLE , , ARCH J I ,.,. .... , 11 , 2 3 / l ,,~~ . <. , , ~ ~t SCENIC RED RIVER GORGE in the DANIEL BOONE N~f01.f4t 1/2 lj ,' ~ -,~ ' - -, SCALE IN MIL ES 0 I 1' I\ ' J '1 , .. - ,,' I I • I I STAR GAP ARCH ' RED BYRO~ ·~, I SLADE TWIN ARCHES • • SANO GA P ARCH ( < . _,; · ' ) T R A 11 s NAME DOUBLE ARCH riJMBER ~ ·-.....,_ o,1Les> 202 2.4 203 204 0.8 ) 205 206 0.3 TOWER I.I 0.4 PAR "\ 1.0 AUXIER BRANCH AUXI ER RIDGE GRAYS ARCH 7 LENGTH COURTHOUSE ROCK I -~ NATUR~ BRIDG ST E (° I ,.....,.__ r j ( \ • , NAT URAL BR IDGE OF KENTUCKY / j / • NATURAL STONE ARCH wl SCENIC OVERLOOK • POINT OF INTEREST AOCK BRIDGE 207 WHITTLE TON 8RANCH ANGEL WINDOWS 216 2 18 1.9 0 ,3 A SWIF T CAMP CREEK 219 6 ,7 lillJ TRAIL NUMBER KOOMER RIDGE 220 2 .2 @ STATE ROAD NUMBER ROUGH PINCH-EM-TIGHT SILVEAM IN£ ARCH BUCK RUSH RIDGE WILDCAT I 22 1 8,4 223 225 1.8 226 1.5 227 228 1,0 I I 1,0 ,., NATIONAL FOREST PICNI C AREA TRAIL NATI ONAL FOREST ROAD e WHIT E'S BRANCH ARCH STATE ROAD (PAVED) MOUNTAIN PARKWAY { TOLL ROAO) , NATIONAL FOREST L ANO J �f GEOLOGY Time and weather worked together to form our Land of Natural Bridges. The base is provided by rocks formed more than 250 million years ago. The rugged, scenic beauty seen by hikers and motorists in t he R ed River Gorge Area is the result of millions of years of weather bringing physical and chemical changes to the rock formations. ~•~~ r 'fi,~.-e are about 20 natural stone arches in the Red River Gorge Area of the Daniel Boone National Forest. These include colorful Sky Bridge and Rock Bridge, the only natural bridge in Kentucky under which a stream (Swift Camp Creek) flows. More than 12 other arches can be found on private land within the area. Those interested in the geology of the area may write for a list of available books from: Kentucky Geological Survey University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky 40506 HISTORY Pioneers mov ing through the ·wildern~ first saw the Red ~ t . : Gorge near the erffl! of the 18th Century. Daniel Boone traveled into this region of Kentucky bur records tell little of his exploration of the Red River. Foot trails, wagon roads and a logging railroad were the only means of entering the upper part of the Red River for many years. It was not until the I 920's that automobiles could get into the area. The logging railroad's Nada Tunnel is still in use, this time by automobiles. T he old railroad bed is now State Highway 77. More than 35 miles of trails go into the forest. Motorists can see rock formations that remain from bygone days by following the loop formed by State Highways 15, 77 and 715. National Forest protection and management keep much of th.t> ".l l~~,:a l11(' t ":11: ft "47':>C ·,;,::,O')t"C ')n-1"\ �Vicinity Map LOCATION MAP N • FACILITIES and ACTIVITIES CAMPGROUNDS Koomer Ridge Recreation Area, with 41 campsites and 13 picnic units, serves the Red River Gorge Area. It is just north of the Mountain Parkway on Kentucky H ighway 15 -leave the Parkway at Slade or Pine Ridge Exits. Koomer Ridge is a U.S. Fee Area. EDUCATIONAL TOURS From June through August the Stanton District Ranger arranges motor tours and hikes through the gorge area. A Forest Service naturalist goes on all tours and hikes to help visitors understand geology, plant and animal life and the work of the U.S. Forest Service. FOR MORE INFORMATION WRITE TO: DISTRICT RANGER U.S. FOREST SERVICE STANTON, KENTUCKY 40380 �\ \ :e?. ti?J C/s .,t?,v el' ~H(2 t;i,ye 7(~ '""' ~ /e C .o.f- -f-hrt r'l~u/t Dvt frtJ rU.s'c /V\vc/vflttterl'I- r ~t ti.4ci QuM~et-la~'-Ci _Qhopfet.._ df fttt ~,'lrt-a 0/vt i1-1 'f"J,e '3-cl P.v,1· '2>a1tt -C•-1tt.-iro\f(l.~.r-y -:/-he,_f._ CJ".Ja vi ,;,,,J.:,o, ..,e ,I f/,,e qs:.su +,,, t Uc:tH/€ / ,eo O " "- }/,:,-/.,a'..,,.. , f u, /., i-.. o-f. Qd,,.,.;il'l,:sfrr:1'f/otA. 1ArlJ, Qc ?ivtf,·e ~, I f T'b +,~/,.fl" 0,,. 9 ct V0 r r1 »1 e I~ 0~ q w,1-s~, •~ .:s::; ~1t-tc«vif oH.~r Qf:.J,:,n·t,·f°.s. H {..__(;) -W YI. .IH /=qJ.rcHsrr /9,'/ ,/J,(! J:dt"• \t-1et,tbrr o; t\.ie ,x,cv\.,v~ 'W~tH ,.,, d~ . 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WHEREAS residents and landowners in the 40 miles of the Red River Valley . between Bowen and the junction of the Red Riyer with the Kentucky · .niver . have pet1 t loned their Congressional rep·reseritati ves for· many years for action to protect this valley from the freq~ent floods which have destroyed crops and property, and WHEREAS the Federal Government responded to this plea by a detailed study by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers of the watershed and the development of a plan for a flood control dam in the lower gorge of the Red River within the Daniel Boone National. Forest, and -" • WHEREAS public protest against the dam by the Sierra Club, the National Audubon Society and other environmentally-oriented groups, resulted in .. the selection of an alternate dam-site downstream from that originally selected by the Corps of Engineers, and Wlfr:REAS a dam at the alternate site presents many objectionable features, amoung which are, / a) • A normal summer pool level which would extend into the lower gorge as far as Chimney Top Creek leaving the area between Chimney Top Creek and the upper gor5e, beginning at Sky Bridge, which is the area which would receive much of the siltation occurring in the flood control pool, exposed during most of the year • .. ,,., �This ~xposed area, paralleled by Highway 715, the principal route . b) '\ traveled by visitors to the Gorge, would be charac terized by increasing silt deposits ·and silt-covered vegetation as we~l as by rank growth of cockleburrs, sticktights and other vegetat ion which occurs on such areas, a.11 of which will detract materially from the natural scenic . beauty of the Gorge. ' . c) •, Due to low s ummer and fall flow . of the stream, the normal pool :: of the impoundment will consist of stagnant water not condusive to recreational use. · The :Corps of Eng inee rs' Environmental Impact Statement says: "During periods of summer stratificati~n water quality in the irnpoundm_e nt may not re ach standard~ . ' satisf a ctory to fish and wildlife· needs or -acceptable for public water supply .. " d) Construction of a dam at this site will result in the displacement of 55 f amili es , and the flooding of over lJOO acres of agricultur8l l and , · re moving it from agricuitural production and from county tax rolls. e) Estimated incre ase in recreation us e of . the Gorge and ad jacent .. area would be detrimental to the environment of the G~rge and surround ing are~ as present use has a chi eved a level in excess . . of the capability of the so il and vegetation to support it and signs of environ~e nta l dete rior a tion are now present throughou t the area~ and, WHEREAS it appears essential th8t a ction be taken to provide relief from frequent floods in the forty miles of Red River floo d plain between Bowen ; ··· .... .\. ' �end the Kentucky River by some means which wi ll not intrude on the environmenta l quality of the Red River Gorge, which will materially reduce flood crests, which will.reduce silta tion in the stre am and : provide better quality water in the Gorge for fi sh and wildlife and recreation use and which will generally work with the forces of nature r~ther than against them, and WHEREAS the intensive application of t l:~ principles of we.tershed restoration throughout the entire upper watershed of the Red River, above 1ts junction with the Middle .Fork, could well achieve the res ults desired without detrimental effects to either ihe upper or lower Gorge. The benefits of such watershed treatme nt are widely recogni zed and cons titute the be.sis of implementat ion of Pub lic Law 566 on E\gric ultural l ands and are the ·basis for· River Basin Plann ing by the Fede ral Government . Such a program would include, V a) A system· of small dams pn the upper re a che s of the ma in stree.m, the principal tributaries and some of the secondary streams. .• '.1< b) Silt-producing a reas, such as mine dumps, highway spills, gullied loe;g ing. roads , abandoned f ields and similar a reas would be :. 1 reve3etated with· grass or trees . c) · Buffer strips, sui te.bly vege tated, would be established a.nd maintained between cultivated lands and streams or drains . d) . Major gullys ani drains woUld ~e treated by a series of check dams to slow run-off and reduce siltation, · e) A special effort would be made to maintain the uppe r wa tershed in types of cultivation and vege t at i on wh 1ch ,would slow run- off and / increase percolation of rainfall • . ... ~(· \ .· ... �f) The entire project would provide for sound water and conservat ion practices designed to hold rainf a ll on the l and where it f a lls, slow run-off, nnd r ed.µ ce .flo od crests down stream to an acceptable level . t'lnd, WHEREAS the measures herein ' proposed are in conformity with the concept of solving water problems adva11ced by major General John W. Norris , Dtrector of Civil Works , U. S . Army Corps of Engineers, who is quoted in I the August , 1974, issue of Outdoor Life Magazine as stating , JI . "One move I ' m personally pushing ls that whenever there is a water- resource problem , our first objective w111 be to look fo r nonstructural solutions ." "As a second choice we ' ll look for supplemental structures , retaining the non-s tructural solution as best we can ." · "Dams and other consiruction proj e cts will receive the l e.st pr1C?rity ," Pnd , :THERE1\S such a 1 solution to the national controversy of prov1d.1ng flood ,s protection to the lower Red Rtver Valley in confor:111ty with the attit ude I\ ~xpressed by the public . They question large dems with the resulting disruption of the lives of mr..ny ffl milies by forced sele of their h o1!'l~ s , by r emovf,l nnd. of · procluct :lYe and valueble a.e;r1cultural land fr om production the ti:ix rolls by flooding and by the el iminE'ltion of entire communittes, Federal judges are be coming more reluctant to app rove condemnat ion of property for such purposes , and T-TI1EBEAS such a solution to the nationally controversy of flood control on the Red River would yield the following benefi ts: / a) Reduce flood crests on the · Red River below Bowen to _acceptable l e ve l, ~ �,. b) Heduce the silt load carried by the stream to a level acceptable for recreation use, scenic beauty, flsh and wildlife habitat and public water supply.~ c) / Protect the scenic values of both the upper and lower gorges of the Red niver for public enjoyment. d) Place the headwe,ters watershed of the Red a1ver in the best functioning waterihed condition of . any m~Jor stieam in Kentucky. ·e) Provtcle fish and w1.idlife habitat mf.l.ny times es prod.uotive as would have been provided by the proposed dRm. f) Reduce the adverse impact of recreation by spreading recreational use over a larger area rather than concentrating such use . along the crAm~ed shoreline of a small res~ivoir. g) Serve as en operating demonstration of the benefits of sound watershed management. end, WHEREAS this concept of flood control treetr,1ent of the upper watershed -- -- of the Red Bi ver ts not· cons id.erccl in the Final Environmental Imp:;;,Ct Statement of the Red Blier Project, recently issued by the Corps of Engineers, as one of the alternatives to the. proposed dam: therefore, be 1t RESOLVT~D thc1.t the Kentucl{y Conservation Council, in its J4th Annual Meettng e~sembled~ petition GQvernor Ford, Senator.Cook and the U.S; Army '•\ �.. . .. . ~ Corps of Eng\ nAers to ~1ve full· considera tion to the _ implementatton of a plran of headwaters watershed treatment to provide the neces sa r y flood control on the Red River as an alternative to the proposed darn for this purpose. SIGNED , th1s ___day of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , 1974. President Kentucky Conservation Councl ,.. �KENTUC KY CONSERVATION COUtlCJL RESOLUTI ON WHEREAS residents and l andowners in t he 40 mil es of , the Red River Va ll ey between Bowen and the junction of t he Red River with the Kentucky Rive-r have peti t ioned t hei r Cong ressional r~presentati ves for many yea rs for action to protect this valley f r om the frequent floods which have destroyed crops and property) Ol'1\ 4 WHEREAS the Federa l Government responded to th is plea by a de tail ed study by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers of the 1t1atershed and the development of a plan for a flood control dam wi thin the lower gorge of the Red River within the Dani el Boone Na t ional Forest) a vtd. f i..J ' ; I '. ,. ,.._.... ... _ WHEREAS public protest of this dam..site by the Sierra Clu':, Na tio nal Audabon Societ y and ot~er environmenta ll y-oriented groups, incl ud i ng the Governor of Kentucky, resu l ted in the sel ection of an alternate dam -site downstream from that ori ginally se l ected by the Corps of Engi neers J 0\. ~d WHEREAS a dam at th is alternate site presents ma ny objectionable features, among which are : a) t. ~ "-''~\ A normal summer pool l evei,.woul d exten d into t he lo1t1er gorge only as far as Chimney Top l eaving the area bet1t1een that point and th e up per gorge , beginning at Sky Bridge , which is the area which would r eceive much of the silta tion occurr ing in the flood control pool , exposed du ri ng mos t of t he year. �b) This exposed area, paralle led by Hi ghway 715, the principal route traveled by visitors to the Gorge, wo ul d be characterized by increasing si l t deposits and silt-cove red vegetati on as well as by ran k growth of cockle burrs, sti cktights and othe r vegetation which occu rs on such areas, all of wrich wil l detract materially from t he natu ra l scenic beauty of the Gorge . c) Due to low summer and fa ll fl ow ~ the stream/ normal pool of t he impound, ment will consist of stagnant water not condusive to recreat i onal use . 1 ' During periods of summer s tratifi cati on wate r quality in t he impoundment may not reach standards satis f actory to fish and \vildlife needs or acceptable for public wate r Supply.'• d) c~Uf:l~(l f.ro\'\I C\£ ~W'\Vll"oV\VW\(h'ttCl f ctcs~~~ ~ Construction of a dam at this site will result in the displacement of 55 families, ·.and the flooding of over 1300 acres of agri cultura 1 1 and, removing it from agricultural production and from county tax rolls. e) Estimated incre~~e- irr· ~ecreation use of the Gorge and adjacent area would . ; J • • be detrimental to the environment of the Gorge and surrounding area as present use has achieved a level in excess of the capability of th~ -soi t and vegetation to support it and signs of environmental deterioration are now present throughout the area. (('V\.dJ WHEREAS it appears essential that action be taken to provide relief from frequent floods in the forty miles of Red River flood plain between Bowen and the Kentucky . :~s River by some means wh ich will not i ntrude on the env ironmental qual1t} of the Red River Gorge, whi ch wi ll mater i ally reduce flood crests, which- will reduce sil ta ti on in the stream/ and provide better. quality water in the Gorge for fish and v1i ld li fe and recreation use and which wi 11 genera lly wo rk with t he forces of nature rather than against them)' Q"{ �® WHEREAS the intensive applicat ion of the principles of watershed restoration o,)'lt: throughl'-the entire upper wa tershed of the Red River, above i ts junction with the Middle Fork, could well achieve the results desired witho ut detrimental effects to either t he upper or lower Gorge. The benefits of such watershed treatme nt are wi dely recognized and constitute the basi s of imp lementa tion of f?ubl ic h.aw 566 on agricul i tural lands and is the basis f or River Basi n Planning by the Federa l Government . Such a program would include: a) A system of smal l dams on the uppe r reaches of the main stream, the pri ncipal tributaries and some of the seconda ry streams. b) • Silt-produci ng areas, such as mine dumps; highway spills, gul l~ed logging roads, abandoned fields and similar areas would be revegetated with grass or trees. c) Buffer strips., .su.i.tctb-lf vegetated, would be established and mainta ined between .- 4 . • cultivated lands and streams or drains. MQ ,a,.. ~'i d) ~a~~@ gul~ys and drains would be treated ~ a series of check dams to sl ow run-off and reduce siltation. e) A special effort would be made to maintain the upper watershed in types of cultivati on and vegetation which wou ld slow run-off and increase percolati on of rainfall. f) The entire project to be brought into a coord inated operation of sound water and conservation practi ce designed to hold rainfa ll on t he land where it falls, slow run-off , and reduce fl ood crests dovmt;tream to an acceptabl e level. �WHEREAS the measures proposed above are i n conformity with the concept of solving 1,11ater prob l ems advanced by major General Jo hn W. Mo rris, Director of Ci vil Wor ~, U.S . Army Corps of Engineer s, who i s quo ted in the Augus t, 1974 , i ssue of Outdoor Life Magazine as stat ing: "One move I' m personal ly pus hin g is that whenever there is a wa ter-reso urce pr,ob 1em, our fi rst ob jective wi ll be t o look for no nstructural sol utions ." "As a second choice we 11 · 1ook for supplemental structures , retaining t he non - structura l solution as best we can . " 1 "Dams and other construction projects wi 11 receive the 1ast priority. 11 CVAd, WH EREAS such a sol ut i on to the national controversy of providing flood protection to the lowe r Red River. Valley by a dam in the Red River Gorge would be in conformity wHh the attit ude expressed by t he public . They question large dams with the resu lti ng disruption of t he lives of many fam ilies by forced sale of their homes, by removal of ;, ~-- !,. ~· productive and valuabre'ag';icu ltural land from production and the tax rolls by floodin g and by the elimination of enti re communities. Federal j~dges are becoming more rel uctant to approve condemnati on of property for such purposes 1 WHEREAS a MO such a so lu tion to the nationally- known controversy of flood control on t he Red River wou ld yield t he following benefits: a) Reduce\ fl ood crests on t he Red River below Bowen to an acceptable level. b) Reduce t he silt load carried by the stream to a level acce ptab le for recre ation use , scen ic beauty , fish and wildlife habitat and public water suppl y. c) Leave both t he uppe r and lower gorges of the Red River undisturbed . d) Pl ace the headwaters wa t ershed of the Red Ri ve r in t he best func tioni ng watershed condition of any maj or stream in Kentuc ky . �e) Provide f i sh and wi l dl ife habi tat many ti mes as pro ducti ve as would have been provided by the proposed dam . f) Reduce t he impact of recreation by spreadi ng it over ma ny times the area which 1t10ul d have been tri butary t o the proposed dam. g) Serve an an operating demonstration of the benefits of sound waters hed treatment. I this concept of flood control treatment of the up per watershed of the Red River is not included in the Final Environmental Impact Statement of the Red River Project, recently issued by the Corps of Engineers, as one of the alternatives to the proposed dan;<. RESOLVED that. the Kentucky Conservation Council, in its 30th Annual Meeting assembled, petitions Governor Ford, Senator Cook and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to give full consideration to the implementation of a plan of head. s---, ~ waters watershed ·tteatment to provide the necessary flood control on the Red River as an alternative to the proposed dam for this purpose. SIGNED, this ~ - day of - - - - ' 1974. President Kentucky Conservation Cou ncil �{j) _>¥:;. 6)11e .t,,( /3r,l,sh flu l,~.,/ h11um -For~f a11 a.H-tMpleuluch ,We,~ / T?a -/ f c ;;. p~!tcy-~ O~t - O F l oi't cla ) ~ ~ '[' I i ·::,- 6 / f ~-3 J <j f 7 I 'l7 6 To t-a ( att.OI)) /,Lio tu A,l,c:._r OF /~ '//. (f·'U e. ~tru~a't ~ -177:1.. 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Reso{t.>f10H : q rjrovy:,1 fct-4( rr• 1-..sh ~ --1-i. wA/c:l, wtll kt lo.rl- ,-,. f1,,. f1,,e o/l-n-~11 I, ~, le, -- +~e r,-~~ect or('e'4l·~ \.o Garro JI toi •f'r Camf CJcJt ~~f- Us of -ft,,·~ f1mr ( Of vt !/ 111,}J __1 k._d_tf1 ,w ,. ., rt ~ b.el' of ~owe -s1ffl 'S I fri w,e ~ r1cu If CJl'1J I fct vad I frotluc..li.,e J4"4J a*d v"'-;1u~ tec-t-"",£,.\-\ clom ,·~ R...t R, ;.~ r)/ h,.,,., ».) fsicv fl.t nor Kentuc-ky <2Ht.jet r<:1t-1'o~ (Z>c,u-:<:!,i ~~ J.ef!!!ecl the 1Jaw1 • fl ��""vJtk pass l/11"; wav Jul one,, Juli/ in IA, fiassi119 w1 ilav1 IA,s oll woi/1 jusl a tllk J,/IIJ, j111/ a ltllk mtMI J1a11ll/11/ IJ.a11 w1 faun/ ii, IA111 0111 sJoil slay J111 will nPI Jav1 11111 wJol/y in vain. ':.vl,,011. �RED RIVER GDRGE RECREATION AREA Time and nature formed Kentucky's unique Red River Gorge. Tlie process took millions of years with the elements serving as nature's carving fooL Man can conserve the scenic and scientific featu res of the Gorge and, at the same Mme, · enhance the surroundJng area to provide a variety of outdoor experiences. National Forest management has improved and protected the resources of the area and much of it is Just as it was years ago. To assure that the features of the Gorge remain available for future generations, a special team made a field study and recommended management practices for the area. This publication describes the Red River Gorge area and Forest Service plans for its protection and management. U.S. Department of Agriculture Fore t Service Southern Region �"If you do not think about the future, you cannot have one." John Galsworthy Nature created the Red River Gorge. The future of the Gorge is in the hands of man. Nature and man can work together to protect and enhance the natural setting and scenic beauties of the area. The natural resources and the natural features of the Gorge are so closely bound together that separate management is impossible. The resources and features must be coordinated to bring about a balanced recreational environment. Any one resource or feature alone is not enough. Only through coordinated management can all the beauties of the Gorge best serve the people. �Vici nity Map 68 N • The Red River Gorge is in northeast Kentucky, centered within the Daniel Boone National Forest. The area studied fies in three counties-Menifee, Powell, and Wolfe-and is about 50 miles southeast of Lexington. It includes the scenic portion of the Horth Fork of the Red River watershed and a small part of the Middle Fork's watershed. The Red River Gorge is within a day's driving time of millions of persons. Natural Bridge State Park, a popular state facility, is south of, and adjacent to, the Red River Gorge. Of the 130,000 acres in the study area, 48,000 are in the National Forest. The 2,000 acre Natural Bridge State Park adjoins the National Forest ownership. The rest of the land is privately owned. �I ,r- r-·"rV': ~ , <'" :;, ~ Geologically, the Red River area was part of the floor of a great sea that existed hundreds of millions of years ago. Constant weathering since that time has formed this unique Gorge. Until near the end of the 18th century, this area was inhabitated only by Indians and a few trappers and hardy souls seeking escape from the expanding populations to the east. Then came the pioneers, pushing westward through what was then called the "Great Wilderness." This was the first gateway to the western frontier lands. �For many years, the Gorge area remained isolated. Foot trails, wagon roads and a logging railroad provided the only means of access. The logging railroad's Nada Tunnel is still used ... but now by automobiles. Part of the old railroad bed is now a state highway. By the time of the depression years of the late 1930's, much of the timber ~ad been cut over and the land was producing little of benefit to the Nation. The Federal government acquired much of this land for a National Forest and today it is part of the Daniel Boone National Forest. �• Today, the Red River Gorge is an area of rugged beauty with steep cliffs and narrow valleys. Time and erosion have worn away the soft material, leaving a cliff line sprinkled with natural arches, bridges, rock houses and rock outcrops. The Gorge section of the Red River has been called an art gallery of geological features-a masterpiece of erosion unique to the east. Highways and Forest Developmeqt roads in the area offer visi· tors scenic views of the Gorge and surrounding area. There are three Forest Service recreation developments, many overlooks and numerous trails which furnish access into the backcountry areas away from the roads. �I l There is a variety of outdoor activities including canoeing, hiking, hunting; fishing, camping, picnicking, and driving for pleasure. Nearby Natural Bridge State Park has facilities for lodgingr camping, picnicking, hiking,.horseback riding, and water sports. Many forms of wildlife-birds, -animals, and repHles-are in the Gorge. Hunting is, and has been, a popular activity with squirrel hunt• ing a perennial favorite. Squirrel and grouse are periodrcally aburid· ant as nature's cycles permit. Deer and turkey once were gone from the area but now are increasing in numbers. Fishing in the rivers and creeks·of the Gorge is for those who crave solitude. Trophy muskellunge, Kentucky's rarest game fish; lurk in the deep holes of the river. There are scrappy smallmouth bass, rock . bass, sunfish, and suckers. Two tributary streams are stocked period~ ically with rainbow trout from federal hatcheries. �• Basically, the management proposed for the Red River Gorge consists of two parts enhancement for the use of visitors and protection of the unique features. At times, the two parts may intermingle but neither will have an adverse effect on the other and each will be applied where best suited. The necessary land and mineral rights for the management and protection of the whole area would be acquired by the Federal government. Enhancement units would involve the facilities for visitors such as roads, picnic areas, campgrounds, and facilities for Visitor Information Services. Protection units would contain the scenic part of the North Fork of the Red River, the majestic cliff lines, rock formations and arches and other natural features which have made the Gorge such an attraction. Management in this part will include foot trails, wildlife viewing areas and providing safe access for visitors while protecting the natural values. No camping will be permitted in the Upper Gorge area above highway 77 bridge. The guiding principle behind the overall management will be to manage each resource to enhance the overall recreation experience of an individual. Hone of the resources will be managed for itself alone but for the benefit of the people, today and tomorrow. ���The Red River Gorge has many unique values-the river itself, its geological origin, the cliffs, arches, rockhouses, and rocky outcroppings. These and other natural attractions make the Gorge different. Although the geological formations are major attractions, skillful management of timber, wildlife, and water is necessary to enhance and complement the recreation resource. In areas such as developed recreation sites and those with scenic, ecological, geological and biological values-tree removal will be limited to those trees which are badly damaged, diseased, or present a safety hazard to the forest visitor. In some other areas, the size and shape of timber stands will be restricted and rotations lengthened as necessary to provide the aesthetic values associated with large timber. Timber cultural practices will be aimed primarily at protecting and enhancing recreation values. To show good land management practices, a conservation education center in con· junction with a field demonstration area is proposed. �Recreation in the Red River Gorge will provide unique and varied experiences. It might be picnicking on the edge of the Gorge or camping at a primitive site. Or it could be driving the scenic roads and looking down into the depths of the Gorge, then going down to the river and looking up at the high cliffs and arches. In some areas there will be group camping, observation points, trails for hiking and riding, hunting, fishing, canoeing, and boating as well as opportunities to study the outstanding natural features of the Gorge. There will be Visitor Information Services to provide interpretation of the many features of the area. Management will be based on the carrying capacity of each site, not on an expected number of visitots. Most overnight facilities probably will be at the Cave Run Reservoir Area which is under construction about 20 miles to the north· east, or at the adjacent Natural Bridge State Park. ��Areservoir on the Red River would enhance the overall recreation experience and would not alter the proposed Forest Service management of the area materially. There would be more fishing with a dam, more boating, and an increase in scenic values along the Gorge. Alakeside drive would add much to the enjoyment of visitors. Only boats without motors should be allowed up-river from the crossing of Highway 77. Motorboating possibly could be permitted below this point. The transportation system with a reservoir would be basically the same as without a reservoir. There would be some differences in State Roads 77 and 715 and access would be needed to the lower end of the lake for boats. The land acquisition program would change little with a reservoir since the lands needed for administration of the area are the same-with or without a reservoir. �• (jj The Red River Gorge has become nationally known and it is imperative that a management program be put into effect-for the good of the Gorge and the American people. The Gorge area offers different outdoor experiences for different groups. Forest Service management can see that each of these experiences is provided without harm to the natural wonders of this unique area. Nature builds slowly over millions of years. Man, without proper direction, can mar nature's handiwork. Forest Service management of the Red River Gorge area can provide the direction needed to insure that the Gorge benefits the Nation not only today but in the years to come. ��jJ 8 ( ' •)J' I\ W t•II RED RIVER GORGE Trace KENTUCKY S<.'ALB IN Mil.F'S LEGEND Na t iona l Fore s t Bo u ndary (EJ In t er sta t e Highway U .S. Highway S ta te Highway Forest Ro u t e D iv ided Highwa y Paved Road All Wea ther Road D ir t Road Pri m iti ve Road -II= 0 1 H ighway l n t c r c ha ng~ Per ma nen t Look o ut S ta t ion Recreation Site Nationci l Forest Land PROJECT PROPOSALS S Land N eeds Rec reat ion Sites Conser va ti o n Ed ucation S ites Forest Bounda ry Relocat ion Ca noe Entry a n d Exit FOR AOOJTIONAL INFORMAT IO N , WR I TE: DAN I EL BOONE NATIONAL FOREST Fores1 Su pervisor U. S. Forest Se r vice P. 0. Box 727 Winchester. Kentucky 40391 ��The Saga of the Red River Gorge by Glenn 0. Rutherford Swift Camp Creek on the floor of the Gorge N THE EARLY 1960s the American public decided to "return to nature" and began taking to the nation's back roads and wilderness areas in overwhelming numbers. Every thinly populated area of the country was swamped with urban dwellers fleeing the noise, dirt and confines of the city to walk in the woods, camp in the parks, or simply drive along the interstate highwaystheir cars or trucks pulling portable homes behind them. One of the areas these new adventurers flocked to was Eastern Kentucky's hauntingly beautiful Red River Gorge. T he Gorge had gone unnoticed by the new outdoorsmen for several years but in the early 1960s there began a series of ironic and paradoxical events which were designed to "save" the Gorge but, I AMER IC AN FORES T S �Looking out a cave buried in the base of Chimney Rock in effect, hastened the area's demise. In 1962 the Army Corps of Engineers announced plans to build a flood control dam on the Red River, 47.5 miles upstream from tiny Clay City, Kentucky. That same year a handful of Sierra Club members lodged a formal protest against the dam with the governor's office in Frankfort. From that initial act in 1962, the next six years brought a flood of protests against the dam from other conservation groups, academic organizations, and literally hundreds of self-proclaimed Gorge "experts", all voicing their avowed conviction that " the Gorge must be saved" from the Corps-created flood. But the tremendous amount of publicity generated by protests against the dam drew the attention of the new hordes of outdoorsmen- and by FEBRUARY 1972 the end of the decade, the Gorge\ was being flooded with people, not water. The controversy actually began back in l 938 when Congress passed the National Flood Control Act, which, among other things, created the Ohio River Flood Control basin. Under the new law, the Army Corps of Engineers was entrusted with the task of keeping to1.vns and cities along the Ohio and its tributaries from washing away. Included among plans for flood control in the basin was a dam on the Red River. A narrow, placid stream most of the time, the Red River has on occasion, poured over its b~nks and run roughshod over Clay City. The five thousand or so inhabitants of the town, tired of watching their land and possessions float away, complained for near- ly three decades after the passage of the act before the Corps announced it did, indeed, plan to do something about the Red River's floods. As the protests grew following the '62 Corps announcement, many wellknown faces began to appear among the opponents of the dam. One of them, Kentucky attorney Harry l\'1. Caudill, famous for his opposition to strip mining operations in the state, lent a learned and scholarly voice to the effects at halting the dam's construction. I n an article in the Audubon magazine in October 1968, Caudill lamented that the Gorge "has been sentenced to death at the very moment of its discovery." In retrospect it seems Caudill was absolutely right in at least one re21 �I I ernor Louie B. Nunn asked the "' Corps to consider an al ternate site downstream from the location orij ginally planned for the clam. Nunn's announcement of displeasure with / the original site was boosted by the support of Kentucky Senator John / Sherman Cooper, who led a con1/ gressional fight to cut $1.4 million from the $1.9 million originally ) granted to the Corps for preliminary / work on the construction site. The Corps, with %ths of its initial Red R iver Dam allocation ampu ta tee! by the Congress, agreed to consider the alternate site, amid / shouts of victory from the conservationists and Sierra Clubbers. Final agreement on the location of the dam at the downstream site was announced this past April. Pool levels in the new reservoir will be The floor of the Gorge along Koomer Ridge beneath a tiny waterfall considerably lower than originally planned-54 fee t lower for the seasonal pool and 45 feet lower for the spect-the Gorge was at the ver y mores, rare wildflowers, also disflood control level. I n ann ouncing moment of its discovery. After exist- placing t he beaver, gray and red fox, the pool levels, the Corps revealed raccoon, weasel and muskrat who ing for 60 million years and weatherit had contracted a firm of ecologimake their homes there. The new ing the appearances of a race of cal consultants to determine the exreservoir, the critics noted, would copper-colored Indians believed to act nature of any damage to the have roamed the lands about 4,000 have a 757-foot seasonal water level Gorge's environment once the dam and a flood control level of 804 feetyears ago the Gorge was visited by was completed . The firm, Research and this would back water to the Daniel Boone and other west,vardPlanning &: Design Associates of Amheaded hunters, then finally by mod- base of Chimney Rock in the cen ter herst, Massachusetts, said wildlife ern man - a man equipped with wea- of one of the Gorge's most eye-pleasdisplaced by the new reservoir would ing areas. Some kind of compromise pons the Indians and even BoonP. probably relocate in another part of must be reached, they said. And himself never dreamed of. The modthe canyon rather than disappearing soon an effort was organized to lobern "discoverers" came to the Gorge from the area altogether. T he ecolowith metal soft drink and beer con- by for a compromise dam location, gical experts also reported the new farther downstream, thus lowering ta iners, disposable packets of selfpool levels would save a rare stand the reser voir's seasonal and flood levdeveloping film and tons of paper. of sycamore cottonwood and beech els, and protecting much of the They brought these "weapons" with trees from inundation. Gorge's beauty from the threat of them on their discovery tours-and Martin Pedigo, public relations inundation. when they had departed, the "weadirector for the Corps of Engineers Newspapers throughout the state pons" were left behind. office in Louisville, said the engineers took up the cry of the dam's critics. By the late 1960's people swarmed would establish an area ecological Editorials pleaded for ecological reaover the Gorge, from the top of program that would later be turned son and logic, but for the most Chimney Rock to the depths of holover to the U.S. Forest Service to part, the pleas fell on deaf Corps of lows crowded with giant hemlocks, operate. Engineers ears. tulip populars, sycamores, beeches, "\,Ve're as concerned with the Then in December, 1968, Supreme hickories and oaks. They came with as anyone," Pedigo environment Court Justice William 0. Douglas packs on their backs and in S15,000 said shortly after the compromise led a throng of dam and reser voir camping vehicles. T hey came to see was announced. "vVe want to do the opponents- 600 strong-in a protest the place the Army was going to desjob right. lothing we do there will march through the area of the cantroy with water-and in doing so, destroy any of the forty natural archyon threatened by the clam's backthey succeeded in destroying much es in the area. Oh, there will be cerwaters. Apparently no thought was of it themselves. tain forms of wildlife displaced, cergiven to the environmental effect of The object of the conservationtain wildflowers destroyed- but a crowd of 600 tromping its ·way ist's and camper's ire was the 2,900you've got to remember, the Corps through the flora and fauna. The acre reservoir to be created by the has to build this dam- the people march drew widespread coverage in Red River dam. T he ·impounded wadown there need it. the news media and by the end of ter will back up into the sand and "W'e're going to change the eco· the year, what had begun as a trickle limestone-walled canyon, covering logy a little, there's no doubt about of opposition had swollen into a tidal parts of State Highway 715, which that. Bu t the compromise we've wave. runs through the Gorge's midsection, reached has saved the Gorge." In January, 1969 Kentucky Govand destroying stands of huge syca- ! 22 AMERICAN FORESTS �But the saviors of the Gorge, have, in saving it, led it to a fate perhaps worse than drowning under the waters of a reservoir. They have succeeded in drowning the canyon under a flood of people and litter. One of the ecologists most concerned about the new "flood" threat to the Gorge is Lionel Johnson, fire control and Impact Survey Officer for the National Forest Service at Daniel Boone National Forest headquarters in ·w inchester, Kentucky. (Most of the Gorge lies within the 460,577-acre Daniel Boone Forest.) Johnson is a "professional Kentuckian," born and raised near the Red River Gorge. He spends many of his working hours walking along the canyon's gray bluffs, or foraging through the thick humus below the pine, birch and giant mountain magnolia trees. Lionel Johnson loves the Gorge and like many other Kentucky natives who spend their lives in or near the canyon, he despairs at what has happened to it. "It will never be the same-there's no mistake about it," he laments. "I love the place, but nowadays I just hate to go over there. It's too accessible to su it me- there are just too damn many people visiting the place. "T he simple truth of the matter is that the people do more damage to a place like the Gorge than anything- dams, reservoirs, anythingthey all take second place to people." Johnson says he knows people will continue to worry about the reservoir flooding the Gorge, even though the alternate site has been approved. "On some occasions the water will cover parts of roads in the lower end of the Gorge, but from the tunnel at Nada on up, there's no reason to worry about anything." Due to the vast influx of visitors to the Gorge since the campaign to "save" it began in the '60s, the Forest Service has been forced to change the natural beauty of many popular Gorge areas. They've put handrails along some cliff overlooks, steps down to the more frequen tly visited hollows-even garbage cans have been placed on ,vooden posts beneath several breathtaking overhangs. What nature took 60 million years to create, man has, in just the past ten years, been forced to "remodel." " \1Ve've had to put the garbage cans in there because of the li tter F EBR UA RY 19 7 2 problem," Johnson explained. "The Boy Scouts came in here in the fall of last year and in one day- just one day mind you- carried out 15 tons of litter. Now I know that's hard to believe, but it's true. Fifteen tons of litter and I'll bet they didn't get half of it. "I don't see how we can maintain the area the way it is right now without drastic control over the mnnber of people who are allowed to visit here each year. There's no way we can return the Gorge to its pre1960 state. People have changed all that." T he Forest Service isn't ready to throw up its hands in defeat, however, and is fighting to preserve what it can of the Gorge's natural solitude. "T he single most adverse impact on the area as a result of the new dam and reservoir won't be the water, but the additional people they will bring to the Gorge," Johnson said. In anticipation of even larger crowds of campers and eventually boaters, the Forest Service is attempting to get motorized boating banned in the new reservoir, which will be completed by 1976. "But up to now we're meeting a stone wall on that subject," Johnson admitted. "The problem with th is new breed of camper is that he wants to get away from home but doesn't want to leave the conveniences of home behind. So they come down here now in those fantastic campers-and when the reservoir is flooded, they'll come clown here in their speedbo'ats and houseboats. T he noise will destroy what serenity is left." A new 8,000-acre boating and rec· reation area twen ty miles north of the Gorge, the Cave Run R eservoir, is expected to open next year, and Forest Service officials are hopefu l that many boaters will use Cave Run rather than the Red River reservoir. "Why can 't we keep one area-just one that's already full of desirable scenery- ·why can't we keep this one area quiet and peaceful?" Johnson asks. "If a fellow wants to roar around in his 200-horsepower cruiser, let him do it at Cave Run ." The Red River, says Johnson, will be ideal for canoeing and the reservoir perfect for sailing once construction is completed. The Forest Service is even proposing construction of a scenic road to connect the Cave Run and Gorge areas. The road will be designed to lure many of the mechanized campers away from the more natural and native Gorge to Cave Run, which is designed specifically for the campers. "It would be a very esthetic road with scenic turnouts and picnic areas. I think it might just keep many of the campers in Cave Run," .Johnson said. "We've just got to begin limiting, in some way or another, the amount of people visiting the Gorge. If we don't, the whole thing will be gone in a few years." Mrs. Ella Carroll runs a five-room motel and general store on Highway 15 between Nada and Pine Ridge, Kentucky and though her business has increased "a tad" since the campers swarmed into the area, she still resents all the publicity and "hub-bub" the Gorge has attracted. "Everything was fine down here for a long time- we were going to get our clam and flood control and everything. Then some danged outsiders had to pipe up," she said. "It beats me how some :lttorney or something up in Lexington or Louisville can suddenly become an expert on what ought to be done down here. I've lived here all my life-I love it, we all do or we'd have moved away long ago. vVe know what needs to be done, and if some of those people who began raising all the fuss over the clam had seen Clay City washing away down the Red River, they'd never said a word." Mrs. Carroll's arguments are shared by a lot of residents in Powell, Menifee and ,,volfe Counties- many of whom were against changing the original site of the clam. But, as Powell Coun ty attorney John Cox Jr., said, "We're only asking now that there be no more quibbling about where or when, let's just build the darn thing." And so the darn thing will be built. By the time it's finished it will have cost about $20 million and will meet the water supply needs of Kentucky's Bluegrass area for clecacles. Thanks to the compromises gained by the conservationists, with the help of Justice Douglas, Senator Cooper and Governor Nunn, the most attractive and scenic areas of the Red River Gorge will be preserved . In effect, the Gorge has been saved from the flood of water. The problem now is to save it from the flood of people. • 23 �"f'r',, () I ... ' - 1•:._ \ ~.. . T ·~, .. I ' 1-71 ·.. ) _I •L (C . , 9 · · · <[J)'W;'1 8(f])T1-0':'7:ffl1("jl,1l\T(Jn' .il J.l U \ l J.l \ •.:...U.. 0 , . .t. \UI l.L .1. ·rn, TR11"'',-·1·n-f Q -1- · ..... U 1,y 1).'.nn ,;n~~s ~·i:1-:Yr·:.\'S ~:,·n· r.:I h11ndn•d anr;; i11 Au.,il' l" '·There is no doubt that !he 100.000 acres Co.Jl'il'r-.i urn,11 ::it iii \'/rit rr 1:l':111,'h h;11•r hl•,•11 t' u( i 11 fi1' l) scp.ir a! c in the Red l1il·cr Gm:ge a1·ca is becoming 1·::,, Red r.:1,•r {;lll'!;n in 1'::t~! rrn !·~e n- .,I 11:d~. 'l'il<'.' timl·,,r t'um p:111~·. 11hith ])<1i(I mo re of a recreation site. ·we h~vc not ' ·,y i,c,'.i'" ~ •.i\: fro 111 li1·i11:~ inun,l::lcrl ~I:'..~·u i for t 11., l'.'ond. <·0111 p ld cd lhc four- lcl an y tim bering contn:cts there in 19G9 l .: 1 r<.',cn ·\1ir . Bnt i 1ow co11~t'\'\':1ti on is{~ ., ·e:1r c·o11lr:1d last [:di , 11Cl.'urd ing lo lloone ::mcl we won't l·ct any in 1970." Two timbe r sales s ites- contracted d ti m brr in Irrcs(, .ire a(- odd, C11•cr lo g- J:ore~t J)irec-to r r.ou,'rt Coll ins. A t'N'('nt 1om of t iw an':t shows llJa t early in 1Sn8 and to!a lllng abont 70 acres .. i ~: op1.:·~·.-d · "1S i u l he :seen it; ~orr:c itrr'':l . :,, the n1lddl,•. (iw U.S. F o 1·c;;fry Snl'· the lo;::.:crs twice J>c nctratcd the screen - -«re ~lill cuncnt. The l:ist t.rce cutting J ',' ~:t.1 '$ it ':;. a rr-Io.:rcc huffctcci by llrn ,if trees hc l\l'ccn the cutt ing .ind the 11c.1r the gorge will be finished by nex t tr;1il~. \\ itl!(l ul k ai'cs on !Ile trees the fa ll. A 20,acrc plot is near the Nada Tun. ,i:.dnct rk:i!ly CJ•po,ed force-, . t'u t ,;rP.>.S :111d lhe lello1·cr tredops arc nel· j u~t off Tunnel Ridg e Road, a nd a T!ic Sierra Club an d 1\uclubon ~o riel v · plainly \'i, iblc from the trails. 550-acre area is in Fcfits llranch, about ;·1y rcccnt timb:-r culling;; near trai ls Next summer vi.,itors to Double Arch fiv e 111ilcs sou th of the gorge itself. ,--: I ~ccnic Oi"C'rlooh; :ire clcs!rnc!ivc and c\:, :tct from the r~ 1ir~c·s :.ippc.:11 to hil:crs ·:ind flay~lac k Rock overlooks 11·il l also ·' Sierr a Club office1· Carroll Tichenor, St'C t he re mains o( Urn logging op.?r ation. !'licholsville, said the U.S. Forestry Serv•...,: ulhe r n::lurf.li:,!.s. . . Bill llolstei ll, Louisvillr, prcside;1t of 1cc ·s hould hus, up the rcm:i ining two conl\n· th i:s rcn,011, the co1Vicrvatio11i~t t he Cumberland · Chapter of the' Sierra · <Lr:icts from. lumberman Homer Gregory ,'"'J~nizati0!15 ~.:iy the 1:,,t 70 nc1·cs 0£ for- Club, saicl : ''The Forestry Service · refuses of Morehead, Ky. ·· · .. t ll_i:.~ CJn srill be cu t fa t he gorge nrca 1.o rccogni~e wildcrm}ss Y.'.llues: All illcy "I know the timbc1· in that ~rea i,5 no t " a:.·: ld na p:r,::ssrt.·ed. · s<;c .i., tho dollar sign." · · ·· · ·' worth mnch," Tichenor sa.id. "It's been F11r c::3111ple, JiiJ n·s \ :ere :ibrmed over But vic1:'Cd from f he 1ongcr ·range, llie logged ~ver many ti mes and misti·c;_itcd, . ,. ~!:11.; jn "\11x.icr J:::..?.nc.h nl.!at tht; ori~~i.. trcc-ll'~lchtng g:ime in the Daniel Boone but _1t s~tll has some beauty (o Lhe l11kcr. J1~1 f.Hc oi the :i~;.C, •. 1.. "'·l YL.:l ,1i··,-.i: D:-i11 , Forest ~cc ins to be swin.;i n~ t o1r,wd Y/hwh· is worth niore, -the beauty or -the v, jjic\ 110\:1 L; to U.:: ·huilt f.1t1 ~ '1er- dov. nM th,, c·,rn~cn-:tl ionbts' position. lumber? " · :;ticum. J3oonc l-'orc.• t Direrfor Co!li11s ~aid : Forest Ranger Bob Brooks acknowledged t.h:tt the forest has been "a j unkpilc." B ut, rnlh cr lha n leave the fores t :is it is for na tur e lovers, the rangers rlccidcd it was best to r aze p'aris of it and ~, art fro m scratch.' · .', 1 Supervisor 1 s Office Da nie l Bonne Nationa l Fore st Region 8 The Couri er J ourna l Loui s vil le , Ke ntucky January 29 , 1970 Ilccay P art of Process T hi;; policy ls called "even-aged mana;;~mcnt" in t he foresters ' tcrminolo;_:y. This m eans t hat the Jogging company is allowed into a s-pccifiecl nrca lo cu l ma rked lrccs only. T h t) trees left stamling then receive a herbicide injection at lhc base of t ile trun k which will kill t hem .in a \'C,ff or two. As a result, a new fo 1:csl ()f h ard· wood trees begins ag.1in .from i he ;;eccl; JI ng s l~ge. To t,hc COllSCrv:ilionist-mindcd Sierra Clubbcrs "eYC'il·:t~cd manageme nt" is the sa111e :ts dcv:1stati on. Said Ti('hcnor : "The forc.,lrv s0n ·icc h a:; on l y one th in.~ in mind--p1:od11di u11. Cut everyth ing com pletely of( a,:; ,c fa rmer rl o"S wit h hi,, crops. F ir-st co rn, thr-n plow it up, lhcn all'alfa ,,n,·! ~,Jon. "[ wotdd r:Hi.cr ~.'.?<} tile J1,rd,::nod:; l•: ft ----------- - - . , · ti . J' 1 f~ 1 l,L ·,., -1../ R t:~~_1_ I c.-·\:: ()l:.u,Ina Jot l~ ins=cls, 1:irrls :;.nd I olhc1 11..i.ch, t,1c 1111,ilc c·:r::·. :: t:1cy are decay ing. Old clera:;0d ~i., .... ,, .....ah li:;: .;: ::·.,:: forcsl is im·o]l·cd.'' . ~"_:_. :c,re,t dir ector Co!lins: "You nJtist 1,:·; 2.n c,r;g to make :1 11 omelet. Wh:!t ti": " :.e r, , <)r>lc (conscn ;i(iopist;) . don't J r e.i.:b, : ; t hat you must g-et sunl ight 011 t:·.,:, ;;~·,-Jc:d fo r these young trees to bcco:: c a ·;igoron::; forest. . . ··T::e c:uickcst wav to . climinale \\'i ldli.:e >'. a." iorc~t is el iminalc Clllting," h,:: ~" :::. Co::'::; sa id tha t, unde r the Foro$lry S <?!", :c-e·s criteria, the Red Ri1·cr Gor;;c .doe; ::·:: qualify as a ,•.i lderncss. I;csi,~c". c,:,J ins added, a 11ildcrness in th e gor.;:: ·;:ould not :;ervc the greatest good to t':;; ;:e:;test number of peop le. · Rc::~-=t Gayle Cox, tim ber man2ger fot· ·. ~be y:-::/c _area, said : ·'Frankly1 we arc J Jn :.:e :i·.,.;tness of producrng tim \)c1·. It is o::.:: c~ OLir aim$ urnkr law." ·1 0 ~ ..: to �\\ ~"'- I, 1ersy over a darn ,haiopened -,#.. e:. . . ~~~l ~ !.:. - .. .. .l If - ' ,., ,,. > J g time to fashion the wonders of e Gorge lies along some 15 miles North Fork in the hean of a endowed with wildlife , both boof t he riverbed are picturesque· tern, jagged hills mar ked by huge :ul shapes, among them the many JJ'al stone bridges-listed by -~ (ht. end of the gorge that the V.S . rs plans a dam. Its purpose : To le Red River, and to some extent p h io Rivers; to create a r eservoir ! water flow of high quality; to recreational activities; and to ible, fish and wildlife resources. l2 million. t he planning. Opposition did not I some 13 years after the first roject and nearly five years after onents: The Sierra Club, which ;troy the natural character of the ::itanical and zoological resources. . national attention when the m 0 . Douglas, Associate Justice on a tour of the gorge area. He l dam and conveyed his feelings ient Johnson and Interior Secrej eral funds delayed the project, rthing, grew hotter. Since then 1tives. Many may be possible. e conservationists indicate . they t calls for an alternate dam 5.8 uld cost an estimated $2.5 million d project, but would leave mi>er reaches of the gorge area t o map are th.e approved dam site along with the points to which back up under normal (seasonal . water (flood-control p·ool) con.eit her case would the reservoir 1t of t he gorge's geological landwould unavoidably alter the go:r;ge. With this in mind another ,.,· .. WATER IMPOUNDMENT ...--· ..--·" ... -- - Above: Surface map of Red River. Gorge follows the river through center of wilderness area . How fa r reservoir waters would back up to the east under norrnal (sea~ sonal pool) and high-water (fl ood-control) conditio ns is shown for the approved dam and. cm alternate dam · 5.8 miles downstream . Water im po urrd ments shown on each of the river's three forks have bee n suggested as a substitute for a single dam and rese rvoir. Ai right: ·cress-section showing water levels fo r approved dam and a!+crnote dam,. wi'th relative elevations of so me pro:nir":ent landmarks. Below: View downriver from approximate center of the gorge a rea, comparing water levels under natural condi'fions w ith levels of a pproved re se rvoir. APPROX IMATELY 925 FEfl -------~1 , FLOOD-CONTROL POOL : ELEVATION 807 FEET FEE1 WATER LEVEL, - - - kf ,i • v , • 1.:o.:.u_ -,na .ffl;t! + '··-- .. , . �Sierra Club News Cumberland Chapter Red River GOrge Friends have asked it the Red River Go rge situation has turned sour while we weren't watching. No, we don't think so. Originally , we asked tha t the dam authorized by t he Congress be moved downstream. To those w ho asked why we didn't take a " no dam " position, the answer is very simple--there was no political support for a "no dam" position and it took the · help of the President of the United Sta tes to move t he site downstream. We felt that the vital parts (but not all) of the Go rge could be saved from flood ing by relocat ing the da m. The dam site has been moved downst ream with a planned seasonal pool (the normal reservoir level) of 703 feet, although our position has been t hat t he pool should be no higher t han 700 feet. T he dissension arises over the fact that a flood control dam must co ntrol floods by containing the surge of water during p e r iod s of abnormal precipitation. chances are that a flood pool of 720 feet in Red River could occur once per year a nd a pool of 7 30 feet could occur once every Summer Edition two years, according to the study made by Research, Planntng and D esign Associates for the Corps of Engineers. This flooding will cause some damage to a degree unkn o wn because very little research has been done on this subject. Before construction commences, the Corps of Engineers must file a state m e nt on the environmental impact of this project. We intend to see that the statement includes the facts and that t he Council evaluates the impact of the proj ect before any construction commences. As far as the uranium prospecting and mining goes, it is too early lo tell what might develop. Gov. Louie B . Nun n 's Environ1ental Philosophy Governor Louie B. Nunn made news recently with a bit of environmental philosophy developed for presentatio n before the Bourbon County Soil and Water Conservation District meeting. We obtained a copy of the speech and are quoting pertinent passages : When it comes to our Natural Resources there seems to be three philosophies. One is EXPLOITATION. The second is PRESERVATION, and the. third is CONSERVATION. First, let's take exploitation. This philosophy may be described as man working against nature. Man is not a part of nature, but rather is superior to it, according to this thinking. He at tempts to conquer or tame nature. Proponents of this philosophy feel that man should eventually domesticate his ent ire environment. They feel that this is a desirable goal. The philosophy argues t ha t resources need minimum regulation of use because we shall find substitutes as present resources beco me depleted . Full use of resources is necessary if we are to have progress. The "Cut-Out-and Get-Out" era of the lumber industry in the past exemplifies the exploit ation philosophy. We also see it in the present concept that man need not worry about limited land reso urces beca use he is on t he verge of farming the ocean bottoms. The idea of co mplete climate control by man in the future is another manif es tation of this philosophy. Exploitation is a philosophy of ''Mirirng'· resources. Summed up, it might be described as an optimist i c philosophy of unrestricted and irresponsible resource use. Next, let's take preservation: At the opposite pole is the PRESERVATION philosophy. It says that man should not tamper with nature because he cannot improve upon it. Man's use of natural resources, especia l ly renewab l e resources, should be primarily esthetic and intellectual rather than physical. These resources should be seen and felt, but not physically used. In its purest form the preservation philosophy does not recognize man as an integral part of nature, but merely as a visitor or intruder in nature. Con t inued on page 4 �An E ditorial Congratulations, Tennesseans Tennesseans are to be cong ratulated for their s plendid record of accomplishment in recent months particularly in this session of the legislature. Governor Dunn recently signed a state trails bill which · establishes three classes of tra Us in Tennessee. On May 4 , the Governor signed a m!t.ura l areas system bill which esta blishes scenic-recreational and natural-scientific areas. While the Tennessee strip mine bill may have a rocky road ahead, an environme ntal protection bill is in the hopper which is repo rted to have a goo d c hance of passage. According to the Tennessee C i t ize ns for Wi lde r n ess Plann i ng news lette r , co nserva tionists met recently w i th Governor Dunn to exchange view s on environmental matters which sounds encouraging. All of this follows a fi ne state wild rivers bill passed t wo years ago and was funded in the meantime. This is a record of accomplishment. Contrasting this record of achievement with the Kentucky record is enough to make a grown man cry. As you know , not a single piece of environme ntal legislation came close to passing t he last Kentucky General Assembly. How can Kentucky be so different from Tennessee? Does the clima te change drama tically north of the Housewives' Ecohints Many of t he grocery stores now provide light weight plastic bags (instead of paper) in their produce departments for you to put your selected fr uits and vegetables into. I used to ha te these bags because they would not stay closed . Then I just placed my produce loose in the shopping cart,only to have the checkout clerk put them in a bag for me, slowing down the check-out line much to the irritation of everyone behind me. I know that those irritating little bags have lots of uses··more than the paper bags before them. I use them mostly in the ki tchen. They are great for sandwiches (although a l ittle big) because they keep them very fresh. Then I put the whole lunch in another one (bread bags are even better). Other uses include: ice cube storage bags; plate covers (slip t he whole plate into the bag); ice box storage bags--They keep things crisp and fresh and keep odors separate too; freeze r storage bags; garbage bags for messy things; stuffing for home made toys; storage bags for clean or dity lingerie; etc .. These lit tle bags may be rinsed out and used again and again. If you still long for the paper bags remember that you are saving trees by not using paper bags. So get with it and start using (if you haven 't already) the plastic ones for any and everything. ··M. Mayne The Lone S tar NEWSPAPER Sierran RECYCLI NG Even tho ugh you may not live in a newspaper re cycling area , save all your o ld newspapers instead o f putting them in your garbage can. Check to see if your church, school , civic or service club, ·or local sco uting organization i~· having or will be having a new spa per collection Jrive. Or, if you live in the Lo uisville area, you can ca ll the Service Bureau of The Co urier-Jo urnal a nd The Lo uisville Times at 582-4545 for t he name of an o rgan i z ation collec ting newspa pers . Cumberland River? Sure, we have the cru tch that we can't even get t hrough the doors into the Go vernor's office under the pre sent admi nistratio n, and we have o ur Pickards and our Grubbs, etc. etc. O ne difference based on personal observation is that the various Tennessee groups work toge.t il e r toward c o mm on Goals whereas Kentuc kians t end to pay lip service to coopera tion but thu s far, th e end acco mp l is h m en t is not imp ressive and un til we do learn to work together, alas, t here is little hope t hat we can come close to ma tching the record of o ur friends in Tennessee. Daniel Boone Nat 'l Fo rest ·'.Vii'!, tin1ber manage1nent anJ clear cutting in the ne ws, Sie rra Club me mb ers will be interested to see clear cutting as praticed in t he Daniel Boone Na tio nal Forest in McCreary Coun ty near the Three Forks of Beaver. Go rdon Rob inson, the Sierra Club's Forestry consultant rece ntly told the Se nate Public Lands Subcom mittee, "Th e best kept secret in t his period of great concern about t he declining qualit y of our environme nt is the conditio n of o ur forest la nds." By the time t he first session of hearings o n federa l Limber management practices was l'oncluded in early April, many of these "'secrets" were out . Numerous witnesses, in cl udin g f o rm er Forest Service personnel, professio nal foreste rs, scientists, un iversit y prof~ssors. and conse rvatio nists , presented an array of · sta tistic,s, exhibits, and test im o ny t o show t he subcommit tee members why Co ngress must act soon on behalf of t he national forests. �Kentucky's Water What Contes First? The April 9 Kiplinger Letter carried the following item: " There's suspicio n t hat serious ailments may be transmitted by water... hepatitis, many intestinal illnesses, etc. Most water these ways isn't treated for viruses only against bacteria." T~ determ ine h ow t h is report a pp lied to Ke ntucky, we asked Mr. Ralph Pickard, Executive Director of the Wat er Pollu t i o n Cont rol Commission, for hi s comments. Mr. Pickard failed to r espond. We assume that Mr. Pickard is awar e of o u r water quality problems if he was accurately quoted in the Jul y 12, 197 0 STATE JO URNAL (" We do n 't recongnize swimming in any o pen stream at this time"), altho ugh his ac tions on th e Commissionmight raise the questi on "Does industrial expansion or wate r qua lity come first on h is list of priorities?" Approximately 300 peo ple attended the April 12 meeting of t he Kentucky Wa ter Pollutio n Control Commission concerning s tan dards f or K entucky streams with 25 i ndividua ls offering testimony. The decision of the Commission regard ing th is matter has not been announced. Please watch the evironmental calendar in th e Sunday Courier-Journal for the date of the next Water Pollution Control Commission meeting in Frankfort and attend if you possibly ca n. They say you won't believe your eyes and ears. The Cor ps of engineers has ann o unced tha t any o ne· discharging anything into t h e nation's navigable waters must have a permi t from the Corps. The new rules to enforce water quality standards under the 72 year o ld Refuse A~I of 1899 is the result of an order i_~sued last December 23 by Pr esident N ix o n. This procedure offers a means for the public to comment on any objectionable discharges into str eams. Rep. John Dingell, Mich., and e ig!lt ,a- spo nsor s have intr od u ced le gi lation to authorize a five-year $25 billion Clean Water Program. Dingell claimed t hat the bill would "in large part take care of the backlog of work which must be done to bring t r eat m ent facil i t i es throughout the country to appropriately high standards." Din gell's bill a lso would increase appropria tions for administrative a n d enforcement grants to state and interstate waler pollution control agencies. Wilderness Learning Adventure Running a river by raft can take you farther than you th ink. It can s how you how nature worl,.s in the wild. It can helpyou learn about yo urself. Discovery is part of the adventure. Each year more Americans head downstream for adventu re. Padd ling rubbe r rafts, they enjoy the beauty of unspQiled wildeness and the simple joys of sho re ca mp ing. With careful adva nce planning, and a basic command of rafting skills, river running can be fun for everyone. Further information may be ohta ined by writing the American White-Wa ter School i n 10 16 Jackson StreetOakland, CA 94607 . The S.S. T. An Historic Def eat According to the April Wilderness Society Repon, con~ervatio nist s believe t he SST defeat will stand as a decision of historic significa nce. It represen ts the fir st , tangible evidence that the decision-ma k ers of this country are becoming aware of the need for a shift in national priorities-away from the expensive frills that have sapped our resources and endangered o ur enviro nment and toward programs that will add to the quality of people's lives in meaningful ways. A Ithough the SST is d ead, we hope, Kentuckians are hangi ng their heads in embarra sment o ver the vo te of t h eir Congressional delegation. Senator John Sherman Cooper and Rep.Ron Mazzoli were the o nly Kentuckians voting to oppose the project. Among those voting to continue the SST, the most embar rassin g was Rep.M. Gene Snyder who represents the fourth d istrict, an area of heavy Sierra Club membership. We interpret Mr. Snyder's vote as an indication that he continues to treat the environmental move me nt lightly, The T ennessee delegation was a bit more enlightened. Altho ugh b oth Senators Ba ker and Brock supported the SST, R e presen ta tives Anderson, Duncan, Evins, Fulto n, and Jones were opposed. Rep. Bow, Kuykendall and Quillen were SST supporters. During the second vote on the SST in May, Rep. Frank Stubblefield switched aml votec! to oppose. EAGLE STAM PS U sed com me,n ora tive stamps (th ose issued to honor people or historical even ts) coul d save a bald eagle. The Florida AudubonSociety uses such stamps to h elp maintain three million acres in Florida as eagle sanctuaries. �Nunn's Philosophy Con tinu ~d fro m page I Like the exploiter, the perserva lion ist wa nts man to rely o n substitutes- but right now instead of later, so certain resources can be ke pt invio late. Preservationist philosophy says, for example, that it is wro ng to cut trees and wrong to kill wild animals. As soon as a man uses a resource, he ruins it. Man is a polluter and a destroyer, a nd can be no better. Summed up, it is a p ess imistic ph iloso phy of no n-use. Now l e t's tak e CONSERV AT ION: Th is philosophy is the midd le-ground bet ween the pervious two. It says that man should work with nature, not against it. Man is an integral part of nature and cannot co nsider himself superior to it , or a n intruder upon it. It is an eco l o gical approach to resource problems. It is a philosophy often expressed as "wise use." It is permeated with t he idea of r esponsi bl e cropping of resource while maintaining the ir productivity o ver an indefiniate period of time. It believes that the physical, esthetic a nd intellectual uses of natural reso urces can be made compatible t hrough planning. It is a philosophy of harv esting crops whil e p reve nt ing ero sio n , of "Tree-farming of sustaining yields of fish and game, o f u sin g wale r without destroying water values. Pro p on e nts of th is philosophy say t hat man never will be free from his d e p e ndence upon Natural R eso urc es. Therefore, we must consta ntly rene w suc h resources as soil, water, tree, fish a nd game. Su mmed up , it is a cautious philosophy of use but not misuse of Natural Resources. J believe Lhis philoso phy of your S o il and Water Conservation District and t he me n who govern it. You have done w e ll in developing programs with this in mind. Governor Nunn a lso made th e news in his defense o f the Ten n e s see -T omb ig b ee Waterway. He is reported as have said, "W e s hould visualize wa terways as a full partner in o ur transpo rtatio n system and certainly as a key to a healthier econo mic and physical environme nt in t he future." If t he T ennessee-Tom is developed, t his will mea n that western Kentucky st rip mined coal will have a big new market because of cheaper transpdrta tion, to t he centra l Flo rida po wer pla nts. The canal would cut southeast fro m Paducah, and would mea n a shorter route for east coas t bound traffi c compared to the Mississippi River. The Coal Issue By Vicki Mattox Abolishment of surface mining of coal was placed on the priority list of the Sierra Club at its annual meeting in San Francisco. The coal issue was t he first policy decision by the new board of directors. R eco mm e ndation s had originated from th e Cumberland Chapter of the Sierra Club at the Midwest R eg ional Conservation Co mm i tte ee me eti ng in Chica g o . T h e boar d unanimo usly advocated "a total and immediate ba n of all surface mining of coa l." T his resolut ion was ad o pted "in view of the irreversible environmental damage caused by sur face mi ning and t he inef'fec tiven ess of regu la tion to mitigate the environmental impact of surface mining." I n ad dition t o t h e r eso lut ion bein g p laced nu mber eleven on t he formal list of club priorities t he club has started work o n a battle book o n surface mining and a film or slide show. There will be a task fo rce fo rmed to study t he entire spec trum o f surface mining problems anti its relatio nship to t he nations ene rgy dema ncls. Abolition of strip-mining is shaping up as a battle in Was hin gton. R e p . Ke n Hechler's bill ( HR 45 56), calling for a complete phase out in 6 months of a 11 stripping, no w has nearly 80 co-sponsors. Gaylord Nelson and George McGovern ha ve introduced a n identical bill (S 1498) in the Senate. Nea rly a ll the states have congressmen supporting t his legislation, exce pt Kentucky. WRITE your congressman in additio n to Senators Cook a nd Cooper and ask them to support a phase o ut of surface mi ning. Ugly Spot Litter Crop When the winter receded and wild flo wers sprung to life, the ugliness of man's disregard for the earth was prevelant dur ing S ie rra Clu b outings in the form of a new litter crop. Voted as t he most littered spot was Learherwood Ford a put in point for canoists o n t he Big South fork of t he Cumberland River. Wh e n you a re on the River or in the woods this summer, help carry out t he Jitter left by others. �This folder also includes several large maps of the Gorge area that were not scanned. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource Robert Foster Collins (1906-1999) was born in Lansing, Michigan to Frank Noble and Grace Foster Collins. He received his formal education in the public schools of southern Michigan and graduated with a B.S.F in 1928 from Michigan State University. In 1929 he obtained a M.F. degree from the Yale Forest School of Yale University. <br /><br />After a stint in the military and other forestry related jobs he was assigned in 1953 as forest supervisor of the Cumberland National Forest (renamed Daniel Boone National Forest in the 1960s) in Kentucky. During his tenure the Forest Service successfully resisted the encroachment of strip miners in the forest and saw the rise of an active conservation movement in the region. Most of the materials in this collection relate to Mr. Collins' occupation as a United States Forest Service administrator. Of particular interest to the researcher is Collins' research notes and draft of his manuscript on The History of the Daniel Boone National Forest. In addition, there is information about pioneer Kentucky history and material about conservation and environmental issues in Kentucky during the last quarter of the 20th century. Included is a large collection of color slides which Collins took of Winchester and Clark County historical sites and structures and of field and streams and flora and fauna of Kentucky. The papers also contain information about weapons a favorite subject of Collins. <br /><br />Only a portion of this collection has been digitized. See the <a href="https://ekuprimarysources.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/500">Finding Aid</a> for a description of the entire collection. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1847-1988 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource correspondence, maps, documents color slides, photographs Language A language of the resource eng Type The nature or genre of the resource text image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1990A005 Title A name given to the resource Collins, Robert Foster Papers Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pertinent Data and Plans Considered: Red River Lake, Red River, Kentucky Description An account of the resource Information for public meeting at Stanton, Kentucky Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available U.S. Army Engineer District, Louisville, Corps of Engineers Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1973-07-14 Language A language of the resource eng Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 1990a005-b16-f3 Red River Gorge